South African Environmental Observation Network

Scientific Publications



2023


2022
2592029
2022
items
1
0
author
asc
1
218
https://www.saeon.ac.za/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
%7B%22status%22%3A%22success%22%2C%22updateneeded%22%3Afalse%2C%22instance%22%3A%22zotpress-ba2ad57827251bcddd571075e867fddb%22%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22request_last%22%3A50%2C%22request_next%22%3A50%2C%22used_cache%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22data%22%3A%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%22YRTSSH7D%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Aldworth%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-12%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAldworth%2C%20T.%20A.%2C%20Toucher%2C%20M.%20L.%20W.%2C%20Clulow%2C%20A.%20D.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Swemmer%2C%20A.%20M.%20%282022%29.%20The%20effect%20of%20woody%20encroachment%20on%20evapotranspiration%20in%20a%20semi-arid%20savanna.%20%3Ci%3EHydrology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E10%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%209%26%23×2013%3B9.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DYRTSSH7D%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20effect%20of%20woody%20encroachment%20on%20evapotranspiration%20in%20a%20semi-arid%20savanna%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tiffany%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Aldworth%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michele%20L.%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Toucher%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alistair%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Clulow%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anthony%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Swemmer%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%5C%2Fdecember%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22F3ERISX2%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-01-12T10%3A32%3A30Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22SRQWQ2CQ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Cunningham%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECunningham%2C%20E.%20M.%2C%20Rico%20Seijo%2C%20N.%2C%20Altieri%2C%20K.%20E.%2C%20Audh%2C%20R.%20R.%2C%20Burger%2C%20J.%20M.%2C%20Bornman%2C%20T.%20G.%2C%20Fawcett%2C%20S.%2C%20Gwinnett%2C%20C.%20M.%20B.%2C%20Osborne%2C%20A.%20O.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Woodall%2C%20L.%20C.%20%282022%29.%20The%20transport%20and%20fate%20of%20microplastic%20fibres%20in%20the%20Antarctic%3A%20The%20role%20of%20multiple%20global%20processes.%20%3Ci%3EFrontiers%20in%20Marine%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E9%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.frontiersin.org%5C%2Farticles%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Ffmars.2022.1056081%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.frontiersin.org%5C%2Farticles%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Ffmars.2022.1056081%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DSRQWQ2CQ%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20transport%20and%20fate%20of%20microplastic%20fibres%20in%20the%20Antarctic%3A%20The%20role%20of%20multiple%20global%20processes%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eoghan%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cunningham%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nuria%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rico%20Seijo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Katye%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Altieri%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Riesna%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Audh%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jessica%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Burger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thomas%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bornman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sarah%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fawcett%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Claire%20M.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gwinnett%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Amy%20O.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Osborne%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lucy%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Woodall%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Understanding%20the%20transport%20and%20accumulation%20of%20microplastics%20is%20useful%20to%20determine%20the%20relative%20risk%20they%20pose%20to%20global%20biodiversity.%20The%20exact%20contribution%20of%20microplastic%20sources%20is%20hard%20to%20elucidate%3B%20therefore%2C%20investigating%20the%20Antarctic%20Weddell%20Sea%2C%20an%20area%20known%20for%20its%20remoteness%20and%20little%20human%20presence%20%28i.e.%20limited%20pollution%20sources%29%2C%20will%20help%20us%20to%20better%20understand%20microplastic%20transportation.%20Here%2C%20we%20investigate%20the%20presence%20of%20microplastics%20in%20a%20range%20of%20Antarctic%20sample%20media%20including%20air%2C%20seawater%2C%20and%20sediment.%20We%20hypothesised%20that%20multiple%20transportation%20processes%20including%20atmospheric%20and%20oceanic%20vectors%20determine%20the%20presence%20of%20microplastics%20in%20the%20Antarctic.%20Using%20techniques%20including%20Polarised%20Light%20Microscopy%20and%20Raman%20Spectrometry%2C%20we%20identified%20mostly%20fibres%20and%20categorised%20them%20based%20on%20their%20optical%20and%20chemical%20properties.%20A%20total%20of%2047%20individual%20microplastic%20categories%20%2845%20of%20which%20were%20fibres%29%20were%20identified%20in%20the%20air%2C%20seawater%2C%20and%20sediment%20samples.%20The%20majority%20of%20categories%20did%20not%20overlap%20multiple%20media%20%2842%5C%2F47%29%3B%20however%2C%20four%20fibre%20categories%20were%20present%20in%20both%20air%20and%20water%20samples%2C%20and%20another%20fibre%20category%20was%20found%20in%20all%20three%20media%20%28category%2027%29.%20We%20suggest%20that%20the%20large%20variety%20of%20fibres%20identified%20and%20the%20overlap%20of%20fibre%20categories%20among%20media%20indicates%20that%20the%20pollution%20may%20result%20from%20multiple%20diffuse%20sources%20and%20transportation%20pathways.%20Additionally%2C%20our%20Air%20Mass%20Back%20Trajectory%20analyses%20demonstrates%20that%20microplastic%20fibres%20are%20being%20transported%20by%20air%20masses%20or%20wind%2C%20and%20strongly%20suggests%20that%20they%20are%20transported%20to%20the%20Antarctic%20from%20southern%20South%20America.%20We%20also%20propose%20that%20fibres%20may%20be%20transported%20into%20the%20Antarctic%20in%20subsurface%20waters%2C%20and%20as%20pollution%20was%20identified%20in%20our%20sediment%20and%20additional%20sea%20ice%20samples%2C%20we%20suggest%20that%20the%20coastal%20and%20Antarctic%20deep%20sea%20may%20be%20a%20sink%20for%20microplastic%20fibres.%20The%20results%20shown%20here%20from%20a%20remote%2C%20near-pristine%20system%2C%20further%20highlight%20the%20need%20for%20a%20global%20response%20to%20the%20plastic%20pollution%20crisis.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222296-7745%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.frontiersin.org%5C%2Farticles%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Ffmars.2022.1056081%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2285DCE2P4%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-11-24T08%3A14%3A53Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22CVCEIZXV%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22D%5Cu0105bek%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ED%26%23×105%3Bbek%2C%20P.%2C%20Gastineau%2C%20R.%2C%20Bornman%2C%20T.%20G.%2C%20Lemieux%2C%20C.%2C%20Turmel%2C%20M.%2C%20Hallegraeff%2C%20G.%2C%20Mouget%2C%20J.-L.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Witkowski%2C%20A.%20%282022%29.%20The%20blue%20diatom%20Haslea%20ostrearia%20from%20the%20Indian%20Ocean%20coast%20of%20South%20Africa%2C%20with%20comparative%20analysis%20of%20Haslea%20organellar%20genomes.%20%3Ci%3EFrontiers%20in%20Marine%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E9%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2Fdoi%3A%2010.3389%5C%2Ffmars.2022.950716%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2Fdoi%3A%2010.3389%5C%2Ffmars.2022.950716%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DCVCEIZXV%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20blue%20diatom%20Haslea%20ostrearia%20from%20the%20Indian%20Ocean%20coast%20of%20South%20Africa%2C%20with%20comparative%20analysis%20of%20Haslea%20organellar%20genomes%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Przemys%5Cu0142aw%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22D%5Cu0105bek%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Romain%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gastineau%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thomas%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bornman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Claude%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lemieux%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Monique%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Turmel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gustaaf%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hallegraeff%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean-Luc%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mouget%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrzej%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Witkowski%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Haslea%20ostrearia%20represents%20the%20model%20species%20of%20blue%20diatoms%2C%20a%20cluster%20of%20benthic%20marine%20species%20all%20belonging%20to%20the%20genus%20Haslea%2C%20noticeable%20for%20producing%20a%20blue%20pigment%20called%20marennine%20famous%20for%20its%20greening%20activity%20on%20the%20gills%20of%20bivalves%20but%20also%20for%20its%20potential%20in%20biotechnology.%20The%20exact%20distribution%20of%20H.%20ostrearia%20is%20unknown.%20It%20has%20been%20long%20considered%20a%20cosmopolitan%20diatom%2C%20but%20recent%20studies%20provided%20evidence%20for%20cryptic%20diversity%20and%20the%20existence%20of%20several%20other%20blue%20species%2C%20some%20of%20them%20inhabiting%20places%20where%20diatoms%20described%20as%20H.%20ostrearia%20had%20previously%20been%20observed.%20Recently%2C%20a%20marine%20diatom%20with%20blue%20tips%20was%20isolated%20into%20clonal%20culture%20from%20a%20plankton%20net%20sample%20from%20Kei%20Mouth%20on%20the%20Indian%20Ocean%20coast%20of%20South%20Africa.%20It%20was%20identified%20as%20H.%20ostrearia%20through%20a%20combination%20of%20LM%5C%2FSEM%20microscopy%20and%20molecular%20analysis.%20This%20constitutes%20the%20first%20established%20record%20of%20this%20species%20from%20South%20Africa%20and%20the%20Indian%20Ocean%20and%20the%20second%20record%20for%20the%20southern%20hemisphere.%20Molecular%20barcoding%20clearly%20discriminated%20the%20South%20African%20strain%20from%20an%20Australian%20strain%20and%20cox1%20based%20molecular%20phylogeny%20associated%20it%20instead%20with%20strains%20from%20the%20French%20Atlantic%20Coast%2C%20raising%20questions%20about%20the%20dispersal%20of%20this%20species.%20The%20complete%20mitochondrial%20and%20plastid%20genomes%20were%20compared%20to%20those%20of%20Haslea%20nusantara%20and%20Haslea%20silbo.%20Multigene%20phylogenies%20performed%20with%20all%20protein-coding%20genes%20of%20the%20plastome%20and%20the%20mitogenome%20associated%20H.%20ostrearia%20with%20H.%20silbo.%20In%20addition%2C%20complete%20sequences%20of%20circular%20plasmids%20were%20obtained%20and%20one%20of%20them%20showed%20an%20important%20conservation%20with%20a%20plasmid%20found%20in%20H.%20silbo.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22doi%3A%2010.3389%5C%2Ffmars.2022.950716%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222296-7745%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.frontiersin.org%5C%2Farticles%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Ffmars.2022.950716%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2285DCE2P4%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-09-27T12%3A40%3A41Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22IZD6AIDX%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Dean%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-05-12%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDean%2C%20W.%20R.%20J.%2C%20%26%23xC5%3Bhlander%2C%20E.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Johansson%2C%20U.%20S.%20%282022%29.%20Avian%20type%20localities%20and%20the%20type%20specimens%20collected%20by%20Johan%20August%20Wahlberg%20in%20southern%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EZootaxa%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E5134%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29%2C%20521%26%23×2013%3B560.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.11646%5C%2Fzootaxa.5134.4.3%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.11646%5C%2Fzootaxa.5134.4.3%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DIZD6AIDX%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Avian%20type%20localities%20and%20the%20type%20specimens%20collected%20by%20Johan%20August%20Wahlberg%20in%20southern%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%20Richard%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dean%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Erik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22%5Cu00c5hlander%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ulf%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Johansson%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Avian%20type%20specimens%20collected%20in%20southern%20Africa%20between%201839%5Cu20131856%20by%20J.A.%20Wahlberg%20for%20the%20Swedish%20Museum%20of%20Natural%20History%2C%20Stockholm%20%28Naturhistoriska%20riksmuseet%3B%20NRM%29%20are%20listed.%20Each%20species%20account%20discusses%20collection%20sites%2C%20nomenclature%2C%20and%20taxonomy%2C%20and%20as%20needed%2C%20gives%20notes%20from%20Wahlberg%5Cu2019s%20journal%20of%20travel%20routes%20and%20camp%20sites%20that%20correct%20or%20modify%20type%20localities.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022-05-12%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.11646%5C%2Fzootaxa.5134.4.3%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221175-5334%2C%201175-5326%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fmapress.com%5C%2Fzt%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fview%5C%2Fzootaxa.5134.4.3%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22CM9YQJBN%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-03-17T07%3A33%3A23Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%229I3GNHUU%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Dippenaar%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDippenaar%2C%20A.%20S.%2C%20Dean%2C%20W.%20R.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Milton%2C%20S.%20J.%20%282022%29.%20%3Ci%3EA%20checklist%20of%20the%20spiders%20%28Arachnida%2C%20Araneae%29%20of%20Tierberg%20Long%20Term%20Ecological%20Research%20site%2C%20Prince%20Albert%2C%20Western%20Cape%2C%20South%20Africa%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D9I3GNHUU%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20checklist%20of%20the%20spiders%20%28Arachnida%2C%20Araneae%29%20of%20Tierberg%20Long%20Term%20Ecological%20Research%20site%2C%20Prince%20Albert%2C%20Western%20Cape%2C%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A%20S%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dippenaar%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W%20R%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dean%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Milton%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Surveys%20undertaken%20at%20Tierberg%20Karoo%20Research%20Centre%2C%20now%20known%20as%20Tierberg%20Long%20Term%20Ecological%20Research%20site%20near%20Prince%20Albert%20in%20the%20Western%20Cape%2C%20are%20reported%20on%20here.%20The%20plains%20landscape%20is%20characterised%20by%20circular%20biogenic%20patches%2015%5Cu201320%20m%20in%20diameter%2C%20known%20as%20%5Cu201cheuweltjies%5Cu201d.%20These%20are%20over-dispersed%20at%20a%20density%20of%202.2%5C%2Fha%20and%20overlie%20the%20subterranean%20nest%20of%20the%20termite%20Microhodotermes%20viator.%20The%20first%20annotated%20species%20list%20of%20spiders%20sampled%20from%201988%20to%201990%20is%20presented.%20A%20total%20of%20103%20species%20from%2076%20genera%20and%2032%20families%20were%20recorded.%20The%20most%20species-rich%20families%20are%20the%20Gnaphosidae%20%2825%20spp.%29%2C%20Salticidae%20%288%20spp.%29%2C%20Lycosidae%20%287%20spp.%29%20and%20Zodariidae%20%286%20spp.%29.%20The%20conservation%20status%20and%20level%20of%20endemicity%20based%20on%20their%20known%20distribution%20are%20providedfor%20each%20species%2C%20as%20well%20as%20termite%20associations.%20Seven%20species%20are%20recognised%20as%20new.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22CM9YQJBN%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-03-17T07%3A33%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22BUJB96WS%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Edworthy%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-10-02%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EEdworthy%2C%20C.%2C%20Potts%2C%20W.%2C%20Dupont%2C%20S.%2C%20Duncan%2C%20M.%2C%20Bornman%2C%20T.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20James%2C%20N.%20%282022%29.%20A%20baseline%20assessment%20of%20coastal%20pH%20variability%20in%20a%20temperate%20South%20African%20embayment%3A%20implications%20for%20biological%20ocean%20acidification%20research.%20%3Ci%3EAfrican%20Journal%20of%20Marine%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E44%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29%2C%20367%26%23×2013%3B381.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F1814232X.2022.2147999%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F1814232X.2022.2147999%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DBUJB96WS%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20baseline%20assessment%20of%20coastal%20pH%20variability%20in%20a%20temperate%20South%20African%20embayment%3A%20implications%20for%20biological%20ocean%20acidification%20research%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Edworthy%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22WM%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Potts%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dupont%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22MI%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Duncan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22TG%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bornman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22NC%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22James%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Compared%20with%20the%20open%20ocean%2C%20knowledge%20of%20pH%20variability%20in%20coastal%20waters%20is%20rudimentary%2C%20especially%20in%20Africa.%20This%20is%20concerning%20as%20quantifying%20local%20pH%20conditions%20is%20critical%20when%20assessing%20the%20response%20of%20coastal%20species%20to%20future%20ocean%20acidification%20scenarios.%20The%20objective%20of%20this%20study%20was%20to%20capture%20some%20of%20the%20variability%20in%20pH%20at%20scales%20and%20sites%20relevant%20to%20coastal%20marine%20organisms%20in%20a%20South%20African%20temperate%20embayment%20%28Algoa%20Bay%2C%20Indian%20Ocean%29.%20We%20used%20a%20sampling%20approach%20that%20captured%20spatial%20%28at%20a%20resolution%20of%20%5Cu223c10%20km%29%2C%20monthly%20and%20diel%20%2824-hour%29%20variability%20in%20pH%20and%20associated%20physical%20and%20biological%20parameters%20at%20offshore%20and%20shallow%20inshore%20sites%20in%20Algoa%20Bay.%20We%20found%20that%20pH%20and%20associated%20parameters%20%28temperature%2C%20calculated%20pCO2%2C%20chlorophyll%20a%29%20varied%20over%20space%20and%20time%20in%20Algoa%20Bay.%20The%20range%20in%20pH%20was%200.30%20units%20at%20offshore%20sites%20and%200.46%20at%20inshore%20sites%2C%20and%20the%20average%20pH%20was%208.10%20%28SD%200.06%29%20and%208.10%20%28SD%200.13%29%20at%20these%20sites%2C%20respectively%2C%20which%20is%20typical%20for%20coastal%20environments.%20Our%20results%20showed%20that%20both%20biological%20factors%20%28at%20the%20offshore%20sites%29%20and%20salinity%20%28at%20the%20inshore%20sites%29%20may%20influence%20temporal%20and%20spatial%20variability%20in%20pH.%20We%20also%20identified%20a%20shallow%20inshore%20site%20with%20high%20levels%20of%20macroalgal%20growth%20that%20had%20consistently%20higher%20average%20daytime%20pH%20levels%20%288.33%20%5BSD%200.07%5D%29%2C%20which%20may%20serve%20as%20an%20ocean%20acidification%20refuge%20for%20coastal%20marine%20species.%20This%20is%20the%20first%20comprehensive%20pH-monitoring%20study%20to%20be%20implemented%20in%20a%20nearshore%20coastal%20area%20in%20Africa%20and%20provides%20recommendations%20for%20monitoring%20in%20other%20understudied%20regions.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022-10-02%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.2989%5C%2F1814232X.2022.2147999%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221814-232X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F1814232X.2022.2147999%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2285DCE2P4%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-02-08T07%3A32%3A05Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22NZ22NWQY%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Findlay%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A3%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFindlay%2C%20N.%2C%20Manson%2C%20A.%2C%20Cromsigt%2C%20J.%20P.%20G.%20M.%2C%20Gordijn%2C%20P.%2C%20Nixon%2C%20C.%2C%20Rietkerk%2C%20M.%2C%20Thibaud%2C%20G.%2C%20Wassen%2C%20M.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Beest%2C%20M.%20te.%20%282022%29.%20Long-term%20frequent%20fires%20do%20not%20decrease%20topsoil%20carbon%20and%20nitrogen%20in%20an%20Afromontane%20grassland.%20%3Ci%3EAfrican%20Journal%20of%20Range%20%26amp%3B%20Forage%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E39%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%2044-55-44%26%23×2013%3B55.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DNZ22NWQY%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Long-term%20frequent%20fires%20do%20not%20decrease%20topsoil%20carbon%20and%20nitrogen%20in%20an%20Afromontane%20grassland%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicola%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Findlay%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Manson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joris%20P.%20G.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cromsigt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paul%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gordijn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cathy%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nixon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Max%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rietkerk%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Guy%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thibaud%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martin%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wassen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mariska%20te%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Beest%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22F3ERISX2%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-11-09T07%3A12%3A08Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22Q3D3GLES%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Gokool%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-03%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGokool%2C%20S.%2C%20Kunz%2C%20R.%20P.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Toucher%2C%20M.%20%282022%29.%20Deriving%20moderate%20spatial%20resolution%20leaf%20area%20index%20estimates%20from%20coarser%20spatial%20resolution%20satellite%20products.%20%3Ci%3ERemote%20Sensing%20Applications%3A%20Society%20and%20Environment%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20100743%26%23×2013%3B100743.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DQ3D3GLES%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Deriving%20moderate%20spatial%20resolution%20leaf%20area%20index%20estimates%20from%20coarser%20spatial%20resolution%20satellite%20products%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gokool%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kunz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Toucher%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%5C%2Fmarch%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-03T13%3A14%3A54Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%227Z4PP736%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Gokool%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-03%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGokool%2C%20S.%2C%20Kunz%2C%20R.%20P.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Toucher%2C%20M.%20%282022%29.%20Deriving%20moderate%20spatial%20resolution%20leaf%20area%20index%20estimates%20from%20coarser%20spatial%20resolution%20satellite%20products.%20%3Ci%3ERemote%20Sensing%20Applications%3A%20Society%20and%20Environment%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20100743%26%23×2013%3B100743.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D7Z4PP736%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Deriving%20moderate%20spatial%20resolution%20leaf%20area%20index%20estimates%20from%20coarser%20spatial%20resolution%20satellite%20products%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gokool%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kunz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Toucher%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%5C%2Fmarch%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22F3ERISX2%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-11-09T07%3A10%3A35Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22XLIHTGFW%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Graham%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-08%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGraham%2C%20L.%20P.%2C%20Andersson%2C%20L.%2C%20Toucher%2C%20M.%20W.%2C%20Wikner%2C%20J.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Wilk%2C%20J.%20%282022%29.%20Seasonal%20local%20rainfall%20and%20hydrological%20forecasting%20for%20Limpopo%20communities%26%23×2013%3BA%20pragmatic%20approach.%20%3Ci%3EClimate%20Services%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E27%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20100308%26%23×2013%3B100308.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DXLIHTGFW%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Seasonal%20local%20rainfall%20and%20hydrological%20forecasting%20for%20Limpopo%20communities%5Cu2013A%20pragmatic%20approach%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%20Phil%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Graham%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lotta%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Andersson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michele%20Warburton%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Toucher%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20Jacob%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wikner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Julie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wilk%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%5C%2Faugust%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22F3ERISX2%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-11-09T07%3A09%3A56Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%229UWBPSGT%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Gray%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGray%2C%20B.%20A.%2C%20Toucher%2C%20M.%20L.%2C%20Savage%2C%20M.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Clulow%2C%20A.%20D.%20%282022%29.%20Seasonal%20evapotranspiration%20over%20an%20invader%20vegetation%20%28Pteridium%20aquilinum%29%20in%20a%20degraded%20montane%20grassland%20using%20surface%20renewal.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Hydrology%3A%20Regional%20Studies%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E40%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20101012%26%23×2013%3B101012.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D9UWBPSGT%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Seasonal%20evapotranspiration%20over%20an%20invader%20vegetation%20%28Pteridium%20aquilinum%29%20in%20a%20degraded%20montane%20grassland%20using%20surface%20renewal%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gray%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Toucher%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Savage%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Clulow%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-03T13%3A22%3A10Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%226VTSC349%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Gray%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGray%2C%20B.%20A.%2C%20Toucher%2C%20M.%20L.%2C%20Savage%2C%20M.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Clulow%2C%20A.%20D.%20%282022%29.%20Seasonal%20evapotranspiration%20over%20an%20invader%20vegetation%20%28%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BPteridium%20aquilinum%26lt%3Bi%5C%2F%26gt%3B%29%20in%20a%20degraded%20montane%20grassland%20using%20surface%20renewal.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Hydrology%3A%20Regional%20Studies%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E40%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20101012%26%23×2013%3B101012.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D6VTSC349%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Seasonal%20evapotranspiration%20over%20an%20invader%20vegetation%20%28%3Ci%3EPteridium%20aquilinum%3Ci%5C%2F%3E%29%20in%20a%20degraded%20montane%20grassland%20using%20surface%20renewal%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gray%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Toucher%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Savage%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Clulow%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22F3ERISX2%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-11-09T07%3A11%3A08Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%225A56XGKV%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Gula%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-01-02%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGula%2C%20J.%2C%20Clay%20Green%2C%20M.%2C%20Fritts%2C%20S.%2C%20Dean%2C%20W.%20R.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Gopi%20Sundar%2C%20K.%20%282022%29.%20Assessments%20of%20range-wide%20distribution%20of%20six%20African%20storks%20and%20their%20relationships%20with%20protected%20areas.%20%3Ci%3EOstrich%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E93%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%2034%26%23×2013%3B52.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F00306525.2022.2045642%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F00306525.2022.2045642%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D5A56XGKV%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Assessments%20of%20range-wide%20distribution%20of%20six%20African%20storks%20and%20their%20relationships%20with%20protected%20areas%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jonah%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gula%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Clay%20Green%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sarah%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fritts%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W%20Richard%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dean%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ks%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gopi%20Sundar%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Les%20cartes%20de%20r%5Cu00e9partition%20des%20esp%5Cu00e8ces%20fournies%20par%20l%5Cu2019UICN%20et%20BirdLife%20International%20sont%20reconnues%20pour%20parfois%20mal%20caract%5Cu00e9riser%20la%20r%5Cu00e9partition%20et%20ont%20conduit%20%5Cu00e0%20des%20%5Cu00e9valuations%20inexactes%20du%20statut.%20Dans%20cette%20%5Cu00e9tude%2C%20nous%20avons%20%5Cu00e9valu%5Cu00e9%20les%20tendances%20de%20la%20distribution%20et%20les%20relations%20avec%20l%5Cu2019%5Cu00e9tendue%20des%20zones%20prot%5Cu00e9g%5Cu00e9es%20pour%20six%20cigognes%20africaines%2C%20le%20bec-ouvert%20africain%20Anastomus%20lamelligerus%2C%20la%20cigogne%20d%5Cu2019Abdim%20Ciconia%20abdimii%2C%20la%20Cigogne%20%5Cu00e0%20pattes%20noires%20microscelis%2C%20le%20Jabiru%20d%5Cu2019Afrique%20Ephippiorhynchus%20senegalensis%2C%20la%20cigogne%20marabout%20Leptoptilos%20crumenifer%20et%20le%20Tental%20ibis%20Mycteria%20ibis.%20Chacune%20de%20ces%20esp%5Cu00e8ces%20est%20peu%20%5Cu00e9tudi%5Cu00e9e%20et%20suppos%5Cu00e9e%20%5Cu00eatre%20omnipr%5Cu00e9sente%20dans%20toute%20l%5Cu2019Afrique%20sub-saharienne%2C%20et%20donc%20consid%5Cu00e9r%5Cu00e9e%20comme%20une%20pr%5Cu00e9occupation%20mineure%20sur%20la%20liste%20rouge%20de%20l%5Cu2019UICN.%20Nous%20avons%20d%5Cu00e9velopp%5Cu00e9%20des%20cartes%20de%20distribution%20empiriques%20pour%20les%20six%20esp%5Cu00e8ces%20de%20cigognes%20africaines%20en%20utilisant%20une%20pl%5Cu00e9thore%20de%20sources%20de%20donn%5Cu00e9es%20sur%20plus%20de%20150%20ans.%20Nous%20avons%20constat%5Cu00e9%20que%20les%20six%20esp%5Cu00e8ces%20%5Cu00e9taient%20r%5Cu00e9pandues%20de%20l%5Cu2019Afrique%20de%20l%5Cu2019Est%20%5Cu00e0%20l%5Cu2019Afrique%20australe%2C%20mais%20que%20leurs%20aires%20de%20r%5Cu00e9partition%20%5Cu00e9taient%20tr%5Cu00e8s%20fragment%5Cu00e9es%20en%20Afrique%20de%20l%5Cu2019Ouest.%20Les%20populations%20d%5Cu2019Afrique%20de%20l%5Cu2019Ouest%20ont%20diminu%5Cu00e9%20ou%20ont%20disparu%20depuis%20les%20ann%5Cu00e9es%201960.%20Les%20pays%20qui%20ont%20besoin%20d%5Cu2019une%20meilleure%20couverture%20de%20terrain%20sont%20l%5Cu2019Angola%2C%20la%20R%5Cu00e9publique%20d%5Cu00e9mocratique%20du%20Congo%2C%20la%20Somalie%2C%20le%20Sud-Soudan%2C%20le%20Soudan%20et%20le%20Zimbabwe.%20Pour%20chaque%20esp%5Cu00e8ce%2C%20il%20y%20avait%20une%20relation%20positive%20entre%20l%5Cu2019occurrence%20et%20l%5Cu2019%5Cu00e9tendue%20des%20zones%20prot%5Cu00e9g%5Cu00e9es%2C%20ce%20qui%20sugg%5Cu00e8re%20que%20l%5Cu2019habitat%20prot%5Cu00e9g%5Cu00e9%20est%20important%20pour%20les%20cigognes%20ou%20que%20les%20zones%20non%20prot%5Cu00e9g%5Cu00e9es%20sont%20mal%20couvertes%20sur%20le%20terrain.%20Nous%20%5Cu00e9valuons%20le%20statut%20de%20l%5Cu2019esp%5Cu00e8ce%20sur%20la%20base%20des%20nouvelles%20informations%20recueillies%20et%20recommandons%20de%20relever%20le%20statut%20global%20du%20bec-ouvert%20africain%20au%20statut%20de%20quasi-menac%5Cu00e9%20et%20les%20populations%20ouest-africaines%20du%20bec-ouvert%20africain%2C%20du%20Marabout%20d%5Cu2019Afrique%20et%20du%20Tental%20Ibis%20au%20statut%20de%20menac%5Cu00e9.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022-01-02%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.2989%5C%2F00306525.2022.2045642%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220030-6525%2C%201727-947X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Ffull%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F00306525.2022.2045642%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22CM9YQJBN%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-03-17T07%3A33%3A23Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22MHYZUADB%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Harrison%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHarrison%2C%20R.%20L.%2C%20van%20Tol%2C%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Toucher%2C%20M.%20L.%20%282022%29.%20Using%20hydropedological%20characteristics%20to%20improve%20modelling%20accuracy%20in%20Afromontane%20catchments.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Hydrology%3A%20Regional%20Studies%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E39%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20100986%26%23×2013%3B100986.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.ejrh.2021.100986%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.ejrh.2021.100986%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DMHYZUADB%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Using%20hydropedological%20characteristics%20to%20improve%20modelling%20accuracy%20in%20Afromontane%20catchments%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rowena%20Louise%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Harrison%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Johan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22van%20Tol%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michele%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Toucher%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%5C%2Fjanuary%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.ejrh.2021.100986%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-03T13%3A14%3A55Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22434LX3Z6%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Harrison%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-02%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHarrison%2C%20R.%20L.%2C%20van%20Tol%2C%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Toucher%2C%20M.%20L.%20%282022%29.%20Using%20hydropedological%20characteristics%20to%20improve%20modelling%20accuracy%20in%20Afromontane%20catchments.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Hydrology%3A%20Regional%20Studies%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E39%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20100986%26%23×2013%3B100986.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.ejrh.2021.100986%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.ejrh.2021.100986%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D434LX3Z6%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Using%20hydropedological%20characteristics%20to%20improve%20modelling%20accuracy%20in%20Afromontane%20catchments%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rowena%20Louise%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Harrison%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Johan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22van%20Tol%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michele%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Toucher%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%5C%2Ffebruary%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.ejrh.2021.100986%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-01-10T11%3A41%3A45Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22LZJGWLKQ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Harrison%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHarrison%2C%20R.%20L.%2C%20van%20Tol%2C%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Toucher%2C%20M.%20L.%20%282022%29.%20Using%20hydropedological%20characteristics%20to%20improve%20modelling%20accuracy%20in%20Afromontane%20catchments.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Hydrology%3A%20Regional%20Studies%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E39%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20100986%26%23×2013%3B100986.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.ejrh.2021.100986%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.ejrh.2021.100986%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DLZJGWLKQ%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Using%20hydropedological%20characteristics%20to%20improve%20modelling%20accuracy%20in%20Afromontane%20catchments%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rowena%20Louise%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Harrison%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Johan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22van%20Tol%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michele%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Toucher%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%5C%2Fjanuary%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.ejrh.2021.100986%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22F3ERISX2%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-11-09T07%3A11%3A00Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22D4FDJCQS%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Harrison%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-10%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHarrison%2C%20R.%2C%20von%20Tol%20Johan%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Suchet%2C%20P.%20A.%20%282022%29.%20Hydropedological%20characteristics%20of%20the%20Cathedral%20Peak%20research%20catchments.%20%3Ci%3EHydrology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E9%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%28189%29%2C%201-20-1%26%23×2013%3B20.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DD4FDJCQS%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Hydropedological%20characteristics%20of%20the%20Cathedral%20Peak%20research%20catchments%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rowena%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Harrison%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22von%20Tol%20Johan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Philippe%20Amiotte%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Suchet%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%5C%2Foctober%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22F3ERISX2%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-11-09T07%3A10%3A08Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22DFVSN8QM%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Haupt%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHaupt%2C%20T.%2C%20Ceasar%2C%20J.%2C%20Stefanoudis%2C%20P.%2C%20von%20der%20Meden%2C%20C.%2C%20Payne%2C%20R.%2C%20Adams%2C%20L.%2C%20Anders%2C%20D.%2C%20Bernard%2C%20A.%2C%20Coetzer%2C%20W.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Florence%2C%20W.%20%282022%29.%20The%20WIO%20Regional%20Benthic%20Imagery%20Workshop%3A%20Lessons%20from%20past%20IIOE-2%20expeditions.%20%3Ci%3EResearch%20Ideas%20and%20Outcomes%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E8%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20e81563.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DDFVSN8QM%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20WIO%20Regional%20Benthic%20Imagery%20Workshop%3A%20Lessons%20from%20past%20IIOE-2%20expeditions%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tanya%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Haupt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jamie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ceasar%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paris%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stefanoudis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Charles%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22von%20der%20Meden%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Robyn%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Payne%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Luther%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Adams%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Darrell%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Anders%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anthony%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bernard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Willem%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Coetzer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wayne%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Florence%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222367-7163%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BGDWYJZJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-04-06T07%3A25%3A59Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22GWCHGXHE%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Henschel%20and%20Maggs-K%5Cu00f6lling%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHenschel%2C%20J.%20R.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Maggs-K%26%23xF6%3Blling%2C%20G.%20%282022%29.%20%3Ci%3ENamibia%20Scientific%20Society%20and%20Gobabeb%3A%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%3Ci%3E69%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DGWCHGXHE%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Namibia%20Scientific%20Society%20and%20Gobabeb%3A%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joh%20R%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Henschel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gillian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maggs-K%5Cu00f6lling%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%2060th%20anniversary%20of%20the%20Gobabeb%5Cu2013Namib%20Research%20Institute%20is%20an%20opportune%20time%20to%20look%20back%20on%20Gobabeb%5Cu2019s%20institutional%20development%20and%20accomplishments%20and%20to%20look%20forward%20to%20future%20directions.%20Here%20we%20present%20a%20synopsis%20of%20the%20finding%20and%20founding%20of%20Gobabeb%3B%20the%20building%20of%20its%20research%20and%20training%20platforms%3B%20the%20reframing%20and%20transformation%20of%20the%20institution%20following%20Namibian%20independence%2C%20establishing%20the%20diverse%20funding%20to%20secure%20its%20future%20as%20a%20thriving%20research%20institution%3B%20and%20the%20development%20of%20relevant%20linkages%20and%20science%20networks%2C%20including%20the%20relationship%20to%20the%20Namibia%20Scientific%20Society.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22CM9YQJBN%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-03-17T07%3A33%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%225Z7TNQBV%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Henschel%20and%20Wassenaar%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHenschel%2C%20J.%20R.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Wassenaar%2C%20T.%20D.%20%282022%29.%20%3Ci%3ETenebrionid%20Beetle%20Diversity%20Increases%20with%20Aridity%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ci%3E69%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D5Z7TNQBV%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Tenebrionid%20Beetle%20Diversity%20Increases%20with%20Aridity%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joh%20R%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Henschel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Theo%20D%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wassenaar%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22CM9YQJBN%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-03-17T07%3A33%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22N72FNYLC%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Holman%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-03-14%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHolman%2C%20L.%20E.%2C%20Parker-Nance%2C%20S.%2C%20de%20Bruyn%2C%20M.%2C%20Creer%2C%20S.%2C%20Carvalho%2C%20G.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Rius%2C%20M.%20%282022%29.%20Managing%20human-mediated%20range%20shifts%3A%20understanding%20spatial%2C%20temporal%20and%20genetic%20variation%20in%20marine%20non-native%20species.%20%3Ci%3EPhilosophical%20Transactions%20of%20the%20Royal%20Society%20B%3A%20Biological%20Sciences%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E377%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281846%29%2C%2020210025.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1098%5C%2Frstb.2021.0025%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1098%5C%2Frstb.2021.0025%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DN72FNYLC%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Managing%20human-mediated%20range%20shifts%3A%20understanding%20spatial%2C%20temporal%20and%20genetic%20variation%20in%20marine%20non-native%20species%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Luke%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Holman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Shirley%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Parker-Nance%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mark%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22de%20Bruyn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Simon%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Creer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gary%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Carvalho%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marc%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rius%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20use%20of%20molecular%20tools%20to%20manage%20natural%20resources%20is%20increasingly%20common.%20However%2C%20DNA-based%20methods%20are%20seldom%20used%20to%20understand%20the%20spatial%20and%20temporal%20dynamics%20of%20species%27%20range%20shifts.%20This%20is%20important%20when%20managing%20range%20shifting%20species%20such%20as%20non-native%20species%20%28NNS%29%2C%20which%20can%20have%20negative%20impacts%20on%20biotic%20communities.%20Here%2C%20we%20investigated%20the%20ascidian%20NNS%20Ciona%20robusta%2C%20Clavelina%20lepadiformis%2C%20Microcosmus%20squamiger%20and%20Styela%20plicata%20using%20a%20combined%20methodological%20approach.%20We%20first%20conducted%20non-molecular%20biodiversity%20surveys%20for%20these%20NNS%20along%20the%20South%20African%20coastline%2C%20and%20compared%20the%20results%20with%20historical%20surveys.%20We%20detected%20no%20consistent%20change%20in%20range%20size%20across%20species%2C%20with%20some%20displaying%20range%20stability%20and%20others%20showing%20range%20shifts.%20We%20then%20sequenced%20a%20section%20of%20cytochrome%20c%20oxidase%20subunit%20I%20%28COI%29%20from%20tissue%20samples%20and%20found%20genetic%20differences%20along%20the%20coastline%20but%20no%20change%20over%20recent%20times.%20Finally%2C%20we%20found%20that%20environmental%20DNA%20metabarcoding%20data%20showed%20broad%20congruence%20with%20both%20the%20biodiversity%20survey%20and%20the%20COI%20datasets%2C%20but%20failed%20to%20capture%20the%20complete%20incidence%20of%20all%20NNS.%20Overall%2C%20we%20demonstrated%20how%20a%20combined%20methodological%20approach%20can%20effectively%20detect%20spatial%20and%20temporal%20variation%20in%20genetic%20composition%20and%20range%20size%2C%20which%20is%20key%20for%20managing%20both%20thriving%20NNS%20and%20threatened%20species.%5Cn%5CnThis%20article%20is%20part%20of%20the%20theme%20issue%20%5Cu2018Species%5Cu2019%20ranges%20in%20the%20face%20of%20changing%20environments%20%28part%20I%29%5Cu2019.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022-03-14%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1098%5C%2Frstb.2021.0025%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Froyalsocietypublishing.org%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1098%5C%2Frstb.2021.0025%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2285DCE2P4%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-26T11%3A13%3A17Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22TFG4JZ8Z%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Holness%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-07-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHolness%2C%20S.%20D.%2C%20Harris%2C%20L.%20R.%2C%20Chalmers%2C%20R.%2C%20De%20Vos%2C%20D.%2C%20Goodall%2C%20V.%2C%20Truter%2C%20H.%2C%20Oosthuizen%2C%20A.%2C%20Bernard%2C%20A.%20T.%20F.%2C%20Cowley%2C%20P.%20D.%2C%20da%20Silva%2C%20C.%2C%20Dicken%2C%20M.%2C%20Edwards%2C%20L.%2C%20Marchand%2C%20G.%2C%20Martin%2C%20P.%2C%20Murray%2C%20T.%20S.%2C%20Parkinson%2C%20M.%20C.%2C%20Pattrick%2C%20P.%2C%20Pichegru%2C%20L.%2C%20Pistorius%2C%20P.%2C%20%26%23×2026%3B%20Lombard%2C%20A.%20T.%20%282022%29.%20Using%20systematic%20conservation%20planning%20to%20align%20priority%20areas%20for%20biodiversity%20and%20nature-based%20activities%20in%20marine%20spatial%20planning%3A%20A%20real-world%20application%20in%20contested%20marine%20space.%20%3Ci%3EBiological%20Conservation%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E271%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20109574.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.biocon.2022.109574%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.biocon.2022.109574%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DTFG4JZ8Z%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Using%20systematic%20conservation%20planning%20to%20align%20priority%20areas%20for%20biodiversity%20and%20nature-based%20activities%20in%20marine%20spatial%20planning%3A%20A%20real-world%20application%20in%20contested%20marine%20space%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stephen%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Holness%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Linda%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Harris%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Russell%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chalmers%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Deidre%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22De%20Vos%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Victoria%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Goodall%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hannah%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Truter%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22An%5Cu00e9%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Oosthuizen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anthony%20T.%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bernard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paul%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cowley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Charlene%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22da%20Silva%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Matthew%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dicken%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lloyd%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Edwards%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gordon%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Marchand%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paul%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Martin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Taryn%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Murray%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Matthew%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Parkinson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paula%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pattrick%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lorien%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pichegru%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pierre%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pistorius%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Warwick%20H.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sauer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Malcolme%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Smale%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andr%5Cu00e9a%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thiebault%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Amanda%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lombard%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22To%20support%20sustainable%20growth%20of%20ocean-based%20economies%2C%20many%20countries%20are%20engaging%20in%20marine%20spatial%20planning%20%28MSP%29%20processes%2C%20which%20require%20robust%20decision-support%20tools.%20Systematic%20conservation%20planning%20%28SCP%29%20is%20commonly%20used%20in%20decision-making%20to%20guide%20spatially%20efficient%20protected%20area%20expansion.%20Here%20we%20contend%20that%20SCP%20can%20also%20be%20used%20to%20streamline%20MSP%20negotiations%20by%20developing%20a%20coherent%2C%20integrated%20portfolio%20of%20sites%20for%20multiple%20sectors%20that%20depend%20on%20biodiversity%20being%20maintained%20in%20a%20good%20state%2C%20as%20a%20counterpoint%20to%20spatial%20priorities%20for%20those%20commercial%20and%20industrial%20activities%20that%20have%20negative%20environmental%20impacts.%20We%20demonstrate%20this%20in%20Algoa%20Bay%2C%20South%20Africa%2C%20given%20the%20social-ecological%20complexity%20of%20the%20bay%2C%20and%20its%20central%20location%20in%20the%20first%20national%20MSP%20process.%20In%20anticipation%20of%20this%20national%20process%2C%20a%20civil-society-led%20Community%20of%20Practice%20was%20established%20with%20a%20core%20team%20to%20lead%20stakeholder%20engagement%2C%20data%20acquisition%20and%20management%2C%20and%20SCP%20analyses.%20More%20than%20500%20stakeholders%20participated%20in%20the%20project%20and%20many%20contributed%20spatial%20data%20or%20engaged%20in%20expert-based%20participatory%20mapping.%20Spatial%20products%20were%20supplemented%20with%20existing%2C%20published%20datasets.%20Altogether%2C%20conservation%20targets%20were%20set%20for%20115%20biodiversity%20features%20and%2022%20nature-based%20activities%2C%20with%20the%20cost%20layer%20built%20from%20data%20on%2010%20commercial%20and%20industrial%20activities%2C%20cumulative%20pressures%20%28n%5Cu00a0%3D%5Cu00a031%29%20on%20ecosystems%2C%20and%20planning-unit%20area.%20All%20targets%20were%20met%20in%2015%25%20of%20the%20study%20area%2C%20of%20which%20only%20a%20third%20%284%25%29%20was%20outside%20of%20marine%20protected%20areas%2C%20demonstrating%20that%20it%20is%20possible%20to%20align%20multi-sector%20priorities%20for%20intact%20biodiversity.%20This%20approach%20can%20be%20widely%20applied%20in%20MSP%20to%20support%20sustainable%20ocean%20economies.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022-07-01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.biocon.2022.109574%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220006-3207%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%5C%2Fscience%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0006320722001276%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2285DCE2P4%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-26T11%3A19%3A30Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22XR8GF7UR%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Huggett%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-11-30%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHuggett%2C%20J.%20A.%2C%20Groeneveld%2C%20J.%20C.%2C%20Singh%2C%20S.%20P.%2C%20Willows-Munro%2C%20S.%2C%20Govender%2C%20A.%2C%20Cedras%2C%20R.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Deyzel%2C%20S.%20H.%20P.%20%282022%29.%20Metabarcoding%20of%20zooplankton%20to%20derive%20indicators%20of%20pelagic%20ecosystem%20status.%20%3Ci%3ESouth%20African%20Journal%20of%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E118%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2811%5C%2F12%29.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.17159%5C%2Fsajs.2022%5C%2F12977%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.17159%5C%2Fsajs.2022%5C%2F12977%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DXR8GF7UR%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Metabarcoding%20of%20zooplankton%20to%20derive%20indicators%20of%20pelagic%20ecosystem%20status%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jenny%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Huggett%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Johan%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Groeneveld%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sohana%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Singh%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sandi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Willows-Munro%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ashrenee%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Govender%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Riaan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cedras%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Shaun%20H.%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deyzel%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Zooplankton%20play%20a%20key%20role%20in%20marine%20food%20webs%20and%20carbon%20cycling%20and%20are%20useful%20indicators%20of%20climaterelated%20changes%20and%20ocean%20health%20in%20pelagic%20ecosystems.%20Zooplankton%20are%20traditionally%20identified%20to%20species%20through%20microscopy%2C%20but%20new%20molecular%20techniques%20have%20enabled%20the%20identification%20of%20individual%20specimens%20%28DNA%20barcoding%29%20or%20multiple%20species%20in%20the%20same%20sample%20%28DNA%20metabarcoding%29.%20Metabarcoding%20has%20been%20tested%20and%20refined%20using%20zooplankton%20collected%20in%20South%20African%20waters%20for%20the%20first%20time.%20Challenges%20to%20the%20implementation%20of%20DNA-based%20methods%20to%20measure%20zooplankton%20biodiversity%20easily%20and%20routinely%20include%20an%20incomplete%20DNA%20barcode%20reference%20library%2C%20logistical%20complexity%20and%20uptake%20of%20the%20new%20technology%20by%20environmental%20management%20agencies.%20These%20challenges%20call%20for%20a%20national%20effort%20to%20intensify%20zooplankton%20barcoding%20initiatives%20and%20to%20effectively%20engage%20stakeholders%20in%20developing%20a%20roadmap%20towards%20application%20of%20DNA-based%20methods%20in%20marine%20environmental%20management.%5CnSignificance%3A%5Cn%5CnMetabarcoding%20has%20been%20successfully%20applied%20to%20marine%20zooplankton%20for%20the%20first%20time%20in%20South%20Africa%2C%20demonstrating%20its%20potential%20as%20a%20tool%20to%20generate%20ecosystem%20indicators%20during%20routine%20ocean%20observations.%5CnNational%20barcoding%20efforts%20must%20be%20intensified%20to%20provide%20a%20comprehensive%20reference%20library%20of%20zooplankton%20DNA.%5CnEffective%20engagement%20with%20stakeholders%20is%20required%20to%20overcome%20logistical%20and%20policy%20challenges%2C%20and%20to%20provide%20a%20roadmap%20towards%20application%20of%20DNA-based%20methods%20in%20marine%20environmental%20management.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022-11-30%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.17159%5C%2Fsajs.2022%5C%2F12977%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221996-7489%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fsajs.co.za%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fview%5C%2F12977%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2285DCE2P4%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-11-30T13%3A18%3A01Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22W7NEGKXV%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Human%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-10-10%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHuman%2C%20L.%20R.%20D.%2C%20Els%2C%20J.%2C%20Wasserman%2C%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Adams%2C%20J.%20B.%20%282022%29.%20Blue%20carbon%20and%20nutrient%20stocks%20in%20salt%20marsh%20and%20seagrass%20from%20an%20urban%20African%20estuary.%20%3Ci%3EScience%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E842%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20156955.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.scitotenv.2022.156955%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.scitotenv.2022.156955%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DW7NEGKXV%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Blue%20carbon%20and%20nutrient%20stocks%20in%20salt%20marsh%20and%20seagrass%20from%20an%20urban%20African%20estuary%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lucienne%20R.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Human%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jessica%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Els%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Johan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wasserman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Janine%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Adams%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Halophytes%20in%20estuaries%20are%20effective%20sinks%20of%20carbon%2C%20nitrogen%2C%20and%20phosphorus.%20Blue%20carbon%20%28BC%29%20is%20carbon%20stored%20in%20coastal%20habitats%20such%20as%20mangroves%2C%20salt%20marshes%20and%20seagrass.%20The%20objectives%20of%20this%20study%20were%20to%20firstly%20assess%20the%20biomass%20and%20sediment%20C%20stocks%20in%20salt%20marsh%20%28Spartina%20maritima%20and%20Salicornia%20tegetaria%29%20and%20seagrass%20%28Zostera%20capensis%29%20habitats%20of%20the%20Swartkops%20Estuary%2C%20South%20Africa.%20Secondly%2C%20we%20applied%20the%20nutrient%20pollutant%20indicator%20%28NPI%29%20to%20assess%20the%20nutrient%20status%20of%20the%20estuary.%20Six%20replicate%20sediment%20cores%20of%201%20m%20%28summer%29%20and%200.5%20m%20%28winter%29%20per%20plant%20species%20were%20collected%20at%20six%20sites.%20Six%20replicates%20for%20biomass%20of%20each%20species%20were%20harvested%20at%20each%20site%20during%20summer%20and%20winter.%20Biomass%20and%20nutrient%20dynamics%20showed%20that%20there%20were%20distinct%20seasonal%20differences%20in%20the%20magnitude%20of%20C%2C%20N%2C%20and%20P%20stored%20in%20the%20plants.%20The%20sediment%20was%20the%20dominant%20C%20pool%20and%20differed%20spatially%20with%20creek%20sites%20storing%20more%20C.%20Out%20of%20the%20three%20species%2C%20S.%20maritima%20stored%20the%20most%20C%20%28224%20%5Cu00b1%2019.1%20Mg%20C%20ha%5Cu22121%20in%20sediment%2C%2016.7%20%5Cu00b1%201.2%20Mg%20C%20ha%5Cu22121%20in%20biomass%29%2C%20followed%20by%20S.%20tegetaria%20%28207%20%5Cu00b1%203.5%20Mg%20C%20ha%5Cu22121%20in%20sediment%2C%204.3%20%5Cu00b1%200.4%20Mg%20C%20ha%5Cu22121%20in%20biomass%29%20and%20Z.%20capensis%20%28180%20%5Cu00b1%2018.4%20Mg%20C%20ha%5Cu22121%20in%20sediment%2C%202.1%20%5Cu00b1%200.7%20Mg%20C%20ha%5Cu22121%20in%20biomass%29.%20The%20N%3Abiomass%20ratios%20were%20low%20in%20both%20seasons%20for%20Z.%20capensis%2C%20S.%20maritima%20and%20S.%20tegetaria%20%280.08%2C%200.02%20and%200.04%2C%20respectively%29%20indicating%20consistent%20eutrophic%20conditions%20in%20the%20estuary.%20Resultantly%2C%20the%20plants%20displayed%20a%20significantly%20lower%20below-ground%20standing%20biomass%20highlighting%20the%20potential%20variations%20of%20BC%20storage%20in%20eutrophic%20estuaries.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022-10-10%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.scitotenv.2022.156955%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220048-9697%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%5C%2Fscience%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0048969722040529%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2285DCE2P4%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-09-16T12%3A24%3A19Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22RV8UDPG7%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Kellner%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EKellner%2C%20K.%2C%20Fouche%2C%20J.%2C%20Tongway%2C%20D.%2C%20Boneschans%2C%20R.%2C%20van%20Coller%2C%20H.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20van%20Staden%2C%20N.%20%282022%29.%20Landscape%20Function%20Analysis%3A%20Responses%20to%20Bush%20Encroachment%5Cnin%20a%20Semi-Arid%20Savanna%20in%20the%20Molopo%20Region%2C%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3ESustainability%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E14%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%288161%29.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2Fhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3390%5C%2Fsu14148616%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2Fhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3390%5C%2Fsu14148616%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DRV8UDPG7%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Landscape%20Function%20Analysis%3A%20Responses%20to%20Bush%20Encroachment%5Cnin%20a%20Semi-Arid%20Savanna%20in%20the%20Molopo%20Region%2C%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kellner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fouche%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tongway%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Boneschans%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22van%20Coller%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22N%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22van%20Staden%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3390%5C%2Fsu14148616%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%228VPML3VD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-06-07T10%3A11%3A41Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22FET3QHKH%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Kremer-K%5Cu00f6hne%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EKremer-K%26%23xF6%3Bhne%2C%20S.%2C%20Thompson%2C%20D.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Witkowski%2C%20E.%20%282022%29.%20Vegetation%20structure%20and%20composition%20associated%20with%20Aloe%20lettyae%20in%20dwindling%20grassland%20fragments%3A%20Fine-scale%20baseline%20data%20to%20underpin%20conservation%20efforts.%20%3Ci%3ESouth%20African%20Journal%20of%20Botany%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E147%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%201156%26%23×2013%3B1163.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2Fhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.sajb.2022.02.010%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2Fhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.sajb.2022.02.010%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DFET3QHKH%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Vegetation%20structure%20and%20composition%20associated%20with%20Aloe%20lettyae%20in%20dwindling%20grassland%20fragments%3A%20Fine-scale%20baseline%20data%20to%20underpin%20conservation%20efforts%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kremer-K%5Cu00f6hne%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22DI%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thompson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22ETF%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Witkowski%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.sajb.2022.02.010%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%228VPML3VD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-06-06T10%3A53%3A03Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22S7IWF9LQ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Lemley%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-10-26%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELemley%2C%20D.%20A.%2C%20Human%2C%20L.%20R.%20D.%2C%20Rishworth%2C%20G.%20M.%2C%20Whitfield%2C%20E.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Adams%2C%20J.%20B.%20%282022%29.%20Managing%20the%20Seemingly%20Unmanageable%3A%20Water%20Quality%20and%20Phytoplankton%20Dynamics%20in%20a%20Heavily%20Urbanised%20Low-Inflow%20Estuary.%20%3Ci%3EEstuaries%20and%20Coasts%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs12237-022-01128-z%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs12237-022-01128-z%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DS7IWF9LQ%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Managing%20the%20Seemingly%20Unmanageable%3A%20Water%20Quality%20and%20Phytoplankton%20Dynamics%20in%20a%20Heavily%20Urbanised%20Low-Inflow%20Estuary%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Daniel%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lemley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lucienne%20R.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Human%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gavin%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rishworth%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Emily%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Whitfield%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Janine%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Adams%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Anthropogenic%20nutrient%20loading%20from%20urbanised%20coastal%20watersheds%20can%20negatively%20impact%20downstream%20estuarine%20ecosystems.%20The%20urbanised%20and%20low-inflow%20Swartkops%20Estuary%20in%20South%20Africa%20is%20one%20such%20example%20of%20an%20ecosystem%20suffering%20severe%20anthropogenic%20water%20quality%20alterations.%20Substantial%20inorganic%20nutrient%20loads%20%28209%20kg%20DIN%20d%5Cu22121%3B%20127%20kg%20DIP%20d%5Cu22121%29%20are%20discharged%20into%20the%20estuary%20from%20three%20upstream%20wastewater%20treatment%20works%20and%20an%20adjacent%20stormwater%20canal.%20As%20a%20result%2C%20previous%20studies%20have%20indicated%20an%20increasing%20frequency%20and%20magnitude%20of%20phytoplankton%20bloom%20conditions%20%28%3E%2020%20%5Cu00b5g%20Chl-a%20l%5Cu22121%29%2C%20yet%20the%20determinants%20of%20this%20are%20not%20fully%20understood.%20As%20such%2C%20the%20drivers%20of%20phytoplankton%20community%20dynamics%5Cu2013including%20harmful%20algal%20blooms%20%28HABs%29%5Cu2013in%20the%20Swartkops%20Estuary%20were%20evaluated%20by%20investigating%20seasonal%20and%20twice-weekly%20data%20collected%20over%20a%20two-and-a-half-year%20period.%20Eutrophic%20levels%20of%20dissolved%20inorganic%20nitrogen%20%28DIN%3A%20%3E%20100%20%5Cu00b5M%29%20and%20phosphorus%20%28DIP%3A%20%3E%2085%20%5Cu00b5M%29%20entered%20the%20estuary%20throughout%20the%20study%20period.%20Despite%20low%20DIN%3ADIP%20ratios%20%28%3C%201%3A1%29%2C%20high-biomass%20HABs%20of%20Heterosigma%20akashiwo%20%28max.%202120%20%5Cu00b5g%20Chl-a%20l%5Cu22121%29%20and%20Cyclotella%20sp.%20%28max.%20687%20%5Cu00b5g%20Chl-a%20l%5Cu22121%29%20were%20frequently%20recorded%20in%20the%20meso-%20to%20polyhaline%20%28salinity%3A%205%5Cu201323%29%20middle%20and%20upper%20reaches.%20These%20events%20facilitate%20extreme%20dissolved%20oxygen%20conditions%20%28supersaturated%20to%20hypoxic%29%2C%20increased%20turbidity%2C%20and%20occasional%20mass%20fish%20mortality%20events.%20This%20shift%20to%20an%20undesirable%20alternate%20stable%20state%20is%20attributed%20to%20the%20synergistic%20interaction%20between%20drought%20conditions%2C%20altered%20hydrodynamics%2C%20and%20anthropogenic%20nutrient%20loading.%20Innovative%20management%20interventions%20%28e.g.%20wastewater%20reclamation%2C%20constructed%20wetlands%2C%20dual%20nutrient%20reduction%20strategies%29%20are%20required%20to%20reduce%20the%20severity%20of%20these%20eutrophic%20symptoms.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022-10-26%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs12237-022-01128-z%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221559-2731%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs12237-022-01128-z%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2285DCE2P4%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-11-28T08%3A01%3A45Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22N526AHBA%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Maestre%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-11-24%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EMaestre%2C%20F.%20T.%2C%20Eldridge%2C%20D.%20J.%2C%20Gross%2C%20N.%2C%20Le%20Bagousse-Pinguet%2C%20Y.%2C%20Saiz%2C%20H.%2C%20Gozalo%2C%20B.%2C%20Ochoa%2C%20V.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Gait%26%23xE1%3Bn%2C%20J.%20J.%20%282022%29.%20The%20BIODESERT%20survey%3A%20assessing%20the%20impacts%20of%20grazing%20on%20the%20structure%20and%20functioning%20of%20global%20drylands.%20%3Ci%3EWeb%20Ecology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E22%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%2075%26%23×2013%3B96.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.5194%5C%2Fwe-22-75-2022%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.5194%5C%2Fwe-22-75-2022%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DN526AHBA%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20BIODESERT%20survey%3A%20assessing%20the%20impacts%20of%20grazing%20on%20the%20structure%20and%20functioning%20of%20global%20drylands%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fernando%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maestre%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Eldridge%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicolas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gross%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yoann%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Le%20Bagousse-Pinguet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hugo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Saiz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Beatriz%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gozalo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Victoria%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ochoa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Juan%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gait%5Cu00e1n%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%20class%3D%5C%22journal-contentHeaderColor%5C%22%3EAbstract.%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%20Grazing%20by%20domestic%20livestock%20is%20both%20the%20main%20land%20use%20across%20drylands%20worldwide%20and%20a%20major%20desertification%20and%20global%20change%20driver.%20The%20ecological%20consequences%20of%20this%20key%20human%20activity%20have%20been%20studied%20for%20decades%2C%20and%20there%20is%20a%20wealth%20of%20information%20on%20its%20impacts%20on%20biodiversity%20and%20ecosystem%20processes.%20However%2C%20most%20field%20assessments%20of%20the%20ecological%20impacts%20of%20grazing%20on%20drylands%20conducted%20to%20date%20have%20been%20carried%20out%20at%20local%20or%20regional%20scales%20and%20have%20focused%20on%20single%20ecosystem%20attributes%20%28e.g.%2C%20plant%20productivity%29%20or%20particular%20taxa%20%28mainly%20aboveground%2C%20e.g.%2C%20plants%29.%20Here%20we%20introduce%20the%20BIODESERT%20survey%2C%20the%20first%20systematic%20field%20survey%20devoted%20to%20evaluating%20the%20joint%20impacts%20of%20grazing%20by%20domestic%20livestock%20and%20climate%20on%20the%20structure%20and%20functioning%20of%20dryland%20ecosystems%20worldwide.%20This%20collaborative%20global%20survey%20was%20carried%20out%20between%202016%20and%202019%20and%20has%20involved%20the%20collection%20of%20field%20data%20and%20plant%2C%20biocrust%2C%20and%20soil%20samples%20from%20a%20total%20of%20326%2045%20m%20%3Cspan%20class%3D%5C%22inline-formula%5C%22%3E%5Cu00d7%3C%5C%2Fspan%3E%2045%20m%20plots%20from%2098%20sites%20located%20in%2025%20countries%20from%206%20continents.%20Here%20we%20describe%20the%20major%20characteristics%20and%20the%20field%20protocols%20used%20in%20this%20survey.%20We%20also%20introduce%20the%20organizational%20aspects%20followed%2C%20as%20these%20can%20be%20helpful%20to%20everyone%20wishing%20to%20establish%20a%20global%20collaborative%20network%20of%20researchers.%20The%20BIODESERT%20survey%20provides%20baseline%20data%20to%20assess%20the%20current%20status%20of%20dryland%20rangelands%20worldwide%20and%20the%20impacts%20of%20grazing%20on%20these%20key%20ecosystems%2C%20and%20it%20constitutes%20a%20good%20example%20of%20the%20power%20of%20collaborative%20research%20networks%20to%20study%20the%20ecology%20of%20our%20planet%20using%20much-needed%20field%20data.%3C%5C%2Fp%3E%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%5C%2F11%5C%2F24%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.5194%5C%2Fwe-22-75-2022%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222193-3081%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe.copernicus.org%5C%2Farticles%5C%2F22%5C%2F75%5C%2F2022%5C%2F%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%228VPML3VD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-11-25T07%3A50%3A44Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%229GV9IEU6%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Maestre%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-11-25%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EMaestre%2C%20F.%20T.%2C%20Le%20Bagousse-Pinguet%2C%20Y.%2C%20Delgado-Baquerizo%2C%20M.%2C%20Eldridge%2C%20D.%20J.%2C%20Saiz%2C%20H.%2C%20Berdugo%2C%20M.%2C%20Gozalo%2C%20B.%2C%20Ochoa%2C%20V.%2C%20Guirado%2C%20E.%2C%20Garc%26%23xED%3Ba-G%26%23xF3%3Bmez%2C%20M.%2C%20Valencia%2C%20E.%2C%20Gait%26%23xE1%3Bn%2C%20J.%20J.%2C%20Asensio%2C%20S.%2C%20Mendoza%2C%20B.%20J.%2C%20Plaza%2C%20C.%2C%20D%26%23xED%3Baz-Mart%26%23xED%3Bnez%2C%20P.%2C%20Rey%2C%20A.%2C%20Hu%2C%20H.-W.%2C%20He%2C%20J.-Z.%2C%20%26%23×2026%3B%20Gross%2C%20N.%20%282022%29.%20Grazing%20and%20ecosystem%20service%20delivery%20in%20global%20drylands.%20%3Ci%3EScience%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E378%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%286622%29%2C%20915%26%23×2013%3B920.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1126%5C%2Fscience.abq4062%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1126%5C%2Fscience.abq4062%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D9GV9IEU6%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Grazing%20and%20ecosystem%20service%20delivery%20in%20global%20drylands%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fernando%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maestre%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yoann%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Le%20Bagousse-Pinguet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Manuel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Delgado-Baquerizo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Eldridge%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hugo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Saiz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Miguel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Berdugo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Beatriz%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gozalo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Victoria%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ochoa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Emilio%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Guirado%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Miguel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Garc%5Cu00eda-G%5Cu00f3mez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Enrique%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Valencia%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Juan%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gait%5Cu00e1n%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sergio%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Asensio%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Betty%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mendoza%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C%5Cu00e9sar%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Plaza%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paloma%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22D%5Cu00edaz-Mart%5Cu00ednez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ana%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rey%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hang-Wei%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ji-Zheng%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22He%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jun-Tao%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anika%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lehmann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Matthias%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rillig%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Simone%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cesarz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nico%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Eisenhauer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jaime%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mart%5Cu00ednez-Valderrama%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eduardo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moreno-Jim%5Cu00e9nez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Osvaldo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sala%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mehdi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Abedi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Negar%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ahmadian%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Concepci%5Cu00f3n%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Alados%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Valeria%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Aramayo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fateh%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Amghar%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tulio%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Arredondo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rodrigo%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ahumada%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Khadijeh%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bahalkeh%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Farah%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ben%20Salem%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Niels%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Blaum%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bazartseren%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Boldgiv%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Matthew%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bowker%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Donaldo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bran%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chongfeng%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rafaella%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Canessa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrea%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Castillo-Monroy%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Helena%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Castro%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ignacio%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Castro%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Patricio%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Castro-Quezada%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Roukaya%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chibani%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Abel%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Concei%5Cu00e7%5Cu00e3o%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Courtney%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Currier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anthony%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Darrouzet-Nardi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bal%5Cu00e1zs%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22De%5Cu00e1k%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Donoso%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dougill%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jorge%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dur%5Cu00e1n%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Batdelger%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Erdenetsetseg%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Carlos%20I.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Espinosa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alex%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fajardo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mohammad%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Farzam%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Daniela%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ferrante%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anke%20S.%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Frank%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lauchlan%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fraser%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Laureano%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gherardi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Aaron%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Greenville%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Carlos%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Guerra%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elizabeth%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gusm%5Cu00e1n-Montalvan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rosa%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hern%5Cu00e1ndez-Hern%5Cu00e1ndez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Norbert%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22H%5Cu00f6lzel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elisabeth%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Huber-Sannwald%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Frederic%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hughes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Oswaldo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jad%5Cu00e1n-Maza%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Florian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jeltsch%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anke%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jentsch%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kudzai%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kaseke%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Melanie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22K%5Cu00f6bel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jessica%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Koopman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cintia%20V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Leder%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anja%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Linst%5Cu00e4dter%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22le%20Roux%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Xinkai%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Li%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pierre%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Liancourt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jushan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Liu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michelle%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Louw%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gillian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maggs-K%5Cu00f6lling%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thulani%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Makhalanyane%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Oumarou%20Malam%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Issa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Antonio%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Manzaneda%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eugene%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Marais%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Juan%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mora%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gerardo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moreno%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Seth%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Munson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alice%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nunes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gabriel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Oliva%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gast%5Cu00f3n%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22O%5Cu00f1atibia%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Guadalupe%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Peter%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marco%20O.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pivari%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yolanda%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pueyo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20Emiliano%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Quiroga%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Soroor%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rahmanian%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sasha%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Reed%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pedro%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rey%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Benoit%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Richard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alexandra%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rodr%5Cu00edguez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22V%5Cu00edctor%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rolo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Juan%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rubalcaba%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jan%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ruppert%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ayman%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Salah%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Max%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schuchardt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sedona%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Spann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ilan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stavi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Colton%20R.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stephens%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anthony%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Swemmer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alberto%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Teixido%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thomas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Heather%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Throop%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Katja%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tielb%5Cu00f6rger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Samantha%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Travers%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22James%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Val%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Orsolya%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Valk%5Cu00f3%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Liesbeth%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22van%20den%20Brink%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sergio%20Velasco%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ayuso%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Frederike%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Velbert%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wanyoike%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wamiti%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Deli%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lixin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Glenda%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wardle%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Laura%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yahdjian%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eli%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zaady%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yuanming%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zhang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Xiaobing%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zhou%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Brajesh%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Singh%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicolas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gross%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Grazing%20represents%20the%20most%20extensive%20use%20of%20land%20worldwide.%20Yet%20its%20impacts%20on%20ecosystem%20services%20remain%20uncertain%20because%20pervasive%20interactions%20between%20grazing%20pressure%2C%20climate%2C%20soil%20properties%2C%20and%20biodiversity%20may%20occur%20but%20have%20never%20been%20addressed%20simultaneously.%20Using%20a%20standardized%20survey%20at%2098%20sites%20across%20six%20continents%2C%20we%20show%20that%20interactions%20between%20grazing%20pressure%2C%20climate%2C%20soil%2C%20and%20biodiversity%20are%20critical%20to%20explain%20the%20delivery%20of%20fundamental%20ecosystem%20services%20across%20drylands%20worldwide.%20Increasing%20grazing%20pressure%20reduced%20ecosystem%20service%20delivery%20in%20warmer%20and%20species-poor%20drylands%2C%20whereas%20positive%20effects%20of%20grazing%20were%20observed%20in%20colder%20and%20species-rich%20areas.%20Considering%20interactions%20between%20grazing%20and%20local%20abiotic%20and%20biotic%20factors%20is%20key%20for%20understanding%20the%20fate%20of%20dryland%20ecosystems%20under%20climate%20change%20and%20increasing%20human%20pressure.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022-11-25%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1126%5C%2Fscience.abq4062%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.science.org%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1126%5C%2Fscience.abq4062%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%228VPML3VD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-11-25T09%3A29%3A55Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%224MECQJ72%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Maponga%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EMaponga%2C%20T.%2C%20Ndagurwa%2C%20H.%2C%20Muvengwi%2C%20J.%2C%20Sebele%2C%20L.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Nzuma%2C%20T.%20%282022%29.%20The%20influence%20of%20African%20elephants%20on%20litter%20and%20soil%20nitrogen%20attributes%20in%5Cnmopane%20woodland%20in%20Hwange%20National%20Park%2C%20northwest%20Zimbabwe.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Arid%20Environments%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E204%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%28104790%29.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2Fhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jaridenv.2022.104790%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2Fhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jaridenv.2022.104790%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D4MECQJ72%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20influence%20of%20African%20elephants%20on%20litter%20and%20soil%20nitrogen%20attributes%20in%5Cnmopane%20woodland%20in%20Hwange%20National%20Park%2C%20northwest%20Zimbabwe%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22TS%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maponga%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22HGT%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ndagurwa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Muvengwi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sebele%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22TM%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nzuma%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jaridenv.2022.104790%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%228VPML3VD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-06-07T10%3A21%3A53Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22AZYIJFTQ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Mawren%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EMawren%2C%20D.%2C%20Hermes%2C%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Reason%2C%20C.%20J.%20C.%20%282022%29.%20Marine%20heatwaves%20in%20the%20Mozambique%20Channel.%20%3Ci%3EClimate%20Dynamics%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E58%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%26%23×2013%3B2%29%2C%20305%26%23×2013%3B327.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00382-021-05909-3%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00382-021-05909-3%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DAZYIJFTQ%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Marine%20heatwaves%20in%20the%20Mozambique%20Channel%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mawren%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hermes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20J.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Reason%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Marine%20heatwaves%20%28MHWs%29%20are%20becoming%20more%20frequent%20and%20intense%20around%20the%20world%20leading%20to%20long-term%20impacts%20on%20ecosystems%20and%20subsequent%20socioeconomic%20consequences.%20To%20date%2C%20MHWs%20have%20not%20been%20considered%20in%20the%20Mozambique%20Channel%2C%20a%20highly%20biodiverse%20region%20with%20sensitive%20coral%20reefs.%20An%20assessment%20of%20MHW%20metrics%20here%20shows%20that%20these%20events%20tend%20to%20be%20more%20intense%20and%20last%20longer%20in%20the%20southeastern%20part%20of%20the%20channel%20especially%20during%20austral%20summer.%20Focus%20is%20placed%20on%20a%20particularly%20sensitive%20region%20west%20of%20southern%20Madagascar%20which%20shows%20significant%20positive%20trends%20in%20MHW%20metrics%20over%20the%20period%201982%5Cu20132019%20%28frequency%2C%20intensity%20and%20duration%29.%20In%20austral%20summer%202017%2C%20this%20region%20experienced%20the%20longest%20and%20most%20intense%20MHW%20recorded%20in%20the%20past%2035%20years.%20This%20event%20lasted%20for%2048%20days%20and%20reached%20a%20maximum%20intensity%20of%203.44%20%5Cu00b0C%20above%20climatology.%20The%20warming%20largely%20resulted%20from%20anomalous%20net%20surface%20heat%20fluxes%20driven%20by%20weaker%20winds%20and%20increased%20insolation%20but%20was%20modulated%20by%20horizontal%20advection%20and%20the%20presence%20of%20an%20anticyclonic%20eddy.%20The%20wind%20and%20insolation%20anomalies%20were%20associated%20with%20a%20strong%20positive%20Subtropical%20Indian%20Ocean%20Dipole%20%28SIOD%29%2C%20an%20anomalously%20weak%20Mozambique%20Channel%20Trough%20and%20westward%20extending%20Mascarene%20High.%20Correlation%20analysis%20suggests%20that%20long-lasting%20and%20intense%20MHW%20events%20occurring%20between%20January%20and%20March%20in%20this%20region%20may%20be%20associated%20with%20positive%20SIOD%20events.%20Changes%20in%20winds%20and%20surface%20heat%20fluxes%20associated%20with%20tropical%20cyclone%20Dineo%20appear%20to%20have%20briefly%20weakened%20the%20event%20in%20midFebruary%20whereas%20those%20associated%20with%20ex-tropical%20cyclone%20Enawo%20appear%20to%20have%20contributed%20to%20its%20end%20in%20mid-March%202017.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2201%5C%2F2022%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs00382-021-05909-3%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220930-7575%2C%201432-0894%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Flink.springer.com%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00382-021-05909-3%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BGDWYJZJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-04-13T19%3A21%3A44Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22RH2934FG%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Meyer-Milne%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EMeyer-Milne%2C%20E.%2C%20Brendonck%2C%20L.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Pinceel%2C%20T.%20%282022%29.%20Egg%20banks%20in%20dryland%20wetlands%20provide%20information%20on%20the%20diversity%20and%20vulnerability%20of%20branchiopod%20communities%20along%20a%20longitudinal%20aridity%20gradient.%20%3Ci%3EWetlands%20Ecology%20and%20Management%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E30%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29%2C%20813%26%23×2013%3B826.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs11273-021-09852-2%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs11273-021-09852-2%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DRH2934FG%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Egg%20banks%20in%20dryland%20wetlands%20provide%20information%20on%20the%20diversity%20and%20vulnerability%20of%20branchiopod%20communities%20along%20a%20longitudinal%20aridity%20gradient%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elizabeth%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Meyer-Milne%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Luc%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Brendonck%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tom%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pinceel%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2208%5C%2F2022%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs11273-021-09852-2%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220923-4861%2C%201572-9834%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Flink.springer.com%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs11273-021-09852-2%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22CM9YQJBN%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-03-17T07%3A33%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22TKARP5E8%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Mfikili%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-03-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EMfikili%2C%20A.%20N.%2C%20Bornman%2C%20T.%20G.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20du%20Preez%2C%20D.%20R.%20%282022%29.%20Sediment%20deposition%20and%20its%20implications%20for%20vertical%20accretion%20in%20an%20intertidal%20salt%20marsh%26%23×2014%3BA%20case%20study%20of%20a%20microtidal%20estuary%20along%20the%20southeast%20coast%20of%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3ERegional%20Studies%20in%20Marine%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E51%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20102203.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.rsma.2022.102203%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.rsma.2022.102203%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DTKARP5E8%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Sediment%20deposition%20and%20its%20implications%20for%20vertical%20accretion%20in%20an%20intertidal%20salt%20marsh%5Cu2014A%20case%20study%20of%20a%20microtidal%20estuary%20along%20the%20southeast%20coast%20of%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Athi%20N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mfikili%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thomas%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bornman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Derek%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22du%20Preez%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Salt%20marshes%20are%20one%20of%20the%20most%20productive%20ecosystems%20in%20the%20world%2C%20however%20their%20continued%20existence%20is%20in%20doubt%20in%20the%20face%20of%20global%20sea-level%20rise%2C%20especially%20where%20development%20creates%20coastal%20squeeze%20preventing%20landward%20migration.%20Therefore%2C%20long-term%20survival%20of%20these%20ecosystems%20is%20in%20part%20dependent%20on%20sufficient%20and%20persistent%20sediment%20supply%20from%20riverine%20and%20marine%20sources%20to%20maintain%20positive%20surface%20elevation%20equal%20to%20or%20higher%20than%20that%20of%20relative%20sea-level%20rise.%20The%20aim%20of%20this%20study%20was%20to%20investigate%20the%20sediment%20deposition%20and%20the%20implication%20thereof%20for%20vertical%20accretion%20in%20a%20small%20salt%20marsh%20of%20a%20microtidal%20estuary%20along%20the%20south-east%20coast%20of%20South%20Africa.%20The%20estuarine%20bed%20sediments%20were%20primarily%20composed%20of%20medium-sized%20sand%20with%20only%20a%20limited%20fine-grained%20fraction%20%28overall%20mean%20of%201.3%5Cu00a0%5Cu00b1%5Cu00a00.4%25%2C%20n%20%3D%2092%29%20confined%20mostly%20to%20the%20confluence%20section%20of%20the%20Bitou%20tributary.%20Grain%20size%20frequency%20distribution%20revealed%20slightly%20coarse%20and%20poorly%20sorted%20sediments%20in%20the%20Bitou%20tributary%20suggesting%20deposition%20during%20low-energy%20conditions.%20The%20intertidal%20surface%20was%20characterized%20by%20silty-sized%20sediments%20dominated%20by%20clay%20mineral%20assemblages.%20These%20sediments%20had%20a%20mean%20organic%20matter%20content%20and%20bulk%20density%20of%207.2%5Cu00a0%5Cu00b1%5Cu00a05.48%25%20and%202.02%5Cu00a0%5Cu00b1%5Cu00a00.94%5Cu00a0g%20cm3%20respectively.%20Bulk%20density%20was%20dependent%20on%20particle%20size%20and%20organic%20matter%20content%20with%20bulk%20density%20predicted%20to%20increase%20with%20increasing%20sand%20content%20%28R%3D0.32%2C%20p%3D0.00044%29%2C%20whereas%20decreasing%20trends%20were%20observed%20with%20an%20increase%20in%20silt%2C%20clay%20and%20organic%20matter%20%28R%20%3D%20-0.31%2C%20p%3D0.0005%3B%20R%20%3D%20-0.13%2C%20p%3D0.14%20and%20R%20%3D%20-0.61%2C%20p%3D1.2%20%5Cu00d7%2010%5Cu221213%29%2C%20respectively.%20The%20mean%20short-term%20sediment%20deposition%20was%200.143%5Cu00a0%5Cu00b1%5Cu00a00.01%5Cu00a0g%20cm2%20tide1%20%28n%20%3D%20120%29.%20Streamside%20sites%20consistently%20had%20high%20deposition%20rates%20suggesting%20that%20the%20shallow%20estuarine%20channel%20and%20tidal%20creeks%20adjacent%20to%20the%20monitored%20intertidal%20areas%20were%20the%20likely%20sediment%20source.%20The%20mean%20vertical%20accretion%20rate%20was%20estimated%20at%200.08%5Cu00a0%5Cu00b1%5Cu00a00.07%5Cu00a0cm%20yr1%20%28i.e.%2C%200.8%5Cu00a0mm%20yr1%29.%20Although%20these%20accretion%20rates%20are%20lower%20than%20the%20local%20sea-level%20rise%20rates%20of%202.19%5Cu00a0mm%20yr1%2C%20increasing%20vertical%20accretion%20rates%20are%20predicted%20with%20increasing%20sediment%20deposition%20and%20a%20decrease%20in%20bulk%20density.%20Continued%20monitoring%20of%20the%20sediment%20starved%20Keurbooms%20Estuary%20is%20recommended%20through%20the%20installation%20of%20Rod%20Surface%20Elevation%20Tables%20%28RSETs%29%20to%20assess%20the%20impact%20of%20extreme%20events%20such%20as%20riverine%20flooding%20on%20sediment%20supply%20to%20the%20intertidal%20salt%20marsh.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022-03-01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.rsma.2022.102203%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222352-4855%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%5C%2Fscience%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS2352485522000226%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2285DCE2P4%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-26T10%3A58%3A41Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22TH238JKT%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Milton%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EMilton%2C%20S.%20J.%2C%20Short%2C%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Dean%2C%20W.%20R.%20J.%20%282022%29.%20Decline%20in%20whistling%20rat%20%28%20%3Ci%3EParotomys%20brantsii%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%29%20density%3A%20Possible%20response%20to%20climate%20change%20in%20the%20Karoo%2C%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EAfrican%20Journal%20of%20Ecology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E60%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29%2C%20969%26%23×2013%3B979.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Faje.13063%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Faje.13063%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DTH238JKT%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Decline%20in%20whistling%20rat%20%28%20%3Ci%3EParotomys%20brantsii%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%29%20density%3A%20Possible%20response%20to%20climate%20change%20in%20the%20Karoo%2C%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Suzanne%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Milton%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stefan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Short%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%20Richard%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dean%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20burrow%20systems%20%28warrens%29%20of%20whistling%20rat%20Parotomys%20brantsii%20are%20confined%20to%20patches%20of%20deep%20soil%20%28biogenic%20mounds%20known%20as%20heuweltjies%29%20on%20stony%20plains%20in%20the%20arid%20Succulent%20Karoo%20region%20of%20South%20Africa.%20Whistling%20rat%20warrens%20were%20recorded%20on%20heuweltjies%20at%20the%20Tierberg%20Long-%5Cu00adTerm%20Ecological%20Research%20%28LTER%29%20site%20in%20the%20southern%20Karoo%2C%20Western%20Cape%20Province%2C%20South%20Africa%2C%20on%20eight%20occasions%20between%201988%20and%202001.%20Increasing%20temperatures%20over%20the%20study%20period%20combined%20with%20a%20severe%20drought%20from%202015%20to%202021%20caused%20a%2036%25%20dieback%20in%20perennial%20shrub%20cover%20on%20the%20research%20site.%20The%20percentage%20of%20heuweltjies%20occupied%20by%20whistling%20rats%20declined%20from%2044%25%20occupation%20to%2020%25%20occupation%20between%202005%20and%202021%20during%20unusually%20hot%2C%20dry%20conditions%20indicated%20by%20low%20values%20in%20the%20Standardised%20Evapotranspiration%20Index.%20Around%20their%20warrens%2C%20whistling%20rats%20had%20no%20influence%20on%20species%20richness%20of%20perennial%20plants%20but%20reduced%20vegetation%20cover.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2212%5C%2F2022%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Faje.13063%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220141-6707%2C%201365-2028%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Faje.13063%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22CM9YQJBN%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-03-17T07%3A33%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22EBHWCP6P%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Musengi%20and%20Van%20der%20Merwe%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EMusengi%2C%20K.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Van%20der%20Merwe%2C%20H.%20%282022%29.%20Long-term%20monitoring%20of%20Aloidendron%20dichotomum%20populations%3A%20Does%20tracking%20individuals%20make%20a%20difference%20to%20general%20demographic%20findings%3F%20%3Ci%3ESouth%20African%20Journal%20of%20Botany%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E152%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%201%26%23×2013%3B9.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.sajb.2022.12.002%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.sajb.2022.12.002%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DEBHWCP6P%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Long-term%20monitoring%20of%20Aloidendron%20dichotomum%20populations%3A%20Does%20tracking%20individuals%20make%20a%20difference%20to%20general%20demographic%20findings%3F%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Musengi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Van%20der%20Merwe%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20%5Cufb01ndings%20of%20the%20%5Cufb01rst%20four%20Aloidendron%20dichotomum%20population%20surveys%20in%202015%20that%20form%20part%20of%20a%20longterm%20monitoring%20initiative%20started%20by%20the%20South%20African%20Environmental%20Observation%20Network%20at%20Meerkat%20National%20Park%20were%20compared%20with%20the%20%5Cufb01ndings%20of%20a%20second%20survey%20in%20the%20same%20populations%20in%202021.%20Aloidendron%20dichotomum%20is%20a%20keystone%20species%20and%20was%20previously%20suggested%20as%20a%20climate%20change%20indicator%20species%20therefore%20understanding%20its%20population%20dynamics%20is%20important.%20A%20general%20population%20density%20and%20mortality%20survey%2C%20as%20well%20as%20a%20detailed%20demographic%20survey%20were%20repeated%20in%20August%202021%20using%20the%20same%20methods%20that%20were%20used%20in%202015.%20The%20surveys%20were%20conducted%20in%20the%20same%20populations%20but%20not%20of%20exactly%20the%20same%20individuals.%20The%20aim%20of%20this%20study%20was%20to%20compare%20the%20%5Cufb01ndings%20of%20the%202021%20surveys%20with%20the%20%5Cufb01ndings%20of%20the%202015%20surveys%20in%20order%20to%20assess%20whether%20it%20is%20crucial%20to%20survey%20exactly%20the%20same%20individuals%20within%20a%20population%20or%20not.%20Live%3A%20dead%20ratios%20varied%20considerably%20across%20the%20populations%20between%20the%20surveys%20conducted%20in%202015%20%28range%3A%2017%20to%2035%20per%20ha%29%20and%20in%202021%20%28range%3A%206%20to%2028%20per%20ha%29.%20For%20each%20population%20the%20size%20class%20distribution%20%28SCD%29%20types%20did%20not%20differ%20signi%5Cufb01cantly%20between%202015%20and%202021.%20Populations%20had%20zero%20permutation%20indices%20for%20basal%20diameter%20for%20the%20two%20surveyed%20years%20suggesting%20that%20the%20populations%20are%20monotonically%20declining%20and%20therefore%20the%20populations%20are%20stable.%20However%2C%20two%20permutation%20indices%20for%20height%20were%20not%20zero.%20The%20presence%20of%20leaf%20fungi%20and%20scale%20during%20the%20two%20surveys%20was%20generally%20low%20while%20the%20presence%20of%20lichen%20remained%20similar%20between%20survey%20years.%20There%20was%20more%20damage%20to%20leaves%20and%20stems%20in%202021.%20Our%20conclusion%20is%20that%20the%20general%20demographic%20%5Cufb01ndings%20for%20the%202015%20and%202021%20surveys%20were%20similar%20so%20it%20is%20not%20necessary%20to%20survey%20exactly%20the%20same%20individuals%20within%20a%20population%20to%20determine%20the%20general%20demography%20of%20a%20population.%20However%2C%20marking%20and%20measuring%20exactly%20the%20same%20individuals%20could%20provide%20valuable%20insights%20onto%20the%20%5Cufb01ner%20nuances%20of%20population%20demographics%20and%20dynamics%20in%20this%20species.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.sajb.2022.12.002%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2202546299%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%5C%2Fretrieve%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0254629922006391%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22CM9YQJBN%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-03-17T07%3A33%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22TQ4FS8EV%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Nel%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ENel%2C%20M.%20A.%2C%20Rubidge%2C%20G.%2C%20Adams%2C%20J.%20B.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Human%2C%20L.%20R.%20D.%20%282022%29.%20Contributions%20of%20Wetland%20Plants%20on%20Metal%20Accumulation%20in%20Sediment.%20%3Ci%3ESustainability%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E14%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%286%29%2C%203679.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3390%5C%2Fsu14063679%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3390%5C%2Fsu14063679%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DTQ4FS8EV%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Contributions%20of%20Wetland%20Plants%20on%20Metal%20Accumulation%20in%20Sediment%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marel%5Cu00e9%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gletwyn%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rubidge%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Janine%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Adams%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lucienne%20R.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Human%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Wetlands%2C%20and%20especially%20salt%20marshes%2C%20are%20well-known%20sinks%20of%20metals%2C%20which%20limit%20toxic%20amounts%20of%20metals%20from%20entering%20the%20food%20chain.%20This%20study%20investigated%20metal%20concentrations%20%28Cr%2C%20Cu%2C%20Fe%2C%20Mn%2C%20Ni%2C%20Pb%2C%20Zn%29%20in%20a%20highly%20urbanised%20estuary%2C%20and%20compared%20vegetated%20rhizosediment%20%28Salicornia%20tegetaria%2C%20Spartina%20maritima%2C%20and%20Zostera%20capensis%29%20with%20bare%20sediment%2C%20in%20a%20depositional%20and%20non-depositional%20site%2C%20in%20the%20intertidal%20zone%20of%20the%20Swartkops%20Estuary.%20The%20samples%20were%20collected%20at%20two%20sites%20along%20the%20middle%20and%20lower%20reaches%20of%20the%20estuary%20and%20analysed%20using%20a%20Total%20X-ray%20Fluorescence%20%28TXRF%29%20spectrometer.%20It%20was%20found%20that%20the%20rhizosediment%20contained%20more%20metals%20and%20that%20metal%20concentrations%20in%20the%20sediment%20decreased%20as%20follows%3A%20S.%20tegetaria%20%3E%20S.%20maritima%20%3E%20Z.%20capensis%20%3E%20bare%20sediment.%20Although%20metal%20accumulation%20was%20similar%20in%20bare%20sediment%20for%20the%20depositional%20%28Site%20B%29%20and%20the%20non-depositional%20site%20%28Site%20A%29%2C%20the%20rhizosediment%20displayed%20higher%20metal%20accumulation%20in%20the%20depositional%20site%20%28Site%20B%29.%20However%2C%20regardless%20of%20site-specific%20depositional%20tendencies%2C%20rhizosediment%20displayed%20higher%20metal%20accumulation%20than%20bare%20sediment.%20These%20results%20indicate%20that%20vegetated%20sites%20and%20vegetated%20depositional%20sites%20should%20be%20the%20focus%20of%20monitoring%20metals%20in%20estuaries%20around%20the%20world.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%5C%2F1%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.3390%5C%2Fsu14063679%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222071-1050%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.mdpi.com%5C%2F2071-1050%5C%2F14%5C%2F6%5C%2F3679%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2285DCE2P4%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-26T11%3A06%3A33Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22P2KLTE56%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Olisah%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-08-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EOlisah%2C%20C.%2C%20Rubidge%2C%20G.%2C%20Human%2C%20L.%20R.%20D.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Adams%2C%20J.%20B.%20%282022%29.%20Organophosphate%20pesticides%20in%20South%20African%20eutrophic%20estuaries%3A%20Spatial%20distribution%2C%20seasonal%20variation%2C%20and%20ecological%20risk%20assessment.%20%3Ci%3EEnvironmental%20Pollution%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E306%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20119446.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.envpol.2022.119446%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.envpol.2022.119446%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DP2KLTE56%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Organophosphate%20pesticides%20in%20South%20African%20eutrophic%20estuaries%3A%20Spatial%20distribution%2C%20seasonal%20variation%2C%20and%20ecological%20risk%20assessment%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chijioke%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Olisah%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gletwyn%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rubidge%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lucienne%20R.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Human%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Janine%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Adams%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20seasonal%20variation%2C%20spatial%20distribution%2C%20and%20ecological%20risks%20of%20thirteen%20organophosphate%20pesticides%20%28OPPs%29%20were%20studied%20in%20the%20Sundays%20and%20Swartkops%20estuaries%20in%20South%20Africa.%20Ten%20pesticides%20were%20detected%20in%20surface%20water%20samples%20from%20both%20estuaries%2C%20while%20all%20OPPs%20were%20detected%20in%20sediments.%20The%20highest%20concentration%20of%20OPPs%20%2818.8%5Cu00a0%5Cu03bcg%20pyrazophos%20L%5Cu22121%29%20was%20detected%20in%20surface%20water%20samples%20from%20Swartkops%20Estuary%2C%20while%2048.7%5Cu00a0%5Cu03bcg%20phosalone%20kg%5Cu22121%20dw%20was%20the%20highest%20in%20sediments%20collected%20from%20Sundays%20Estuary.%20There%20was%20no%20clear%20seasonal%20pattern%20in%20OPPs%20occurrence%20in%20surface%20water%20from%20both%20systems.%20However%2C%20their%20occurrence%20in%20sediments%20was%20in%20the%20following%20order%3A%20winter%5Cu00a0%3E%5Cu00a0autumn%5Cu00a0%3E%5Cu00a0summer%5Cu00a0%3E%5Cu00a0spring%2C%20perhaps%20indicating%20major%20pesticide%20input%20in%20the%20winter%20seasons.%20Results%20from%20ecological%20risk%20assessment%20showed%20that%20pyraclofos%20and%20chlorpyrifos%20%28CHL%29%20in%20surface%20water%20from%20both%20systems%20are%20respectively%20likely%20to%20cause%20high%20acute%20and%20chronic%20toxicity%20to%20fish%20%28risk%20quotient%20%5Cu2013%20RQ%5Cu00a0%3E%5Cu00a01%29.%20For%20sediments%20of%20both%20estuaries%2C%20the%20highest%20acute%20and%20chronic%20RQs%20for%20fish%20were%20calculated%20for%20isazophos%20and%20CHL%20respectively.%20The%20majority%20of%20the%20detected%20OPPs%20in%20sediments%20posed%20potential%20high%20risks%20to%20Daphnia%20magna%20from%20both%20systems.%20These%20results%20suggest%20that%20these%20aquatic%20organisms%20%28fish%2C%20and%20Daphnia%29%2C%20if%20present%20in%20the%20studied%20estuaries%2C%20can%20develop%20certain%20forms%20of%20abnormalities%20due%20to%20OPP%20exposure.%20To%20this%20end%2C%20proper%20measures%20should%20be%20taken%20to%20reduce%20OPP%20input%20into%20the%20estuarine%20systems.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022-08-01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.envpol.2022.119446%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220269-7491%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%5C%2Fscience%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0269749122006601%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2285DCE2P4%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-26T11%3A04%3A11Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22L4Z6UB9B%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Oliver%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EOliver%2C%20B.%2C%20Veitch%2C%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Reason%2C%20C.%20J.%20C.%20%282022%29.%20Variability%20in%20High%20Wave%20Energy%20Events%20Around%20the%20Southern%20African%20Coast.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Oceans%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E127%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2021JC018255%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2021JC018255%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DL4Z6UB9B%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Variability%20in%20High%20Wave%20Energy%20Events%20Around%20the%20Southern%20African%20Coast%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Benjamin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Oliver%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jennifer%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Veitch%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chris%20J.C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Reason%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20wave%20energy%20flux%20along%20the%20southern%20African%20coastline%20often%20reaches%20extreme%20levels%2C%20seriously%20impacting%20coastal%20communities%2C%20infrastructure%2C%20as%20well%20as%20near-coast%20and%20offshore%20marine%20operations.%20Understanding%20the%20drivers%20behind%20past%20high%20wave%20energy%20events%20and%20their%20frequency%20is%20key%20to%20forecasting%20future%20events.%20Using%20in-situ%20wave%20buoy%20data%20recorded%20by%20the%20Council%20for%20Scientific%20and%20Industrial%20Research%20%28CSIR%29%2C%20the%20ERA5%20and%20CACWR%20global%20wave%20model%20products%20are%20evaluated.%20The%20better-performing%20ERA5%20product%20is%20used%20to%20assess%20long-term%20variability%20and%20trends%20around%20the%20coastline%20between%201979%20and%202020.%20There%20are%20significant%20increasing%20trends%20in%20offshore%20flux%20for%20all%20seasons%2C%20with%20spring%20having%20the%20strongest%20coastal%20trends.%20Substantial%20interannual%20variability%20exists%20in%20wave%20energy%20flux%20and%20direction.%20Possible%20drivers%2C%20the%20Southern%20Annular%20Mode%20%28SAM%29%2C%20El%20Ni%5Cu00f1o%20Southern%20Oscillation%20%28ENSO%29%2C%20and%20the%20semi-annual%20oscillation%20%28SAO%29%2C%20were%20assessed%20to%20find%20that%20SAM%20appears%20to%20show%20the%20strongest%20relationship%20overall.%20Negative%20%28positive%29%20SAM%20is%20associated%20with%20above%20%28below%29%20average%20and%20westerly%20%28easterly%29%20anomalies%20in%20both%20flux%20and%20direction.%20ENSO%20directly%20impacts%20the%20summer%20wave%20climate%20while%20the%20SAO%20indirectly%20impacts%20the%20wave%20energy%20flux%20over%20spring%20and%20winter.%20During%20many%20seasons%2C%20more%20than%20one%20climate%20mode%20is%20active.%20It%20is%20found%20the%20strongest%20significant%20near-coast%20positive%20westerly%20anomalies%20occurred%20under%20negative%20SAM%20and%20negative%20SAO%2C%20with%20more%20intense%20offshore%20anomalies%20under%20El%20Ni%5Cu00f1o%2C%20whereas%20the%20strongest%20significant%20negative%20east-northeasterly%20anomalies%20occurred%20under%20a%20combination%20of%20La%20Ni%5Cu00f1a%20with%20positive%20SAM%20and%20SAO%20phases.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2203%5C%2F2022%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2021JC018255%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222169-9275%2C%202169-9291%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2021JC018255%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BGDWYJZJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-04-13T19%3A25%3A03Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22S84XRHDP%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Puccinelli%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-06-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EPuccinelli%2C%20E.%2C%20Porri%2C%20F.%2C%20Altieri%2C%20K.%2C%20Flynn%2C%20R.%2C%20Little%2C%20H.%2C%20Louw%2C%20T.%2C%20Pattrick%2C%20P.%2C%20Sparks%2C%20C.%2C%20Tsanwani%2C%20M.%2C%20de%20Waardt%2C%20S.%2C%20Walker%2C%20D.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Fawcett%2C%20S.%20%282022%29.%20Coastal%20ecosystem%20services%20in%20South%20Africa%26%23×2019%3Bs%20largest%20natural%20bay%3A%20The%20role%20of%20marine%20benthic%20filter%20feeders%20in%20mitigating%20pollution.%20%3Ci%3EEcological%20Indicators%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E139%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20108899.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.ecolind.2022.108899%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.ecolind.2022.108899%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DS84XRHDP%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Coastal%20ecosystem%20services%20in%20South%20Africa%5Cu2019s%20largest%20natural%20bay%3A%20The%20role%20of%20marine%20benthic%20filter%20feeders%20in%20mitigating%20pollution%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eleonora%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Puccinelli%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Francesca%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Porri%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Katye%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Altieri%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Raquel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Flynn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hazel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Little%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tayla%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Louw%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paula%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pattrick%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Conrad%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sparks%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mutshutshu%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tsanwani%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sonya%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22de%20Waardt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Walker%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sarah%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fawcett%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Nearshore%20water%20quality%20can%20be%20highly%20impacted%20by%20anthropogenic%20activities%20ongoing%20along%20the%20coast%2C%20the%20effects%20of%20which%20on%20natural%20environments%20can%20be%20permanent%20and%20irreversible%2C%20with%20consequences%20for%20ecosystem%20biodiversity%20and%20functioning%2C%20as%20well%20as%20for%20associated%20services.%20Benthic%20filter%20feeders%20%28e.g.%2C%20mussels%29%20provide%20several%20services%20for%20coastal%20regions%2C%20including%20improving%20water%20quality%20by%20reducing%20eutrophication%2C%20being%20a%20major%20source%20of%20food%20for%20humans%2C%20and%20as%20a%20habitat-forming%20species.%20Here%2C%20we%20seek%20to%20understand%20the%20role%20of%20benthic%20filter%20feeders%20in%20enhancing%20water%20quality%20in%20an%20urban%20coastal%20system%20in%20order%20to%20assess%20their%20role%20as%20ecosystem%20service%20providers%20and%20how%20they%20should%20be%20included%20in%20ecosystem-based%20evaluations.%20Using%20as%20a%20model%20False%20Bay%2C%20South%20Africa%5Cu2019s%20largest%20natural%20bay%20and%20a%20socio-economic%20hotspot%2C%20this%20multidisciplinary%20study%20was%20designed%20to%20identify%20possible%20pollution%20sources%20to%20a%20highly-urbanised%20coastal%20region%2C%20assess%20their%20effects%20on%20several%20biological%20and%20biogeochemical%20parameters%2C%20and%20evaluate%20the%20role%20of%20mussels%20in%20mitigating%20these%20anthropogenic%20inputs.%20We%20consider%20several%20sources%20of%20pollution%2C%20including%20nutrient%20loading%20from%20wastewater%20and%20river%20outflows%2C%20heavy%20metals%2C%20and%20aerosol%20deposition.%20We%20find%20that%20pollutant%20inputs%20are%20largely%20attenuated%20by%20the%20circulation%20of%20the%20bay%20and%20by%20the%20presence%20of%20filter%20feeders%20that%20bioaccumulate%20contaminants%2C%20thereby%20removing%20them%20from%20coastal%20waters.%20Our%20work%20thus%20emphasizes%20the%20potential%20for%20mussels%20and%20natural%20abiotic%20processes%20to%20ameliorate%20anthropogenic%20impacts%2C%20although%20these%20mitigation%20strategies%20are%20not%20without%20environmental%20risk.%20We%20recommend%20that%20such%20information%20should%20be%20included%20in%20national%20assessments%20used%20to%20develop%20appropriate%20strategies%20and%20policies%20for%20coastal%20environmental%20management%20and%20conservation.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022-06-01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.ecolind.2022.108899%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221470-160X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%5C%2Fscience%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS1470160X22003703%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2285DCE2P4%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-26T11%3A21%3A26Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22GN2YBC7B%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ragoasha%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ERagoasha%2C%20M.%20N.%2C%20Herbette%2C%20S.%2C%20Veitch%2C%20J.%2C%20Cambon%2C%20G.%2C%20Reason%2C%20C.%20J.%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Roy%2C%20C.%20%282022%29.%20Inter%26%23×2010%3BAnnual%20Variability%20of%20the%20Along%26%23×2010%3BShore%20Lagrangian%20Transport%20Success%20in%20the%20Southern%20Benguela%20Current%20Upwelling%20System.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Oceans%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E127%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2020JC017114%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2020JC017114%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DGN2YBC7B%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Inter%5Cu2010Annual%20Variability%20of%20the%20Along%5Cu2010Shore%20Lagrangian%20Transport%20Success%20in%20the%20Southern%20Benguela%20Current%20Upwelling%20System%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Moagabo%20Natalie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ragoasha%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Steven%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Herbette%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jennifer%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Veitch%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gildas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cambon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chris%20J.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Reason%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Claude%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roy%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22A%203-km%20resolution%20regional%20ocean%20model%20is%20used%20to%20investigate%20the%20role%20of%20wind-driven%20coastal%20circulation%20and%20mesoscale%20variability%20on%20the%20inter-annual%20variability%20of%20transport%20success%20in%20the%20southern%20Benguela%20between%20Cape%20Point%20%2834%5Cu00b0S%29%20and%20St%20Helena%20Bay%20%2832%5Cu00b0S%29%20from%201992%20to%202011.%20Lagrangian%20particles%20are%20released%20within%20the%20top%20100%20m%20of%20the%20water%20column%20along%20an%20across-shore%20transect%20off%20Cape%20Point.%20Transport%20success%20is%20given%20by%20the%20ratio%20of%20the%20number%20of%20particles%20that%20reach%20St%20Helena%20Bay%20over%20the%20total%20number%20of%20particles%20released.%20The%20analysis%20of%20transport%20success%20anomalies%20and%20their%20relationship%20with%20the%20local%20circulation%20and%20wind%20forcing%20reveal%20that%20there%20is%20no%20single%20driver%20of%20the%20inter-annual%20variability.%20The%20transport%20success%20variability%20of%20particles%20released%20on%20the%20shelf%20%28depths%20%3C300%20m%29%20mainly%20depends%20on%20their%20capacity%20to%20remain%20embedded%20within%20the%20coastal%20Benguela%20Jet.%20Nevertheless%2C%20peaks%20in%20offshore%20Ekman%20transport%20and%20episodic%20occurrence%20of%20a%20poleward%20inner-shelf%20counter-current%20contribute%20to%20negative%20anomalies.%20For%20particles%20released%20on%20the%20outer%20shelf%20edge%20%28depths%20%3E500%20m%29%2C%20across-shore%20transports%20induced%20by%20mesoscale%20eddies%20are%20the%20main%20contributors%20to%20transport%20success%20variability.%20Rare%20passage%20of%20Agulhas%20rings%20near%20the%20shelf%20edge%20can%20induce%20strong%20offshore%20advection%20of%20particles%20into%20the%20open%20ocean.%20In%20contrast%2C%20shelf-edge%20cyclonic%20eddies%20favor%20the%20onshore%20transport%20of%20particles%20originating%20from%20the%20outer%20shelf%20edge%20and%20thus%20contribute%20to%20increasing%20transport%20success.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2203%5C%2F2022%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2020JC017114%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222169-9275%2C%202169-9291%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2020JC017114%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BGDWYJZJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-04-13T19%3A27%3A31Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22CVUQRI2R%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Rogers%20and%20Meyer-Milne%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-03-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ERogers%2C%20D.%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Meyer-Milne%2C%20E.%20%282022%29.%20Review%20of%20the%20Limnadiidae%20%28Crustacea%3A%20Branchiopoda%3A%20Spinicaudata%29%20of%20southern%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Crustacean%20Biology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E42%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%20ruac019.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1093%5C%2Fjcbiol%5C%2Fruac019%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1093%5C%2Fjcbiol%5C%2Fruac019%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DCVUQRI2R%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Review%20of%20the%20Limnadiidae%20%28Crustacea%3A%20Branchiopoda%3A%20Spinicaudata%29%20of%20southern%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D%20Christopher%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rogers%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elizabeth%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Meyer-Milne%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20limnadiid%20clam%20shrimps%20of%20southern%20Africa%20are%20revised%20and%20the%20history%20and%20difficulties%20surrounding%20the%20taxonomy%20of%20the%20species%20in%20this%20region%20are%20discussed.%20Three%20new%20species%20are%20described%3A%20two%20of%20Eulimnadia%20Packard%2C%201874%20and%20one%20of%20Gondwanalimnadia%20Rogers%2C%20Rabet%20%26%20Weeks%2C%202016.%20The%20two%20new%20Eulimnadia%20species%20are%20distinguished%20from%20congeners%20by%20their%20unique%20egg%20ornamentation%3A%20dense%2C%20fine%2C%20long%20striae%20in%20E.%20striata%20n.%20sp.%2C%20broadly%20angular%20to%20subcylindrical%20with%20numerous%20rows%20of%20narrow%2C%20rectangular%20polygons%20in%20E.%20subcylindriforma%20n.%20sp.%20The%20taxonomy%20and%20identity%20of%20Gondwanalimnadia%20is%20discussed%20in%20detail%20and%20validated%20as%20a%20new%20species%20as%20Gondwanalimnadia%20costata%20n.%20sp.%20This%20species%20is%20readily%20separated%20from%20the%20southern%20African%20Eulimnadia%20by%20the%20characters%20of%20the%20genus%20and%20the%20egg%2C%20which%20is%20spherical%20with%20large%2C%20broad%20costae.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022-03-01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1093%5C%2Fjcbiol%5C%2Fruac019%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220278-0372%2C%201937-240X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Facademic.oup.com%5C%2Fjcb%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1093%5C%2Fjcbiol%5C%2Fruac019%5C%2F6553917%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22CM9YQJBN%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-03-17T07%3A33%3A23Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22CF8GNFJ4%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Russo%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-03-11%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ERusso%2C%20C.%20S.%2C%20Veitch%2C%20J.%2C%20Carr%2C%20M.%2C%20Fearon%2C%20G.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Whittle%2C%20C.%20%282022%29.%20An%20Intercomparison%20of%20Global%20Reanalysis%20Products%20for%20Southern%20Africa%26%23×2019%3Bs%20Major%20Oceanographic%20Features.%20%3Ci%3EFrontiers%20in%20Marine%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E9%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20837906.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Ffmars.2022.837906%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Ffmars.2022.837906%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DCF8GNFJ4%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22An%20Intercomparison%20of%20Global%20Reanalysis%20Products%20for%20Southern%20Africa%5Cu2019s%20Major%20Oceanographic%20Features%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cristina%20Serena%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Russo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jennifer%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Veitch%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Matthew%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Carr%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Giles%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fearon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Whittle%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22A%20regional%20assessment%20of%20three%20global%20ocean%20reanalysis%20products%20is%20presented%20for%20southern%20Africa%5Cu2019s%20major%20oceanographic%20features.%20The%20reanalyses%20include%20Mercator%20Ocean%5Cu2019s%20Global%20Reanalysis%20%28GLORYS%29%2C%20the%20Commonwealth%20Scientific%20and%20Industrial%20Research%20Organisation%5Cu2019s%20%28CSIRO%29%20Bluelink%20Reanalysis%20%28BRAN%29%20and%20the%20Fleet%20Numerical%20Meteorology%20and%20Oceanography%20Center%5Cu2019s%20%28FNMOC%29%20global%20Hybrid%20Coordinate%20Ocean%20Model%20%28HYCOM%29%20reanalysis.%20The%20aim%20is%20to%20provide%20modelers%20with%20sufficient%20information%20for%20selecting%20the%20appropriate%20product%20for%20use%20as%20boundary%20conditions%20to%20force%20their%20regional%20ocean%20models%2C%20as%20well%20as%20to%20provide%20marine%20industries%2C%20relevant%20government%20agencies%20and%20academics%20with%20insight%20into%20the%20optimal%20reanalysis%20product%20for%20their%20purposes.%20The%20reanalyses%20are%20compared%20to%20both%20assimilated%20and%20independent%20observational%20datasets%20spanning%20various%20regions%20within%20the%20southern%20African%20marine%20environment.%20While%20all%20reanalysis%20products%20reproduce%20the%20eastern%20and%20western%20boundary%20current%20systems%20surrounding%20southern%20Africa%2C%20limitations%20exist.%20BRAN%20outperforms%20the%20other%20reanalyses%20in%20its%20representation%20of%20the%20Mixed%20Layer%20Depth%2C%20contributing%20to%20its%20good%20representation%20of%20coastal%20SSTs%20in%20the%20Benguela%20upwelling%20system%2C%20whereas%20GLORYS%20and%20HYCOM%5Cu2019s%20misrepresented%20MLD%20result%20in%20significant%20warm%20biases%20in%20this%20region.%20The%20Angola-Benguela%20Frontal%20Zone%20and%20it%5Cu2019s%20variability%20is%20best%20reproduced%20by%20BRAN%20and%20HYCOM.%20The%20Agulhas%20Current%20system%5Cu2019s%20major%20components%20are%20well%20reproduced%20by%20both%20GLORYS%20and%20BRAN.%20HYCOM%2C%20however%2C%20simulates%20considerably%20more%20early%20retroflections%20than%20are%20observed%20which%20have%20resulted%20in%20its%20mean%20eastward%20location.%20While%20all%20the%20reanalyses%20overestimate%20the%20occurrence%20of%20Agulhas%20meanders%2C%20GLORYS%20and%20BRAN%20resolve%20the%20associated%20variability%20best.%20Agulhas%20Current%20transport%20is%20best%20resolved%20by%20GLORYS%2C%20unlike%20BRAN%20and%20HYCOM%20which%20largely%20overestimate%20the%20magnitude%20of%20its%20south-westward%20flow%2C%20linked%20to%20their%20misrepresentation%20of%20the%20Current%5Cu2019s%20vertical%20structure.%20The%20bay-scale%20and%20nearshore%20evaluations%20highlighted%20issues%20pertaining%20to%20the%20resolution%20of%20the%20reanalyses%20and%20their%20use%20at%20such%20a%20small%20scale.%20The%20reanalyses%20are%20limited%20by%20their%20resolution%2C%20as%20well%20as%20by%20their%20misrepresentation%20of%20submesoscale%20processes%20or%20lack%20thereof%2C%20prompting%20the%20need%20for%20the%20development%20of%20regional%20downscaled%20models%20in%20and%20around%20the%20southern%20African%20oceans%20based%20on%20the%20global%20ocean%20reanalysis%20products.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022-3-11%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.3389%5C%2Ffmars.2022.837906%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222296-7745%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.frontiersin.org%5C%2Farticles%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Ffmars.2022.837906%5C%2Ffull%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BGDWYJZJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-04-13T18%3A46%3A13Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2254T4CPSX%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Schmitt%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ESchmitt%2C%20M.%2C%20Stears%2C%20K.%2C%20Donovan%2C%20M.%2C%20Burkepile%2C%20D.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Thompson%2C%20D.%20%282022%29.%20Integrating%20herbivore%20assemblages%20and%20woody%20plant%20cover%20in%20an%20African%20savanna%20to%20reveal%20how%20herbivores%20respond%20to%20ecosystem%20management.%20%3Ci%3EPLoS%20ONE%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E18%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%288%29%2C%20e0273917.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2Fhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0273917%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2Fhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0273917%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D54T4CPSX%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Integrating%20herbivore%20assemblages%20and%20woody%20plant%20cover%20in%20an%20African%20savanna%20to%20reveal%20how%20herbivores%20respond%20to%20ecosystem%20management.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22MH%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schmitt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stears%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22MK%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Donovan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22DE%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Burkepile%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22DI%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thompson%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0273917%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%228VPML3VD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-06-06T10%3A55%3A19Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22NKQTVIIJ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Seymour%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ESeymour%2C%20C.%20L.%2C%20Joseph%2C%20G.%20S.%2C%20Calitz%2C%20W.%2C%20Henschel%2C%20J.%20R.%2C%20Ramaswiela%2C%20T.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20van%20der%20Merwe%2C%20H.%20%282022%29.%20Mean%20height%20increase%20in%20saplings%20of%20a%20keystone%20woody%20savanna%20species%20over%2015%20years%20similar%20to%20that%20over%20a%20single%20season.%20%3Ci%3EEcosphere%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E13%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%289%29.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fecs2.4173%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fecs2.4173%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DNKQTVIIJ%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Mean%20height%20increase%20in%20saplings%20of%20a%20keystone%20woody%20savanna%20species%20over%2015%20years%20similar%20to%20that%20over%20a%20single%20season%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Colleen%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Seymour%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Grant%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Joseph%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wynand%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Calitz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joh%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Henschel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tshililo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ramaswiela%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Helga%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22van%20der%20Merwe%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2209%5C%2F2022%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2Fecs2.4173%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222150-8925%2C%202150-8925%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fecs2.4173%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22CM9YQJBN%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-03-17T07%3A33%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%228JLHEFUG%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Shabalala%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EShabalala%2C%20M.%2C%20Toucher%2C%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Clulow%2C%20A.%20%282022%29.%20The%20Macadamia%20bloom%20%26%23×2013%3B%20What%20are%20the%20hydrological%20implications%3F%20%3Ci%3EScientia%20Horticulturae%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E292%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20110628%26%23×2013%3B110628.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.scienta.2021.110628%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.scienta.2021.110628%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D8JLHEFUG%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20Macadamia%20bloom%20%5Cu2013%20What%20are%20the%20hydrological%20implications%3F%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mlungisi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shabalala%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michele%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Toucher%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alistair%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Clulow%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%5C%2Fjanuary%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.scienta.2021.110628%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-10-18T09%3A36%3A04Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22W83ZI52T%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Shabalala%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EShabalala%2C%20M.%2C%20Toucher%2C%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Clulow%2C%20A.%20%282022%29.%20The%20Macadamia%20bloom%20%26%23×2014%3B%20What%20are%20the%20hydrological%20implications%3F%20%3Ci%3EScientia%20Horticulturae%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E292%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20110628%26%23×2013%3B110628.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.scienta.2021.110628%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.scienta.2021.110628%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DW83ZI52T%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20Macadamia%20bloom%20%5Cu2014%20What%20are%20the%20hydrological%20implications%3F%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mlungisi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shabalala%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michele%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Toucher%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alistair%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Clulow%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%5C%2Fjanuary%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.scienta.2021.110628%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22F3ERISX2%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-11-09T07%3A10%3A44Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22U7YWGVDX%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22South%20African%20Environmental%20Observation%20Network%2C%20Arid%20Lands%20Node%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-11-13%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ESouth%20African%20Environmental%20Observation%20Network%2C%20Arid%20Lands%20Node%2C%20Henschel%2C%20J.%20R.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20J%26%23xFC%3Brgens%2C%20N.%20%282022%29.%20Animals.%20%3Ci%3EBiodiversity%20%26amp%3B%20Ecology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E7%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20229%26%23×2013%3B249.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.7809%5C%2Fb-e.00369%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.7809%5C%2Fb-e.00369%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DU7YWGVDX%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Animals%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22South%20African%20Environmental%20Observation%20Network%2C%20Arid%20Lands%20Node%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joh%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Henschel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Norbert%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22J%5Cu00fcrgens%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20section%20introduces%20important%20animals%20that%20are%20not%20regarded%20as%20causing%20fairy%20circles.%20It%20is%20rather%20assumed%20that%20they%20take%20advantage%20of%20resources%20and%20structures%20provided%20by%20fairy%20circles.%20Some%20of%20them%20directly%20use%20the%20Sand%20termites%20as%20a%20food%20resource%20%28e.g.%20Aardvark%29%2C%20others%20occupy%20various%20positions%20within%20food%20webs%20at%20fairy%20circles%20%28e.g.%20Seothyra%20spiders%20feeding%20on%20Tetramorium%20ants%20which%20forage%20on%20Psammotermes%29.%20Others%20seem%20to%20simply%20make%20use%20of%20the%20soil%20moisture%20offered%20underneath%20the%20fairy%20circles%20bare%20patch%20%28e.g.%20the%20ant%20Carebara%20kunenesis%29.%20Namibian%20mountain%20zebra%20often%20use%20the%20open%20areas%20of%20the%20bare%20patch%20for%20dust%20bathing%20by%20rolling.%20Ostrich%20may%20also%20use%20fairy%20circles%20for%20dust%20bathing%20and%20sometimes%20establish%20nests%20inside.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022-11-13%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.7809%5C%2Fb-e.00369%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2216139801%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.biodiversity-plants.de%5C%2Fbiodivers_ecol%5C%2Farticle_meta.php%3FDOI%3D10.7809%5C%2Fb-e.00369%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22CM9YQJBN%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-09-20T07%3A29%3A45Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22UZP3H3JE%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Swartbooi%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-12%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ESwartbooi%2C%20T.%20B.%2C%20Rubidge%2C%20G.%2C%20Gibbs%2C%20M.%20D.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Ferg%2C%20E.%20E.%20%282022%29.%20Effect%20of%20a%20Hands-On%20Chemistry%20Intervention%20on%20the%20behavioural%20and%20effective%20attitudes%20of%20learners%20from%20low%20socio-economic%20high%20schools.%20%3Ci%3ESouth%20African%20Journal%20of%20Chemistry%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E76%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%20102%26%23×2013%3B110.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.17159%5C%2F0379-4350%5C%2F2022%5C%2Fv76a15%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.17159%5C%2F0379-4350%5C%2F2022%5C%2Fv76a15%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DUZP3H3JE%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Effect%20of%20a%20Hands-On%20Chemistry%20Intervention%20on%20the%20behavioural%20and%20effective%20attitudes%20of%20learners%20from%20low%20socio-economic%20high%20schools%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Swartbooi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rubidge%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marilyn%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gibbs%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ernst%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ferg%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22hTis%20research%20focused%20on%20the%20eefct%20that%20three%20easily%20accessible%2C%20cost-eefctive%2C%20and%20hands-on%20chemistry%20experiments%20which%20are%20aligned%20to%20Curriculum%20Assessment%20Policy%20Statements%20%28CAPS%29%2C%20had%20on%20Grade%209%20learners%20from%20low%20socio-economic%20high%20schools.%20These%20experiments%20were%20conducted%20in%20an%20aeftr-school%20science%20club%20format%20at%20two%20quintile-1%20high%20schools%20situated%20in%20Gqeberha%2C%20South%20Africa.%20The%20learners%27%20behavioural%20and%20aefctive%20attitudes%20were%20examined%20using%20group%20interviews%20%28n%20%3D%206%29%20and%20a%20survey%20%28n%20%3D%2061%29.%20The%20findings%20from%20this%20study%20showed%20that%20learners%20wanted%20to%20share%20knowledge%20with%20their%20peers%20and%20community%20aeftr%20learning%20new%20scientific%20skills%20at%20the%20science-club.%20Learners%20also%20recognized%20the%20economic%20and%20practical%20importance%20of%20science%20related%20careers.%20Responses%20revealed%20that%20learners%20lose%20interest%20if%20the%20science%20does%20not%20actively%20connect%20or%20engage%20with%20their%20current%20circumstances.%20This%20study%20also%20showed%20that%20learners%20were%20further%20motivated%20to%20pursue%20studies%20in%20Physical%20Science%20in%20Grades%2010%20to%2012.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022-12%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.17159%5C%2F0379-4350%5C%2F2022%5C%2Fv76a15%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fjournals.co.za%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.17159%5C%2F0379-4350%5C%2F2022%5C%2Fv76a15%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2285DCE2P4%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-03-13T14%3A24%3A15Z%22%7D%7D%5D%7D
Aldworth, T. A., Toucher, M. L. W., Clulow, A. D., & Swemmer, A. M. (2022). The effect of woody encroachment on evapotranspiration in a semi-arid savanna. Hydrology, 10(1), 9–9. Cite

Cunningham, E. M., Rico Seijo, N., Altieri, K. E., Audh, R. R., Burger, J. M., Bornman, T. G., Fawcett, S., Gwinnett, C. M. B., Osborne, A. O., & Woodall, L. C. (2022). The transport and fate of microplastic fibres in the Antarctic: The role of multiple global processes. Frontiers in Marine Science, 9. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2022.1056081 Cite

Dąbek, P., Gastineau, R., Bornman, T. G., Lemieux, C., Turmel, M., Hallegraeff, G., Mouget, J.-L., & Witkowski, A. (2022). The blue diatom Haslea ostrearia from the Indian Ocean coast of South Africa, with comparative analysis of Haslea organellar genomes. Frontiers in Marine Science, 9. https://doi.org/doi: 10.3389/fmars.2022.950716 Cite

Dean, W. R. J., Åhlander, E., & Johansson, U. S. (2022). Avian type localities and the type specimens collected by Johan August Wahlberg in southern Africa. Zootaxa, 5134(4), 521–560. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.3 Cite

Dippenaar, A. S., Dean, W. R. J., & Milton, S. J. (2022). A checklist of the spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) of Tierberg Long Term Ecological Research site, Prince Albert, Western Cape, South Africa. Cite

Edworthy, C., Potts, W., Dupont, S., Duncan, M., Bornman, T., & James, N. (2022). A baseline assessment of coastal pH variability in a temperate South African embayment: implications for biological ocean acidification research. African Journal of Marine Science, 44(4), 367–381. https://doi.org/10.2989/1814232X.2022.2147999 Cite

Findlay, N., Manson, A., Cromsigt, J. P. G. M., Gordijn, P., Nixon, C., Rietkerk, M., Thibaud, G., Wassen, M. J., & Beest, M. te. (2022). Long-term frequent fires do not decrease topsoil carbon and nitrogen in an Afromontane grassland. African Journal of Range & Forage Science, 39(1), 44-55-44–55. Cite

Gokool, S., Kunz, R. P., & Toucher, M. (2022). Deriving moderate spatial resolution leaf area index estimates from coarser spatial resolution satellite products. Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment, 100743–100743. Cite

Gokool, S., Kunz, R. P., & Toucher, M. (2022). Deriving moderate spatial resolution leaf area index estimates from coarser spatial resolution satellite products. Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment, 100743–100743. Cite

Graham, L. P., Andersson, L., Toucher, M. W., Wikner, J. J., & Wilk, J. (2022). Seasonal local rainfall and hydrological forecasting for Limpopo communities–A pragmatic approach. Climate Services, 27, 100308–100308. Cite

Gray, B. A., Toucher, M. L., Savage, M. J., & Clulow, A. D. (2022). Seasonal evapotranspiration over an invader vegetation (Pteridium aquilinum) in a degraded montane grassland using surface renewal. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, 40, 101012–101012. Cite

Gray, B. A., Toucher, M. L., Savage, M. J., & Clulow, A. D. (2022). Seasonal evapotranspiration over an invader vegetation (<i>Pteridium aquilinum<i/>) in a degraded montane grassland using surface renewal. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, 40, 101012–101012. Cite

Gula, J., Clay Green, M., Fritts, S., Dean, W. R. J., & Gopi Sundar, K. (2022). Assessments of range-wide distribution of six African storks and their relationships with protected areas. Ostrich, 93(1), 34–52. https://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2022.2045642 Cite

Harrison, R. L., van Tol, J., & Toucher, M. L. (2022). Using hydropedological characteristics to improve modelling accuracy in Afromontane catchments. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, 39, 100986–100986. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2021.100986 Cite

Harrison, R. L., van Tol, J., & Toucher, M. L. (2022). Using hydropedological characteristics to improve modelling accuracy in Afromontane catchments. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, 39, 100986–100986. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2021.100986 Cite

Harrison, R. L., van Tol, J., & Toucher, M. L. (2022). Using hydropedological characteristics to improve modelling accuracy in Afromontane catchments. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, 39, 100986–100986. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2021.100986 Cite

Harrison, R., von Tol Johan, & Suchet, P. A. (2022). Hydropedological characteristics of the Cathedral Peak research catchments. Hydrology, 9(189), 1-20-1–20. Cite

Haupt, T., Ceasar, J., Stefanoudis, P., von der Meden, C., Payne, R., Adams, L., Anders, D., Bernard, A., Coetzer, W., & Florence, W. (2022). The WIO Regional Benthic Imagery Workshop: Lessons from past IIOE-2 expeditions. Research Ideas and Outcomes, 8, e81563. Cite

Henschel, J. R., & Maggs-Kölling, G. (2022). Namibia Scientific Society and Gobabeb: 69. Cite

Henschel, J. R., & Wassenaar, T. D. (2022). Tenebrionid Beetle Diversity Increases with Aridity. 69. Cite

Holman, L. E., Parker-Nance, S., de Bruyn, M., Creer, S., Carvalho, G., & Rius, M. (2022). Managing human-mediated range shifts: understanding spatial, temporal and genetic variation in marine non-native species. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 377(1846), 20210025. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2021.0025 Cite

Holness, S. D., Harris, L. R., Chalmers, R., De Vos, D., Goodall, V., Truter, H., Oosthuizen, A., Bernard, A. T. F., Cowley, P. D., da Silva, C., Dicken, M., Edwards, L., Marchand, G., Martin, P., Murray, T. S., Parkinson, M. C., Pattrick, P., Pichegru, L., Pistorius, P., … Lombard, A. T. (2022). Using systematic conservation planning to align priority areas for biodiversity and nature-based activities in marine spatial planning: A real-world application in contested marine space. Biological Conservation, 271, 109574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109574 Cite

Huggett, J. A., Groeneveld, J. C., Singh, S. P., Willows-Munro, S., Govender, A., Cedras, R., & Deyzel, S. H. P. (2022). Metabarcoding of zooplankton to derive indicators of pelagic ecosystem status. South African Journal of Science, 118(11/12). https://doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2022/12977 Cite

Human, L. R. D., Els, J., Wasserman, J., & Adams, J. B. (2022). Blue carbon and nutrient stocks in salt marsh and seagrass from an urban African estuary. Science of The Total Environment, 842, 156955. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156955 Cite

Kellner, K., Fouche, J., Tongway, D., Boneschans, R., van Coller, H., & van Staden, N. (2022). Landscape Function Analysis: Responses to Bush Encroachment
in a Semi-Arid Savanna in the Molopo Region, South Africa. Sustainability, 14(8161). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/su14148616 Cite

Kremer-Köhne, S., Thompson, D., & Witkowski, E. (2022). Vegetation structure and composition associated with Aloe lettyae in dwindling grassland fragments: Fine-scale baseline data to underpin conservation efforts. South African Journal of Botany, 147, 1156–1163. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2022.02.010 Cite

Lemley, D. A., Human, L. R. D., Rishworth, G. M., Whitfield, E., & Adams, J. B. (2022). Managing the Seemingly Unmanageable: Water Quality and Phytoplankton Dynamics in a Heavily Urbanised Low-Inflow Estuary. Estuaries and Coasts. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-022-01128-z Cite

Maestre, F. T., Eldridge, D. J., Gross, N., Le Bagousse-Pinguet, Y., Saiz, H., Gozalo, B., Ochoa, V., & Gaitán, J. J. (2022). The BIODESERT survey: assessing the impacts of grazing on the structure and functioning of global drylands. Web Ecology, 22(2), 75–96. https://doi.org/10.5194/we-22-75-2022 Cite

Maestre, F. T., Le Bagousse-Pinguet, Y., Delgado-Baquerizo, M., Eldridge, D. J., Saiz, H., Berdugo, M., Gozalo, B., Ochoa, V., Guirado, E., García-Gómez, M., Valencia, E., Gaitán, J. J., Asensio, S., Mendoza, B. J., Plaza, C., Díaz-Martínez, P., Rey, A., Hu, H.-W., He, J.-Z., … Gross, N. (2022). Grazing and ecosystem service delivery in global drylands. Science, 378(6622), 915–920. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abq4062 Cite

Maponga, T., Ndagurwa, H., Muvengwi, J., Sebele, L., & Nzuma, T. (2022). The influence of African elephants on litter and soil nitrogen attributes in
mopane woodland in Hwange National Park, northwest Zimbabwe. Journal of Arid Environments, 204(104790). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2022.104790 Cite

Mawren, D., Hermes, J., & Reason, C. J. C. (2022). Marine heatwaves in the Mozambique Channel. Climate Dynamics, 58(1–2), 305–327. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-021-05909-3 Cite

Meyer-Milne, E., Brendonck, L., & Pinceel, T. (2022). Egg banks in dryland wetlands provide information on the diversity and vulnerability of branchiopod communities along a longitudinal aridity gradient. Wetlands Ecology and Management, 30(4), 813–826. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11273-021-09852-2 Cite

Mfikili, A. N., Bornman, T. G., & du Preez, D. R. (2022). Sediment deposition and its implications for vertical accretion in an intertidal salt marsh—A case study of a microtidal estuary along the southeast coast of South Africa. Regional Studies in Marine Science, 51, 102203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2022.102203 Cite

Milton, S. J., Short, S., & Dean, W. R. J. (2022). Decline in whistling rat ( Parotomys brantsii ) density: Possible response to climate change in the Karoo, South Africa. African Journal of Ecology, 60(4), 969–979. https://doi.org/10.1111/aje.13063 Cite

Musengi, K., & Van der Merwe, H. (2022). Long-term monitoring of Aloidendron dichotomum populations: Does tracking individuals make a difference to general demographic findings? South African Journal of Botany, 152, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2022.12.002 Cite

Nel, M. A., Rubidge, G., Adams, J. B., & Human, L. R. D. (2022). Contributions of Wetland Plants on Metal Accumulation in Sediment. Sustainability, 14(6), 3679. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14063679 Cite

Olisah, C., Rubidge, G., Human, L. R. D., & Adams, J. B. (2022). Organophosphate pesticides in South African eutrophic estuaries: Spatial distribution, seasonal variation, and ecological risk assessment. Environmental Pollution, 306, 119446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119446 Cite

Oliver, B., Veitch, J., & Reason, C. J. C. (2022). Variability in High Wave Energy Events Around the Southern African Coast. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 127(3). https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JC018255 Cite

Puccinelli, E., Porri, F., Altieri, K., Flynn, R., Little, H., Louw, T., Pattrick, P., Sparks, C., Tsanwani, M., de Waardt, S., Walker, D., & Fawcett, S. (2022). Coastal ecosystem services in South Africa’s largest natural bay: The role of marine benthic filter feeders in mitigating pollution. Ecological Indicators, 139, 108899. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.108899 Cite

Ragoasha, M. N., Herbette, S., Veitch, J., Cambon, G., Reason, C. J. C., & Roy, C. (2022). Inter‐Annual Variability of the Along‐Shore Lagrangian Transport Success in the Southern Benguela Current Upwelling System. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 127(3). https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JC017114 Cite

Rogers, D. C., & Meyer-Milne, E. (2022). Review of the Limnadiidae (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Spinicaudata) of southern Africa. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 42(1), ruac019. https://doi.org/10.1093/jcbiol/ruac019 Cite

Russo, C. S., Veitch, J., Carr, M., Fearon, G., & Whittle, C. (2022). An Intercomparison of Global Reanalysis Products for Southern Africa’s Major Oceanographic Features. Frontiers in Marine Science, 9, 837906. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.837906 Cite

Schmitt, M., Stears, K., Donovan, M., Burkepile, D., & Thompson, D. (2022). Integrating herbivore assemblages and woody plant cover in an African savanna to reveal how herbivores respond to ecosystem management. PLoS ONE, 18(8), e0273917. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273917 Cite

Seymour, C. L., Joseph, G. S., Calitz, W., Henschel, J. R., Ramaswiela, T., & van der Merwe, H. (2022). Mean height increase in saplings of a keystone woody savanna species over 15 years similar to that over a single season. Ecosphere, 13(9). https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4173 Cite

Shabalala, M., Toucher, M., & Clulow, A. (2022). The Macadamia bloom – What are the hydrological implications? Scientia Horticulturae, 292, 110628–110628. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2021.110628 Cite

Shabalala, M., Toucher, M., & Clulow, A. (2022). The Macadamia bloom — What are the hydrological implications? Scientia Horticulturae, 292, 110628–110628. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2021.110628 Cite

South African Environmental Observation Network, Arid Lands Node, Henschel, J. R., & Jürgens, N. (2022). Animals. Biodiversity & Ecology, 7, 229–249. https://doi.org/10.7809/b-e.00369 Cite

Swartbooi, T. B., Rubidge, G., Gibbs, M. D., & Ferg, E. E. (2022). Effect of a Hands-On Chemistry Intervention on the behavioural and effective attitudes of learners from low socio-economic high schools. South African Journal of Chemistry, 76(1), 102–110. https://doi.org/10.17159/0379-4350/2022/v76a15 Cite






2021
2592029
2021
items
1
0
author
asc
1
218
https://www.saeon.ac.za/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
%7B%22status%22%3A%22success%22%2C%22updateneeded%22%3Afalse%2C%22instance%22%3A%22zotpress-c7f20ebd8e021b1220c86163fda76e59%22%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22request_last%22%3A100%2C%22request_next%22%3A50%2C%22used_cache%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22data%22%3A%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%22KVEUCVEH%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Abraham%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAbraham%2C%20J.%20O.%2C%20Goldberg%2C%20E.%20R.%2C%20Botha%2C%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Staver%2C%20A.%20C.%20%282021%29.%20Heterogeneity%20in%20African%20savanna%20elephant%20distributions%20and%20their%20impacts%20on%20trees%20in%20Kruger%20National%20Park%2C%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EEcology%20and%20Evolution%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E11%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2810%29%2C%205624%26%23×2013%3B5634.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fece3.7465%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fece3.7465%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DKVEUCVEH%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Heterogeneity%20in%20African%20savanna%20elephant%20distributions%20and%20their%20impacts%20on%20trees%20in%20Kruger%20National%20Park%2C%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joel%20O.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Abraham%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Emily%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Goldberg%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Judith%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Botha%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20Carla%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Staver%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Though%20elephants%20are%20a%20major%20cause%20of%20savanna%20tree%20mortality%20and%20threaten%20vulnerable%20tree%20species%2C%20managing%20their%20impact%20remains%20difficult%2C%20in%20part%20because%20relatively%20little%20is%20known%20about%20how%20elephant%20impacts%20are%20distributed%20throughout%20space.%20This%20is%20exacerbated%20by%20uncertainty%20about%20what%20determines%20the%20distribution%20of%20elephants%20themselves%2C%20as%20well%20as%20whether%20the%20distribution%20of%20elephants%20is%20even%20informative%20for%20understanding%20the%20distribution%20of%20their%20impacts.%20To%20better%20understand%20the%20factors%20that%20underlie%20elephant%20impacts%2C%20we%20modeled%20elephant%20distributions%20and%20their%20damage%20to%20trees%20with%20respect%20to%20soil%20properties%2C%20water%20availability%2C%20and%20vegetation%20in%20Kruger%20National%20Park%2C%20South%20Africa%2C%20using%20structural%20equation%20modeling.%20We%20found%20that%20bull%20elephants%20and%20mixed%20herds%20differed%20markedly%20in%20their%20distributions%2C%20with%20bull%20elephants%20concentrating%20in%20sparsely%20treed%20basaltic%20sites%20close%20to%20artificial%20waterholes%20and%20mixed%20herds%20aggregating%20around%20permanent%20rivers%2C%20particularly%20in%20areas%20with%20little%20grass.%20Surprisingly%2C%20we%20also%20found%20that%20the%20distribution%20of%20elephant%20impacts%2C%20while%20highly%20heterogeneous%2C%20was%20largely%20unrelated%20to%20the%20distribution%20of%20elephants%20themselves%2C%20with%20damage%20concentrated%20instead%20in%20densely%20treed%20areas%20and%20particularly%20on%20basaltic%20soils.%20Results%20underscore%20the%20importance%20of%20surface%20water%20for%20elephants%20but%20suggest%20that%20elephant%20water%20dependence%20operates%20together%20with%20other%20landscape%20factors%2C%20particularly%20vegetation%20community%20composition%20and%20historical%20management%20interventions%2C%20to%20influence%20elephant%20distributions.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2Fece3.7465%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2220457758%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A42%3A18Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%223FHVM8SY%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Addo-Bediako%20and%20Rasifudi%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-05-28%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAddo-Bediako%2C%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Rasifudi%2C%20L.%20%282021%29.%20Spatial%20distribution%20of%20heavy%20metals%20in%20the%20Ga-Selati%20River%20of%20the%20Olifants%20River%20System%2C%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EChemistry%20and%20Ecology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E37%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%285%29%2C%20450%26%23×2013%3B463.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F02757540.2021.1888937%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F02757540.2021.1888937%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D3FHVM8SY%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Spatial%20distribution%20of%20heavy%20metals%20in%20the%20Ga-Selati%20River%20of%20the%20Olifants%20River%20System%2C%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Abraham%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Addo-Bediako%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lwendo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rasifudi%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20Ga-Selati%20River%20is%20subjected%20to%20different%20forms%20of%20pollution%20from%20mining%2C%20industrial%20and%20agricultural%20activities%2C%20and%20human%20settlements.%20The%20objectives%20of%20the%20study%20were%20to%20assess%20heavy%20metal%20pollution%20and%20to%20determine%20possible%20sources%20of%20pollutants%20in%20the%20river.%20Water%20and%20sediment%20samples%20were%20collected%20and%20analysed%20for%20the%20following%20selected%20metals%3A%20arsenic%20%28As%29%2C%20chromium%20%28Cr%29%2C%20iron%20%28Fe%29%2C%20manganese%20%28Mn%29%2C%20nickel%20%28Ni%29%20and%20zinc%20%28Zn%29%20using%20sequential%20Inductively%20Coupled%20Plasma-optical%20emission%20spectrometry%20%28ICP-OES%29.%20The%20enrichment%20factor%20%28EF%29%20and%20geo-accumulation%20index%20%28Igeo%29%20were%20used%20to%20determine%20the%20level%20of%20metal%20pollution%20in%20the%20sediment.%20The%20results%20indicated%20that%20Cr%20and%20Ni%20were%20the%20most%20accumulated%20elements%20in%20the%20sediments%2C%20and%20the%20midstream%20sites%20%28S4%20and%20S5%29%20showed%20a%20much%20higher%20pollution%20level%20than%20the%20upstream%20and%20downstream%20sites.%20The%20main%20sources%20of%20pollutants%20were%20mining%2C%20wastewater%5C%2Fsewage%20and%20agricultural%20discharges.%20This%20may%20pose%20a%20serious%20threat%20to%20the%20river%20and%20health%20risk%20to%20the%20nearby%20rural%20communities%2C%20which%20rely%20on%20the%20river%2C%20especially%20for%20drinking%20water.%20Proper%20management%20strategies%20to%20reduce%20pollution%20is%20therefore%20necessary.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22May%2028%2C%202021%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1080%5C%2F02757540.2021.1888937%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220275-7540%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F02757540.2021.1888937%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22V2872773%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-06-30T13%3A48%3A30Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%224XH9LAMR%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Aulenbach%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAulenbach%2C%20B.%20T.%2C%20Hooper%2C%20R.%20P.%2C%20van%20Meerveld%2C%20H.%20J.%2C%20Burns%2C%20D.%20A.%2C%20Freer%2C%20J.%20E.%2C%20Shanley%2C%20J.%20B.%2C%20Huntington%2C%20T.%20G.%2C%20McDonnell%2C%20J.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Peters%2C%20N.%20E.%20%282021%29.%20The%20evolving%20perceptual%20model%20of%20streamflow%20generation%20at%20the%20Panola%20Mountain%20Research%20Watershed.%20%3Ci%3EHydrological%20Processes%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E35%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29%2C%201%26%23×2013%3B14.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fhyp.14127%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fhyp.14127%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D4XH9LAMR%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20evolving%20perceptual%20model%20of%20streamflow%20generation%20at%20the%20Panola%20Mountain%20Research%20Watershed%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Brent%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Aulenbach%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Richard%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hooper%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22van%20Meerveld%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Douglas%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Burns%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22James%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Freer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22James%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shanley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thomas%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Huntington%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jeffrey%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McDonnell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Norman%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Peters%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20Panola%20Mountain%20Research%20Watershed%20%28PMRW%29%20is%20a%2041-hectare%20forested%20catchment%20within%20the%20Piedmont%20Province%20of%20the%20Southeastern%20United%20States.%20Observations%2C%20experimentation%2C%20and%20numerical%20modelling%20have%20been%20conducted%20at%20Panola%20over%20the%20past%2035%20years.%20But%20to%20date%2C%20these%20studies%20have%20not%20been%20fully%20incorporated%20into%20a%20more%20comprehensive%20synthesis.%20Here%20we%20describe%20the%20evolving%20perceptual%20understanding%20of%20streamflow%20generation%20mechanisms%20at%20the%20PMRW.%20We%20show%20how%20the%20long-term%20study%20has%20enabled%20insights%20that%20were%20initially%20unforeseen%20but%20are%20also%20unachievable%20in%20short-term%20studies.%20In%20particular%2C%20we%20discuss%20how%20the%20accumulation%20of%20field%20evidence%2C%20detailed%20site%20characterization%2C%20and%20modelling%20enabled%20a%20priori%20hypotheses%20to%20be%20formed%2C%20later%20rejected%2C%20and%20then%20further%20refined%20through%20repeated%20field%20campaigns.%20The%20extensive%20characterization%20of%20the%20soil%20and%20bedrock%20provided%20robust%20process%20insights%20not%20otherwise%20achievable%20from%20hydrometric%20measurements%20and%20numerical%20modelling%20alone.%20We%20focus%20on%20two%20major%20aspects%20of%20streamflow%20generation%3A%20the%20role%20of%20hillslopes%20%28and%20their%20connection%20to%20the%20riparian%20zone%29%20and%20the%20role%20of%20catchment%20storage%20in%20controlling%20fluxes%20and%20transit%20times%20of%20water%20in%20the%20catchment.%20Finally%2C%20we%20present%20location-independent%20hypotheses%20based%20on%20our%20findings%20at%20PMRW%20and%20suggest%20ways%20to%20assess%20the%20representativeness%20of%20PMRW%20in%20the%20broader%20context%20of%20headwater%20watersheds.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2Fhyp.14127%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2210991085%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A42%3A16Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%222BZ6YPC6%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Barnard%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBarnard%2C%20S.%2C%20Morgenthal%2C%20T.%20L.%2C%20Stolz%2C%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Venter%2C%20A.%20%282021%29.%20Impact%20of%20land-use%20and%20flow%20conditions%20on%20the%20phytoplankton%20of%20the%20Sabie%20River%2C%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EBothalia%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E51%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%201%26%23×2013%3B18.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.38201%5C%2Fbtha.abc.v51.i1.6%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.38201%5C%2Fbtha.abc.v51.i1.6%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D2BZ6YPC6%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Impact%20of%20land-use%20and%20flow%20conditions%20on%20the%20phytoplankton%20of%20the%20Sabie%20River%2C%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sandra%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Barnard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Theunis%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Morgenthal%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michaela%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stolz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Arthurita%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Venter%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Background%3A%20The%20understanding%20of%20the%20impact%20of%20land-use%20on%20the%20dynamics%20of%20phytoplankton%20assemblages%20during%20varying%20climate%20conditions%20on%20rivers%20is%20limited.%20Objective%3A%20To%20determine%20the%20impact%20of%20land-use%20types%20and%20flow%20on%20phytoplankton%20assemblages%20in%20the%20Sabie%20River.%20Methods%3A%20The%20relationships%20between%20land-use%20patterns%2C%20water%20quality%20and%20phytoplankton%20assemblages%20were%20analysed%20using%20canonical%20correspondence%20analyses%20%28CCA%29.%20Results%3A%20Six%20main%20land-use%20types%20could%20be%20distinguished%20in%20the%20eight%20identified%20sub-catchments%20of%20the%20river.%20The%20CCA%20results%20showed%20that%20the%20land-use%20had%20a%20stronger%20correlation%20with%20phytoplankton%20classes%20during%20the%20higher%20flow%20conditions%20than%20during%20low%20flow%20conditions.%20The%20forestry%20land-use%20type%20had%20the%20strongest%20correlation%20with%20nitrate%5Cu2013nitrite%20concentrations%20in%20the%20Sabie%20River.%20Chlorophyll-a%20concentrations%20were%20higher%20during%202016%2C%20and%20a%20slightly%20lower%20number%20of%20genera%20were%20observed%20for%20the%20class%20Chlorophyceae.%20During%202017%20the%20number%20of%20genera%20of%20the%20class%20Cyanophyceae%20decreased%20together%20with%20chlorophyll-a%20and%20total%20cell%20concentrations.%20Conclusion%3A%20Low%20flow%20conditions%20favoured%20filamentous%20genera%20that%20are%20common%20to%20mesotrophic%20conditions%20while%20higher%20flow%20conditions%20favoured%20single-celled%20small%20genera%20more%20common%20to%20oligotrophic%20waters%20with%20higher%20disturbance.%20This%20study%20showed%20that%20flow%20has%20the%20potential%20to%20enhance%20the%20impact%20of%20land-use%20on%20phytoplankton%20community%20dynamics%20in%20a%20river%20system%20and%20thereby%20may%20have%20further%20impacts%20on%20the%20health%20and%20activities%20of%20surrounding%20communities.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.38201%5C%2Fbtha.abc.v51.i1.6%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2223119284%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A59%3A13Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22L9Y59BJ5%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bernard%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBernard%2C%20A.%2C%20Juby%2C%20R.%2C%20Haupt%2C%20T.%2C%20von%20der%20Meden%2C%20C.%2C%20Snyders%2C%20L.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20van%20der%20Heever%2C%20G.%20%282021%29.%20%3Ci%3EVideo%20demonstrating%20how%20to%20set-up%2C%20deploy%20and%20operate%20a%20Baited%20Remote%20Underwater%20Video%20System.%5BTraining%20Video%5D%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DL9Y59BJ5%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Video%20demonstrating%20how%20to%20set-up%2C%20deploy%20and%20operate%20a%20Baited%20Remote%20Underwater%20Video%20System.%5BTraining%20Video%5D%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anthony%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bernard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Roxanne%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Juby%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tanya%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Haupt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Charles%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22von%20der%20Meden%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Laurenne%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Snyders%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Grant%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22van%20der%20Heever%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BGDWYJZJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-04-06T07%3A26%3A45Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22QVCC9U6X%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Blair%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBlair%2C%20A.%20M.%20%282021%29.%20%3Ci%3EThe%20complex%20socio-ecological%20system%20of%20the%20lowveld%20marula%20bioeconomy%20catchment%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%5BPhD%20dissertation%5D.%20University%20of%20the%20Witwatersrand.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DQVCC9U6X%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22thesis%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20complex%20socio-ecological%20system%20of%20the%20lowveld%20marula%20bioeconomy%20catchment%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Amy%20M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Blair%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20iconic%20species%20Sclerocarya%20birrea%20subsp.%20caffra%2C%20locally%20known%20as%20marula%2C%20is%20an%20ecologically%20important%20savanna%20tree%2C%20valued%20as%20much%20culturally%20as%20it%20is%20economically.%20Marula%20is%20a%20keystone%20species%20and%20vital%20natural%20resource%20with%20limited%20demographic%20data%20on%20the%20current%20population%20status%20outside%20of%20conservation%20areas.%20Communities%20harvest%20marula%20within%20non-conservation%20area%20communal%20lands%20in%20the%20lowveld%20region%20of%20far%20north-east%20South%20Africa.%20Across%20these%20non-conservative%20savannas%2C%20marula%20is%20an%20important%20source%20of%20non-timber%20forest%20products%20%28NTFP%29%2C%20with%20populations%20affected%20by%20a%20range%20of%20socio-economic%20factors.%20Specifically%2C%20marula%20products%20provide%20livelihood%20sustenance%20for%20local%20communities%20in%20these%20savanna%20woodlands%20of%20southern%20Africa.%20However%2C%20the%20fruit%20products%20are%20increasingly%20being%20commercialized%2C%20which%20in%20addition%20to%20heavy%20reliance%20on%20fuelwood%2C%20is%20increasing%20resource%20pressure%20and%20starting%20to%20degrade%20this%20resource.%20As%20an%20ecologically%20important%20savanna%20species%2C%20it%20is%20imperative%20to%20understand%20if%20this%20resource%20use%20is%20sustainable.%20Understanding%20environmental%20degradation%20requires%20examining%20landscape%20changes%20over%20multiple%20spatial%20and%20temporal%20scales.%20%5CnLandscape%20ecology%20emphasises%20patterns%2C%20processes%20and%20scales%20that%20result%20from%20combined%20ecological%20and%20social%20drivers%20of%20change.%20Addressing%20environmental%20degradation%20within%20complex%20socio-ecological%20systems%20%28SES%29%20necessitates%20the%20coupling%20of%20ecological%20and%20social%20sciences%20in%20order%20to%20interrogate%20the%20mutual%20interactions%20between%20the%20social%20and%20environmental%20elements%20of%20the%20system.%20Applying%20a%20socio-economic%20lens%20to%20environmental%20degradation%20further%20links%20social%20meaning%20and%20symbolism%20to%20physical%20findings%2C%20allowing%20social%20ecologists%20to%20comprehend%20SES%20contexts%20where%20ecological%20data%20alone%20tells%20an%20incomplete%20story.%20With%20increasing%20environmental%20degradation%2C%20the%20imperative%20to%20combine%20quantitative%20data%20with%20qualitative%20research%2C%20in%20order%20to%20address%20the%20underlying%20causes%20of%20SES%20change%2C%20has%20never%20been%20more%20pertinent.%20Considering%20the%20context%20of%20the%20complex%20SES%20of%20the%20lowveld%20marula%20bioeconomy%2C%20marula%20trees%20are%20utilised%20for%20a%20variety%20of%20socio-economic%20reasons%20across%20different%20land-use%20types%20in%20these%20non-conservation%20areas.%20Understanding%20if%20resource%20use%20is%20sustainable%20requires%20therefore%20interrogating%20population%20demography%20across%20different%20land-use%20types.%5CnThe%20aim%20of%20this%20study%20was%20to%20provide%20an%20updated%20inventory%20of%20marula%20population%20demographics%20linked%20to%20resource%20utilisation%20practices.%20As%20a%20heavily%20utilised%20natural%20resource%2C%20marula%20demographic%20data%20is%20used%20as%20a%20key%20indicator%20of%20population%20changes%20across%20not%20only%20land-use%20types%2C%20but%20also%20geographical%20zones.%20The%20key%20ecological%20indicators%20of%20marula%20density%2C%20gender%20ratios%2C%20mortality%2C%20tree%20damage%2C%20maturity%20ratios%20and%20size-class%20distributions%20were%20used%20to%20gauge%20marula%20population%20demographics%20within%20the%20lowveld%20areas%20of%20Phalaborwa%20and%20Bushbuckridge.%20Additionally%2C%20temporal%20comparisons%20are%20provided%20for%20the%20Bushbuckridge%20area%2C%20where%20a%20previous%20data%20set%20exists%2C%20allowing%20for%20a%2015-year%20comparison.%20Ecological%20data%20from%205832%20surveyed%20marula%20trees%20coupled%20with%20240%20individual%20household%20interviews%20and%20numerous%20informal%20focus%20groups%20were%20combined%20to%20understand%20the%20marula%20bioeconomy%20catchment.%20Social%20data%20for%20different%20behaviour%20patterns%20were%20used%20to%20provide%20context%20and%20explain%20anomalies%20in%20the%20population%20demographic%20data.%5CnMarula%20tree%20population%20data%20were%20gathered%20in%20rangeland%20transects%20and%20randomly%20selected%20fields%20and%20yards%20from%20eight%20human%20settlements%2C%20divided%20equally%20between%20the%20Bushbuckridge%20and%20Ba-Phalaborwa%20municipalities.%20Population%20structures%20can%20be%20gauged%20by%20comparing%20tree%20density%20and%20size-class%20distribution%20%28SCD%29%20profiles%20across%20the%20three%20land-use%20types%20%28homestead%20yards%2C%20fields%20and%20rangelands%29%20prevalent%20in%20these%20savanna%20socio-ecological%20systems.%20When%20combining%20density%20data%20with%20SCD%20profiling%2C%20it%20is%20apparent%20that%20land-use%20and%20harvesting%20practices%20are%20sustainable%20at%20present%20and%20that%20marula%20population%20structures%20are%20stable.%20However%2C%20certain%20trends%20in%20the%20ecological%20data%20suggest%20that%20there%20is%20cause%20for%20concern.%20In%20both%20Bushbuckridge%20%28mean%20%3D%2025.7%5Cu00b14.1%20trees%5C%2Fha%29%20and%20Phalaborwa%20%28mean%20%3D%2013.9%5Cu00b11.9%20trees%5C%2Fha%29%2C%20overall%20density%20was%20highest%20in%20yards.%20While%20this%20would%20appear%20to%20reject%20the%20hypothesis%20of%20decreasing%20density%20with%20increasing%20anthropogenic%20interference%2C%20the%20ecological%20data%20alone%20only%20tells%20part%20of%20the%20story.%20Juvenile%20populations%20comprising%20large%20numbers%20of%20seedlings%20were%20common%20in%20yards%2C%20which%20the%20social%20data%20revealed%20was%20the%20direct%20result%20of%20discarded%20kernels%20from%20marula%20beer%20making.%20These%20seedling%20populations%20caused%20elevated%20overall%20mean%20densities%20in%20yards.%20Respondents%20indicated%20that%20these%20individuals%20are%20usually%20removed%20after%20a%20season%2C%20meaning%20that%20the%20majority%20do%20not%20recruit%20through%20to%20adulthood.%20While%20comparisons%20with%20previous%20studies%20showed%20that%20overall%20marula%20densities%20have%20increased%20in%20homestead%20yards%2C%20they%20have%20been%20rapidly%20decreasing%20in%20rangelands%20over%20a%2015-year%20period%2C%20suggesting%20intense%20resource%20use%2C%20particularly%20for%20fuelwood.%5CnFemale%20densities%20were%20higher%20than%20male%20densities%20in%20yards%20in%20both%20Bushbuckridge%20and%20Phalabarwa%20but%20not%20in%20either%20fields%20or%20rangelands%2C%20with%20the%20social%20data%20once%20again%20revealing%20that%20this%20selection%20is%20due%20to%20the%20prioritisation%20of%20female%20trees%20as%20the%20fruit%20producers.%20Male%20trees%20will%20therefore%20be%20selectively%20cut%20when%20land%20is%20cleared%20for%20residential%20plots.%20The%20preference%20for%20the%20female%20tree%20with%20it%5Cu2019s%20valuable%20fruit%20has%20resulted%20in%20a%20departure%20from%20the%201%3A1%20ratio%20expected%20in%20dioecious%20species%2C%20specifically%20in%20yards%20where%20the%20female%20tree%20is%20maintained%20for%20it%5Cu2019s%20combined%20cultural%20and%20economic%20status.%20These%20findings%20are%20important%20as%20they%20indicate%20that%20value%20attribution%20can%20lead%20to%20species%20conservation%20where%20the%20cultural%20capital%20of%20a%20specific%20natural%20resource%20is%20high.%20Due%20to%20the%20numerous%20seedlings%20in%20homesteads%2C%20yards%20had%20negative%20size-class%20distributions%20%28SCD%29%20in%20both%20locations%2C%20indicating%20strong%20recruitment%2C%20whereas%20rangelands%20displayed%20positive%20slopes%20in%20both%20locations%2C%20indicating%20the%20opposite.%20This%20suggests%20possible%20overharvesting%20in%20rangelands%2C%20with%20the%20collection%20of%20all%20available%20fruit%20under%20the%20parent%20tree%20as%20a%20likely%20key-contributing%20factor%20to%20diminished%20recruitment.%20In%20both%20locations%2C%20adult%20and%20large%20adult%20populations%20were%20highest%20in%20rangelands%20with%20the%20social%20surveys%20indicating%20that%20the%20larger%20trees%20are%20chopped%20down%20in%20yards%20due%20to%20the%20concern%20that%20marula%5Cu2019s%20extensive%20branch%20and%20root%20systems%20might%20destroy%20roofs%20and%20building%20foundations%20respectively.%20Furthermore%2C%20according%20to%20the%20social%20accounts%20provided%20by%20respondents%2C%20the%20declining%20large%20trees%20across%20land-use%20types%20are%20attributed%20to%20extended%20drought%20conditions.%20Mortality%20increased%20across%20the%20land-use%20types%20from%20yards%20to%20rangelands%20in%20Phalaborwa%2C%20while%20the%20opposite%20trend%20occurred%20in%20Bushbuckridge%20with%20mortality%20increasing%20from%20rangelands%20to%20yards.%20In%20both%20locations%2C%20primary%20damage%20increased%20along%20the%20gradient%20from%20yards%20to%20rangelands.%20While%20instances%20of%20mortality%20and%20tree%20damage%20were%20minimal%2C%20complete%20removal%20of%20chopped%20trees%20in%20yards%20and%20rangelands%20means%20that%20there%20is%20likely%20insufficient%20evidence%20to%20create%20an%20accurate%20overall%20picture%20of%20negative%20resource%20practices.%5Cn%5CnUnderstanding%20the%20causes%20of%20resource%20conservation%20and%20degradation%20in%20the%20context%20of%20important%20NTFPs%20is%20a%20key%20knowledge%20challenge.%20In%20light%20of%20demographic%20changes%20from%20increased%20resource%20use%20in%20recent%20years%2C%20this%20study%20serves%20as%20an%20updated%20inventory%20benchmark%20for%20marula%20populations%20in%20the%20area.%20Important%20lessons%20learned%20here%20can%20be%20applied%20to%20socio-ecological%20contexts%20where%20key%20natural%20resources%20are%20responsible%20for%20sustaining%20livelihoods.%20By%20linking%20marula%20population%20demographic%20data%20with%20the%20specific%20social%20behaviour%20patterns%20that%20shape%20these%20data%2C%20it%20is%20possible%20to%20provide%20new%20insights%20regarding%20the%20use%20of%20a%20key%20non-timber%20forest%20product%20%28NTFP%29%20within%20the%20complex%20socio-ecological%20system%20of%20the%20lowveld%20marula%20bioeconomy%20catchment.%22%2C%22thesisType%22%3A%22PhD%20dissertation%22%2C%22university%22%3A%22University%20of%20the%20Witwatersrand%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%228VPML3VD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-06-28T11%3A08%3A59Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22M2MKA9TK%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Blair%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBlair%2C%20A.%20M.%2C%20Thompson%2C%20D.%20I.%2C%20Twine%2C%20W.%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Grab%2C%20S.%20W.%20%282021%29.%20The%20social-ecological%20drivers%20across%20land-use%20intersects%20driving%20marula%20tree%20population%20dynamics%20in%20north-eastern%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EForest%20Ecology%20and%20Management%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E492%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%28119209%29.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.foreco.2021.119209%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.foreco.2021.119209%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DM2MKA9TK%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20social-ecological%20drivers%20across%20land-use%20intersects%20driving%20marula%20tree%20population%20dynamics%20in%20north-eastern%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Amy%20M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Blair%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dave%20I%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thompson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wayne%20C%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Twine%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stefan%20W%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Grab%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22doi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.foreco.2021.119209%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%228VPML3VD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-06-21T13%3A54%3A59Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%226HYXC9XF%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Blair%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBlair%2C%20A.%20M.%2C%20Thompson%2C%20D.%20I.%2C%20Twine%2C%20W.%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Grab%2C%20S.%20%282021%29.%20The%20social-ecological%20drivers%20across%20land-use%20intersects%20driving%20marula%20tree%20population%20dynamics%20in%20north-eastern%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EForest%20Ecology%20and%20Management%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E492%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%28January%29%2C%20119209.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.foreco.2021.119209%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.foreco.2021.119209%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D6HYXC9XF%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20social-ecological%20drivers%20across%20land-use%20intersects%20driving%20marula%20tree%20population%20dynamics%20in%20north-eastern%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Amy%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Blair%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dave%20I.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thompson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wayne%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Twine%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stefan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Grab%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22A%20range%20of%20social%20and%20economic%20factors%20impact%20tree%20species%2C%20such%20as%20Sclerocarya%20birrea%20subsp.%20caffra%20%28marula%29%2C%20which%20provide%20livelihood%20sustenance%20for%20local%20communities%20in%20the%20savanna%20woodlands%20of%20southern%20Africa.%20As%20an%20ecologically%20important%20savanna%20species%2C%20valued%20both%20culturally%20and%20economically%2C%20it%20is%20imperative%20to%20understand%20if%20resource%20use%20is%20sustainable.%20Population%20stability%20can%20be%20understood%20by%20comparing%20tree%20density%20and%20size-class%20distribution%20%28SCD%29%20profiles%20across%20land-use%20types%20%28homestead%20yards%2C%20fields%20and%20rangelands%29%20in%20non-conservation%20savanna%20social-ecological%20systems.%20Marula%20tree%20population%20data%20were%20gathered%20in%20rangeland%20transects%20and%20randomly%20selected%20fields%20and%20yards%20from%20four%20human%20settlements%20in%20the%20Bushbuckridge%20municipality%20of%20north-eastern%20South%20Africa.%20Total%20density%20was%20lowest%20in%20fields%20%28mean%20%5Cu00b1%20SE%20%3D%207.4%20%5Cu00b1%200.7%20trees%5C%2Fha%29%20and%20highest%20in%20homestead%20yards%20%28mean%20%5Cu00b1%20SE%20%3D%2025.7%20%5Cu00b1%204.1%20trees%5C%2Fha%29.%20Social%20data%20revealed%20that%20elevated%20seedling%20and%20sapling%20population%20densities%20in%20yards%20is%20linked%20to%20discarded%20kernels%20from%20marula%20beer%20making.%20Total%20densities%20increased%20in%20yards%20over%20a%2015-year%20period%20but%20declined%20in%20rangelands%2C%20with%20female%20densities%20remaining%20almost%20constant%20across%20land-use%20types%20over%20this%20period.%20This%20is%20an%20important%20finding%20as%20it%20is%20a%20strong%20indication%20of%20socially-mediated%20population%20structure%20changes%2C%20confirming%20that%20combined%20cultural%20and%20economic%20value%20can%20lead%20to%20examples%20of%20species%20conservation.%20In%20this%20case%2C%20the%20prioritization%20of%20female%20trees%20as%20the%20distinguished%20fruit%20producers.%20SCD%20revealed%20weak%20recruitment%20in%20fields%20and%20rangelands.%20Diminished%20regeneration%2C%20combined%20with%20overharvesting%20for%20fuelwood%20in%20rangelands%20and%20felling%20trees%20in%20yards%2C%20is%20likely%20to%20negatively%20impact%20population%20stability%20in%20the%20long-term.%20Understanding%20resource%20conservation%20and%20degradation%20in%20the%20context%20of%20important%20non-timber%20forest%20products%20%28NTFPs%29%20is%20a%20key%20knowledge%20challenge%2C%20with%20this%20study%20serving%20as%20an%20updated%20inventory%20benchmark%20for%20marula%20populations%20in%20the%20area.%20Important%20lessons%20learned%20here%20can%20be%20applied%20to%20other%20social-ecological%20contexts%20where%20a%20key%20natural%20resource%20is%20responsible%20for%20sustaining%20livelihoods.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.foreco.2021.119209%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2203781127%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.foreco.2021.119209%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A01%3A23Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2292UEHV7E%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bora%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-07%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBora%2C%20Z.%2C%20Wang%2C%20Y.%2C%20Xu%2C%20X.%2C%20Angassa%2C%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20You%2C%20Y.%20%282021%29.%20Effects%20comparison%20of%20co-occurring%20Vachellia%20tree%20species%20on%20understory%20herbaceous%20vegetation%20biomass%20and%20soil%20nutrient%3A%20Case%20of%20semi-arid%20savanna%20grasslands%20in%20southern%20Ethiopia.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Arid%20Environments%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E190%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20104527.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jaridenv.2021.104527%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jaridenv.2021.104527%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D92UEHV7E%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Effects%20comparison%20of%20co-occurring%20Vachellia%20tree%20species%20on%20understory%20herbaceous%20vegetation%20biomass%20and%20soil%20nutrient%3A%20Case%20of%20semi-arid%20savanna%20grasslands%20in%20southern%20Ethiopia%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Zinabu%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bora%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yongdong%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Xinwen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Xu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ayana%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Angassa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yuan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22You%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20spread%20of%20woody%20plant%20encroachment%20is%20a%20major%20concern%20as%20it%20adversely%20affects%20herbaceous%20plant%20community%20composition%20in%20a%20savanna%20ecosystem.%20Assessing%20the%20canopy%20effects%20of%20co-occurring%20encroaching%20and%20non-encroaching%20woody%20plant%20species%20on%20the%20understory%20herbaceous%20vegetation%20biomass%20and%20the%20soil%20nutrient%20status%20can%20improve%20our%20understandings%20of%20the%20link%20between%20biological%20invasions%20and%20herbaceous%20plant%20community%20ecology.%20We%20examined%20the%20canopy%20and%20adjacent%20inter-canopy%20effects%20of%20encroaching%20and%20non-encroaching%20Vachellia%20species%20which%20was%20previously%20known%20as%20Acacia%20on%20herbaceous%20vegetation%20biomass%20in%20Southern%20Ethiopia.%20A%20total%20of%2012%20encroaching%20%28Vachellia%20drepanolobium%29%20and%2012%20non-encroaching%20%28Vachellia%20tortilis%29%20tree%20species%20were%20selected%20both%20at%20an%20upland%20and%20a%20bottomland%20site.%20A%201%20m%20%5Cu00d7%201%20m%20quadrat%20was%20used%20to%20investigate%20the%20canopy%20effects%20of%20individual%20tree%20species%20and%20inter-canopy%20habitats%20on%20herbaceous%20vegetation%20biomass.%20Soil%20samples%20were%20collected%20under%20the%20canopy%20of%20selected%20tree%20species%20and%20the%20adjacent%20inter-canopy%20habitat%20at%20a%20depth%20of%200%5Cu201310%20cm%20and%2010%5Cu201320%20cm%20both%20at%20the%20upland%20and%20bottomland%20site.%20With%20fixed%20effect%20ANOVA%2C%20we%20evaluated%20the%20effects%20of%20landforms%20%28upland%20or%20bottomland%29%2C%20tree%20species%20%28Vachellia%20drepanolobium%20or%20Vachellia%20tortilis%29%20and%20habitats%20%28canopy%20or%20inter-canopy%20habitat%29%20on%20total%20herbaceous%20biomass%2C%20perennial%20herbaceous%20species%20biomass%20and%20annual%20herbaceous%20species%20biomass.%20There%20was%20no%20significant%20%28P%20%5C%5Ctextgreater%200.05%29%20difference%20between%20the%20canopy%20and%20inter-canopy%20habitat%20of%20V.%20drepanolobium%20and%20V.%20tortilis%20in%20terms%20of%20the%20total%20herbaceous%20biomass%20and%20annual%20herbaceous%20vegetation%20at%20the%20bottomland%20position.%20The%20canopy%20of%20V.%20drepanolobium%20had%20a%20negative%20effect%20on%20the%20biomass%20production%20of%20herbaceous%20perennial%20species%20both%20at%20the%20bottomland%20and%20upland%20site.%20On%20the%20contrary%2C%20the%20canopy%20of%20V.%20tortilis%20had%20a%20significantly%20positive%20%28P%20%5C%5Ctextless%200.05%29%20effect%20on%20the%20biomass%20production%20of%20herbaceous%20perennial%20plants%20at%20the%20bottomland%20site.%20Generally%2C%20more%20soil%20organic%20matter%20accumulation%20was%20recorded%20under%20the%20canopy%20of%20V.%20tortilis%20than%20it%20was%20either%20under%20the%20canopy%20of%20V.%20drepanolobium%20or%20in%20the%20open%20savanna%20grasslands.%20Our%20findings%20indicated%20that%20encroaching%20tree%20species%20canopy%20and%20co-occurring%20non-encroaching%20tree%20species%20canopy%20had%20a%20predominantly%20different%20influence%20on%20herbaceous%20vegetation%20biomass.%20It%20seemed%20that%20encroaching%20tree%20species%20in%20savannas%20had%20a%20high%20acquisition%20and%20competition%20for%20resources.%20The%20findings%20can%20help%20improve%20our%20understanding%20on%20the%20herbaceous%20biomass%20predictions%20of%20different%20life%20forms%20in%20a%20community%20of%20encroached%20grasslands%20and%20non-encroached%20grasslands%20in%20southern%20Ethiopia.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021-07%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.jaridenv.2021.104527%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221095922X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A01%3A58Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22T8H7WH3X%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Buisson%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBuisson%2C%20E.%2C%20Fidelis%2C%20A.%2C%20Overbeck%2C%20G.%20E.%2C%20Schmidt%2C%20I.%20B.%2C%20Durigan%2C%20G.%2C%20Young%2C%20T.%20P.%2C%20Alvardo%2C%20S.%20T.%2C%20Arruda%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Boisson%2C%20S.%2C%20Bond%2C%20W.%2C%20Coutinho%2C%20A.%2C%20Kirkman%2C%20K.%2C%20Oliveira%2C%20R.%20S.%2C%20Schmitt%2C%20M.%20H.%2C%20Siebert%2C%20F.%2C%20Siebert%2C%20S.%20J.%2C%20Thompson%2C%20D.%20I.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Silveira%2C%20F.%20%282021%29.%20A%20research%20agenda%20for%20the%20restoration%20of%20tropical%20and%5Cnsubtropical%20grasslands%20and%20savannas.%20%3Ci%3ERestoration%20Ecology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E29%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%28S1%29%2C%201%26%23×2013%3B18.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2Fdoi%3A%2010.1111%5C%2Frec.13292%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2Fdoi%3A%2010.1111%5C%2Frec.13292%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DT8H7WH3X%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20research%20agenda%20for%20the%20restoration%20of%20tropical%20and%5Cnsubtropical%20grasslands%20and%20savannas%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elise%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Buisson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alessandra%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fidelis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gerhard%20E%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Overbeck%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Isabel%20B%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schmidt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Giselda%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Durigan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Truman%20P%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Young%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Swanni%20T%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Alvardo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andre%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Arruda%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sylvian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Boisson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bond%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andre%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Coutinho%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kevin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kirkman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rafael%20S%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Oliveira%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Melissa%20H%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schmitt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Frances%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Siebert%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stefan%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Siebert%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dave%20I%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thompson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fernando%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Silveira%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Despite%20growing%20recognition%20of%20the%20conservation%20value%20of%20grassy%20biomes%2C%20our%20understanding%20of%20how%20to%20restore%20biodiverse%20tropical%20and%20subtropical%20grassy%20biomes%20%28grasslands%20and%20savannas%3B%20TGB%29%20remains%20limited.%20Several%20tools%20have%20recently%20been%20identified%20for%20TGB%20restoration%2C%20including%20prescribed%20fires%2C%20appropriate%20management%20of%20livestock%20and%20wild%20herbivores%2C%20tree%20cutting%20and%20shrub%5Cnremoval%2C%20invasive%20species%20control%2C%20and%20the%20reintroduction%20of%20native%20grasses%20and%20forbs%20via%20seeding%20or%20transplants.%20However%2C%20additional%20research%20for%20improved%20TGB%20restoration%20is%20needed.%20This%20article%20aims%20to%20identify%20ecological%20research%20priorities%20for%20TGB%20restoration.%5CnThe%20following%20points%20are%20crucial%20to%20scale%20up%20TGB%20restoration%20and%20meet%20the%20challenges%20of%20the%20UN%20Restoration%20Decade.%20Research%20should%20focus%20on%3A%20disentangling%20the%20reasons%20why%20TGB%20are%20often%20undervalued%20and%20misunderstood%3B%20mapping%20TGB%20restoration%20opportunities%3B%20identifying%20regions%20where%20TGB%20and%20other%20biomes%20naturally%20exist%20as%20alternative%20stable%20states%3B%20recognizing%20areas%20with%20natural%20regeneration%20potential%20to%20avoid%20unnecessary%20intervention%3B%20restoring%20soil%20conditions%3B%20disentangling%20factors%5Cndriving%20low%20seed%20quality%2C%20determining%20germination%20requirements%20and%20developing%20vegetative%20propagation%20techniques%20for%20TGB%20species%3B%20disentangling%20the%20limiting%20factors%20and%20key%20ecological%20processes%20underlying%20seedling%20establishment%20and%20community%5Cnassembly%3B%20improving%20and%20validating%20long-term%20management%20to%20mimic%20natural%20disturbance%20regimes%3B%20setting%20the%20minimum%20attributes%20of%20desirable%20TGB%20in%20terms%20of%20structure%2C%20composition%2C%20functioning%2C%20and%20resilience%3B%20and%20improving%20monitoring%20of%20restoration%5Cnoutcomes.%20Such%20research%20has%20the%20potential%20to%20advance%20theory%2C%20policy%2C%20and%20practice%20in%20TGB%20restoration%2C%20ultimately%20resulting%20in%20long-term%20benefits%20for%20people%20and%20nature%20in%20some%20of%20the%20more%20neglected%20ecosystems%20of%20our%20planet.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22doi%3A%2010.1111%5C%2Frec.13292%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%228VPML3VD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-06-30T07%3A39%3A27Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22X2NWKFAQ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Buisson%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBuisson%2C%20E.%2C%20Fidelis%2C%20A.%2C%20Overbeck%2C%20G.%20E.%2C%20Schmidt%2C%20I.%20B.%2C%20Durigan%2C%20G.%2C%20Young%2C%20T.%20P.%2C%20Alvarado%2C%20S.%20T.%2C%20Arruda%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Boisson%2C%20S.%2C%20Bond%2C%20W.%2C%20Coutinho%2C%20A.%2C%20Kirkman%2C%20K.%2C%20Oliveira%2C%20R.%20S.%2C%20Schmitt%2C%20M.%20H.%2C%20Siebert%2C%20F.%2C%20Siebert%2C%20S.%20J.%2C%20Thompson%2C%20D.%20I.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Silveira%2C%20F.%20A.%20O.%20%282021%29.%20A%20research%20agenda%20for%20the%20restoration%20of%20tropical%20and%20subtropical%20grasslands%20and%20savannas.%20%3Ci%3ERestoration%20Ecology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E29%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%28S1%29%2C%201%26%23×2013%3B18.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Frec.13292%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Frec.13292%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DX2NWKFAQ%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20research%20agenda%20for%20the%20restoration%20of%20tropical%20and%20subtropical%20grasslands%20and%20savannas%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elise%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Buisson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alessandra%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fidelis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gerhard%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Overbeck%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Isabel%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schmidt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Giselda%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Durigan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Truman%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Young%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Swanni%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Alvarado%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andr%5Cu00e9%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Arruda%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sylvain%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Boisson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bond%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andr%5Cu00e9%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Coutinho%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kevin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kirkman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rafael%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Oliveira%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Melissa%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schmitt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Frances%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Siebert%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stefan%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Siebert%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dave%20I.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thompson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fernando%20A.O.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Silveira%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Despite%20growing%20recognition%20of%20the%20conservation%20value%20of%20grassy%20biomes%2C%20our%20understanding%20of%20how%20to%20restore%20biodiverse%20tropical%20and%20subtropical%20grassy%20biomes%20%28grasslands%20and%20savannas%3B%20TGB%29%20remains%20limited.%20Several%20tools%20have%20recently%20been%20identified%20for%20TGB%20restoration%2C%20including%20prescribed%20fires%2C%20appropriate%20management%20of%20livestock%20and%20wild%20herbivores%2C%20tree%20cutting%20and%20shrub%20removal%2C%20invasive%20species%20control%2C%20and%20the%20reintroduction%20of%20native%20grasses%20and%20forbs%20via%20seeding%20or%20transplants.%20However%2C%20additional%20research%20for%20improved%20TGB%20restoration%20is%20needed.%20This%20article%20aims%20to%20identify%20ecological%20research%20priorities%20for%20TGB%20restoration.%20The%20following%20points%20are%20crucial%20to%20scale%20up%20TGB%20restoration%20and%20meet%20the%20challenges%20of%20the%20UN%20Restoration%20Decade.%20Research%20should%20focus%20on%3A%20disentangling%20the%20reasons%20why%20TGB%20are%20often%20undervalued%20and%20misunderstood%3B%20mapping%20TGB%20restoration%20opportunities%3B%20identifying%20regions%20where%20TGB%20and%20other%20biomes%20naturally%20exist%20as%20alternative%20stable%20states%3B%20recognizing%20areas%20with%20natural%20regeneration%20potential%20to%20avoid%20unnecessary%20intervention%3B%20restoring%20soil%20conditions%3B%20disentangling%20factors%20driving%20low%20seed%20quality%2C%20determining%20germination%20requirements%20and%20developing%20vegetative%20propagation%20techniques%20for%20TGB%20species%3B%20disentangling%20the%20limiting%20factors%20and%20key%20ecological%20processes%20underlying%20seedling%20establishment%20and%20community%20assembly%3B%20improving%20and%20validating%20long-term%20management%20to%20mimic%20natural%20disturbance%20regimes%3B%20setting%20the%20minimum%20attributes%20of%20desirable%20TGB%20in%20terms%20of%20structure%2C%20composition%2C%20functioning%2C%20and%20resilience%3B%20and%20improving%20monitoring%20of%20restoration%20outcomes.%20Such%20research%20has%20the%20potential%20to%20advance%20theory%2C%20policy%2C%20and%20practice%20in%20TGB%20restoration%2C%20ultimately%20resulting%20in%20long-term%20benefits%20for%20people%20and%20nature%20in%20some%20of%20the%20more%20neglected%20ecosystems%20of%20our%20planet.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Frec.13292%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221526100X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A01%3A21Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22MAURQZDX%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Carbutt%20and%20Thompson%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECarbutt%2C%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Thompson%2C%20D.%20I.%20%282021%29.%20Mountain%20Watch%3A%20How%20LT%28S%29ER%20is%20Safeguarding%20Southern%20Africa%26%23×2019%3Bs%20People%20and%20Biodiversity%20for%20a%20Sustainable%20Mountain%20Future.%20%3Ci%3ELand%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E10%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281024%29%2C%201%26%23×2013%3B27.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3390%5C%2Fland10101024%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3390%5C%2Fland10101024%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DMAURQZDX%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Mountain%20Watch%3A%20How%20LT%28S%29ER%20is%20Safeguarding%20Southern%20Africa%27s%20People%20and%20Biodiversity%20for%20a%20Sustainable%20Mountain%20Future%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Clinton%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Carbutt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dave%20I%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thompson%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22doi.org%5C%2F10.3390%5C%2Fland10101024%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%228VPML3VD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-11-22T09%3A37%3A44Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22Q9IYR93J%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Chang%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EChang%2C%20J.%2C%20Ciais%2C%20P.%2C%20Gasser%2C%20T.%2C%20Smith%2C%20P.%2C%20Herrero%2C%20M.%2C%20Havl%26%23xED%3Bk%2C%20P.%2C%20Obersteiner%2C%20M.%2C%20Guenet%2C%20B.%2C%20Goll%2C%20D.%20S.%2C%20Li%2C%20W.%2C%20Naipal%2C%20V.%2C%20Peng%2C%20S.%2C%20Qiu%2C%20C.%2C%20Tian%2C%20H.%2C%20Viovy%2C%20N.%2C%20Yue%2C%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Zhu%2C%20D.%20%282021%29.%20Climate%20warming%20from%20managed%20grasslands%20cancels%20the%20cooling%20effect%20of%20carbon%20sinks%20in%20sparsely%20grazed%20and%20natural%20grasslands.%20%3Ci%3ENature%20Communications%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E12%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41467-020-20406-7%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41467-020-20406-7%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DQ9IYR93J%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Climate%20warming%20from%20managed%20grasslands%20cancels%20the%20cooling%20effect%20of%20carbon%20sinks%20in%20sparsely%20grazed%20and%20natural%20grasslands%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jinfeng%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Philippe%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ciais%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thomas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gasser%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pete%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Smith%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mario%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Herrero%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Petr%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Havl%5Cu00edk%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Obersteiner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bertrand%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Guenet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Daniel%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Goll%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wei%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Li%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Victoria%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Naipal%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Shushi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Peng%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chunjing%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Qiu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hanqin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tian%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicolas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Viovy%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chao%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yue%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zhu%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Grasslands%20absorb%20and%20release%20carbon%20dioxide%20%28CO2%29%2C%20emit%20methane%20%28CH4%29%20from%20grazing%20livestock%2C%20and%20emit%20nitrous%20oxide%20%28N2O%29%20from%20soils.%20Little%20is%20known%20about%20how%20the%20fluxes%20of%20these%20three%20greenhouse%20gases%2C%20from%20managed%20and%20natural%20grasslands%20worldwide%2C%20have%20contributed%20to%20past%20climate%20change%2C%20or%20the%20roles%20of%20managed%20pastures%20versus%20natural%20grasslands.%20Here%2C%20global%20trends%20and%20regional%20patterns%20of%20the%20full%20greenhouse%20gas%20balance%20of%20grasslands%20are%20estimated%20for%20the%20period%201750%20to%202012.%20A%20new%20spatially%20explicit%20land%20surface%20model%20is%20applied%2C%20to%20separate%20the%20direct%20effects%20of%20human%20activities%20from%20land%20management%20and%20the%20indirect%20effects%20from%20climate%20change%2C%20increasing%20CO2%20and%20regional%20changes%20in%20nitrogen%20deposition.%20Direct%20human%20management%20activities%20are%20simulated%20to%20have%20caused%20grasslands%20to%20switch%20from%20a%20sink%20to%20a%20source%20of%20greenhouse%20gas%2C%20because%20of%20increased%20livestock%20numbers%20and%20accelerated%20conversion%20of%20natural%20lands%20to%20pasture.%20However%2C%20climate%20change%20drivers%20contributed%20a%20net%20carbon%20sink%20in%20soil%20organic%20matter%2C%20mainly%20from%20the%20increased%20productivity%20of%20grasslands%20due%20to%20increased%20CO2%20and%20nitrogen%20deposition.%20The%20net%20radiative%20forcing%20of%20all%20grasslands%20is%20currently%20close%20to%20neutral%2C%20but%20has%20been%20increasing%20since%20the%201960s.%20Here%2C%20we%20show%20that%20the%20net%20global%20climate%20warming%20caused%20by%20managed%20grassland%20cancels%20the%20net%20climate%20cooling%20from%20carbon%20sinks%20in%20sparsely%20grazed%20and%20natural%20grasslands.%20In%20the%20face%20of%20future%20climate%20change%20and%20increased%20demand%20for%20livestock%20products%2C%20these%20findings%20highlight%20the%20need%20to%20use%20sustainable%20management%20to%20preserve%20and%20enhance%20soil%20carbon%20storage%20in%20grasslands%20and%20to%20reduce%20greenhouse%20gas%20emissions%20from%20managed%20grasslands.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1038%5C%2Fs41467-020-20406-7%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2220411723%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41467-020-20406-7%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A02%3A01Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2242I7QDQP%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Clark%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-03%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EClark%2C%20V.%20R.%2C%20Kunkel%2C%20K.%2C%20O%26%23×2019%3BConnor%2C%20T.%2C%20Jewitt%2C%20D.%2C%20Sekhele%2C%20N.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Kirkman%2C%20K.%20%282021%29.%20Montane%20rangelands%20in%20a%20changing%20world.%20%3Ci%3EAfrican%20Journal%20of%20Range%20%26amp%3B%20Forage%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E38%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%20iii-vi-iii%26%23×2013%3Bvi.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F10220119.2021.1886434%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F10220119.2021.1886434%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D42I7QDQP%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Montane%20rangelands%20in%20a%20changing%20world%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22V.%20Ralph%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Clark%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kyran%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kunkel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tim%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22O%27Connor%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Debbie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jewitt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ntebohiseng%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sekhele%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kevin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kirkman%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%5C%2Fmarch%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.2989%5C%2F10220119.2021.1886434%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-03T13%3A14%3A54Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22MPYK27TE%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Clark%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-03%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EClark%2C%20V.%20R.%2C%20Kunkel%2C%20K.%2C%20O%26%23×2019%3BConnor%2C%20T.%2C%20Jewitt%2C%20D.%2C%20Sekhele%2C%20N.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Kirkman%2C%20K.%20%282021%29.%20Montane%20rangelands%20in%20a%20changing%20world.%20%3Ci%3EAfrican%20Journal%20of%20Range%20%26amp%3B%20Forage%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E38%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%20iii-vi-iii%26%23×2013%3Bvi.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F10220119.2021.1886434%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F10220119.2021.1886434%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DMPYK27TE%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Montane%20rangelands%20in%20a%20changing%20world%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22V.%20Ralph%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Clark%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kyran%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kunkel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tim%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22O%27Connor%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Debbie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jewitt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ntebohiseng%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sekhele%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kevin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kirkman%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%5C%2Fmarch%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.2989%5C%2F10220119.2021.1886434%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-03T13%3A18%3A28Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22Y9YFL9ZU%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Clark%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-03%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EClark%2C%20V.%20R.%2C%20Kunkel%2C%20K.%2C%20O%26%23×2019%3BConnor%2C%20T.%2C%20Jewitt%2C%20D.%2C%20Sekhele%2C%20N.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Kirkman%2C%20K.%20%282021%29.%20Montane%20rangelands%20in%20a%20changing%20world.%20%3Ci%3EAfrican%20Journal%20of%20Range%20%26amp%3B%20Forage%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E38%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%20iii-vi-iii%26%23×2013%3Bvi.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F10220119.2021.1886434%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F10220119.2021.1886434%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DY9YFL9ZU%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Montane%20rangelands%20in%20a%20changing%20world%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22V.%20Ralph%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Clark%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kyran%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kunkel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tim%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22O%27Connor%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Debbie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jewitt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ntebohiseng%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sekhele%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kevin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kirkman%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%5C%2Fmarch%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.2989%5C%2F10220119.2021.1886434%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22F3ERISX2%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-11-09T07%3A13%3A17Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22W34QDKJA%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Cotiyane-Pondo%20and%20Bornman%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECotiyane-Pondo%2C%20P.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Bornman%2C%20T.%20G.%20%282021%29.%20Environmental%20Heterogeneity%20Determines%20Diatom%20Colonisation%20on%20Artificial%20Substrata%3A%20Implications%20for%20Biomonitoring%20in%20Coastal%20Marine%20Waters.%20%3Ci%3EFrontiers%20in%20Ecology%20and%20Evolution%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E9%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.frontiersin.org%5C%2Farticles%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Ffevo.2021.767960%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.frontiersin.org%5C%2Farticles%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Ffevo.2021.767960%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DW34QDKJA%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Environmental%20Heterogeneity%20Determines%20Diatom%20Colonisation%20on%20Artificial%20Substrata%3A%20Implications%20for%20Biomonitoring%20in%20Coastal%20Marine%20Waters%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Phumlile%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cotiyane-Pondo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thomas%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bornman%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Benthic%20diatoms%20form%20an%20important%20component%20of%20the%20microphytobenthos%20and%20have%20long%20been%20utilised%20as%20suitable%20bioindicators%20in%20aquatic%20systems.%20However%2C%20knowledge%20on%20benthic%20diatom%20community%20succession%20on%20hard%20substrata%20%28biofilm%29%20remains%20understudied%20in%20austral%20marine%20coastal%20systems.%20In%20this%20study%2C%20we%20investigated%20benthic%20diatom%20colonisation%20on%20artificial%20substrates%20%28Plexiglass%29%20over%20a%20period%20of%205%20weeks%20at%20two%20locations%20with%20different%20physical%20environments%20along%20the%20warm%20temperate%20coast%20of%20South%20Africa.%20Results%20revealed%20relatively%20similar%20physico-chemical%20conditions%20but%20highly%20contrasting%20diatom%20community%20development%20were%20observed%20between%20the%20two%20sites.%20While%20there%20were%20some%20shared%20taxa%2C%20site-specific%20dynamics%20resulted%20in%20significantly%20different%20diatom%20species%20diversity%20and%20richness%2C%20facilitated%20by%20common%20%28e.g.%2C%20Nitzschia%20ventricosa%20and%20Cocconeis%20scutellum%29%20and%20a%20large%20percentage%20of%20rarely%20observed%20species%20such%20as%20Cocconeis%20testudo%20and%20Lyrella%20lyra.%20A%20total%20of%20134%20species%20belonging%20to%2044%20genera%20were%20observed%20during%20the%20study.%20The%20overall%20diatom%20composition%20differed%20spatio-temporally%20during%20the%20experimental%20period%2C%20with%20the%20fluctuating%20species%20occurrences%20and%20abundances%20highlighting%20the%20rapid%20microalgal%20species%20turnover%20within%20days%2C%20under%20natural%20conditions.%20Environmental%20variables%20were%20shown%20to%20have%20varying%20influences%20as%20drivers%20of%20the%20diatom%20community%20descriptors.%20Multivariate%20modelling%20confirmed%20that%20study%20site%20and%20the%20interaction%20between%20site%20and%20sampling%20occasion%20were%20important%20predictors%20of%20diatom%20abundances%2C%20and%20the%20overall%20observed%20community%20composition.%20The%20current%20results%20suggest%20that%20benthic%20diatoms%20on%20artificial%20substrata%20could%20be%20incorporated%20as%20suitable%20indicators%20of%20change%20along%20the%20coastline%20subject%20to%20further%20investigations%2C%20taking%20into%20account%20site-specific%20differences%20driven%20by%20habitat%20complexity%20and%20environmental%20variability.%20The%20experimental%20method%20proved%20to%20be%20efficient%20and%20can%20be%20implemented%20to%20study%20the%20response%20of%20benthic%20diatoms%20to%20localised%20nutrient%20enrichment%20around%20the%20coastline.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222296-701X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.frontiersin.org%5C%2Farticles%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Ffevo.2021.767960%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2285DCE2P4%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-26T10%3A59%3A48Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22QSRVW6LC%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Davis-Reddy%20and%20Hilgart%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDavis-Reddy%2C%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Hilgart%2C%20A.%20%282021%29.%20Toward%20an%20Interoperable%20National%20Hazards%20Events%20Database%20for%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EFrontiers%20in%20Climate%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E3%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Ffclim.2021.591020%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Ffclim.2021.591020%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DQSRVW6LC%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Toward%20an%20Interoperable%20National%20Hazards%20Events%20Database%20for%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Claire%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Davis-Reddy%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Amelia%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hilgart%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22South%20Africa%5Cu2019s%20National%20Disaster%20Policy%20and%20international%20reporting%20requirements%20including%20the%20Sendai%20Framework%20for%20Disaster%20Risk%20Reduction%202015-2030%20and%20the%20Sustainable%20Development%20Goals%20require%20reporting%20databases%20on%20disaster%20losses%20in%20order%20to%20facilitate%20evidence-based%20decisions%20and%20actions.%20Data%20fragmentation%2C%20gaps%20in%20data%20availability%2C%20spatial%20and%20temporal%20aggregations%2C%20poor%20data%20quality%2C%20and%20lack%20of%20metadata%20are%20South%20Africa%5Cu2019s%20most%20significant%20challenges%20to%20improved%20risk%20management%20planning%2C%20mitigation%2C%20and%20disaster%20loss%20reporting.%20Researchers%20need%20to%20discover%20and%20access%20scale-%20and%20task-appropriate%20data%20in%20order%20to%20integrate%20into%20their%20models%20or%20analyses.%20Although%20there%20is%20a%20growing%20number%20of%20international%20and%20national%20initiatives%20aimed%20at%20publishing%20disaster%20loss%20data%2C%20open%20access%2C%20integration%20and%20reuse%20remains%20difficult%20due%20to%20interoperability%20barriers%20to%20working%20with%20datasets.%20The%20current%20COVID-19%20Pandemic%20has%20placed%20a%20number%20of%20these%20challenges%20at%20the%20forefront%20with%20the%20issues%20of%20access%20to%20trustworthy%20data%20coming%20under%20scrutiny.%20We%20consider%20the%20current%20sources%20of%20disaster%20data%20for%20South%20Africa%20and%20present%20our%20recommended%20solutions%20built%20into%20an%20online%20disaster%20reporting%20prototype%20system.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.3389%5C%2Ffclim.2021.591020%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222624-9553%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.frontiersin.org%5C%2Farticles%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Ffclim.2021.591020%5C%2Ffull%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%224ZZ3HNUN%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-04-07T11%3A17%3A58Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22EMHPN3YR%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22de%20Deus%20Vidal%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-12%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3Ede%20Deus%20Vidal%2C%20J.%2C%20le%20Roux%2C%20P.%20C.%2C%20Johnson%2C%20S.%20D.%2C%20te%20Beest%2C%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Clark%2C%20V.%20R.%20%282021%29.%20Beyond%20the%20Tree-Line%3A%20The%20C%203-C%204%20%26%23x201C%3BGrass-Line%26%23x201D%3B%20Can%20Track%20Global%20Change%20in%20the%20World%26%23×2019%3Bs%20Grassy%20Mountain%20Systems.%20%3Ci%3EFrontiers%20in%20Ecology%20and%20Evolution%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E9%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DEMHPN3YR%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Beyond%20the%20Tree-Line%3A%20The%20C%203-C%204%20%5Cu201cGrass-Line%5Cu201d%20Can%20Track%20Global%20Change%20in%20the%20World%5Cu2019s%20Grassy%20Mountain%20Systems%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jo%5Cu00e3o%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22de%20Deus%20Vidal%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22le%20Roux%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Steven%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Johnson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mariska%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22te%20Beest%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Vincent%20Ralph%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Clark%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%5C%2Fdecember%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22F3ERISX2%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-11-09T07%3A12%3A25Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22KFZBNSPA%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Dean%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-12-16%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDean%2C%20W.%20R.%20J.%20%282021%29.%20A%20review%20of%20the%20conservation%20status%20of%20birds%20in%20the%20Guineo%26%23×2010%3BCongolian%20forest%20of%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Field%20Ornithology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20jofo.12388.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fjofo.12388%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fjofo.12388%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DKFZBNSPA%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20review%20of%20the%20conservation%20status%20of%20birds%20in%20the%20Guineo%5Cu2010Congolian%20forest%20of%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%20Richard%20John%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dean%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20Guineo-Congolian%20%5Cu201crain%5Cu201d%20forest%20%28G-C%20forest%29%20in%20West%20and%20Central%20Africa%20is%20threatened%20by%20deforestation.%20From%201975%20to%202013%2C%20the%20extent%20of%20the%20G-C%20forest%20decreased%20by%2037%25%2C%20from%20about%20131%2C000%20to%2083%2C000%20km2.%20Overall%2C%2046%25%20of%20bird%20species%20in%20the%20G-C%20forest%20%28123%20of%20268%29%20have%20declining%20populations%2C%20and%20about%2031%20species%20%2812%25%29%20are%20categorized%20as%20endangered%2C%20near%20threatened%2C%20or%20vulnerable.%20Impacts%20of%20harvesting%20for%20%5Cu201cbushmeat%5Cu201d%20and%20the%20cage%20bird%20industry%20are%20largely%20unknown%2C%20but%2C%20of%2060%20species%20of%20birds%20in%20the%20G-C%20forest%20known%20to%20be%20hunted%20or%20trapped%2C%20six%20are%20categorized%20as%20vulnerable%2C%20one%20as%20near%20threatened%2C%20and%20one%20as%20endangered.%20In%20addition%2C%2035%20of%20the%2060%20species%20are%20estimated%20to%20have%20decreasing%20populations%2C%2018%20species%20have%20stable%20populations%2C%20and%20three%20are%20increasing%20in%20number.%20The%20impacts%20of%20clearing%20or%20disturbing%20G-C%20forest%20to%20cultivate%20cash%20crops%20are%20not%20fully%20known%2C%20except%20that%20avian%20diversity%20is%20markedly%20reduced%20in%20such%20areas.%20Traditional%20%5Cu201csacred%20groves%2C%5Cu201d%20mostly%20small%20patches%20of%20forest%2C%20are%20not%20formally%20designated%20as%20conservation%20areas%2C%20but%20may%20serve%20as%20protected%20sites%20for%20some%20species%20of%20birds.%20Temperatures%20have%20increased%20and%20rainfall%20has%20decreased%20over%20the%20last%20%5Cufb01ve%20decades%20in%20West%20Africa.%20These%20changes%20will%20likely%20contribute%20to%20a%20further%20loss%20of%20suitable%20habitat%20for%20range-restricted%20species%20of%20birds.%20In%20addition%2C%20species%20currently%20found%20in%20lowland%20and%20montane%20habitats%20may%20be%20forced%20to%20move%20to%20higher%20elevations.%20Of%2053%20species%20of%20birds%20found%20in%20lowland%20habitat%2C%20%5Cufb01ve%20are%20endangered%2C%20seven%20are%20near%20threatened%2C%2011%20are%20vulnerable%2C%20and%20one%20is%20data%20de%5Cufb01cient%2C%20suggesting%20that%20~44%25%20of%20lowland%20species%20may%20have%20an%20increased%20risk%20of%20extinction.%20Countries%20with%20G-C%20forest%20all%20have%20large%20human%20populations%20with%20high%20incidences%20of%20poverty%2C%20resources%20harvested%20at%20unsustainable%20rates%2C%20and%20increasing%20rates%20of%20deforestation.%20Networks%20of%20large%20protected%20areas%20in%20West%20and%20Central%20Africa%2C%20with%20much%20tighter%20controls%20over%20unsustainable%20harvesting%2C%20are%20urgently%20needed%20to%20ensure%20conservation%20of%20the%20birds%20and%2C%20more%20generally%2C%20the%20biodiversity%20of%20the%20G-C%20forest.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021-12-16%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fjofo.12388%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220273-8570%2C%201557-9263%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fjofo.12388%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22CM9YQJBN%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-03-17T07%3A33%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%229I4RYBMB%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Deventer%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDeventer%2C%20H.%20V.%2C%20Adams%2C%20J.%20B.%2C%20Durand%2C%20J.%20F.%2C%20Grobler%2C%20R.%2C%20Grundling%2C%20P.%20L.%2C%20van%20Rensburg%2C%20S.%20J.%2C%20Jewitt%2C%20D.%2C%20Kelbe%2C%20B.%2C%20MacKay%2C%20C.%20F.%2C%20Naidoo%2C%20L.%2C%20Nel%2C%20J.%20L.%2C%20Pretorius%2C%20L.%2C%20Riddin%2C%20T.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Niekerk%2C%20L.%20V.%20%282021%29.%20Conservation%20conundrum%20%26%23×2013%3B%20Red%20listing%20of%20subtropical-temperate%20coastal%20forested%20wetlands%20of%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EEcological%20Indicators%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E130%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20108077%26%23×2013%3B108077.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.ecolind.2021.108077%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.ecolind.2021.108077%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D9I4RYBMB%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Conservation%20conundrum%20%5Cu2013%20Red%20listing%20of%20subtropical-temperate%20coastal%20forested%20wetlands%20of%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%20Van%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deventer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Adams%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Durand%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Grobler%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Grundling%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20Janse%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22van%20Rensburg%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jewitt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kelbe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22MacKay%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Naidoo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jeanne%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pretorius%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Riddin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%20Van%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Niekerk%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Africa%5Cu2019s%20range-restricted%20and%20transitional%20subtropical-temperate%20coastal%20forested%20wetlands%20are%20facing%20interlinking%20threats%20of%20climate%20and%20anthropogenic%20pressures.%20We%20assessed%20their%20conservation%20status%20using%20the%20criteria%20of%20the%20International%20Union%20for%20Conservation%20of%20Nature%20%28IUCN%29.%20Their%20total%20areal%20extent%20was%20hind-casted%20to%20the%20reference%20epoch%202000%2C%20followed%20by%20the%20quantification%20of%20subsequent%20total%20losses%20in%20areal%20extents%20for%20the%20epochs%202005%2C%202008%2C%202011%20and%202017.%20South%20Africa%20had%20120%5Cu00a0km2%20of%20coastal%20swamp%20and%20floodplain%20forests%20in%202000%20of%20which%20the%20majority%20%28116.5%5Cu00a0km2%29%20occurred%20on%20the%20Maputaland%20Coastal%20Plain%20%28MCP%29.%20By%202011%2C%2020%25%20of%20the%20areal%20extent%20was%20lost%2C%20and%20at%20the%20lowest%20rate%20of%20decline%20we%20estimate%20that%5Cu00a0%5Cu2265%5Cu00a080%25%20of%20the%20rest%20will%20be%20lost%20in%20the%20next%2050%5Cu00a0years.%20An%20ecosystem%20collapse%20assessment%20therefore%20indicated%20that%20the%20habitat%20is%20very%20likely%20Critically%20Endangered.%20Fragmentation%20and%20types%20of%20transformations%20were%20used%20as%20degradation%20indices%20to%20show%20functional%20collapse.%20These%20results%20showed%20that%20forest%20patches%20became%20increasingly%20fragmented%2C%20from%20511%20to%201145%20patches%20between%202000%20and%202017%20and%20that%20%3E%2023%25%20of%20the%20areal%20extent%20showed%20severe%20transformation.%20Several%20faunal%20species%2C%20with%20a%20close%20association%20to%20the%20forested%20wetlands%20of%20the%20MCP%2C%20are%20considered%20threatened%20with%20numbers%20declining%20because%20of%20transformation%20to%20timber%20plantations%20or%20agriculture%20and%20coupled%20with%20a%20prolonged%20drought.%20Of%20these%2C%20a%20sub-species%20of%20the%20Samango%20monkey%2C%20Cercopithecus%20mitis%20erythrarchus%2C%20considered%20to%20be%20a%20primary%20ecosystem%20engineer%20of%20the%20habitat%2C%20was%20red%20listed%20with%20a%20restricted%20distribution%2C%20being%20endemic%2C%20Near%20Threatened%20and%20declining.%20Also%20under%20pressure%2C%20because%20of%20habitat%20fragmentation%20and%20degradation%20is%20the%20Peregrine%20crab%20%28Varuna%20litterata%29%2C%20a%20euryhaline%20species%20requiring%20connectivity%20across%20the%20land-seascape%2C%20ranging%20from%20freshwater%20forested%20wetlands%20to%20estuarine%20and%20off-shore%20environments.%20Functionally%2C%20these%20coastal%20forested%20wetlands%20are%20therefore%20also%20considered%20Critically%20Endangered.%20The%20final%20IUCN%20conservation%20status%20of%20South%20Africa%5Cu2019s%20subtropical-temperate%20coastal%20forested%20wetlands%20are%20recommended%20to%20be%20very%20likely%20Critically%20Endangered.%20Irrespective%20of%2062%25%20of%20the%20areal%20extent%20of%20these%20forested%20wetlands%20being%20within%20protected%20areas%2C%20severe%20degradation%20%28metrics%20of%20fragmentation%20and%20transformation%29%20were%20observed%20even%20inside%20these%20areas%20for%20the%20past%20two%20decades.%20The%20conservation%20conundrum%20is%20that%20despite%20existing%20legislation%20and%20management%20measures%2C%20there%20has%20been%20no%20stop%20or%20reversal%20of%20the%20negative%20trends%20to%20date.%20As%20a%20supplementary%20method%2C%20we%20therefore%20recommend%20a%20transdisciplinary%20community-based%20approach%20to%20conservation%20practice%2C%20continued%20and%20improved%20monitoring%20of%20the%20habitat%20losses%2C%20the%20identifying%20priority%20areas%20for%20rehabilitation%20and%20addressing%20data%20deficiencies%20in%20important%20species%20associations.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.ecolind.2021.108077%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%5C%2Fscience%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS1470160X21007421%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-08-16T06%3A29%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22XKUC7AYR%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Duman%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-02%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDuman%2C%20T.%2C%20Huang%2C%20C.%20W.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Litvak%2C%20M.%20E.%20%282021%29.%20Recent%20land%20cover%20changes%20in%20the%20Southwestern%20US%20lead%20to%20an%20increase%20in%20surface%20temperature.%20%3Ci%3EAgricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E297%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.agrformet.2020.108246%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.agrformet.2020.108246%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DXKUC7AYR%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Recent%20land%20cover%20changes%20in%20the%20Southwestern%20US%20lead%20to%20an%20increase%20in%20surface%20temperature%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tomer%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Duman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cheng%20Wei%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Huang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marcy%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Litvak%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20increase%20in%20large-scale%20land%20cover%20change%20%28LCC%29%20in%20recent%20decades%2C%20particularly%20in%20response%20to%20climate-driven%20disturbances%2C%20has%20potential%20to%20impact%20local%20and%20regional%20changes%20in%20climate%20due%20to%20modification%20of%20carbon%20sources%20and%20sinks%2C%20albedo%2C%20surface%20roughness%20and%20energy%20fluxes.%20Using%20observational%20data%2C%20we%20predict%20the%20impact%20of%20two%20of%20the%20most%20extensive%20LCCs%20occurring%20in%20the%20Southwestern%20US%3A%20drought-induced%20tree%20mortality%20and%20shrub%20encroachment%20into%20grasslands%2C%20on%20surface%20temperature.%20We%20developed%20a%20new%20energy%20balance%20method%20that%20extracts%20the%20biophysical%20responses%20to%20environmental%20conditions%2C%20to%20predict%20how%20structural%20changes%20in%20albedo%2C%20surface%20roughness%20and%20canopy%20conductance%20following%20LCC%20will%20alter%20surface%20temperature.%20This%20method%20allows%20us%20not%20only%20to%20explain%20the%20observed%20differences%20in%20surface%20temperature%20between%20two%20non-adjacent%20study%20sites%20with%20different%20environmental%20conditions%2C%20but%20also%20to%20separate%20the%20contribution%20of%20biophysical%20and%20non-biophysical%20properties%20to%20surface%20temperature.%20Our%20results%20suggest%20that%20changes%20in%20biophysical%20properties%20due%20to%20shrub%20encroachment%20and%20tree%20mortality%20in%20the%20Southwestern%20US%20%28independent%20of%20changes%20in%20other%20environmental%20properties%29%20can%20potentially%20lead%20to%20an%20increase%20in%20midday%20surface%20temperature%20%2811AM%20to%202PM%29%20of%201%20to%202%20degrees%20Celsius%2C%20comparable%20to%20changes%20in%20surface%20temperature%20following%20deforestation.%20Although%20the%20average%20surface%20temperature%20increase%20in%20response%20to%20both%20shrub%20encroachment%20and%20tree%20mortality%20is%20similar%2C%20the%20biophysical%20properties%20driving%20the%20temperature%20change%20are%20different%20in%20each%20scenario.%20Change%20in%20aerodynamic%20conductance%20following%20tree%20mortality%20is%20the%20largest%20contributor%20to%20heating%2C%20while%20reduced%20albedo%20and%20canopy%20conductance%20drive%20the%20increase%20in%20surface%20temperature%20following%20shrub%20encroachment.%20We%20also%20show%20how%20this%20increase%20in%20daytime%20surface%20temperature%20could%20be%20further%20intensified%20with%20future%20climate%2C%20especially%20with%20the%20expected%20reduction%20in%20soil%20water%20availability%20in%20the%20Southwest.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021-02%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.agrformet.2020.108246%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2201681923%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A01%3A59Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ZMS3KZWE%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Flynn%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-11-24%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFlynn%2C%20R.%20F.%2C%20Bornman%2C%20T.%20G.%2C%20Burger%2C%20J.%20M.%2C%20Smith%2C%20S.%2C%20Spence%2C%20K.%20A.%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Fawcett%2C%20S.%20E.%20%282021%29.%20Summertime%20productivity%20and%20carbon%20export%20potential%20in%20the%20Weddell%20Sea%2C%20with%20a%20focus%20on%20the%20waters%20adjacent%20to%20Larsen%20C%20Ice%20Shelf.%20%3Ci%3EBiogeosciences%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E18%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2822%29%2C%206031%26%23×2013%3B6059.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.5194%5C%2Fbg-18-6031-2021%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.5194%5C%2Fbg-18-6031-2021%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DZMS3KZWE%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Summertime%20productivity%20and%20carbon%20export%20potential%20in%20the%20Weddell%20Sea%2C%20with%20a%20focus%20on%20the%20waters%20adjacent%20to%20Larsen%20C%20Ice%20Shelf%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Raquel%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Flynn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thomas%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bornman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jessica%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Burger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Shantelle%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Smith%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kurt%20A.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Spence%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sarah%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fawcett%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%20class%3D%5C%22journal-contentHeaderColor%5C%22%3EAbstract.%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%20The%20Weddell%20Sea%20represents%20a%20point%20of%20origin%20in%20the%20Southern%20Ocean%20where%20globally%20important%20water%20masses%20form.%20Biological%20activities%20in%20Weddell%20Sea%20surface%20waters%20thus%20affect%20large-scale%20ocean%20biogeochemistry.%20During%20January%5Cu2013February%202019%2C%20we%20measured%20net%20primary%20production%20%28NPP%29%2C%20nitrogen%20%28nitrate%2C%20ammonium%2C%20urea%29%20uptake%2C%20and%20nitrification%20in%20the%20western%20Weddell%20Sea%20at%20the%20Antarctic%20Peninsula%20%28AP%29%20and%20Larsen%20C%20Ice%20Shelf%20%28LCIS%29%2C%20in%20the%20southwestern%20Weddell%20Gyre%20%28WG%29%2C%20and%20at%20Fimbul%20Ice%20Shelf%20%28FIS%29%20in%20the%20south-eastern%20Weddell%20Sea.%20The%20highest%20average%20rates%20of%20NPP%20and%20greatest%20nutrient%20drawdown%20occurred%20at%20LCIS.%20Here%2C%20the%20phytoplankton%20community%20was%20dominated%20by%20colonial%20%3Ci%3EPhaeocystis%20antarctica%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20with%20diatoms%20increasing%20in%20abundance%20later%20in%20the%20season%20as%20sea%20ice%20melted.%20At%20the%20other%20stations%2C%20NPP%20was%20variable%2C%20and%20diatoms%20known%20to%20enhance%20carbon%20export%20%28e.g.%20%3Ci%3EThalassiosira%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20spp.%29%20were%20dominant.%20Euphotic%20zone%20nitrification%20was%20always%20below%20detection%2C%20such%20that%20nitrate%20uptake%20could%20be%20used%20as%20a%20proxy%20for%20carbon%20export%20potential%2C%20which%20was%20highest%20in%20absolute%20terms%20at%20LCIS%20and%20the%20AP.%20Surprisingly%2C%20the%20highest%20%3Cspan%20class%3D%5C%22inline-formula%5C%22%3E%3Ci%3Ef%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%3C%5C%2Fspan%3E%20ratios%20occurred%20near%20FIS%20rather%20than%20LCIS%20%28average%20of%20%3Cspan%20class%3D%5C%22inline-formula%5C%22%3E0.73%5Cu00b10.09%3C%5C%2Fspan%3E%20versus%20%3Cspan%20class%3D%5C%22inline-formula%5C%22%3E0.47%5Cu00b10.08%3C%5C%2Fspan%3E%29.%20We%20attribute%20this%20unexpected%20result%20to%20partial%20ammonium%20inhibition%20of%20nitrate%20uptake%20at%20LCIS%20%28where%20ammonium%20concentrations%20were%20%3Cspan%20class%3D%5C%22inline-formula%5C%22%3E0.6%5Cu00b10.4%3C%5C%2Fspan%3E%20%3Cspan%20class%3D%5C%22inline-formula%5C%22%3E%5Cu00b5M%3C%5C%2Fspan%3E%2C%20versus%20%3Cspan%20class%3D%5C%22inline-formula%5C%22%3E0.05%5Cu00b10.1%3C%5C%2Fspan%3E%20%3Cspan%20class%3D%5C%22inline-formula%5C%22%3E%5Cu00b5M%3C%5C%2Fspan%3E%20at%20FIS%29%2C%20with%20elevated%20ammonium%20resulting%20from%20increased%20heterotrophy%20following%20the%20accumulation%20of%20nitrate-fuelled%20phytoplankton%20biomass%20in%20early%20summer.%20Across%20the%20Weddell%20Sea%2C%20carbon%20export%20appears%20to%20be%20controlled%20by%20a%20combination%20of%20physical%2C%20chemical%2C%20and%20biological%20factors%2C%20with%20the%20highest%20potential%20export%20flux%20occurring%20at%20the%20ice%20shelves%20and%20lowest%20in%20the%20central%20WG.%3C%5C%2Fp%3E%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%5C%2F11%5C%2F24%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.5194%5C%2Fbg-18-6031-2021%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221726-4170%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fbg.copernicus.org%5C%2Farticles%5C%2F18%5C%2F6031%5C%2F2021%5C%2F%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2285DCE2P4%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-26T10%3A40%3A40Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%224959JTSY%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Fonge%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-01-18%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFonge%2C%20B.%20A.%2C%20Tabot%2C%20P.%20T.%2C%20Charleine%2C%20D.%20S.%2C%20Mambo%2C%20F.%20Q.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Human%2C%20L.%20%282021%29.%20Ecophysiological%20and%20Anthropogenic%20Determinants%20of%20Phytoplankton%20Community%20Structure%20in%20Streams%20Receiving%20Effluents%20from%20the%20Douala-Bassa%20Industrial%20Zone.%20%3Ci%3EAsian%20Journal%20of%20Environment%20%26amp%3B%20Ecology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%2024%26%23×2013%3B38.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.9734%5C%2Fajee%5C%2F2021%5C%2Fv14i130195%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.9734%5C%2Fajee%5C%2F2021%5C%2Fv14i130195%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D4959JTSY%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Ecophysiological%20and%20Anthropogenic%20Determinants%20of%20Phytoplankton%20Community%20Structure%20in%20Streams%20Receiving%20Effluents%20from%20the%20Douala-Bassa%20Industrial%20Zone%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Beatrice%20Ambo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fonge%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pascal%20Tabi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tabot%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Djouego%20Sob%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Charleine%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fru%20Queenzabel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mambo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lucienne%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Human%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Physicochemical%20parameters%20and%20plankton%20community%20structure%20of%20streams%20flowing%20through%20the%20Douala-Bassa%20Industrial%20zone%20were%20assessed%20in%20seven%20different%20sites.%20Anthropogenic%20activities%2C%20water%20accessibility%20and%20the%20different%20industries%20located%20along%20the%20watercourse%20were%20considered%20in%20selecting%20the%20sites.%20Four%20sets%20of%20water%20samples%20were%20collected%20from%20each%20site%20and%20analysed%20for%20phytoplankton%20community%20structure%2C%20nutrient%2C%20Chl%20a%20and%20bacteria.%20Physicochemical%20parameters%20were%20measured%20insitu%20using%20a%20multi%20parameter%20equipment%20%28HANNA%208289%29.%20Water%20temperature%20ranged%20from%2025.27%20-%2026.840%20C.%20The%20pH%20of%20the%20water%20samples%20ranged%20from%206.33%20%26ndash%3B%207.50%20while%20Turbidity%20ranging%20from%20zero%20-%201000%20NTU.%20The%20Electrical%20Conductivity%20was%20495.33%20-%20261.67%20%26micro%3BS%5C%2Fcm%20and%20Dissolved%20Oxygen%20was%20zero%20-%201.11%20ppm.%20Chlorophyll%20a%20concentration%20ranged%20from%201.2%20%26ndash%3B%2048.96%26micro%3Bg%5C%2Fl.%20Total%20Suspended%20Solids%20ranged%20from%200.15%20%26ndash%3B%200.88.%20Phosphate%20and%20ammonium%20concentrations%20ranged%20from%201.22%20%26ndash%3B%2012.81%26micro%3BM%20and%204.29%20%26ndash%3B%20136.48%20%26micro%3BM%20respectively%20nitrates%20concentration%20was%201.15%20%26ndash%3B%20217.09%20%26micro%3BM.%20The%20number%20of%20phytoplankton%20species%20varied%20between%20the%20sites%20with%20a%20total%20of%2068%20species%20belonging%20to%2011%20Divisions.%20The%20Bacillariophytas%20were%20the%20most%20abundant%20with%2027%20species.%20The%20Chlorophyta%20followed%20with%2012%20species.%20The%20most%20dominant%20phytoplankton%20species%20were%20Microcystis%20sp%2C%20Pinnularia%20gibba%20and%20Nitzschia%20palea.%20Site%207%20was%20the%20most%20diverse%20site%20with%2070%20species.%20High%20concentrations%20of%20nutrients%20and%20the%20presence%20of%20eutrophic%20species%20such%20as%20the%20Bacillariophytas%20and%20Microcystis%20suggests%20pollution%20and%20a%20need%20to%20monitor%20activities%20carried%20out%20along%20the%20water%20course%20with%20respect%20to%20quantity%20and%20quality%20of%20wastewater%20discharged%20into%20the%20stream.%20The%20ecosystem%20was%20in%20a%20eutrophic%20state%20with%20variations%20in%20the%20water%20quality%20parameters.%20This%20could%20be%20attributed%20to%20possible%20untreated%20effluents%20incorporated%20in%20the%20ecosystem.%20It%20can%20be%20concluded%20from%20the%20study%20that%20phytoplankton%20dynamics%20in%20the%20Douala-Bassa%20Industrial%20Zone%20are%20directly%20related%20to%20ecophysiological%20and%20anthropogenic%20drivers.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%5C%2F01%5C%2F18%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.9734%5C%2Fajee%5C%2F2021%5C%2Fv14i130195%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222456690X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.scilit.net%5C%2Farticle%5C%2F9526ad8e1e01112f267245dedcd6a4e0%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2285DCE2P4%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-26T10%3A49%3A27Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22A46HXPE9%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Frye%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFrye%2C%20H.%20A.%2C%20Aiello%26%23×2010%3BLammens%2C%20M.%20E.%2C%20Euston%26%23×2010%3BBrown%2C%20D.%2C%20Jones%2C%20C.%20S.%2C%20Kilroy%20Mollmann%2C%20H.%2C%20Merow%2C%20C.%2C%20Slingsby%2C%20J.%20A.%2C%20van%20der%20Merwe%2C%20H.%2C%20Wilson%2C%20A.%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Silander%2C%20J.%20A.%20%282021%29.%20Plant%20spectral%20diversity%20as%20a%20surrogate%20for%20species%2C%20functional%20and%20phylogenetic%20diversity%20across%20a%20hyper%26%23×2010%3Bdiverse%20biogeographic%20region.%20%3Ci%3EGlobal%20Ecology%20and%20Biogeography%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E30%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%287%29%2C%201403%26%23×2013%3B1417.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fgeb.13306%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fgeb.13306%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DA46HXPE9%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Plant%20spectral%20diversity%20as%20a%20surrogate%20for%20species%2C%20functional%20and%20phylogenetic%20diversity%20across%20a%20hyper%5Cu2010diverse%20biogeographic%20region%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Henry%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Frye%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Matthew%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Aiello%5Cu2010Lammens%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Douglas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Euston%5Cu2010Brown%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cynthia%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jones%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hayley%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kilroy%20Mollmann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cory%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Merow%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jasper%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Slingsby%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Helga%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22van%20der%20Merwe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adam%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wilson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Silander%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jos%5Cu00e9%20Eduardo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Meireles%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Aim%3A%20With%20plant%20biodiversity%20under%20global%20threat%2C%20there%20is%20an%20urgent%20need%20to%20monitor%20the%20spatial%20distribution%20of%20multiple%20axes%20of%20biodiversity.%20Remote%20sensing%20is%20a%20critical%20tool%20in%20this%20endeavour.%20One%20remote%20sensing%20approach%20for%20detecting%20biodiversity%20is%20based%20on%20the%20hypothesis%20that%20the%20spectral%20diversity%20of%20plant%20communities%20is%20a%20surrogate%20of%20multiple%20dimensions%20of%20biodiversity.%20We%20investigated%20the%20generality%20of%20this%20%5Cu2018surrogacy%5Cu2019%20for%20spectral%2C%20species%2C%20functional%20and%20phylogenetic%20diversity%20across%201%2C267%20plots%20in%20the%20Greater%20Cape%20Floristic%20Region%20%28GCFR%29%2C%20a%20hyper-%5Cu00addiverse%20region%20comprising%20several%20biomes%20and%20two%20adjacent%20global%20biodiversity%20hotspots.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2207%5C%2F2021%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fgeb.13306%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221466-822X%2C%201466-8238%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fgeb.13306%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22CM9YQJBN%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-03-17T07%3A33%3A26Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22JQXBP3SS%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22GILBOA%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGILBOA%2C%20A.%20%282021%29.%20Appendix%20C%3A%20%3Ci%3EA%20Raid%20on%20the%20Red%20Sea%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20271%26%23×2013%3B274.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2307%5C%2Fj.ctv1ffpd15.25%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2307%5C%2Fj.ctv1ffpd15.25%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DJQXBP3SS%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Appendix%20C%3A%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22AMOS%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22GILBOA%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.2307%5C%2Fj.ctv1ffpd15.25%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A59%3A35Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22X5FXI5UL%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Gokool%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGokool%2C%20S.%2C%20Moody%2C%20J.%20E.%2C%20Nippert%2C%20J.%2C%20Swemmer%2C%20A.%2C%20Chetty%2C%20K.%20T.%2C%20Magombeyi%2C%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Riddell%2C%20E.%20S.%20%282021%29.%20A%20preliminary%20evaluation%20of%20ecohydrological%20separation%20in%20a%20semi-arid%20riparian%20area.%20%3Ci%3EEcohydrology%20%26amp%3B%20Hydrobiology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E21%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20271%26%23×2013%3B279.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.ecohyd.2021.01.002%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.ecohyd.2021.01.002%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DX5FXI5UL%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20preliminary%20evaluation%20of%20ecohydrological%20separation%20in%20a%20semi-arid%20riparian%20area%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Shaeden%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gokool%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jade%20Elizabeth%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moody%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jesse%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nippert%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anthony%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Swemmer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kershani%20Tinisha%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chetty%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Manuel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Magombeyi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Edward%20Sebastian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Riddell%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2204%5C%2F2021%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.ecohyd.2021.01.002%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2216423593%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%5C%2Fretrieve%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS1642359321000045%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%228VPML3VD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-06-30T10%3A23%3A47Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%222CEVSSQN%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Gokool%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGokool%2C%20S.%2C%20Elizabeth%2C%20J.%2C%20Nippert%2C%20J.%2C%20Swemmer%2C%20A.%2C%20Tinisha%2C%20K.%2C%20Magombeyi%2C%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Sebastian%2C%20E.%20%282021%29.%20semi-arid%20riparian%20area.%20%3Ci%3EEcohydrology%20%26amp%3B%20Hydrobiology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3Exxxx%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.ecohyd.2021.01.002%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.ecohyd.2021.01.002%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D2CEVSSQN%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22semi-arid%20riparian%20area%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Shaeden%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gokool%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jade%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Elizabeth%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jesse%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nippert%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anthony%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Swemmer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kershani%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tinisha%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Manuel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Magombeyi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Edward%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sebastian%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.ecohyd.2021.01.002%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221642-3593%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.ecohyd.2021.01.002%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A01%3A39Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22UU63UH7S%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Gokool%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGokool%2C%20S.%2C%20Moody%2C%20J.%20E.%2C%20Nippert%2C%20J.%2C%20Swemmer%2C%20A.%2C%20Chetty%2C%20K.%20T.%2C%20Magombeyi%2C%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Riddell%2C%20E.%20S.%20%282021%29.%20A%20preliminary%20evaluation%20of%20ecohydrological%20separation%20in%20a%20semi-arid%20riparian%20area.%20%3Ci%3EEcohydrology%20and%20Hydrobiology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.ecohyd.2021.01.002%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.ecohyd.2021.01.002%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DUU63UH7S%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20preliminary%20evaluation%20of%20ecohydrological%20separation%20in%20a%20semi-arid%20riparian%20area%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gokool%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moody%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nippert%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Swemmer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chetty%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Magombeyi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Riddell%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%5Cu00a9%202021%20In%20recent%20years%20the%20ecohydrological%20separation%20paradigm%20has%20stimulated%20significant%20scientific%20debate%2C%20as%20it%20challenges%20the%20basis%20of%20existing%20hydrological%20process%20understanding.%20Through%20the%20use%20of%20stable%20isotope%20analysis%20several%20studies%20have%20demonstrated%20that%20two%20isotopically%20distinct%20water%20stores%20may%20exist%20within%20the%20subsurface%2C%20a%20matric-bound%20store%20which%20sustains%20transpiration%20and%20a%20mobile%20store%20which%20contributes%20to%20the%20recharge%20of%20groundwater%20and%20streams.%20Despite%20growing%20evidence%20supporting%20this%20hypothesis%2C%20further%20testing%20across%20a%20range%20of%20climatic%20regimes%20and%20environmental%20settings%20has%20been%20advocated%20to%20develop%20an%20improved%20hydrological%20understand%20of%20this%20paradigm.%20In%20this%20study%2C%20the%20dual%20isotopic%20composition%20of%20meteoric%20and%20environmental%20waters%20was%20analysed%20in%20a%20semi-arid%20riparian%20environment%20during%20a%20significant%20El%20Nino%20induced%20drought%2C%20to%20ascertain%20if%20plants%20were%20using%20water%20that%20would%20have%20otherwise%20contributed%20to%20stream%20and%5C%2For%20groundwater%20recharge.%20Overall%2C%20the%20results%20of%20these%20investigations%20showed%20no%20clear%20evidence%20supporting%20ecohydrological%20separation.%20Environmental%20waters%20were%20found%20to%20be%20significantly%20different%20from%20rainfall%2C%20whereas%20no%20significant%20differences%20were%20established%20between%20xylem%2C%20bulk%20soil%20water%2C%20and%20streamflow.%20While%2C%20these%20findings%20represent%20a%20unique%20scenario%20with%20regards%20to%20the%20testing%20of%20ecohydrological%20separation%2C%20these%20results%20are%20by%20no%20means%20ubiquitous%20as%20sampling%20was%20conducted%20during%20extreme%20climatic%20conditions%20with%20limited%20spatio-temporal%20representation%20of%20the%20system.%20Therefore%2C%20longer-term%20sampling%20and%20monitoring%20is%20recommended%20to%20obtain%20an%20improved%20understanding%20of%20the%20system%20under%20a%20range%20of%20climatic%20conditions.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.ecohyd.2021.01.002%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2220803397%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A01%3A59Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22KD7WW2XN%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Gordijn%20and%20O%27Connor%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A3%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGordijn%2C%20P.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20O%26%23×2019%3BConnor%2C%20T.%20G.%20%282021%29.%20Multidecadal%20effects%20of%20fire%20in%20a%20grassland%20biodiversity%20hotspot%3A%20does%20pyrodiversity%20enhance%20plant%20diversity%3F%20%3Ci%3EEcological%20Applications%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E0%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%280%29%2C%201–19.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DKD7WW2XN%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Multidecadal%20effects%20of%20fire%20in%20a%20grassland%20biodiversity%20hotspot%3A%20does%20pyrodiversity%20enhance%20plant%20diversity%3F%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gordijn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22O%27Connor%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22F3ERISX2%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-11-09T07%3A18%3A06Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22RA294E85%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Gordon%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-02-27%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGordon%2C%20C.%20E.%2C%20Lerm%2C%20R.%20E.%2C%20Allin%2C%20P.%2C%20Greve%2C%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Svenning%2C%20J.-C.%20%282021%29.%20Elephant%20rewilding%20indirectly%20affects%20the%20abundance%20of%20an%20arboreal%20but%20not%20generalist%20savanna%20lizard.%20%3Ci%3EBiodiversity%20and%20Conservation%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%201%26%23×2013%3B15.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs10531-021-02141-7%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs10531-021-02141-7%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DRA294E85%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Elephant%20rewilding%20indirectly%20affects%20the%20abundance%20of%20an%20arboreal%20but%20not%20generalist%20savanna%20lizard%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christopher%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gordon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rion%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lerm%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paul%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Allin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michelle%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Greve%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jens-Christian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Svenning%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Trophic%20rewilding%20provides%20a%20nature-based%20solution%20for%20biological%20conservation%3B%20however%2C%20empirical%20studies%20demonstrating%20rewilding%20effects%20are%20limited.%20Megaherbivores%20moderate%20the%20type%20and%20quality%20of%20habitat%20available%20to%20other%20fauna.%20However%2C%20these%20effects%20may%20take%20time%20to%20develop.%20Further%2C%20fauna%20responses%20to%20megaherbivore%20rewilding%20will%20depend%20on%20a%20suite%20of%20life-history%20traits%20and%20strategies%20that%20allow%20persistence%20within%20megaherbivore%20modified%20landscapes.%20We%20conducted%20a%20space-for-time%20field%20survey%20in%20South%20African%20savanna%20to%20determine%20if%20habitat%20modifications%20mediated%20by%20a%20reintroduced%20megaherbivore%2C%20the%20African%20savanna%20elephant%20%28Loxodonta%20africana%29%2C%20impacts%20the%20abundance%20of%20the%20diurnal%20arboreal%20cape%20dwarf%20gecko%20%28Lygodactylus%20capensis%29%20and%20two%20generalist%20diurnal%20skinks%20%5Bthe%20variable%20skink%20%28Trachylepis%20varia%29%20and%20striped%20skink%20%28Trachylepis%20striata%29%2C%20collectively%5D%20across%20a%2047-year%20period.%20The%20relative%20abundance%20of%20lizards%20and%20six%20habitat%20attributes%20utilized%20by%20lizards%20were%20assessed%20at%2030%20sites%20stratified%20across%20three%20biophysically%20and%20climatically%20similar%20nature%20reserves%20with%20different%20elephant%20reintroduction%20times%20%28no%20elephants%2C%202003%2C%201972%29.%20The%20arboreal%20gecko%20was%20less%20common%20at%20the%20reserve%20with%20an%20older%20reintroduction%20time%20than%20the%20other%20reserves%20and%20was%20most%20commonly%20observed%20on%2C%20and%20positively%20correlated%20with%2C%20the%20density%20of%20the%20corkwood%20tree%20%28Commiphora%20mollis%29.%20The%20generalist%20skinks%20were%20common%20across%20all%20reserves%20and%20were%20observed%20in%20a%20variety%20of%20habitats.%20Our%20results%20suggest%20that%20elephant%20rewilding%20differently%20impacts%20lizard%20species%20with%20different%20life-history%20strategies%20and%20that%20these%20effects%20take%20prolonged%20periods%20to%20develop.%20Given%20such%20knowledge%2C%20a%20long-term%20understanding%20of%20post-rewilding%20interactions%20will%20be%20a%20key%20point%20when%20designing%20and%20assessing%20the%20success%20of%20rewilding%20initiatives.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021-02-27%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs10531-021-02141-7%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221572-9710%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs10531-021-02141-7%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%228VPML3VD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-03-09T11%3A48%3A28Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22KUJBKNTU%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Gray%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A3%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGray%2C%20B.%20A.%2C%20Toucher%2C%20M.%20L.%2C%20Savage%2C%20M.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Clulow%2C%20A.%20D.%20%282021%29.%20The%20potential%20of%20surface%20renewal%20for%20determining%20sensible%20heat%20flux%20for%20indigenous%20vegetation%20for%20a%20first-order%20montane%20catchment.%20%3Ci%3EHydrological%20Sciences%20Journal%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%201-13-1%26%23×2013%3B13.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DKUJBKNTU%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20potential%20of%20surface%20renewal%20for%20determining%20sensible%20heat%20flux%20for%20indigenous%20vegetation%20for%20a%20first-order%20montane%20catchment%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Byron%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gray%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michele%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Toucher%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Savage%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alistair%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Clulow%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22F3ERISX2%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-11-09T07%3A17%3A56Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22WXLAC5W8%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Haupt%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHaupt%2C%20T.%2C%20Snyders%2C%20L.%2C%20van%20der%20Heever%2C%20G.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Bernard%2C%20A.%20%282021%29.%20%3Ci%3EVideo%20demonstrating%20how%20to%20set-up%2C%20deploy%20and%20operate%20a%20shallow-water%20drop%20camera%20system.%5BTraining%20video%5D%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DWXLAC5W8%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Video%20demonstrating%20how%20to%20set-up%2C%20deploy%20and%20operate%20a%20shallow-water%20drop%20camera%20system.%5BTraining%20video%5D%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tanya%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Haupt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Laurenne%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Snyders%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Grant%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22van%20der%20Heever%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anthony%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bernard%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BGDWYJZJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-04-06T07%3A30%3A57Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22KCZYD339%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Hawkins%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-10%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHawkins%2C%20H.%20J.%2C%20Moradzadeh%2C%20M.%2C%20Vermeire%2C%20M.%20L.%2C%20Chikomba%2C%20F.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Wu%2C%20L.%20%282021%29.%20%3Ci%3EModelling%20Grazing%20and%20Burning%20in%20Communal%20Rangelands%20to%20Help%20Understand%20Trade-offs%20between%20Production%2C%20Carbon%2C%20and%20Water%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DKCZYD339%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Modelling%20Grazing%20and%20Burning%20in%20Communal%20Rangelands%20to%20Help%20Understand%20Trade-offs%20between%20Production%2C%20Carbon%2C%20and%20Water%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hawkins%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moradzadeh%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vermeire%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Farai%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chikomba%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22National%20Organizing%20Committee%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22of%202021%20IGC%5C%2FIRC%20Congress%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%5C%2Foctober%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-03T13%3A14%3A55Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22QXH5BEJP%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Hawkins%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-10%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHawkins%2C%20H.%20J.%2C%20Moradzadeh%2C%20M.%2C%20Vermeire%2C%20M.%20L.%2C%20Chikomba%2C%20F.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Wu%2C%20L.%20%282021%29.%20%3Ci%3EModelling%20Grazing%20and%20Burning%20in%20Communal%20Rangelands%20to%20Help%20Understand%20Trade-offs%20between%20Production%2C%20Carbon%2C%20and%20Water%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DQXH5BEJP%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Modelling%20Grazing%20and%20Burning%20in%20Communal%20Rangelands%20to%20Help%20Understand%20Trade-offs%20between%20Production%2C%20Carbon%2C%20and%20Water%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hawkins%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moradzadeh%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vermeire%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Farai%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chikomba%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22National%20Organizing%20Committee%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22of%202021%20IGC%5C%2FIRC%20Congress%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%5C%2Foctober%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22F3ERISX2%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-11-09T07%3A12%3A40Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%227Z4ZH7XT%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Henschel%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-09-08%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHenschel%2C%20J.%20R.%20%282021%29.%20Long-Term%20Population%20Dynamics%20of%20Namib%20Desert%20Tenebrionid%20Beetles%20Reveal%20Complex%20Relationships%20to%20Pulse-Reserve%20Conditions.%20%3Ci%3EInsects%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E12%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%289%29%2C%20804.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3390%5C%2Finsects12090804%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3390%5C%2Finsects12090804%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D7Z4ZH7XT%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Long-Term%20Population%20Dynamics%20of%20Namib%20Desert%20Tenebrionid%20Beetles%20Reveal%20Complex%20Relationships%20to%20Pulse-Reserve%20Conditions%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joh%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Henschel%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Noy-Meir%5Cu2019s%20paradigm%20concerning%20desert%20populations%20being%20predictably%20tied%20to%20unpredictable%20productivity%20pulses%20was%20tested%20by%20examining%20abundance%20trends%20of%2026%20species%20of%20%5Cufb02ightless%20detritivorous%20tenebrionid%20beetles%20%28Coleoptera%2C%20Tenebrionidae%29%20in%20the%20hyper-arid%20Namib%20Desert%20%28MAP%20%3D%2025%20mm%29.%20Over%2045%20years%2C%20tenebrionids%20were%20continuously%20pitfall%20trapped%20on%20a%20gravel%20plain.%20Species%20were%20categorised%20according%20to%20how%20their%20populations%20increased%20after%2022%20effective%20rainfall%20events%20%28%3E11%20mm%20in%20a%20week%29%2C%20and%20declined%20with%20decreasing%20detritus%20reserves%20%2897.7%5Cu20130.2%20g%20m%5Cu22122%29%2C%20while%20sustained%20by%20nonrainfall%20moisture.%20Six%20patterns%20of%20population%20variation%20were%20recognised%3A%20%28a%29%20increases%20triggered%20by%20effective%20summer%20rainfalls%2C%20tracking%20detritus%20over%20time%20%28%5Cufb01ve%20species%2C%2041%25%20abundance%29%3B%20%28b%29%20irrupting%20upon%20summer%20rainfalls%2C%20crashing%20a%20year%20later%20%28three%2C%2018%25%29%3B%20%28c%29%20increasing%20gradually%20after%20series%20of%20heavy%20%28%3E40%20mm%29%20rainfall%20years%2C%20declining%20over%20the%20next%20decade%20%28eight%2C%2015%25%29%3B%20%28d%29%20triggered%20by%20winter%20rainfall%2C%20population%20%5Cufb02uctuating%20moderately%20%28two%2C%2020%25%29%3B%20%28e%29%20increasing%20during%20dry%20years%2C%20declining%20during%20wet%20%28one%2C%200.4%25%29%3B%20%28f%29%20erratic%20range%20expansions%20following%20heavy%20rain%20%28seven%2C%205%25%29.%20All%20species%20experienced%20population%20bottlenecks%20during%20a%20decade%20of%20scant%20reserves%2C%20followed%20by%20the%20community%20cycling%20back%20to%20its%20earlier%20composition%20after%2030%20years.%20By%20responding%20selectively%20to%20alternative%20con%5Cufb01gurations%20of%20resources%2C%20Namib%20tenebrionids%20showed%20temporal%20patterns%20and%20magnitudes%20of%20population%20%5Cufb02uctuation%20more%20diverse%20than%20predicted%20by%20Noy-Meir%5Cu2019s%20original%20model%2C%20underpinning%20high%20species%20diversity.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021-09-08%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.3390%5C%2Finsects12090804%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222075-4450%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.mdpi.com%5C%2F2075-4450%5C%2F12%5C%2F9%5C%2F804%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22CM9YQJBN%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-03-17T07%3A33%3A25Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%226J7YLRF3%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Issifu%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EIssifu%2C%20H.%2C%20Vergeer%2C%20P.%2C%20Ametsitsi%2C%20G.%20K.%20D.%2C%20Klijn%2C%20J.%2C%20Sartorelli%2C%20P.%2C%20Tanson%2C%20M.%2C%20Bayor%2C%20H.%2C%20Logah%2C%20V.%2C%20van%20Langevelde%2C%20F.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Veenendaal%2C%20E.%20%282021%29.%20Responses%20of%20tropical%20tree%20seedlings%20in%20the%20forest%26%23×2013%3Bsavanna%20boundary%20to%20combined%20effects%20of%20grass%20competition%20and%20fire.%20%3Ci%3EBiotropica%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3EFebruary%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%201%26%23×2013%3B14.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fbtp.12948%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fbtp.12948%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D6J7YLRF3%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Responses%20of%20tropical%20tree%20seedlings%20in%20the%20forest%5Cu2013savanna%20boundary%20to%20combined%20effects%20of%20grass%20competition%20and%20fire%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hamza%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Issifu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Philippine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vergeer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22George%20K.D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ametsitsi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jelle%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Klijn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paolo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sartorelli%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Millicent%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tanson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hypolite%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bayor%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Vincent%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Logah%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Frank%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22van%20Langevelde%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elmar%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Veenendaal%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Co-occurring%20tree%20functional%20types%20%28TFTs%29%20within%20forest%5Cu2013savanna%20transitions%20may%20differ%20in%20seedling%20responses%20to%20grass%20competition%20and%20fire%20in%20savannas.%20We%20performed%20a%20common%20garden%20experiment%20in%20the%20Guinea%20savanna%20of%20Ghana%20to%20test%20hypotheses%20related%20to%20competition%20effects%20on%20growth%2C%20allocation%20to%20root%20storage%20reserves%2C%20and%20subsequent%20survival%20responses%20to%20dry%20season%20fire%20for%20savanna-transitional%20TFT%20%28i.e.%2C%20species%20occurring%20both%20in%20forest%20and%20savanna%29%20and%20forest%20TFT.%20The%20experiment%20included%20factorial%20combinations%20of%20TFT%2C%20comprising%20four%20species%20each%20of%20forest%20versus%20savanna-transitional%20trees%2C%20wet%20season%20grass%20competition%20%28grass%20competition%20vs.%20grass%20no-grass%20competition%29%2C%20and%20dry%20season%20fire%20%28burn%20vs.%20no-burn%29.%20Partly%20consistent%20with%20prediction%2C%20we%20found%20that%20grass%20competition%20suppressed%20tree%20seedling%20growth%20and%20caused%20a%2017%25%20reduction%20in%20root%20non-structural%20carbohydrates%20concentration%20%5BNSC%5D%20but%20had%20no%20effect%20on%20direct%20survival%20regardless%20of%20TFT%20at%20the%20end%20of%20the%20wet%20season.%20Post-fire%20survival%20averaged%206%25%20for%20forest%20versus%2091%25%20for%20savanna-transitional%20TFTs%20across%20competition%20treatments.%20In%20contrast%20to%20our%20prediction%20on%20how%20grass%20competition%20influences%20post-fire%20seedling%20survival%2C%20a%20history%20of%20grass%20competition%20did%20not%20result%20in%20lower%20post-fire%20survival%20regardless%20of%20TFT%2C%20although%20plant%20mass%2C%20root%20mass%20fraction%2C%20and%20root%20%5BNSC%5D%20at%20the%20end%20of%20the%20dry%20season%20were%20lower%20for%20tree%20seedlings%20with%20a%20history%20of%20competition.%20Our%20results%20demonstrate%20that%20grass%20competition%20suppresses%20tree%20seedling%20growth%20and%20root%20storage%20reserves%20irrespective%20of%20TFT%2C%20and%20that%20competition%20alone%20%28without%20fire%29%20may%20not%20preclude%20the%20establishment%20of%20forest%20seedlings%20in%20savannas%20close%20to%20forests.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fbtp.12948%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2217447429%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A42%3A15Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%224LWJWB8C%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Juby%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-07-03%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EJuby%2C%20R.%2C%20Bernard%2C%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20G%26%23xF6%3Btz%2C%20A.%20%282021%29.%20Day%5C%2Fnight%20patterns%20of%20habitat%20use%20by%20dogfish%20sharks%20%28Squalidae%29%20at%20photic%20and%20subphotic%20warm-temperate%20reefs%3A%20evidence%20for%20diel%20movements%20and%20size-%20and%20sex-segregation.%20%3Ci%3EAfrican%20Journal%20of%20Marine%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E43%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%20325%26%23×2013%3B336.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F1814232X.2021.1951839%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F1814232X.2021.1951839%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D4LWJWB8C%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Day%5C%2Fnight%20patterns%20of%20habitat%20use%20by%20dogfish%20sharks%20%28Squalidae%29%20at%20photic%20and%20subphotic%20warm-temperate%20reefs%3A%20evidence%20for%20diel%20movements%20and%20size-%20and%20sex-segregation%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Juby%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22ATF%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bernard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22G%5Cu00f6tz%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Dogfish%20sharks%20%28genus%20Squalus%29%20demonstrate%20complex%20distribution%20patterns%20that%20may%20increase%20their%20vulnerability%20to%20selective%20overfishing.%20This%20study%20investigated%20the%20day%5C%2Fnight%20reef-use%20patterns%20in%20a%20population%20of%20dogfish%20%28presumably%20Squalus%20acutipinnis%29%20on%20shallow%20photic%20%2813%5Cu201335%20m%29%20and%20deep%20subphotic%20%2851%5Cu201399%20m%29%20nearshore%20rocky%20reefs%20in%20South%20Africa.%20Using%20baited%20remote%20underwater%20stereo-video%20systems%2C%20immature%20male%20dogfish%20were%20commonly%20recorded%20at%20subphotic%20deep%20reefs.%20At%20shallow%20photic%20reefs%2C%20dogfish%20were%20essentially%20absent%20during%20the%20day%3B%20however%2C%20a%20significant%20increase%20in%20the%20abundance%20of%20large%20male%20dogfish%20was%20observed%20at%20night.%20The%20size%20class%20of%20dogfish%20that%20moved%20onto%20photic%20reefs%20at%20night%20was%20not%20recorded%20at%20deep%20subphotic%20reefs%2C%20suggesting%20that%20they%20make%20use%20of%20a%20different%20habitat%20during%20daytime.%20The%20observed%20differences%20in%20depth%20use%20by%20cohorts%20of%20small%20and%20large%20male%20dogfish%2C%20and%20the%20absence%20of%20females%20on%20the%20reefs%2C%20provided%20strong%20evidence%20for%20size-%20and%20sex-segregation%20within%20the%20surveyed%20population.%20While%20the%20potential%20biotic%20and%20abiotic%20drivers%20were%20not%20directly%20tested%2C%20the%20results%20suggest%20that%20reef-use%20patterns%20may%20be%20linked%20to%20photic%20or%20temperature%20preferences%20and%5C%2For%20to%20competition-%20and%20mating-avoidance%20strategies.%20This%20new%20information%20about%20the%20use%20of%20nearshore%20rocky%20reefs%20by%20dogfish%20in%20South%20Africa%20raises%20important%20questions%20relating%20to%20the%20distribution%20and%20habitat%20use%20of%20females%20and%20the%20daytime%20habitats%20of%20mature%20males.%20With%20dogfish%20extensively%20caught%20in%20longline%20and%20trawl%20fisheries%20in%20South%20Africa%2C%20further%20research%20is%20needed%20to%20address%20the%20current%20knowledge%20gaps.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021-07-03%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.2989%5C%2F1814232X.2021.1951839%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221814-232X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F1814232X.2021.1951839%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2285DCE2P4%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-26T11%3A07%3A36Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%229HGAGJF5%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22J%5Cu00fcrgens%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EJ%26%23xFC%3Brgens%2C%20N.%2C%20Gunter%2C%20F.%2C%20Oldeland%2C%20J.%2C%20Groengroeft%2C%20A.%2C%20Henschel%2C%20J.%20R.%2C%20Oncken%2C%20I.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Picker%2C%20M.%20D.%20%282021%29.%20Largest%20on%20earth%3A%20Discovery%20of%20a%20new%20type%20of%20fairy%20circle%20in%20%3Cspan%20style%3D%5C%22font-variant%3Asmall-caps%3B%5C%22%3EAngola%3C%5C%2Fspan%3E%20supports%20a%20termite%20origin.%20%3Ci%3EEcological%20Entomology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E46%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29%2C%20777%26%23×2013%3B789.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Feen.12996%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Feen.12996%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D9HGAGJF5%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Largest%20on%20earth%3A%20Discovery%20of%20a%20new%20type%20of%20fairy%20circle%20in%20%3Cspan%20style%3D%5C%22font-variant%3Asmall-caps%3B%5C%22%3EAngola%3C%5C%2Fspan%3E%20supports%20a%20termite%20origin%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Norbert%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22J%5Cu00fcrgens%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Felicitas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gunter%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jens%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Oldeland%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alexander%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Groengroeft%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joh%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Henschel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Imke%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Oncken%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mike%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Picker%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2208%5C%2F2021%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Feen.12996%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220307-6946%2C%201365-2311%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Feen.12996%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22CM9YQJBN%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-03-17T07%3A33%3A26Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22IDRA6Y88%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Kalinski%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-02%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EKalinski%2C%20J.-C.%20J.%2C%20Krause%2C%20R.%20W.%20M.%2C%20Parker-Nance%2C%20S.%2C%20Waterworth%2C%20S.%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Dorrington%2C%20R.%20A.%20%282021%29.%20Unlocking%20the%20Diversity%20of%20Pyrroloiminoquinones%20Produced%20by%20Latrunculid%20Sponge%20Species.%20%3Ci%3EMarine%20Drugs%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E19%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%2068.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3390%5C%2Fmd19020068%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3390%5C%2Fmd19020068%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DIDRA6Y88%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Unlocking%20the%20Diversity%20of%20Pyrroloiminoquinones%20Produced%20by%20Latrunculid%20Sponge%20Species%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jarmo-Charles%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kalinski%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rui%20W.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Krause%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Shirley%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Parker-Nance%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Samantha%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Waterworth%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rosemary%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dorrington%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Sponges%20of%20the%20Latrunculiidae%20family%20produce%20bioactive%20pyrroloiminoquinone%20alkaloids%20including%20makaluvamines%2C%20discorhabdins%2C%20and%20tsitsikammamines.%20The%20aim%20of%20this%20study%20was%20to%20use%20LC-ESI-MS%5C%2FMS-driven%20molecular%20networking%20to%20characterize%20the%20pyrroloiminoquinone%20secondary%20metabolites%20produced%20by%20six%20latrunculid%20species.%20These%20are%20Tsitsikamma%20favus%2C%20Tsitsikamma%20pedunculata%2C%20Cyclacanthia%20bellae%2C%20and%20Latrunculia%20apicalis%20as%20well%20as%20the%20recently%20discovered%20species%2C%20Tsitsikamma%20nguni%20and%20Tsitsikamma%20michaeli.%20Organic%20extracts%20of%2043%20sponges%20were%20analyzed%2C%20revealing%20distinct%20species-specific%20chemical%20profiles.%20More%20than%20200%20known%20and%20unknown%20putative%20pyrroloiminoquinones%20and%20related%20compounds%20were%20detected%2C%20including%20unprecedented%20makaluvamine-discorhabdin%20adducts%20and%20hydroxylated%20discorhabdin%20I%20derivatives.%20The%20chemical%20profiles%20of%20the%20new%20species%20T.%20nguni%20closely%20resembled%20those%20of%20the%20known%20T.%20favus%20%28chemotype%20I%29%2C%20but%20with%20a%20higher%20abundance%20of%20tsitsikammamines%20vs.%20discorhabdins.%20T.%20michaeli%20sponges%20displayed%20two%20distinct%20chemical%20profiles%2C%20either%20producing%20mostly%20the%20same%20discorhabdins%20as%20T.%20favus%20%28chemotype%20I%29%20or%20non-%20or%20monobrominated%2C%20hydroxylated%20discorhabdins.%20C.%20bellae%20and%20L.%20apicalis%20produced%20similar%20pyrroloiminoquinone%20chemistry%20to%20one%20another%2C%20characterized%20by%20sulfur-containing%20discorhabdins%20and%20related%20adducts%20and%20oligomers.%20This%20study%20highlights%20the%20variability%20of%20pyrroloiminoquinone%20production%20by%20latrunculid%20species%2C%20identifies%20novel%20isolation%20targets%2C%20and%20offers%20fundamental%20insights%20into%20the%20collision-induced%20dissociation%20of%20pyrroloiminoquinones.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%5C%2F2%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.3390%5C%2Fmd19020068%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221660-3397%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.mdpi.com%5C%2F1660-3397%5C%2F19%5C%2F2%5C%2F68%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2285DCE2P4%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-26T11%3A08%3A23Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22IZ63F3Y9%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Katibah%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EKatibah%2C%20E.%20F.%20%282021%29.%20a%20Brief%20History%20of%20Riparian%20Forests%20in%20the%20Central%20Valley%20of%20California.%20%3Ci%3ECalifornia%20Riparian%20Systems%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%2023%26%23×2013%3B29.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1525%5C%2F9780520322431-008%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1525%5C%2F9780520322431-008%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DIZ63F3Y9%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22a%20Brief%20History%20of%20Riparian%20Forests%20in%20the%20Central%20Valley%20of%20California%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Edwin%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Katibah%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Riparian%20forests%20once%20occupied%20substantially%20greater%20areas%20in%20the%20Central%20Valley%20of%20California%20thant%20hey%20do%20today.%20This%20paper%20explores%20the%20hydrologic%20influences%20which%20allowed%20the%20original%20riparian%20forests%20to%20establish%20themselves%2C%20the%20extent%20and%20reasons%20for%20the%20decline%20of%20the%20pre-settlement%20forests%2C%20as%20well%20as%20an%20estimate%20of%20the%20extent%20of%20today%27s%20remaining%20forests.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1525%5C%2F9780520322431-008%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A42%3A11Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22HUJNTZPG%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Kellner%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EKellner%2C%20K.%2C%20Mangani%2C%20R.%20T.%2C%20Sebitloane%2C%20T.%20J.%20K.%2C%20Chirima%2C%20J.%20G.%2C%20Meyer%2C%20N.%2C%20Coetzee%2C%20H.%20C.%2C%20Malan%2C%20P.%20W.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Koch%2C%20J.%20%282021%29.%20Restoration%20after%20bush%20control%20in%20selected%20rangeland%20areas%20of%20semi-arid%20savannas%20in%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EBothalia%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E51%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%201%26%23×2013%3B13.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.38201%5C%2Fbtha.abc.v51.i1.7%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.38201%5C%2Fbtha.abc.v51.i1.7%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DHUJNTZPG%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Restoration%20after%20bush%20control%20in%20selected%20rangeland%20areas%20of%20semi-arid%20savannas%20in%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Klaus%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kellner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Reletile%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mangani%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tshegofatso%20J.K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sebitloane%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Johannes%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chirima%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nadine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Meyer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hendri%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Coetzee%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pieter%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Malan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jaco%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Koch%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Background%3A%20One%20of%20the%20main%20causes%20of%20land%20degradation%20in%20South%20Africa%20is%20bush%20thickening%20%28BT%29%20of%20mainly%20Senegalia%20or%20Vachellia%20species.%20Restoration%20methods%20are%20required%20to%20control%20BT%2C%20and%20to%20improve%20grass%20biomass%20production%20and%20soil%20conditions%20in%20South%20Africa.%20Objectives%3A%20The%20objectives%20of%20this%20study%20were%20to%20determine%20the%20effect%20of%20brush%20packing%20%28BP%29%20as%20a%20restoration%20method%20to%20increase%20grass%20biomass%20production%2C%20assess%20soil%20moisture%20after%20BP%20on%20different%20soil%20types%2C%20and%20document%20the%20perceptions%20of%20the%20local%20communities%20towards%20BP.%20Method%3A%20Methods%20included%20cutting%20the%20stems%20of%20woodies%20with%20a%20diameter%20of%20at%20least%2010%20cm%20at%20knee%20height%20by%20chainsaw%20and%20manual%20clipping%20after%20which%20an%20arborocide%20was%20applied%20to%20the%20stumps.%20A%20neutron%20probe%20was%20used%20to%20measure%20volumetric%20moisture%20content%20at%20two%20different%20soil%20depths.%20The%20grass%20biomass%20was%20analysed%20using%20ANOVA%20at%20a%20confidence%20level%20of%2095%25.%20Quantitative%20and%20qualitative%20approaches%20were%20used%20to%20gather%20information%20about%20the%20perceptions%20of%20local%20communities%20towards%20restoration%20in%20group%20discussions.%20Results%3A%20The%20short-term%20data%20showed%20that%20the%20implementation%20of%20BP%20as%20restoration%20method%20increased%20grass%20biomass%20production.%20The%20soil%20texture%20influenced%20the%20volumetric%20soil%20moisture.%20Higher%20soil%20moisture%20content%20was%20found%20in%20the%20deeper%20clayey%20soils.%20The%20local%20participants%27%20interpretation%20towards%20the%20restoration%20project%20was%20positive.%20Conclusion%3A%20The%20project%20increased%20the%20grazing%20potential%20and%20contributed%20to%20job%20creation%20to%20improve%20the%20well-being%20of%20the%20people%20in%20the%20community.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.38201%5C%2Fbtha.abc.v51.i1.7%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2223119284%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A42%3A14Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22KT4T6F2N%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Kellner%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-02%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EKellner%2C%20K.%2C%20Mangani%2C%20R.%20T.%2C%20Sebitloane%2C%20T.%20J.%20K.%2C%20Chirima%2C%20J.%20G.%2C%20Meyer%2C%20N.%2C%20Coetzee%2C%20H.%20C.%2C%20Malan%2C%20P.%20W.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Koch%2C%20J.%20%282021%29.%20BOTHALIA-African%20Biodiversity%20%26amp%3B%20Conservation.%20%3Ci%3EBothalia%2C%20African%20Biodiversity%20%26amp%3B%20Conservation%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E51%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.38201%5C%2Fbtha.abc.v51.i1.7%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.38201%5C%2Fbtha.abc.v51.i1.7%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DKT4T6F2N%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22BOTHALIA-African%20Biodiversity%20%26%20Conservation%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Klaus%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kellner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Reletile%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mangani%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tshegofatso%20J.K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sebitloane%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Johannes%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chirima%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nadine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Meyer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hendri%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Coetzee%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pieter%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Malan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jaco%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Koch%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Background%3A%20One%20of%20the%20main%20causes%20of%20land%20degradation%20in%20South%20Africa%20is%20bush%20thickening%20%28BT%29%20of%20mainly%20Senegalia%20or%20Vachellia%20species.%20Restoration%20methods%20are%20required%20to%20control%20BT%2C%20and%20to%20improve%20grass%20biomass%20production%20and%20soil%20conditions%20in%20South%20Africa.%20Objectives%3A%20The%20objectives%20of%20this%20study%20were%20to%20determine%20the%20effect%20of%20brush%20packing%20%28BP%29%20as%20a%20restoration%20method%20to%20increase%20grass%20biomass%20production%2C%20assess%20soil%20moisture%20after%20BP%20on%20different%20soil%20types%2C%20and%20document%20the%20perceptions%20of%20the%20local%20communities%20towards%20BP.%20Method%3A%20Methods%20included%20cutting%20the%20stems%20of%20woodies%20with%20a%20diameter%20of%20at%20least%2010%20cm%20at%20knee%20height%20by%20chainsaw%20and%20manual%20clipping%20after%20which%20an%20arborocide%20was%20applied%20to%20the%20stumps.%20A%20neutron%20probe%20was%20used%20to%20measure%20volumetric%20moisture%20content%20at%20two%20different%20soil%20depths.%20The%20grass%20biomass%20was%20analysed%20using%20ANOVA%20at%20a%20confidence%20level%20of%2095%25.%20Quantitative%20and%20qualitative%20approaches%20were%20used%20to%20gather%20information%20about%20the%20perceptions%20of%20local%20communities%20towards%20restoration%20in%20group%20discussions.%20Results%3A%20The%20short-term%20data%20showed%20that%20the%20implementation%20of%20BP%20as%20restoration%20method%20increased%20grass%20biomass%20production.%20The%20soil%20texture%20influenced%20the%20volumetric%20soil%20moisture.%20Higher%20soil%20moisture%20content%20was%20found%20in%20the%20deeper%20clayey%20soils.%20The%20local%20participants%27%20interpretation%20towards%20the%20restoration%20project%20was%20positive.%20Conclusion%3A%20The%20project%20increased%20the%20grazing%20potential%20and%20contributed%20to%20job%20creation%20to%20improve%20the%20well-being%20of%20the%20people%20in%20the%20community.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021-02%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.38201%5C%2Fbtha.abc.v51.i1.7%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220006-8241%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A01%3A59Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22LBXHZA9Q%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Kenfack%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-05%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EKenfack%2C%20D.%2C%20Arellano%2C%20G.%2C%20Kibet%2C%20S.%2C%20Kimuyu%2C%20D.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Musili%2C%20P.%20%282021%29.%20Understanding%20the%20monodominance%20of%20Acacia%20drepanolobium%20in%20East%20African%20savannas%3A%20insights%20from%20demographic%20data.%20%3Ci%3ETrees%20-%20Structure%20and%20Function%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%201%26%23×2013%3B12.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00468-021-02127-6%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00468-021-02127-6%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DLBXHZA9Q%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Understanding%20the%20monodominance%20of%20Acacia%20drepanolobium%20in%20East%20African%20savannas%3A%20insights%20from%20demographic%20data%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kenfack%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gabriel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Arellano%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Staline%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kibet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Duncan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kimuyu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paul%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Musili%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Key%20message%3A%20The%20high%20mortality%20and%20low%20recruitment%20of%20the%20myrmecophytic%20Acacia%20drepanolobium%20are%20not%20consistent%20with%20the%20demographic%20rates%20of%20monodominant%20species.%20The%20positive%20conspecific%20density%20dependence%20observed%20from%20the%20spatial%20analysis%20is%20consistent%20with%20the%20defensive%20benefits%20conferred%20by%20symbiotic%20ants%20to%20trees%20when%20they%20grow%20close%20to%20each%20other.%20Abstract%3A%20Patches%20of%20savanna%20dominated%20by%20Acacia%20drepanolobium%20occur%20throughout%20East%20Africa%20on%20nutrient-rich%20vertisols%2C%20also%20known%20as%20black%20cotton%20soils.%20We%20assessed%20the%20survival%20and%20recruitment%20for%20all%20freestanding%20trees%20with%20diameter%20at%20knee%20height%20%28dkh%29%20%5Cu2265%2010%20mm%20in%20one%20of%20such%20mono-dominated%20patches%20%2847%20ha%29%20at%20the%20Mpala%20Research%20Centre%2C%20Kenya%2C%20with%20the%20aim%20of%20identifying%20demographic%20traits%20that%20might%20explain%20the%20dominance%20of%20this%20species.%20Over%20a%20mean%206-year%20interval%2C%20mortality%20and%20recruitment%20rates%20in%20the%20habitat%20were%204.55%25%5C%2Fyear%20and%201.42%25%5C%2Fyear%20respectively%2C%20resulting%20in%20a%20net%20loss%20of%2017.8%25%20of%20the%20initial%20individuals.%20Of%20the%2030%20species%20recorded%20from%20the%20first%20census%2C%2011%20decreased%20in%20abundance%2C%20nine%20increased%2C%20and%20the%20remainder%2010%20did%20not%20change%20in%20abundance.%20The%20monodominant%20A.%20drepanolobium%20had%20a%20high%20mortality%20%284.69%25%5C%2Fyear%29%2C%20a%20low%20recruitment%20%281.31%25%5C%2Fyear%29%2C%20and%20a%2019%25%20population%20decline.%20There%20was%20no%20evidence%20of%20conspecific%20negative%20density%20dependence%20for%20this%20species.%20Rather%2C%20we%20found%20a%20statistically%20significant%20positive%20correlation%20between%20the%20number%20of%20conspecific%20neighbors%20and%20individual-level%20probability%20of%20survival%2C%20consistent%20with%20the%20%5Cu201cshared%20defense%5Cu201d%20benefits%20that%20symbiotic%20ant%20colonies%20occupying%20multiple%20trees%20can%20confer%20to%20these%20latter%20in%20a%20small%20neighborhood.%20Thus%2C%20mortality%20of%20A.%20drepanolobium%20was%20higher%20in%20areas%20where%20it%20occurred%20in%20lower%20densities%2C%20which%20resulted%20in%20an%20increase%20in%20the%20spatial%20aggregation%20of%20conspecifics.%20Mortality%20increased%20with%20dkh%20size%20classes%20and%20was%20mostly%20caused%20by%20elephants%20and%20stem-boring%20beetles.%20The%20demographic%20rates%20during%20the%20study%20period%20in%20theory%20are%20inconsistent%20with%20those%20of%20monodominant%20species.%20The%20protection%20against%20herbivory%20conferred%20by%20mutualistic%20ants%20associated%20with%20this%20species%20remains%20the%20most%20probable%20explanation%20of%20its%20dominance%20in%20this%20habitat.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021-05%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs00468-021-02127-6%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2209311890%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Flink.springer.com%5C%2Farticle%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00468-021-02127-6%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A01%3A58Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22E2GR37NB%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Koch%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EKoch%2C%20A.%2C%20Brierley%2C%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20L.%20Lewis%2C%20S.%20%282021%29.%20Effects%20of%20Earth%20system%20feedbacks%20on%20the%20potential%20mitigation%20of%20large-scale%20tropical%20forest%20restoration.%20%3Ci%3EBiogeosciences%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E18%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%288%29%2C%202627%26%23×2013%3B2647.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.5194%5C%2Fbg-18-2627-2021%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.5194%5C%2Fbg-18-2627-2021%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DE2GR37NB%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Effects%20of%20Earth%20system%20feedbacks%20on%20the%20potential%20mitigation%20of%20large-scale%20tropical%20forest%20restoration%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alexander%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Koch%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chris%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Brierley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Simon%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22L.%20Lewis%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%5C%5Ctextlessp%5C%5CtextgreaterTo%20achieve%20the%20Paris%20Agreement%20requires%20aggressive%20mitigation%20strategies%20alongside%20negative%20emission%20technologies.%20Recent%20studies%20suggest%20that%20increasing%20tree%20cover%20can%20make%20a%20substantial%20contribution%20to%20negative%20emissions%2C%20with%20the%20tropics%20being%20the%20most%20suitable%20region%20from%20a%20biogeophysical%20perspective.%20Yet%20these%20studies%20typically%20do%20not%20account%20for%20subsequent%20carbon%20cycle%20and%20climate%20responses%20to%20large-scale%20land-use%20change.%20Here%20we%20quantify%20the%20maximum%20potential%20temperature%20and%20CO2%20benefits%20from%20pantropical%20forest%20restoration%2C%20including%20the%20Earth%20system%20response%2C%20using%20a%20fully%20coupled%2C%20emission-driven%20Earth%20system%20model%20%28HadGEM2-ES%29.%20We%20perform%20an%20idealised%20experiment%20where%20all%20land%20use%20in%20the%20tropics%20is%20stopped%20and%20vegetation%20is%20allowed%20to%20recover%2C%20on%20top%20of%20an%20aggressive%20mitigation%20scenario%20%28RCP2.6%29.We%20find%20that%20tropical%20restoration%20of%201529%20Mha%20increases%20carbon%20stored%20in%20live%20biomass%20by%20130%20Pg%20C%20by%202100%20CE.%20Whilst%20avoiding%20deforestation%20and%20tropical%20restoration%20in%20the%20tropics%20removes%2042%20Pg%20C%20compared%20to%20RCP2.6%2C%20the%20subsequent%20reduction%20in%20extratropical%20and%20ocean%20carbon%20uptake%20means%20that%20carbon%20in%20the%20atmosphere%20only%20reduces%20by%2018%20PgC%20by%202100.%20The%20resulting%20small%20CO2%20%289%20ppm%29%20benefit%20does%20not%20translate%20to%20a%20detectable%20reduction%20in%20global%20surface%20air%20temperature%20compared%20to%20the%20control%20experiment.%20The%20greatest%20carbon%20benefit%20is%20achieved%2030%5Cu201350%20years%20after%20restoration%20before%20the%20Earth%20system%20response%20adjusts%20to%20the%20new%20land-use%20regime%20and%20declining%20fossil%20fuel%20use.%20Comparing%20our%20results%20with%20previous%20modelling%20studies%2C%20we%20identify%20two%20model-independent%20key%20points%3A%20%28i%29%20in%20a%20world%20where%20emission%20reductions%20follow%20the%20Paris%20Agreement%2C%20restoration%20is%20best%20deployed%20immediately%2C%20and%20%28ii%29%20the%20global%20carbon%20cycle%20response%20to%20reduced%20emissions%20limits%20the%20efficacy%20of%20negative%20emissions%20technologies%20by%20more%20than%20half.%20We%20conclude%20that%20forest%20restoration%20can%20reduce%20peak%20CO2%20mid-century%2C%20but%20it%20can%20only%20modestly%20contribute%20to%20negative%20emissions.%5C%5Ctextless%5C%2Fp%5C%5Ctextgreater.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.5194%5C%2Fbg-18-2627-2021%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2217264189%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A56%3A10Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22FJ6S3MMS%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Kwon%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-07-14%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EKwon%2C%20T.%2C%20Shibata%2C%20H.%2C%20Kepfer-Rojas%2C%20S.%2C%20Schmidt%2C%20I.%20K.%2C%20Larsen%2C%20K.%20S.%2C%20Beier%2C%20C.%2C%20Berg%2C%20B.%2C%20Verheyen%2C%20K.%2C%20Lamarque%2C%20J.-F.%2C%20Hagedorn%2C%20F.%2C%20Eisenhauer%2C%20N.%2C%20Djukic%2C%20I.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20TeaComposition%20Network.%20%282021%29.%20Effects%20of%20Climate%20and%20Atmospheric%20Nitrogen%20Deposition%20on%20Early%20to%20Mid-Term%20Stage%20Litter%20Decomposition%20Across%20Biomes.%20%3Ci%3EFrontiers%20in%20Forests%20and%20Global%20Change%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E4%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20678480.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Fffgc.2021.678480%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Fffgc.2021.678480%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DFJ6S3MMS%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Effects%20of%20Climate%20and%20Atmospheric%20Nitrogen%20Deposition%20on%20Early%20to%20Mid-Term%20Stage%20Litter%20Decomposition%20Across%20Biomes%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22TaeOh%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kwon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hideaki%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shibata%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sebastian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kepfer-Rojas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Inger%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schmidt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Klaus%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Larsen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Claus%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Beier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bj%5Cu00f6rn%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Berg%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kris%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Verheyen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean-Francois%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lamarque%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Frank%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hagedorn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nico%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Eisenhauer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ika%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Djukic%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22TeaComposition%20Network%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22In%20contrast%2C%20expected%20changes%20in%20atmospheric%20N%20deposition%20will%20decrease%20the%20mid-term%20mass%20loss%20of%20high-quality%20litter%20by%201.4%5Cu20132.2%25%20and%20that%20of%20low-quality%20litter%20by%200.9%5Cu20131.5%25%20in%20the%20temperate%20biome.%20Our%20results%20suggest%20that%20projected%20increases%20in%20N%20deposition%20may%20have%20the%20capacity%20to%20dampen%20the%20climate-driven%20increases%20in%20litter%20decomposition%20depending%20on%20the%20biome%20and%20decomposition%20stage%20of%20substrate.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021-7-14%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.3389%5C%2Fffgc.2021.678480%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222624-893X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.frontiersin.org%5C%2Farticles%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Fffgc.2021.678480%5C%2Ffull%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22CM9YQJBN%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-03-17T07%3A33%3A25Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22KEP6IKC2%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Machida%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-08%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EMachida%2C%20W.%20S.%2C%20Gomes%2C%20L.%2C%20Moser%2C%20P.%2C%20Castro%2C%20I.%20B.%2C%20Miranda%2C%20S.%20C.%2C%20da%20Silva-J%26%23xFA%3Bnior%2C%20M.%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Bustamante%2C%20M.%20M.%20C.%20%282021%29.%20Long%20term%20post-fire%20recovery%20of%20woody%20plants%20in%20savannas%20of%20central%20Brazil.%20%3Ci%3EForest%20Ecology%20and%20Management%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E493%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20119255.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.foreco.2021.119255%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.foreco.2021.119255%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DKEP6IKC2%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Long%20term%20post-fire%20recovery%20of%20woody%20plants%20in%20savannas%20of%20central%20Brazil%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Waira%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Machida%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Let%5Cu00edcia%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gomes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pamela%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moser%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Isabela%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Castro%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sabrina%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Miranda%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Manoel%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22da%20Silva-J%5Cu00fanior%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mercedes%20M.C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bustamante%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Although%20fires%20have%20occurred%20in%20the%20Brazilian%20savannas%20%28Cerrado%29%20without%20human%20influence%2C%20current%20human%20activities%20are%20changing%20the%20fire%20regimes%20and%20negatively%20affects%20the%20vegetation%20resilience%20and%20recovery%20rates.%20Contrasting%20effects%20of%20fire%20on%20biodiversity%20and%20structure%20of%20vegetation%20in%20the%20Cerrado%20are%20dependent%20on%20fire%20frequency.%20Some%20anthropogenic%20fire%20regimes%20have%20increased%20fire%20frequency%20with%20shorter%20intervals%20between%20fires.%20However%2C%20the%20dynamics%20post-fire%20and%20the%20time%20needed%20for%20vegetation%20recovery%20are%20still%20poorly%20understood%20for%20the%20woody%20plants%20of%20Cerrado.%20We%20aimed%20to%20respond%20to%20two%20questions%3A%20Do%20the%20structure%2C%20floristic%2C%20and%20functional%20composition%20of%20woody%20species%20recover%20eight%20years%20post-fire%3F%20Do%20two%20consecutive%20fire%20events%20with%20seven%20years%20interval%20affect%20the%20floristic%20and%20structure%20of%20woody%20plants%20over%20time%3F%20We%20evaluated%20the%20woody%20dynamics%20in%20Cerrado%20savannas%20under%20three%20different%20fire%20regimes%20in%20central%20Brazil.%20We%20measured%20all%20trees%20and%20shrubs%20in%2010%20plots%20%28totaling%201%20ha%29%20from%201997%20to%202019%20%2822%20years%29%20and%20in%2010%20additional%20plots%20from%202008%20to%202019%20%2811%20years%29%20in%20three%20areas%3A%20unburned%20area%20%28fire%20exclusion%20for%2030%20years%20%5Cu2013%20fire%20regime%200%29%2C%20burned%20area%201%20%28one%20fire%20event%20in%202011%20%5Cu2013%20fire%20regime%201%29%2C%20and%20burned%20area%202%20%28burned%20in%201998%20and%202005%20%5Cu2013%20fire%20regime%202%29.%20We%20analyzed%20the%20vegetation%20structure%2C%20floristic%2C%20and%20functional%20composition%20through%20multiple%20inventories%20to%20evaluate%20the%20vegetation%20recovery%20status.%20Density%2C%20basal%20area%2C%20and%20biomass%20increased%20similarly%20over%20time%20in%20the%20burned%20area%201%20and%20the%20unburned%20area%2C%20showing%20that%20the%20woody%20vegetation%20parameters%20has%20recovered%20eight%20years%20after%20one%20fire%20event.%20Our%20results%20also%20showed%20that%20vegetation%20structure%20%28i.e.%2C%20density%2C%20basal%20area%2C%20and%20aboveground%20biomass%29%20remained%20relatively%20constant%20between%202006%20and%202013%20%288%20years%20after%20the%20occurrence%20of%20two%20fires%29.%20The%20data%20indicate%20growth%20only%20in%20the%20inventory%20after%2014%20years%20without%20fire.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021-08%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.foreco.2021.119255%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2203781127%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A01%3A58Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22E79UWPCU%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Malan%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EMalan%2C%20P.%20W.%2C%20Tiawoun%2C%20M.%20A.%20P.%2C%20Molatlhegi%2C%20K.%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Materechera%2C%20S.%20A.%20%282021%29.%20Effect%20of%20encroaching%20woody%20plant%20species%20on%20soil%20nutrients%20and%20selected%20soil%20chemical%20properties%20in%20communally%20managed%20semiarid%20savanna%20grazing%20lands%20in%20the%20North%20West%20province%2C%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3ESouth%20African%20Journal%20of%20Plant%20and%20Soil%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E38%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%2027%26%23×2013%3B35.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F02571862.2020.1829117%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F02571862.2020.1829117%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DE79UWPCU%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Effect%20of%20encroaching%20woody%20plant%20species%20on%20soil%20nutrients%20and%20selected%20soil%20chemical%20properties%20in%20communally%20managed%20semiarid%20savanna%20grazing%20lands%20in%20the%20North%20West%20province%2C%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pieter%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Malan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Maku%5Cu00e9t%5Cu00e9%20A.P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tiawoun%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Khumoetsile%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Molatlhegi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Simeon%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Materechera%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Woody%20plant%20encroachment%20is%20recognised%20as%20one%20of%20the%20major%20threats%20to%20biodiversity%20in%20ecosystems.%20In%20many%20arid%20and%20semiarid%20areas%20of%20South%20Africa%2C%20indigenous%20encroacher%20species%20are%20proliferating%2C%20but%20the%20factors%20that%20favor%20their%20abundance%20are%20poorly%20understood.%20This%20study%20investigated%20the%20effect%20of%20encroaching%20woody%20species%20on%20soil%20properties.%20The%20effects%20of%20two%20encroaching%20species%2C%20Senegalia%20mellifera%20and%20Dichrostachys%20cinerea%2C%20on%20soil%20nutrients%20and%20chemical%20properties%20were%20investigated%20in%208%20communally%20managed%20grazing%20sites%20and%20compared%20to%20the%20effects%20of%20the%20non-encroacher%2C%20Vachellia%20karroo%2C%20in%20two%20non-encroached%20benchmark%20sites.%20Three%20belt%20transects%20were%20laid%20out%20to%20determine%20woody%20plant%20density.%20Three%20soil%20samples%20%280-20%20cm%20deep%29%20per%20belt%20were%20sampled%20to%20determine%20soil%20properties.%20Senegalia%20mellifera%20was%20the%20most%20abundant%20with%20a%20mean%20density%20of%205907%20TE%20ha%5Cu22121.%20Soil%20properties%20in%20the%20benchmark%20sites%20had%20no%20significant%20differences%20%28p%20%5C%5Ctextgreater%200.05%29%20than%20soil%20under%20encroaching%20D.%20cinerea%20regarding%20organic%20C%2C%20total%20N%2C%20C%3AN%2C%20exchangeable%20Na%2C%20CEC%2C%20EC%2C%20ESP%2C%20SAR%20and%20soil%20texture.%20Plant%20influence%20on%20soil%20differed%20among%20encroaching%20species%20and%20between%20encroaching%20and%20non-encroaching%20species.%20Plant%20diversity%20explain%20the%20variation%20of%20soil%20properties%20and%20prove%20the%20important%20specific%20role%20of%20each%20species%20in%20the%20ecosystem.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1080%5C%2F02571862.2020.1829117%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2202571862%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A42%3A13Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22GDA46CTG%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Marnewick%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EMarnewick%2C%20D.%2C%20Stevens%2C%20C.%20M.%20D.%2C%20Jonas%2C%20H.%2C%20Antrobus%26%23×2010%3Bwuth%2C%20R.%2C%20Wilson%2C%20N.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Theron%2C%20N.%20%282021%29.%20Assessing%20the%20extent%20and%20contribution%20of%20oecms%20in%20south%20africa.%20%3Ci%3EParks%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E27%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%2057%26%23×2013%3B70.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2305%5C%2FIUCN.CH.2021.PARKS-27-1DM.en%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2305%5C%2FIUCN.CH.2021.PARKS-27-1DM.en%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DGDA46CTG%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Assessing%20the%20extent%20and%20contribution%20of%20oecms%20in%20south%20africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Daniel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Marnewick%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Candice%20M.D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stevens%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Harry%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jonas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Romy%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Antrobus%5Cu2010wuth%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Natasha%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wilson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicholas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Theron%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22In%202018%2C%20Parties%20to%20the%20Convention%20on%20Biological%20Diversity%20%28CBD%29%20adopted%20a%20definition%20and%20criteria%20for%20identifying%20other%20effective%20area-based%20conservation%20measures%20%28OECMs%29.%20South%20Africa%20is%20one%20of%20the%20first%20countries%20to%20undertake%20a%20comprehensive%20national%20review%20of%20its%20potential%20OECMs.%20Previous%20research%20results%20already%20estimated%20that%2048.5%20per%20cent%20of%20sites%20within%20South%20Africa%27s%20unprotected%20Key%20Biodiversity%20Areas%20could%20potentially%20meet%20the%20OECM%20definition.%20A%20subsequent%20multi-stakeholder%20study%20provided%20an%20opportunity%20to%20assess%20the%20alignment%20between%20OECMs%20and%20national%20conservation%20policy%20and%20practice%2C%20to%20further%20determine%20the%20potential%20extent%20of%20OECMs%2C%20and%20whether%20OECMs%20may%20strengthen%20the%20country%27s%20collective%20conservation%20estate.%20This%20study%20led%20to%20several%20findings.%20First%2C%20the%20OECM%20framework%20facilitates%20the%20formalisation%2C%20expansion%20and%20reporting%20of%20South%20Africa%27s%20conservation%20areas%20estate.%20Second%2C%20OECMs%20strengthen%20interconnected%20landscapes%20and%20seascapes%20alongside%20protected%20areas.%20Third%2C%20OECMs%20can%20include%20a%20diverse%20range%20of%20rights-holders%20contributing%20to%20area-based%20conservation%2C%20including%20previously%20marginalised%20groups%2C%20land%20use%20types%20and%20sectors.%20Fourth%2C%20OECMs%20play%20a%20role%20in%20supporting%20local%20economies%20that%20are%20simultaneously%20safeguarding%20environmental%20assets.%20A%20significant%20challenge%20remains%20to%20leverage%20financial%20and%20human%20resources%20to%20assess%2C%20report%2C%20monitor%20and%20support%20OECMs%2C%20without%20diverting%20resources%20from%20other%20conservation%20priorities%2C%20especially%20protected%20areas.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.2305%5C%2FIUCN.CH.2021.PARKS-27-1DM.en%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2224112119%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A01%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22Q9LQTX3S%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22McCarroll%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-07-15%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EMcCarroll%2C%20R.%20J.%2C%20Scott%2C%20T.%2C%20King%2C%20E.%20V.%2C%20Masselink%2C%20G.%2C%20Ciotti%2C%20B.%20J.%2C%20Cloete%2C%20A.%2C%20Steyn%2C%20P.-P.%2C%20Britz%2C%20P.%2C%20Vine%2C%20N.%20G.%2C%20Deyzel%2C%20S.%20H.%20P.%2C%20Witte%2C%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Clark%2C%20R.%20%282021%29.%20Modelling%20regional%20and%20local-scale%20larval%20seeding%20strategies%20for%20abalone%20%28H.%20midae%29%20ranching%20in%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EAquaculture%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E540%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20736668.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.aquaculture.2021.736668%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.aquaculture.2021.736668%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DQ9LQTX3S%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Modelling%20regional%20and%20local-scale%20larval%20seeding%20strategies%20for%20abalone%20%28H.%20midae%29%20ranching%20in%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20Jak%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McCarroll%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tim%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Scott%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Erin%20V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22King%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gerd%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Masselink%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Benjamin%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ciotti%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anton%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cloete%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paul-Pierre%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Steyn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Britz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Niall%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vine%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Shaun%20H.%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deyzel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Witte%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Richard%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Clark%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Understanding%20connectivity%20between%20abalone%20populations%20and%20residence%20times%20for%20pelagic%20larvae%20within%20suitable%20settlement%20habitats%20is%20critical%20for%20sustainable%20management%20of%20wild%20abalone%20stocks%20and%20ranching%20schemes.%20In%20the%20Eastern%20Cape%20region%20of%20South%20Africa%2C%20poaching%20has%20severely%20depleted%20wild%20abalone%20Haliotis%20midae%20populations.%20Rebuilding%20stock%20through%20larval%20seeding%20is%20being%20considered%20as%20a%20potentially%20viable%20method%2C%20though%20is%20hampered%20by%20a%20limited%20understanding%20of%20abalone%20habitat%20connectivity%20through%20larval%20dispersal%2C%20both%20at%20a%20regional%20and%20local%20scale.%20To%20address%20this%20shortcoming%2C%20we%20apply%20a%20multi-scale%20approach%20to%20investigate%20potential%20larval%20dispersal%20along%20the%20coastline%20of%20Eastern%20Cape%2C%20South%20Africa%2C%20examining%20both%20intra-%20and%20inter-site%20connectivity%2C%20with%20the%20primary%20focus%20at%20the%20local%20nearshore%20scale%20%28%3C%2040%5Cu00a0m%20water%20depth%29%20where%20surf%20zone%20processes%20have%20a%20strong%20influence.%20Delft3D%20is%20applied%20at%20a%20regional%20scale%20%28400-km%20domain%29%20and%20XBeach%20is%20used%20at%20a%20local%20scale%20%285-km%20domain%29%20to%20model%20a%20known%20abalone%20habitat%20at%20Cape%20Recife%20at%20high-resolution%20%285-m%20cell%20size%29.%20Models%20were%20validated%20using%20field%20observations.%20Complex%20topo-bathymetry%20data%20for%20the%20local-scale%20model%20domain%20around%20Cape%20Recife%20were%20obtained%20using%20a%20state-of-the-art%20low-cost%20multi-method%20surveying%20approach.%20At%20a%20regional%20scale%2C%20sites%20with%20abalone%20habitat%20have%20the%20potential%20to%20be%20connected%20across%20distances%20of%2050%5Cu2013100%5Cu00a0km.%20However%2C%20a%20large%20sandy%20embayment%20%28Algoa%20Bay%3B%20100-km%20arc%20length%29%20is%20likely%20to%20present%20an%20obstacle%20to%20larval%20transport%20in%20all%20but%20the%20most%20extreme%20and%20sustained%20wind%20and%20wave%20forcing%20conditions.%20The%20central%20Cape%20Recife%20abalone%20ranching%20area%20has%20the%20potential%20to%20act%20either%20as%20a%20self-seeding%20or%20meta-population%20connected%20site%2C%20depending%20on%20forcing%20conditions.%20At%20the%20local%20scale%20around%20Cape%20Recife%2C%20a%20zone%20of%20shallow%20gullies%2C%20under%20lower-energy%20waves%2C%20was%20determined%20to%20be%20the%20optimal%20release%20point%20to%20maximise%20residency%20times%20within%20the%20preferred%20rocky%2C%20shallow%20subtidal%20habitat%20of%20H.%20midae.%20Competent%20larvae%20released%20in%20this%20zone%20are%20predicted%20to%20have%20an%20order%20of%20magnitude%20greater%20residency%20than%20randomly%20seeded%20larvae.%20This%20study%20provides%20site-specific%20connectivity%20and%20residence%20time%20information%20for%20the%20Eastern%20Cape%20abalone%20fishery%2C%20but%20more%20generally%20it%20provides%20a%20novel%20multi-scale%20method%20to%20aid%20in%20planning%20and%20managing%20of%20abalone%20larval%20seeding%20for%20ranching%20and%20stock%20enhancement%20programs%20that%20could%20be%20applied%20in%20other%20locations.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021-07-15%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.aquaculture.2021.736668%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220044-8486%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%5C%2Fscience%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0044848621003306%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2285DCE2P4%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-26T09%3A52%3A01Z%22%7D%7D%5D%7D
Abraham, J. O., Goldberg, E. R., Botha, J., & Staver, A. C. (2021). Heterogeneity in African savanna elephant distributions and their impacts on trees in Kruger National Park, South Africa. Ecology and Evolution, 11(10), 5624–5634. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.7465 Cite

Addo-Bediako, A., & Rasifudi, L. (2021). Spatial distribution of heavy metals in the Ga-Selati River of the Olifants River System, South Africa. Chemistry and Ecology, 37(5), 450–463. https://doi.org/10.1080/02757540.2021.1888937 Cite

Aulenbach, B. T., Hooper, R. P., van Meerveld, H. J., Burns, D. A., Freer, J. E., Shanley, J. B., Huntington, T. G., McDonnell, J. J., & Peters, N. E. (2021). The evolving perceptual model of streamflow generation at the Panola Mountain Research Watershed. Hydrological Processes, 35(4), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.14127 Cite

Barnard, S., Morgenthal, T. L., Stolz, M., & Venter, A. (2021). Impact of land-use and flow conditions on the phytoplankton of the Sabie River, South Africa. Bothalia, 51(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.38201/btha.abc.v51.i1.6 Cite

Bernard, A., Juby, R., Haupt, T., von der Meden, C., Snyders, L., & van der Heever, G. (2021). Video demonstrating how to set-up, deploy and operate a Baited Remote Underwater Video System.[Training Video]. Cite

Blair, A. M. (2021). The complex socio-ecological system of the lowveld marula bioeconomy catchment [PhD dissertation]. University of the Witwatersrand. Cite

Blair, A. M., Thompson, D. I., Twine, W. C., & Grab, S. W. (2021). The social-ecological drivers across land-use intersects driving marula tree population dynamics in north-eastern South Africa. Forest Ecology and Management, 492(119209). https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119209 Cite

Blair, A. M., Thompson, D. I., Twine, W. C., & Grab, S. (2021). The social-ecological drivers across land-use intersects driving marula tree population dynamics in north-eastern South Africa. Forest Ecology and Management, 492(January), 119209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119209 Cite

Bora, Z., Wang, Y., Xu, X., Angassa, A., & You, Y. (2021). Effects comparison of co-occurring Vachellia tree species on understory herbaceous vegetation biomass and soil nutrient: Case of semi-arid savanna grasslands in southern Ethiopia. Journal of Arid Environments, 190, 104527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2021.104527 Cite

Buisson, E., Fidelis, A., Overbeck, G. E., Schmidt, I. B., Durigan, G., Young, T. P., Alvardo, S. T., Arruda, A. J., Boisson, S., Bond, W., Coutinho, A., Kirkman, K., Oliveira, R. S., Schmitt, M. H., Siebert, F., Siebert, S. J., Thompson, D. I., & Silveira, F. (2021). A research agenda for the restoration of tropical and
subtropical grasslands and savannas. Restoration Ecology, 29(S1), 1–18. https://doi.org/doi: 10.1111/rec.13292 Cite

Buisson, E., Fidelis, A., Overbeck, G. E., Schmidt, I. B., Durigan, G., Young, T. P., Alvarado, S. T., Arruda, A. J., Boisson, S., Bond, W., Coutinho, A., Kirkman, K., Oliveira, R. S., Schmitt, M. H., Siebert, F., Siebert, S. J., Thompson, D. I., & Silveira, F. A. O. (2021). A research agenda for the restoration of tropical and subtropical grasslands and savannas. Restoration Ecology, 29(S1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13292 Cite

Carbutt, C., & Thompson, D. I. (2021). Mountain Watch: How LT(S)ER is Safeguarding Southern Africa’s People and Biodiversity for a Sustainable Mountain Future. Land, 10(1024), 1–27. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.3390/land10101024 Cite

Chang, J., Ciais, P., Gasser, T., Smith, P., Herrero, M., Havlík, P., Obersteiner, M., Guenet, B., Goll, D. S., Li, W., Naipal, V., Peng, S., Qiu, C., Tian, H., Viovy, N., Yue, C., & Zhu, D. (2021). Climate warming from managed grasslands cancels the cooling effect of carbon sinks in sparsely grazed and natural grasslands. Nature Communications, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-20406-7 Cite

Clark, V. R., Kunkel, K., O’Connor, T., Jewitt, D., Sekhele, N., & Kirkman, K. (2021). Montane rangelands in a changing world. African Journal of Range & Forage Science, 38(1), iii-vi-iii–vi. https://doi.org/10.2989/10220119.2021.1886434 Cite

Clark, V. R., Kunkel, K., O’Connor, T., Jewitt, D., Sekhele, N., & Kirkman, K. (2021). Montane rangelands in a changing world. African Journal of Range & Forage Science, 38(1), iii-vi-iii–vi. https://doi.org/10.2989/10220119.2021.1886434 Cite

Clark, V. R., Kunkel, K., O’Connor, T., Jewitt, D., Sekhele, N., & Kirkman, K. (2021). Montane rangelands in a changing world. African Journal of Range & Forage Science, 38(1), iii-vi-iii–vi. https://doi.org/10.2989/10220119.2021.1886434 Cite

Cotiyane-Pondo, P., & Bornman, T. G. (2021). Environmental Heterogeneity Determines Diatom Colonisation on Artificial Substrata: Implications for Biomonitoring in Coastal Marine Waters. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 9. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2021.767960 Cite

Davis-Reddy, C., & Hilgart, A. (2021). Toward an Interoperable National Hazards Events Database for South Africa. Frontiers in Climate, 3. https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2021.591020 Cite

de Deus Vidal, J., le Roux, P. C., Johnson, S. D., te Beest, M., & Clark, V. R. (2021). Beyond the Tree-Line: The C 3-C 4 “Grass-Line” Can Track Global Change in the World’s Grassy Mountain Systems. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 9. Cite

Dean, W. R. J. (2021). A review of the conservation status of birds in the Guineo‐Congolian forest of Africa. Journal of Field Ornithology, jofo.12388. https://doi.org/10.1111/jofo.12388 Cite

Deventer, H. V., Adams, J. B., Durand, J. F., Grobler, R., Grundling, P. L., van Rensburg, S. J., Jewitt, D., Kelbe, B., MacKay, C. F., Naidoo, L., Nel, J. L., Pretorius, L., Riddin, T., & Niekerk, L. V. (2021). Conservation conundrum – Red listing of subtropical-temperate coastal forested wetlands of South Africa. Ecological Indicators, 130, 108077–108077. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.108077 Cite

Duman, T., Huang, C. W., & Litvak, M. E. (2021). Recent land cover changes in the Southwestern US lead to an increase in surface temperature. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2020.108246 Cite

Flynn, R. F., Bornman, T. G., Burger, J. M., Smith, S., Spence, K. A. M., & Fawcett, S. E. (2021). Summertime productivity and carbon export potential in the Weddell Sea, with a focus on the waters adjacent to Larsen C Ice Shelf. Biogeosciences, 18(22), 6031–6059. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6031-2021 Cite

Fonge, B. A., Tabot, P. T., Charleine, D. S., Mambo, F. Q., & Human, L. (2021). Ecophysiological and Anthropogenic Determinants of Phytoplankton Community Structure in Streams Receiving Effluents from the Douala-Bassa Industrial Zone. Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology, 24–38. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajee/2021/v14i130195 Cite

Frye, H. A., Aiello‐Lammens, M. E., Euston‐Brown, D., Jones, C. S., Kilroy Mollmann, H., Merow, C., Slingsby, J. A., van der Merwe, H., Wilson, A. M., & Silander, J. A. (2021). Plant spectral diversity as a surrogate for species, functional and phylogenetic diversity across a hyper‐diverse biogeographic region. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 30(7), 1403–1417. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.13306 Cite

GILBOA, A. (2021). Appendix C: A Raid on the Red Sea, 271–274. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1ffpd15.25 Cite

Gokool, S., Moody, J. E., Nippert, J., Swemmer, A., Chetty, K. T., Magombeyi, M., & Riddell, E. S. (2021). A preliminary evaluation of ecohydrological separation in a semi-arid riparian area. Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology, 21(2), 271–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecohyd.2021.01.002 Cite

Gokool, S., Elizabeth, J., Nippert, J., Swemmer, A., Tinisha, K., Magombeyi, M., & Sebastian, E. (2021). semi-arid riparian area. Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology, xxxx. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecohyd.2021.01.002 Cite

Gokool, S., Moody, J. E., Nippert, J., Swemmer, A., Chetty, K. T., Magombeyi, M., & Riddell, E. S. (2021). A preliminary evaluation of ecohydrological separation in a semi-arid riparian area. Ecohydrology and Hydrobiology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecohyd.2021.01.002 Cite

Gordijn, P. J., & O’Connor, T. G. (2021). Multidecadal effects of fire in a grassland biodiversity hotspot: does pyrodiversity enhance plant diversity? Ecological Applications, 0(0), 1–19. Cite

Gordon, C. E., Lerm, R. E., Allin, P., Greve, M., & Svenning, J.-C. (2021). Elephant rewilding indirectly affects the abundance of an arboreal but not generalist savanna lizard. Biodiversity and Conservation, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-021-02141-7 Cite

Gray, B. A., Toucher, M. L., Savage, M. J., & Clulow, A. D. (2021). The potential of surface renewal for determining sensible heat flux for indigenous vegetation for a first-order montane catchment. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 1-13-1–13. Cite

Haupt, T., Snyders, L., van der Heever, G., & Bernard, A. (2021). Video demonstrating how to set-up, deploy and operate a shallow-water drop camera system.[Training video]. Cite

Hawkins, H. J., Moradzadeh, M., Vermeire, M. L., Chikomba, F., & Wu, L. (2021). Modelling Grazing and Burning in Communal Rangelands to Help Understand Trade-offs between Production, Carbon, and Water. Cite

Hawkins, H. J., Moradzadeh, M., Vermeire, M. L., Chikomba, F., & Wu, L. (2021). Modelling Grazing and Burning in Communal Rangelands to Help Understand Trade-offs between Production, Carbon, and Water. Cite

Henschel, J. R. (2021). Long-Term Population Dynamics of Namib Desert Tenebrionid Beetles Reveal Complex Relationships to Pulse-Reserve Conditions. Insects, 12(9), 804. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12090804 Cite

Issifu, H., Vergeer, P., Ametsitsi, G. K. D., Klijn, J., Sartorelli, P., Tanson, M., Bayor, H., Logah, V., van Langevelde, F., & Veenendaal, E. (2021). Responses of tropical tree seedlings in the forest–savanna boundary to combined effects of grass competition and fire. Biotropica, February, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1111/btp.12948 Cite

Juby, R., Bernard, A., & Götz, A. (2021). Day/night patterns of habitat use by dogfish sharks (Squalidae) at photic and subphotic warm-temperate reefs: evidence for diel movements and size- and sex-segregation. African Journal of Marine Science, 43(3), 325–336. https://doi.org/10.2989/1814232X.2021.1951839 Cite

Jürgens, N., Gunter, F., Oldeland, J., Groengroeft, A., Henschel, J. R., Oncken, I., & Picker, M. D. (2021). Largest on earth: Discovery of a new type of fairy circle in Angola supports a termite origin. Ecological Entomology, 46(4), 777–789. https://doi.org/10.1111/een.12996 Cite

Kalinski, J.-C. J., Krause, R. W. M., Parker-Nance, S., Waterworth, S. C., & Dorrington, R. A. (2021). Unlocking the Diversity of Pyrroloiminoquinones Produced by Latrunculid Sponge Species. Marine Drugs, 19(2), 68. https://doi.org/10.3390/md19020068 Cite

Katibah, E. F. (2021). a Brief History of Riparian Forests in the Central Valley of California. California Riparian Systems, 23–29. https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520322431-008 Cite

Kellner, K., Mangani, R. T., Sebitloane, T. J. K., Chirima, J. G., Meyer, N., Coetzee, H. C., Malan, P. W., & Koch, J. (2021). Restoration after bush control in selected rangeland areas of semi-arid savannas in South Africa. Bothalia, 51(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.38201/btha.abc.v51.i1.7 Cite

Kellner, K., Mangani, R. T., Sebitloane, T. J. K., Chirima, J. G., Meyer, N., Coetzee, H. C., Malan, P. W., & Koch, J. (2021). BOTHALIA-African Biodiversity & Conservation. Bothalia, African Biodiversity & Conservation, 51(1). https://doi.org/10.38201/btha.abc.v51.i1.7 Cite

Kenfack, D., Arellano, G., Kibet, S., Kimuyu, D., & Musili, P. (2021). Understanding the monodominance of Acacia drepanolobium in East African savannas: insights from demographic data. Trees – Structure and Function, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-021-02127-6 Cite

Koch, A., Brierley, C., & L. Lewis, S. (2021). Effects of Earth system feedbacks on the potential mitigation of large-scale tropical forest restoration. Biogeosciences, 18(8), 2627–2647. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2627-2021 Cite

Kwon, T., Shibata, H., Kepfer-Rojas, S., Schmidt, I. K., Larsen, K. S., Beier, C., Berg, B., Verheyen, K., Lamarque, J.-F., Hagedorn, F., Eisenhauer, N., Djukic, I., & TeaComposition Network. (2021). Effects of Climate and Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition on Early to Mid-Term Stage Litter Decomposition Across Biomes. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, 4, 678480. https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2021.678480 Cite

Machida, W. S., Gomes, L., Moser, P., Castro, I. B., Miranda, S. C., da Silva-Júnior, M. C., & Bustamante, M. M. C. (2021). Long term post-fire recovery of woody plants in savannas of central Brazil. Forest Ecology and Management, 493, 119255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119255 Cite

Malan, P. W., Tiawoun, M. A. P., Molatlhegi, K. S., & Materechera, S. A. (2021). Effect of encroaching woody plant species on soil nutrients and selected soil chemical properties in communally managed semiarid savanna grazing lands in the North West province, South Africa. South African Journal of Plant and Soil, 38(1), 27–35. https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.2020.1829117 Cite

Marnewick, D., Stevens, C. M. D., Jonas, H., Antrobus‐wuth, R., Wilson, N., & Theron, N. (2021). Assessing the extent and contribution of oecms in south africa. Parks, 27(1), 57–70. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.CH.2021.PARKS-27-1DM.en Cite

McCarroll, R. J., Scott, T., King, E. V., Masselink, G., Ciotti, B. J., Cloete, A., Steyn, P.-P., Britz, P., Vine, N. G., Deyzel, S. H. P., Witte, A., & Clark, R. (2021). Modelling regional and local-scale larval seeding strategies for abalone (H. midae) ranching in South Africa. Aquaculture, 540, 736668. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.736668 Cite






2020
2592029
2020
items
1
0
author
asc
1
218
https://www.saeon.ac.za/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
%7B%22status%22%3A%22success%22%2C%22updateneeded%22%3Afalse%2C%22instance%22%3A%22zotpress-2e2c808a1b65e01cda7db7afec634664%22%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22request_last%22%3A150%2C%22request_next%22%3A50%2C%22used_cache%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22data%22%3A%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%22QY5Y27C7%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Aleman%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020-10%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAleman%2C%20J.%20C.%2C%20Fayolle%2C%20A.%2C%20Favier%2C%20C.%2C%20Staver%2C%20A.%20C.%2C%20Dexter%2C%20K.%20G.%2C%20Ryan%2C%20C.%20M.%2C%20Azihou%2C%20A.%20F.%2C%20Bauman%2C%20D.%2C%20te%20Beest%2C%20M.%2C%20Chidumayo%2C%20E.%20N.%2C%20Comiskey%2C%20J.%20A.%2C%20Cromsigt%2C%20J.%20P.%20G.%20M.%2C%20Dessard%2C%20H.%2C%20Doucet%2C%20J.-L.%2C%20Finckh%2C%20M.%2C%20Gillet%2C%20J.-F.%2C%20Gourlet-Fleury%2C%20S.%2C%20Hempson%2C%20G.%20P.%2C%20Holdo%2C%20R.%20M.%2C%20%26%23×2026%3B%20Swaine%2C%20M.%20D.%20%282020%29.%20Floristic%20evidence%20for%20alternative%20biome%20states%20in%20tropical%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EProceedings%20of%20the%20National%20Academy%20of%20Sciences%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E117%20%2845%29%202%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20202011515.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1073%5C%2Fpnas.2011515117%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1073%5C%2Fpnas.2011515117%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DQY5Y27C7%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Floristic%20evidence%20for%20alternative%20biome%20states%20in%20tropical%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Aleman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fayolle%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Favier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Staver%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dexter%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ryan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Azihou%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bauman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22te%20Beest%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%20N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chidumayo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Comiskey%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20P.%20G.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cromsigt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dessard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.-L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Doucet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Finckh%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.-F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gillet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gourlet-Fleury%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hempson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Holdo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kirunda%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22F.%20N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kouame%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mahy%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22F.%20Maiato%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gon%5Cu00e7alves%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22I.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McNicol%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20Nieto%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Quintano%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Plumptre%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pritchard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Revermann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schmitt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Swemmer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Talila%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Woollen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Swaine%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20idea%20that%20tropical%20forest%20and%20savanna%20are%20alternative%20states%20is%20crucial%20to%20how%20we%20manage%20these%20biomes%20and%20predict%20their%20future%20under%20global%20change.%20Large-scale%20empirical%20evidence%20for%20alternative%20stable%20states%20is%20limited%2C%20however%2C%20and%20comes%20mostly%20from%20the%20multimodal%20distribution%20of%20structural%20aspects%20of%20vegetation.%20These%20approaches%20have%20been%20criticized%2C%20as%20structure%20alone%20cannot%20separate%20out%20wetter%20savannas%20from%20drier%20forests%20for%20example%2C%20and%20there%20are%20also%20technical%20challenges%20to%20mapping%20vegetation%20structure%20in%20unbiased%20ways.%20Here%2C%20we%20develop%20an%20alternative%20approach%20to%20delimit%20the%20climatic%20envelope%20of%20the%20two%20biomes%20in%20Africa%20using%20tree%20species%20lists%20gathered%20for%20a%20large%20number%20of%20forest%20and%20savanna%20sites%20distributed%20across%20the%20continent.%20Our%20analyses%20confirm%20extensive%20climatic%20overlap%20of%20forest%20and%20savanna%2C%20supporting%20the%20alternative%20stable%20states%20hypothesis%20for%20Africa%2C%20and%20this%20result%20is%20corroborated%20by%20paleoecological%20evidence.%20Further%2C%20we%20find%20the%20two%20biomes%20to%20have%20highly%20divergent%20tree%20species%20compositions%20and%20to%20represent%20alternative%20compositional%20states.%20This%20allowed%20us%20to%20classify%20tree%20species%20as%20forest%20vs.%20savanna%20specialists%2C%20with%20some%20generalist%20species%20that%20span%20both%20biomes.%20In%20conjunction%20with%20georeferenced%20herbarium%20records%2C%20we%20mapped%20the%20forest%20and%20savanna%20distributions%20across%20Africa%20and%20quantified%20their%20environmental%20limits%2C%20which%20are%20primarily%20related%20to%20precipitation%20and%20seasonality%2C%20with%20a%20secondary%20contribution%20of%20fire.%20These%20results%20are%20important%20for%20the%20ongoing%20efforts%20to%20restore%20African%20ecosystems%2C%20which%20depend%20on%20accurate%20biome%20maps%20to%20set%20appropriate%20targets%20for%20the%20restored%20states%20but%20also%20provide%20empirical%20evidence%20for%20broad-scale%20bistability.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020-10%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1073%5C%2Fpnas.2011515117%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220027-8424%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.pnas.org%5C%2Flookup%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1073%5C%2Fpnas.2011515117%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A13%3A31Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ZAZ3F6L8%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Aleman%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020-11-10%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAleman%2C%20J.%20C.%2C%20Fayolle%2C%20A.%2C%20Favier%2C%20C.%2C%20Staver%2C%20A.%20C.%2C%20Dexter%2C%20K.%20G.%2C%20Ryan%2C%20C.%20M.%2C%20Azihou%2C%20A.%20F.%2C%20Bauman%2C%20D.%2C%20te%20Beest%2C%20M.%2C%20Chidumayo%2C%20E.%20N.%2C%20Comiskey%2C%20J.%20A.%2C%20Cromsigt%2C%20J.%20P.%20G.%20M.%2C%20Dessard%2C%20H.%2C%20Doucet%2C%20J.-L.%2C%20Finckh%2C%20M.%2C%20Gillet%2C%20J.-F.%2C%20Gourlet-Fleury%2C%20S.%2C%20Hempson%2C%20G.%20P.%2C%20Holdo%2C%20R.%20M.%2C%20%26%23×2026%3B%20Swaine%2C%20M.%20D.%20%282020%29.%20Floristic%20evidence%20for%20alternative%20biome%20states%20in%20tropical%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EProceedings%20of%20the%20National%20Academy%20of%20Sciences%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E117%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2845%29%2C%2028183%26%23×2013%3B28190.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1073%5C%2Fpnas.2011515117%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1073%5C%2Fpnas.2011515117%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DZAZ3F6L8%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Floristic%20evidence%20for%20alternative%20biome%20states%20in%20tropical%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Aleman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fayolle%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Favier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Staver%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dexter%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ryan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Azihou%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bauman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22te%20Beest%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%20N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chidumayo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Comiskey%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20P.%20G.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cromsigt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dessard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.-L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Doucet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Finckh%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.-F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gillet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gourlet-Fleury%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hempson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Holdo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kirunda%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22F.%20N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kouame%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mahy%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22F.%20Maiato%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gon%5Cu00e7alves%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22I.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McNicol%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20Nieto%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Quintano%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Plumptre%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pritchard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Revermann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schmitt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Swemmer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Talila%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Woollen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Swaine%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20idea%20that%20tropical%20forest%20and%20savanna%20are%20alternative%20states%20is%20crucial%20to%20how%20we%20manage%20these%20biomes%20and%20predict%20their%20future%20under%20global%20change.%20Large-scale%20empirical%20evidence%20for%20alternative%20stable%20states%20is%20limited%2C%20however%2C%20and%20comes%20mostly%20from%20the%20multimodal%20distribution%20of%20structural%20aspects%20of%20vegetation.%20These%20approaches%20have%20been%20criticized%2C%20as%20structure%20alone%20cannot%20separate%20out%20wetter%20savannas%20from%20drier%20forests%20for%20example%2C%20and%20there%20are%20also%20technical%20challenges%20to%20mapping%20vegetation%20structure%20in%20unbiased%20ways.%20Here%2C%20we%20develop%20an%20alternative%20approach%20to%20delimit%20the%20climatic%20envelope%20of%20the%20two%20biomes%20in%20Africa%20using%20tree%20species%20lists%20gathered%20for%20a%20large%20number%20of%20forest%20and%20savanna%20sites%20distributed%20across%20the%20continent.%20Our%20analyses%20confirm%20extensive%20climatic%20overlap%20of%20forest%20and%20savanna%2C%20supporting%20the%20alternative%20stable%20states%20hypothesis%20for%20Africa%2C%20and%20this%20result%20is%20corroborated%20by%20paleoecological%20evidence.%20Further%2C%20we%20find%20the%20two%20biomes%20to%20have%20highly%20divergent%20tree%20species%20compositions%20and%20to%20represent%20alternative%20compositional%20states.%20This%20allowed%20us%20to%20classify%20tree%20species%20as%20forest%20vs.%20savanna%20specialists%2C%20with%20some%20generalist%20species%20that%20span%20both%20biomes.%20In%20conjunction%20with%20georeferenced%20herbarium%20records%2C%20we%20mapped%20the%20forest%20and%20savanna%20distributions%20across%20Africa%20and%20quantified%20their%20environmental%20limits%2C%20which%20are%20primarily%20related%20to%20precipitation%20and%20seasonality%2C%20with%20a%20secondary%20contribution%20of%20fire.%20These%20results%20are%20important%20for%20the%20ongoing%20efforts%20to%20restore%20African%20ecosystems%2C%20which%20depend%20on%20accurate%20biome%20maps%20to%20set%20appropriate%20targets%20for%20the%20restored%20states%20but%20also%20provide%20empirical%20evidence%20for%20broad-scale%20bistability.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020-11-10%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1073%5C%2Fpnas.2011515117%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.pnas.org%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Ffull%5C%2F10.1073%5C%2Fpnas.2011515117%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%228VPML3VD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-01-09T11%3A46%3A23Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22KE3REV27%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Aleman%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020-11-10%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAleman%2C%20J.%20C.%2C%20Fayolle%2C%20A.%2C%20Favier%2C%20C.%2C%20Staver%2C%20A.%20C.%2C%20Dexter%2C%20K.%20G.%2C%20Ryan%2C%20C.%20M.%2C%20Azihou%2C%20A.%20F.%2C%20Bauman%2C%20D.%2C%20te%20Beest%2C%20M.%2C%20Chidumayo%2C%20E.%20N.%2C%20Comiskey%2C%20J.%20A.%2C%20Cromsigt%2C%20J.%20P.%20G.%20M.%2C%20Dessard%2C%20H.%2C%20Doucet%2C%20J.-L.%2C%20Finckh%2C%20M.%2C%20Gillet%2C%20J.-F.%2C%20Gourlet-Fleury%2C%20S.%2C%20Hempson%2C%20G.%20P.%2C%20Holdo%2C%20R.%20M.%2C%20%26%23×2026%3B%20Swaine%2C%20M.%20D.%20%282020%29.%20Floristic%20evidence%20for%20alternative%20biome%20states%20in%20tropical%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EProceedings%20of%20the%20National%20Academy%20of%20Sciences%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E117%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2845%29%2C%2028183%26%23×2013%3B28190.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1073%5C%2Fpnas.2011515117%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1073%5C%2Fpnas.2011515117%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DKE3REV27%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Floristic%20evidence%20for%20alternative%20biome%20states%20in%20tropical%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Aleman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fayolle%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Favier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Staver%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dexter%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ryan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Azihou%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bauman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22te%20Beest%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%20N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chidumayo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Comiskey%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20P.%20G.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cromsigt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dessard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.-L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Doucet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Finckh%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.-F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gillet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gourlet-Fleury%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hempson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Holdo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kirunda%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22F.%20N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kouame%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mahy%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22F.%20Maiato%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gon%5Cu00e7alves%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22I.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McNicol%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20Nieto%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Quintano%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Plumptre%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pritchard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Revermann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schmitt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Swemmer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Talila%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Woollen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Swaine%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20idea%20that%20tropical%20forest%20and%20savanna%20are%20alternative%20states%20is%20crucial%20to%20how%20we%20manage%20these%20biomes%20and%20predict%20their%20future%20under%20global%20change.%20Large-scale%20empirical%20evidence%20for%20alternative%20stable%20states%20is%20limited%2C%20however%2C%20and%20comes%20mostly%20from%20the%20multimodal%20distribution%20of%20structural%20aspects%20of%20vegetation.%20These%20approaches%20have%20been%20criticized%2C%20as%20structure%20alone%20cannot%20separate%20out%20wetter%20savannas%20from%20drier%20forests%20for%20example%2C%20and%20there%20are%20also%20technical%20challenges%20to%20mapping%20vegetation%20structure%20in%20unbiased%20ways.%20Here%2C%20we%20develop%20an%20alternative%20approach%20to%20delimit%20the%20climatic%20envelope%20of%20the%20two%20biomes%20in%20Africa%20using%20tree%20species%20lists%20gathered%20for%20a%20large%20number%20of%20forest%20and%20savanna%20sites%20distributed%20across%20the%20continent.%20Our%20analyses%20confirm%20extensive%20climatic%20overlap%20of%20forest%20and%20savanna%2C%20supporting%20the%20alternative%20stable%20states%20hypothesis%20for%20Africa%2C%20and%20this%20result%20is%20corroborated%20by%20paleoecological%20evidence.%20Further%2C%20we%20find%20the%20two%20biomes%20to%20have%20highly%20divergent%20tree%20species%20compositions%20and%20to%20represent%20alternative%20compositional%20states.%20This%20allowed%20us%20to%20classify%20tree%20species%20as%20forest%20vs.%20savanna%20specialists%2C%20with%20some%20generalist%20species%20that%20span%20both%20biomes.%20In%20conjunction%20with%20georeferenced%20herbarium%20records%2C%20we%20mapped%20the%20forest%20and%20savanna%20distributions%20across%20Africa%20and%20quantified%20their%20environmental%20limits%2C%20which%20are%20primarily%20related%20to%20precipitation%20and%20seasonality%2C%20with%20a%20secondary%20contribution%20of%20fire.%20These%20results%20are%20important%20for%20the%20ongoing%20efforts%20to%20restore%20African%20ecosystems%2C%20which%20depend%20on%20accurate%20biome%20maps%20to%20set%20appropriate%20targets%20for%20the%20restored%20states%20but%20also%20provide%20empirical%20evidence%20for%20broad-scale%20bistability.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020-11-10%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1073%5C%2Fpnas.2011515117%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.pnas.org%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Ffull%5C%2F10.1073%5C%2Fpnas.2011515117%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-01-09T11%3A46%3A26Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22A97AXVX6%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Arena%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020-06-04%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EArena%2C%20G.%2C%20Dean%2C%20W.%20R.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Milton%2C%20S.%20J.%20%282020%29.%20Ant%20Communities%20in%20Two%20Habitats%20in%20Succulent%20Karoo%20Shrubland.%20%3Ci%3EAfrican%20Entomology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E28%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%20202.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.4001%5C%2F003.028.0202%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.4001%5C%2F003.028.0202%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DA97AXVX6%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Ant%20Communities%20in%20Two%20Habitats%20in%20Succulent%20Karoo%20Shrubland%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Arena%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.R.J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dean%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Milton%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020-6-4%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.4001%5C%2F003.028.0202%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221021-3589%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fbioone.org%5C%2Fjournals%5C%2Fafrican-entomology%5C%2Fvolume-28%5C%2Fissue-1%5C%2F003.028.0202%5C%2FAnt-Communities-in-Two-Habitats-in-Succulent-Karoo-Shrubland%5C%2F10.4001%5C%2F003.028.0202.full%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22CM9YQJBN%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-15T08%3A05%3A42Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22APT4K3S7%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bell%5Cu00f3n%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBell%26%23xF3%3Bn%2C%20B.%2C%20Blanco%2C%20J.%2C%20Vos%2C%20A.%20D.%2C%20Roque%2C%20F.%20de%20O.%2C%20Pays%2C%20O.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Renaud%2C%20P.%20C.%20%282020%29.%20%3Ci%3EIntegrated%20Landscape%20change%20analysis%20of%20protected%20areas%20and%20their%20surrounding%20landscapes%3A%20Application%20in%20the%20Brazilian%20cerrado%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%28Vol.%2012%29.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DAPT4K3S7%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Integrated%20Landscape%20change%20analysis%20of%20protected%20areas%20and%20their%20surrounding%20landscapes%3A%20Application%20in%20the%20Brazilian%20cerrado%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Beatriz%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bell%5Cu00f3n%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Julien%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Blanco%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alta%20De%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vos%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fabio%20de%20O.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roque%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Olivier%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pays%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pierre%20Cyril%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Renaud%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Remote%20sensing%20tools%20have%20been%20long%20used%20to%20monitor%20landscape%20dynamics%20inside%20and%20around%20protected%20areas.%20Hereto%2C%20scientists%20have%20largely%20relied%20on%20land%20use%20and%20land%20cover%20%28LULC%29%20data%20to%20derive%20indicators%20for%20monitoring%20these%20dynamics%2C%20but%20these%20metrics%20do%20not%20capture%20changes%20in%20the%20state%20of%20vegetation%20surfaces%20that%20may%20compromise%20the%20ecological%20integrity%20of%20conservation%20areas%27%20landscapes.%20Here%2C%20we%20introduce%20a%20methodology%20that%20combines%20LULC%20change%20estimates%20with%20three%20Normalized%20Difference%20Vegetation%20Index-based%20proxy%20indicators%20of%20vegetation%20productivity%2C%20phenology%2C%20and%20structural%20change.%20We%20illustrate%20the%20utility%20of%20this%20methodology%20through%20a%20regional%20and%20local%20analysis%20of%20the%20landscape%20dynamics%20in%20the%20Cerrado%20Biome%20in%20Brazil%20in%202001%20and%202016.%20Despite%20relatively%20little%20natural%20vegetation%20loss%20inside%20core%20protected%20areas%20and%20their%20legal%20buffer%20zones%2C%20the%20different%20indicators%20revealed%20significant%20LULC%20conversions%20from%20natural%20vegetation%20to%20farming%20land%2C%20general%20productivity%20loss%2C%20homogenization%20of%20natural%20forests%2C%20significant%20agricultural%20expansion%2C%20and%20a%20general%20increase%20in%20productivity.%20These%20results%20suggest%20an%20overall%20degradation%20of%20habitats%20and%20intensification%20of%20land%20use%20in%20the%20studied%20conservation%20area%20network%2C%20highlighting%20serious%20conservation%20inefficiencies%20in%20this%20region%20and%20stressing%20the%20importance%20of%20integrated%20landscape%20change%20analyses%20to%20provide%20complementary%20indicators%20of%20ecologically-relevant%20dynamics%20in%20these%20key%20conservation%20areas.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%223-378-24503-4%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A53%3A17Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22S3MMUGJA%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bentley%20and%20Coomes%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBentley%2C%20L.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Coomes%2C%20D.%20A.%20%282020%29.%20Partial%20river%20flow%20recovery%20with%20forest%20age%20is%20rare%20in%20the%20decades%20following%20establishment.%20%3Ci%3EGlobal%20Change%20Biology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E26%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%201458%26%23×2013%3B1473.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fgcb.14954%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fgcb.14954%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DS3MMUGJA%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Partial%20river%20flow%20recovery%20with%20forest%20age%20is%20rare%20in%20the%20decades%20following%20establishment%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Laura%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bentley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Coomes%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Forest%20regeneration%20and%20expansion%20are%20occurring%20in%20many%20countries%2C%20with%2080%20million%20ha%20established%20from%202000%20to%202012%20under%20the%20Bonn%20accord%20and%2017.5%20million%20ha%20established%20from%201990%20to%202005%20according%20to%20the%20Food%20and%20Agriculture%20Organisation.%20Multiple%20reviews%20have%20linked%20increasing%20forest%20cover%20with%20reduced%20river%20flow%20and%20potentially%20detrimental%20effects%20downstream.%20Previous%20reviews%20have%20investigated%20trends%20in%20river%20flow%20response%20over%20time%2C%20but%20the%20influence%20of%20forest%20age%20remains%20uncertain.%20Partial%20river%20flow%20recovery%20%28towards%20non-forested%20conditions%29%20has%20been%20reported%20in%20decades%20following%20forest%20establishment%2C%20but%20the%20role%20of%20climate%20in%20driving%20these%20trends%20has%20not%20been%20explored.%20Here%2C%20we%20evaluate%20river%20flow%20trends%20in%2043%20studies%20following%20forest%20establishment%2C%20which%20provide%20sufficient%20information%20to%20distinguish%20the%20effects%20of%20ageing%20forests%20from%20variable%20climate.%20Our%20meta-analysis%20supports%20previous%20findings%20showing%20that%20forestation%20reduces%20annual%20river%20flow%20%28by%2023%25%20after%205%20years%20and%2038%25%20after%2025%20years%29%20with%20greater%20reductions%20in%20catchments%20with%20higher%20mean%20annual%20precipitation%2C%20larger%20increases%20in%20forest%20cover%2C%20and%20which%20were%20idle%2C%20rather%20than%20agricultural%20land%2C%20prior%20to%20forestation.%20The%20impact%20of%20forests%20on%20river%20flow%20is%20sensitive%20to%20annual%20precipitation%20and%20potential%20evapotranspiration%2C%20but%20responses%20are%20highly%20variable.%20Forests%20affect%20river%20flow%20less%20when%20annual%20precipitation%20is%20low%2C%20and%20sensitivity%20to%20precipitation%20decreases%20as%20catchment%20aridity%20increases.%20The%20majority%20of%20catchments%20demonstrated%20persistent%20river%20flow%20declines%20after%20forest%20establishment.%20However%2C%20nine%20catchments%20showed%20partial%20flow%20recovery%20after%20an%20initial%20decrease%2C%20with%20peak%20flow%20reductions%20at%20an%20average%20age%20of%2015%20and%20across%20a%20range%20of%20tree%20species.%20The%20mean%20rate%20of%20recovery%20was%2034%20mm%5C%2Fyear%20over%205%20years.%20Partial%20flow%20recovery%20with%20forest%20age%20cannot%20be%20commonly%20expected%2C%20however%2C%20and%20forestation%20programmes%20should%20take%20into%20account%20that%20changes%20to%20annual%20river%20flow%20are%20likely%20to%20persist%20for%20up%20to%20five%20decades.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fgcb.14954%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2213652486%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A10%3A42Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%223XYENEW7%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bernardino%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020-07%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBernardino%2C%20P.%20N.%2C%20Brandt%2C%20M.%2C%20De%20Keersmaecker%2C%20W.%2C%20Horion%2C%20S.%2C%20Fensholt%2C%20R.%2C%20Storms%2C%20I.%2C%20Wigneron%2C%20J.%20P.%2C%20Verbesselt%2C%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Somers%2C%20B.%20%282020%29.%20Uncovering%20dryland%20woody%20dynamics%20using%20optical%2C%20microwave%2C%20and%20field%20data-prolonged%20above-average%20rainfall%20paradoxically%20contributes%20to%20woody%20plant%20die-off%20in%20the%20Western%20Sahel.%20%3Ci%3ERemote%20Sensing%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E12%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2814%29.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3390%5C%2Frs12142332%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3390%5C%2Frs12142332%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D3XYENEW7%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Uncovering%20dryland%20woody%20dynamics%20using%20optical%2C%20microwave%2C%20and%20field%20data-prolonged%20above-average%20rainfall%20paradoxically%20contributes%20to%20woody%20plant%20die-off%20in%20the%20Western%20Sahel%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paulo%20N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bernardino%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Brandt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wanda%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22De%20Keersmaecker%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22St%5Cu00e9phanie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Horion%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rasmus%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fensholt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ili%5Cu00e9%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Storms%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean%20Pierre%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wigneron%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Verbesselt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ben%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Somers%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Dryland%20ecosystems%20are%20frequently%20struck%20by%20droughts.%20Yet%2C%20woody%20vegetation%20is%20often%20able%20to%20recover%20from%20mortality%20events%20once%20precipitation%20returns%20to%20pre-drought%20conditions.%20Climate%20change%2C%20however%2C%20may%20impact%20woody%20vegetation%20resilience%20due%20to%20more%20extreme%20and%20frequent%20droughts.%20Thus%2C%20better%20understanding%20how%20woody%20vegetation%20responds%20to%20drought%20events%20is%20essential.%20We%20used%20a%20phenology-based%20remote%20sensing%20approach%20coupled%20with%20field%20data%20to%20estimate%20the%20severity%20and%20recovery%20rates%20of%20a%20large%20scale%20die-off%20event%20that%20occurred%20in%202014-2015%20in%20Senegal.%20Novel%20low%20%28L-band%29%20and%20high-frequency%20%28Ku-band%29%20passive%20microwave%20vegetation%20optical%20depth%20%28VOD%29%2C%20and%20optical%20MODIS%20data%2C%20were%20used%20to%20estimate%20woody%20vegetation%20dynamics.%20The%20relative%20importance%20of%20soil%2C%20human-pressure%2C%20and%20before-drought%20vegetation%20dynamics%20influencing%20the%20woody%20vegetation%20response%20to%20the%20drought%20were%20assessed.%20The%20die-off%20in%202014-2015%20represented%20the%20highest%20dry%20season%20VOD%20drop%20for%20the%20studied%20period%20%281989-2017%29%2C%20even%20though%20the%202014%20drought%20was%20not%20as%20severe%20as%20the%20droughts%20in%20the%201980s%20and%201990s.%20The%20spatially%20explicit%20Die-off%20Severity%20Index%20derived%20in%20this%20study%2C%20at%20500%20m%20resolution%2C%20highlights%20woody%20plants%20mortality%20in%20the%20study%20area.%20Soil%20physical%20characteristics%20highly%20affected%20die-off%20severity%20and%20post-disturbance%20recovery%2C%20but%20pre-drought%20biomass%20accumulation%20%28i.e.%2C%20in%20areas%20that%20benefited%20from%20above-normal%20rainfall%20conditions%20before%20the%202014%20drought%29%20was%20the%20most%20important%20variable%20in%20explaining%20die-off%20severity.%20This%20study%20provides%20new%20evidence%20supporting%20a%20better%20understanding%20of%20the%20%5C%22greening%20Sahel%5C%22%2C%20suggesting%20that%20a%20sudden%20increase%20in%20woody%20vegetation%20biomass%20does%20not%20necessarily%20imply%20a%20stable%20ecosystem%20recovery%20from%20the%20droughts%20in%20the%201980s.%20Instead%2C%20prolonged%20above-normal%20rainfall%20conditions%20prior%20to%20a%20drought%20may%20result%20in%20the%20accumulation%20of%20woody%20biomass%2C%20creating%20the%20basis%20for%20potentially%20large-scale%20woody%20vegetation%20die-off%20events%20due%20to%20even%20moderate%20dry%20spells.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020-07%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.3390%5C%2Frs12142332%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2220724292%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A02%3A02Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22MIQV23NT%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bester%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBester%2C%20R.%2C%20Blignaut%2C%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20van%20Niekerk%2C%20P.%20%282020%29.%20The%20cost-effectiveness%20of%20water%20augmentation%20and%20management%3A%20Assessing%20the%20unit%20reference%20value.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20the%20South%20African%20Institution%20of%20Civil%20Engineering%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E62%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%2039%26%23×2013%3B44.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.17159%5C%2F2309-8775%5C%2F2020%5C%2FV62N2A5%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.17159%5C%2F2309-8775%5C%2F2020%5C%2FV62N2A5%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DMIQV23NT%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20cost-effectiveness%20of%20water%20augmentation%20and%20management%3A%20Assessing%20the%20unit%20reference%20value%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rozanne%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bester%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22James%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Blignaut%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22van%20Niekerk%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22As%20societies%20develop%2C%20the%20problem%20of%20securing%20and%20mobilising%20adequate%20water%20resources%20to%20support%20and%20sustain%20economic%20and%20social%20activities%20increases%20in%20complexity.%20As%20a%20cost-effectiveness%20measure%20the%20use%20of%20the%20Unit%20Reference%20Value%20%28URV%29%20has%20become%20standard%20practice%20in%20South%20African%20water%20resource%20management%20and%20development.%20It%20is%20informative%20and%20easy%20to%20understand.%20These%20two%20attributes%20inspire%20confidence%20and%20an%20ever-greater%20uptake%20of%20its%20use%20in%20evaluating%20suggested%20courses%20of%20action%20to%20be%20taken%20by%20society%20in%20ensuring%20their%20future.%20Deviations%20in%20how%20an%20URV%20is%20calculated%20emerge%20due%20to%20both%20the%20diversification%20of%20its%20user%20base%20and%20the%20dynamic%20nature%20of%20the%20contexts%20in%20which%20it%20is%20applied.%20Such%20developments%20add%20to%20the%20pluralistic%20framings%20within%20which%20research%20and%20decision-makers%20operate.%20We%20provide%20three%20sub-types%20of%20URV%20application%2C%20and%20caution%20against%20comparing%20URVs%20across%20categories.%20To%20mitigate%20possible%20confusion%2C%20we%20propose%20the%20development%20of%20standards%5C%2Frules%20for%20the%20interpretation%20of%20URVs.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.17159%5C%2F2309-8775%5C%2F2020%5C%2FV62N2A5%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2223098775%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A12%3A00Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%222URBTACH%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Botha%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBotha%2C%20M.%20%282020%29.%20%3Ci%3EWhat%20drives%20grassland-forest%20boundaries%26%23x202F%3B%3F%20Assessing%20fire%20and%20frost%20effects%20on%20tree%20seedling%20survival%20and%20architecture%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ci%3EDecember%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fece3.6730%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fece3.6730%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D2URBTACH%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22What%20drives%20grassland-forest%20boundaries%20%3F%20Assessing%20fire%20and%20frost%20effects%20on%20tree%20seedling%20survival%20and%20architecture%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Monique%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Botha%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2Fece3.6730%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A01%3A33Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%226K4E77JA%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Burkepile%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBurkepile%2C%20D.%20E.%2C%20Schmitt%2C%20M.%20H.%2C%20Stears%2C%20K.%2C%20Donovan%2C%20M.%20K.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Thompson%2C%20D.%20I.%20%282020%29.%20Shared%20Insights%20across%20the%20Ecology%20of%20Coral%20Reefs%20and%20African%20Savannas%3A%20Are%20Parrotfish%20Wet%20Wildebeest%3F%20%3Ci%3EBioScience%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E70%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%288%29%2C%20647%26%23×2013%3B658.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2Fdoi.10.1093%5C%2Fbiosci%5C%2Fbiaa063%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2Fdoi.10.1093%5C%2Fbiosci%5C%2Fbiaa063%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D6K4E77JA%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Shared%20Insights%20across%20the%20Ecology%20of%20Coral%20Reefs%20and%20African%20Savannas%3A%20Are%20Parrotfish%20Wet%20Wildebeest%3F%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Deron%20E%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Burkepile%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Melissa%20H%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schmitt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Keenan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stears%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mary%20K%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Donovan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dave%20I%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thompson%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22doi.10.1093%5C%2Fbiosci%5C%2Fbiaa063%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%228VPML3VD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-12-21T09%3A23%3A45Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22WH4TD2EG%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Burkepile%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBurkepile%2C%20D.%20E.%2C%20Schmitt%2C%20M.%20H.%2C%20Stears%2C%20K.%2C%20Donovan%2C%20M.%20K.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Thompson%2C%20D.%20I.%20%282020%29.%20Shared%20Insights%20across%20the%20Ecology%20of%20Coral%20Reefs%20and%20African%20Savannas%3A%20Are%20Parrotfish%20Wet%20Wildebeest%3F%20%3Ci%3EBioScience%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E70%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%288%29%2C%20647%26%23×2013%3B658.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1093%5C%2Fbiosci%5C%2Fbiaa063%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1093%5C%2Fbiosci%5C%2Fbiaa063%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DWH4TD2EG%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Shared%20Insights%20across%20the%20Ecology%20of%20Coral%20Reefs%20and%20African%20Savannas%3A%20Are%20Parrotfish%20Wet%20Wildebeest%3F%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Deron%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Burkepile%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Melissa%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schmitt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Keenan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stears%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mary%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Donovan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dave%20I.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thompson%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Comparison%20across%20terrestrial%20and%20aquatic%20ecosystems%20facilitates%20a%20broader%20understanding%20of%20ecological%20patterns.%20Although%20meta-analyses%20are%20important%20for%20quantitative%20synthesis%20across%20ecosystems%2C%20detailed%20comparisons%20of%20natural%20history%20and%20species%20interactions%20also%20illuminate%20convergence%20among%20systems.%20We%20compare%20the%20ecology%20of%20superficially%20dissimilar%20African%20savannas%20and%20coral%20reefs%20via%20shared%20characteristics%20including%3A%20%281%29%20hyperdiverse%20guilds%20of%20large%20vertebrate%20herbivores%20and%20predators%2C%20%282%29%20similar%20mechanisms%20driving%20positive%20feedback%20loops%20between%20herbivory%20and%20primary%20production%2C%20%283%29%20similar%20roles%20of%20disturbance%20and%20herbivory%20in%20mediating%20ecosystem%20state%2C%20and%20%284%29%20numerous%20smaller%20vertebrate%20and%20invertebrate%20species%20that%20underpin%20diversity%20and%20ecosystem%20processes.%20Our%20goal%20in%20comparing%20the%20natural%20history%20and%20ecology%20of%20these%20ecosystems%20is%20to%20facilitate%20others%20in%20finding%20their%20own%20comparative%20systems.%20We%20encourage%20scientists%2C%20especially%20early-career%20scientists%2C%20to%20explore%20ecosystems%20other%20than%20their%20primary%20focus.%20Whatever%20your%20ecosystem%20of%20study%2C%20examining%20the%20ecology%20of%20its%20analog%20in%20another%20environment%20may%20enliven%20your%20career.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1093%5C%2Fbiosci%5C%2Fbiaa063%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2215253244%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A07%3A16Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22QTZ5UQYV%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Case%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECase%2C%20M.%20F.%2C%20Wigley%2C%20B.%20J.%2C%20Wigley-Coetsee%2C%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Carla%20Staver%2C%20A.%20%282020%29.%20Could%20drought%20constrain%20woody%20encroachers%20in%20savannas%3F%20%3Ci%3EAfrican%20Journal%20of%20Range%20and%20Forage%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E37%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%2019%26%23×2013%3B29.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F10220119.2019.1697363%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F10220119.2019.1697363%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DQTZ5UQYV%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Could%20drought%20constrain%20woody%20encroachers%20in%20savannas%3F%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Madelon%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Case%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Benjamin%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wigley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Corli%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wigley-Coetsee%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Carla%20Staver%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Droughts%20are%20expected%20to%20become%20more%20frequent%20and%20severe%2C%20due%20to%20climate%20change%2C%20with%20uncertain%20consequences%20for%20savanna%20vegetation.%20Drought-driven%20tree%20mortality%20has%20been%20observed%20in%20some%20savannas%2C%20but%20little%20is%20known%20about%20how%20tolerant%20savanna%20trees%20are%20to%20drought%2C%20or%20what%20determines%20differences%20among%20species%20in%20drought%20vulnerability.%20Here%2C%20we%20examine%20which%20characteristics%20best%20distinguished%20tree%20species%20that%20were%20most%20negatively%20affected%20by%20a%20recent%20drought%20in%20Kruger%20National%20Park%2C%20South%20Africa.%20Woody-encroaching%2C%20root-suckering%20species%2C%20which%20tended%20to%20have%20relatively%20low%20investments%20in%20non-structural%20carbohydrates%2C%20had%20the%20highest%20mortality%20rates.%20Of%20particular%20interest%20was%20Dichrostachys%20cinerea%2C%20a%20notable%20contributor%20to%20widespread%20woody%20encroachment%20across%20southern%20African%20savannas%2C%20which%20suffered%20high%20drought%20mortality.%20Using%20rainfall%20maps%20and%20vegetation%20survey%20data%2C%20we%20show%20that%20D.%20cinerea%20distributions%20in%20Kruger%20National%20Park%20are%20limited%20to%20areas%20with%20higher%20mean%20annual%20rainfall%20and%20lower%20past%20drought%20frequency%2C%20and%20stem%20densities%20are%20lower%20where%20droughts%20have%20occurred%20more%20frequently%2C%20suggesting%20that%20past%20droughts%20have%20had%20lasting%20impacts%20on%20the%20distribution%20and%20abundance%20of%20this%20species.%20Woody%20encroachers%2C%20such%20as%20D.%20cinerea%2C%20may%20face%20a%20trade%20off%20between%20traits%20promoting%20proliferation%20vs.%20drought%20tolerance%2C%20and%20more%20frequent%20and%20severe%20droughts%20could%20increasingly%20limit%20their%20spread.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.2989%5C%2F10220119.2019.1697363%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2217279380%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A02%3A22Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22CMVAH9T7%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ceballos%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECeballos%2C%20G.%2C%20Ehrlich%2C%20P.%20R.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Raven%2C%20P.%20H.%20%282020%29.%20Vertebrates%20on%20the%20brink%20as%20indicators%20of%20biological%20annihilation%20and%20the%20sixth%20mass%20extinction.%20%3Ci%3EProceedings%20of%20the%20National%20Academy%20of%20Sciences%20of%20the%20United%20States%20of%20America%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E117%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2824%29%2C%2013596%26%23×2013%3B13602.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1073%5C%2Fpnas.1922686117%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1073%5C%2Fpnas.1922686117%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DCMVAH9T7%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Vertebrates%20on%20the%20brink%20as%20indicators%20of%20biological%20annihilation%20and%20the%20sixth%20mass%20extinction%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gerardo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ceballos%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paul%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ehrlich%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Raven%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20ongoing%20sixth%20mass%20species%20extinction%20is%20the%20result%20of%20the%20destruction%20of%20component%20populations%20leading%20to%20eventual%20extirpation%20of%20entire%20species.%20Populations%20and%20species%20extinctions%20have%20severe%20implications%20for%20society%20through%20the%20degradation%20of%20ecosystem%20services.%20Here%20we%20assess%20the%20extinction%20crisis%20from%20a%20different%20perspective.%20We%20examine%2029%2C400%20species%20of%20terrestrial%20vertebrates%2C%20and%20determine%20which%20are%20on%20the%20brink%20of%20extinction%20because%20they%20have%20fewer%20than%201%2C000%20individuals.%20There%20are%20515%20species%20on%20the%20brink%20%281.7%25%20of%20the%20evaluated%20vertebrates%29.%20Around%2094%25%20of%20the%20populations%20of%2077mammal%20and%20bird%20species%20on%20the%20brink%20have%20been%20lost%20in%20the%20last%20century.%20Assuming%20all%20species%20on%20the%20brink%20have%20similar%20trends%2C%20more%20than%20237%2C000%20populations%20of%20those%20species%20have%20vanished%20since%201900.%20We%20conclude%20the%20human-caused%20sixth%20mass%20extinction%20is%20likely%20accelerating%20for%20several%20reasons.%20First%2C%20many%20of%20the%20species%20that%20have%20been%20driven%20to%20the%20brink%20will%20likely%20become%20extinct%20soon.%20Second%2C%20the%20distribution%20of%20those%20species%20highly%20coincides%20with%20hundreds%20of%20other%20endangered%20species%2C%20surviving%20in%20regions%20with%20high%20human%20impacts%2C%20suggesting%20ongoing%20regional%20biodiversity%20collapses.%20Third%2C%20close%20ecological%20interactions%20of%20species%20on%20the%20brink%20tend%20to%20move%20other%20species%20toward%20annihilation%20when%20they%20disappear-extinction%20breeds%20extinctions.%20Finally%2C%20human%20pressures%20on%20the%20biosphere%20are%20growing%20rapidly%2C%20and%20a%20recent%20example%20is%20the%20current%20coronavirus%20disease%202019%20%28Covid-19%29%20pandemic%2C%20linked%20to%20wildlife%20trade.%20Our%20results%20reemphasize%20the%20extreme%20urgency%20of%20taking%20much-expanded%20worldwide%20actions%20to%20save%20wild%20species%20and%20humanity%27s%20crucial%20life-support%20systems%20from%20this%20existential%20threat.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1073%5C%2Fpnas.1922686117%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2210916490%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A56%3A49Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22BNY83EK7%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Chaudhary%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EChaudhary%2C%20V.%20B.%2C%20Akland%2C%20K.%2C%20Johnson%2C%20N.%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Bowker%2C%20M.%20A.%20%282020%29.%20Do%20soil%20inoculants%20accelerate%20dryland%20restoration%3F%20A%20simultaneous%20assessment%20of%20biocrusts%20and%20mycorrhizal%20fungi.%20%3Ci%3ERestoration%20Ecology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20rec.13088.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Frec.13088%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Frec.13088%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DBNY83EK7%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Do%20soil%20inoculants%20accelerate%20dryland%20restoration%3F%20A%20simultaneous%20assessment%20of%20biocrusts%20and%20mycorrhizal%20fungi%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22V.%20Bala%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chaudhary%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kristine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Akland%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nancy%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Johnson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Matthew%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bowker%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020-01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Frec.13088%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221061-2971%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Frec.13088%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A13%3A35Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22Z7638XBZ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Connell%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020-08%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EConnell%2C%20R.%20K.%2C%20Nippert%2C%20J.%20B.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Blair%2C%20J.%20M.%20%282020%29.%20Three%20Decades%20of%20Divergent%20Land%20Use%20and%20Plant%20Community%20Change%20Alters%20Soil%20C%20and%20N%20Content%20in%20Tallgrass%20Prairie.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Biogeosciences%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E125%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%288%29.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2020JG005723%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2020JG005723%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DZ7638XBZ%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Three%20Decades%20of%20Divergent%20Land%20Use%20and%20Plant%20Community%20Change%20Alters%20Soil%20C%20and%20N%20Content%20in%20Tallgrass%20Prairie%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20Kent%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Connell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jesse%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nippert%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Blair%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Frequent%20fire%20and%20grazing%20by%20megafauna%20are%20important%20determinants%20of%20tallgrass%20prairie%20plant%20community%20structure.%20However%2C%20fire%20suppression%20and%20removal%20of%20native%20grazers%20have%20altered%20these%20natural%20disturbance%20regimes%20and%20changed%20grassland%20plant%20communities%20with%20potential%20long-term%20consequences%20for%20soil%20carbon%20%28C%29%20and%20nitrogen%20%28N%29%20storage.%20We%20investigated%20multidecade%20changes%20in%20soil%20C%20and%20N%20pools%20in%20response%20to%20contrasting%20long-term%20burning%20and%20grazing%20treatments.%20Fire%20suppression%20with%20or%20without%20grazers%20and%20exclusion%20of%20grazers%20in%20annually%20burned%20prairie%20increased%20soil%20C%20content%20and%20shifted%20the%20%5Cu03b413C%20signature%20of%20soil%20C%20over%20time%2C%20concomitant%20with%20changes%20in%20plant%20community%20composition.%20Soil%20%5Cu03b413C%20values%20indicated%20that%20increased%20soil%20C%20content%20was%20associated%20with%20an%20increased%20contribution%20from%20plants%20using%20a%20C3%20photosynthetic%20pathway%20%28i.e.%2C%20woody%20shrubs%29%20under%20fire%20suppression.%20Soil%20N%20content%20also%20increased%20when%20fire%20was%20suppressed%2C%20relative%20to%20frequently%20burned%20grassland%2C%20but%20the%20rate%20of%20increase%20was%20slower%20when%20grazers%20were%20present.%20Additionally%2C%20changes%20in%20%5Cu03b415N%20values%20suggested%20that%20grazing%20increased%20the%20openness%20of%20the%20N%20cycle%2C%20presumably%20due%20to%20greater%20N%20losses.%20By%20coupling%20long-term%20fire%20and%20grazing%20treatments%20with%20plant%20community%20data%20and%20soil%20samples%20archived%20over%20three%20decades%2C%20we%20demonstrate%20that%20human-caused%20changes%20to%20natural%20disturbance%20regimes%20in%20a%20tallgrass%20prairie%20significantly%20alter%20soil%20C%20and%20N%20cycles%20through%20belowground%20changes%20associated%20with%20shifts%20in%20the%20plant%20community.%20Since%20natural%20disturbance%20regimes%20have%20been%20altered%20in%20grasslands%20across%20the%20world%2C%20our%20results%20are%20relevant%20for%20understanding%20the%20long-term%20biogeochemical%20consequences%20of%20these%20ongoing%20land%20use%20changes.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020-08%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2020JG005723%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2221698961%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A02%3A04Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22D6U3I8BK%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Conradi%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020-09%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EConradi%2C%20T.%2C%20Slingsby%2C%20J.%20A.%2C%20Midgley%2C%20G.%20F.%2C%20Nottebrock%2C%20H.%2C%20Schweiger%2C%20A.%20H.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Higgins%2C%20S.%20I.%20%282020%29.%20An%20operational%20definition%20of%20the%20biome%20for%20global%20change%20research.%20%3Ci%3ENew%20Phytol.%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E227%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%285%29%2C%201294%26%23×2013%3B1306.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fnph.16580%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fnph.16580%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DD6U3I8BK%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22An%20operational%20definition%20of%20the%20biome%20for%20global%20change%20research%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Timo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Conradi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jasper%20A%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Slingsby%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Guy%20F%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Midgley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Henning%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nottebrock%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andreas%20H%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schweiger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Steven%20I%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Higgins%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Biomes%20are%20constructs%20for%20organising%20knowledge%20on%20the%20structure%20and%5Cnfunctioning%20of%20the%20world%27s%20ecosystems%2C%20and%20serve%20as%20useful%20units%20for%5Cnmonitoring%20how%20the%20biosphere%20responds%20to%20anthropogenic%20drivers%2C%20including%5Cnclimate%20change.%20The%20current%20practice%20of%20delimiting%20biomes%20relies%20on%20expert%5Cnknowledge.%20Recent%20studies%20have%20questioned%20the%20value%20of%20such%20biome%20maps%20for%5Cncomparative%20ecology%20and%20global-change%20research%2C%20partly%20due%20to%20their%5Cnsubjective%20origin.%20Here%20we%20propose%20a%20flexible%20method%20for%20developing%20biome%5Cnmaps%20objectively.%20The%20method%20uses%20range%20modelling%20of%20several%20thousands%20of%5Cnplant%20species%20to%20reveal%20spatial%20attractors%20for%20different%20growth-form%5Cnassemblages%20that%20define%20biomes.%20The%20workflow%20is%20illustrated%20using%5Cndistribution%20data%20from%2023%20500%20African%20plant%20species.%20In%20an%20example%5Cnapplication%2C%20we%20create%20a%20biome%20map%20for%20Africa%20and%20use%20the%20fitted%20species%5Cnmodels%20to%20project%20biome%20shifts.%20In%20a%20second%20example%2C%20we%20map%20gradients%20of%5Cngrowth-form%20suitability%20that%20can%20be%20used%20to%20identify%20sites%20for%20comparative%5Cnecology.%20This%20method%20provides%20a%20flexible%20framework%20that%20%281%29%20allows%20a%20range%5Cnof%20biome%20types%20to%20be%20defined%20according%20to%20user%20needs%20and%20%282%29%20enables%5Cnprojections%20of%20biome%20changes%20that%20emerge%20purely%20from%20the%20individualistic%5Cnresponses%20of%20plant%20species%20to%20environmental%20changes.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22September%202020%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fnph.16580%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220028-646X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fnph.16580%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22UUZBHCVC%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-10-22T11%3A16%3A30Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22DKZVZNY3%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Coppin%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECoppin%2C%20R.%2C%20Rautenbach%2C%20C.%2C%20Ponton%2C%20T.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Smit%2C%20A.%20J.%20%282020%29.%20Investigating%20Waves%20and%20Temperature%20as%20Drivers%20of%20Kelp%20Morphology.%20%3Ci%3EFrontiers%20in%20Marine%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E7%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.frontiersin.org%5C%2Farticles%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Ffmars.2020.00567%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.frontiersin.org%5C%2Farticles%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Ffmars.2020.00567%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DDKZVZNY3%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Investigating%20Waves%20and%20Temperature%20as%20Drivers%20of%20Kelp%20Morphology%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ross%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Coppin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rautenbach%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Timothy%20John%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ponton%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Smit%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Macroalgal%20morphological%20variation%20is%20determined%20to%20a%20large%20extent%20by%20a%20combination%20of%20environmental%20factors%2C%20with%20wave%20exposure%20and%20temperature%20perhaps%20the%20main%20influences%2C%20as%20they%20are%20key%20environmental%20properties%20to%20which%20a%20species%20becomes%20locally%20adapted.%20Macroalgae%20have%20shown%20to%20exhibit%20different%20responses%20to%20different%20magnitudes%20of%20exposure%20to%20waves%2C%20such%20as%20reduction%20in%20overall%20size%20and%20strength%20increasing%20traits.%20In%20terms%20of%20temperature%2C%20warmer%20environments%20have%20been%20shown%20to%20reduce%20the%20overall%20size%20of%20resident%20and%20transplanted%20species.%20However%2C%20none%20of%20the%20past%20studies%20have%20identified%20specific%20wave%20and%20temperature%20metrics%20responsible%20for%20the%20morphological%20adaptation%20macroalgae%20exhibit.%20Past%20research%20has%20often%20used%20simple%20or%20two-dimensional%20models%20of%20wave%20exposure%2C%20which%20do%20not%20take%20into%20account%20important%20aspects%20of%20the%20nearshore%20environment%20such%20as%20wave%20breaking%2C%20refraction%20and%20diffraction.%20Furthermore%2C%20past%20studies%20have%20often%20used%20satellite-derived%20datasets%20as%20sources%20for%20temperature%20data%2C%20however%2C%20such%20data%20have%20been%20shown%20to%20have%20large%20bias%20when%20applied%20to%20the%20nearshore%20environment.%20This%20study%20used%20in%20situ%20temperature%20data%20and%20wave%20power%20metrics%20calculated%20from%20a%203D-numerical%20model%20to%20identify%20specific%20temperature%20and%20wave%20metrics%20responsible%20for%20morphological%20adaptation%20of%20the%20kelp%2C%20Ecklonia%20maxima%20and%20Laminaria%20pallida.%20Between%20temperature%20and%20wave%20exposure%2C%20the%20results%20identify%20wave%20exposure%20as%20the%20main%20influencer%20of%20morphological%20adaptation%20while%20identifying%20specific%20wave%20metrics.%20Furthermore%2C%20the%20results%20show%20differences%20in%20wave%20metrics%20between%20species%3B%20and%20between%20deep%20and%20shallow%20populations.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222296-7745%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.frontiersin.org%5C%2Farticles%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Ffmars.2020.00567%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2285DCE2P4%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-26T10%3A35%3A46Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22M4FG5EWZ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Cotiyane-Pondo%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020-09-05%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECotiyane-Pondo%2C%20P.%2C%20Bornman%2C%20T.%20G.%2C%20D%26%23×105%3Bbek%2C%20P.%2C%20Witkowski%2C%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Smit%2C%20A.%20J.%20%282020%29.%20Austral%20winter%20marine%20epilithic%20diatoms%3A%20Community%20composition%20and%20distribution%20on%20intertidal%20rocky%20substrate%20around%20the%20coast%20of%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EEstuarine%2C%20Coastal%20and%20Shelf%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E242%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20106837.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.ecss.2020.106837%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.ecss.2020.106837%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DM4FG5EWZ%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Austral%20winter%20marine%20epilithic%20diatoms%3A%20Community%20composition%20and%20distribution%20on%20intertidal%20rocky%20substrate%20around%20the%20coast%20of%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Phumlile%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cotiyane-Pondo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thomas%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bornman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Przemys%5Cu0142aw%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22D%5Cu0105bek%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrzej%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Witkowski%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Albertus%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Smit%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20knowledge%20on%20the%20composition%20and%20spatial%20distribution%20of%20marine%20benthic%20diatoms%20around%20the%20coast%20of%20South%20Africa%20remains%20limited.%20Epilithic%20diatom%20assemblages%20from%20natural%20intertidal%20rocky%20substrate%20and%20physico-chemical%20variables%20were%20investigated%20during%20July%5Cu2013August%20in%202016%20and%202017%20along%20the%20South%20African%20coastline.%20A%20total%20of%2085%20diatom%20taxa%20from%2031%20genera%20were%20observed%20at%2015%20sites%20along%20the%20coast.%20Taxa%20with%20the%20highest%20contribution%20included%20Nitzschia%20%289%20species%29%2C%20Cocconeis%20%287%20species%29%20and%20Achnanthes%20%286%20species%29%20and%20the%20observed%20Shannon%5Cu2013Wiener%20diversity%20%28H%5Cu2019%29%20during%20the%20study%20varied%20from%200.44%20%28Kraalbaai%29%20to%202.09%20%28Bird%20Island%29.%20Non-metric%20multidimensional%20scaling%20ordination%20%28nMDS%29%20separated%20the%20diatom%20assemblages%20into%20three%20groups%20with%2020%25%20similarity%20among%20sites%20%28grouped%20according%20to%20coastal%20sections%29%20and%20PERMANOVA%20analysis%20revealed%20a%20significant%20difference%20between%20the%20coastal%20sections.%20The%20observed%20diatom%20composition%20was%20shown%20to%20be%20influenced%20by%20both%20nutrient%20concentrations%20along%20the%20west%20coast%20and%20temperature%20along%20the%20east%20coast.%20This%20study%20provides%20insights%20on%20the%20abundance%20and%20distribution%20patterns%20of%20marine%20littoral%20diatoms%20along%20the%20coastline%20and%20the%20potential%20environmental%20drivers.%20The%20observed%20variations%20in%20diatom%20composition%20and%20distribution%20warrant%20further%20investigations%20if%20they%20are%20to%20be%20considered%20as%20potential%20indicator%20species%20of%20change.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020-09-05%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.ecss.2020.106837%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220272-7714%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%5C%2Fscience%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0272771420301591%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2285DCE2P4%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-26T09%3A46%3A48Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%229DY5UPMT%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Crookes%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECrookes%2C%20D.%20J.%2C%20Blignaut%2C%20J.%20N.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Le%20Maitre%2C%20D.%20C.%20%282020%29.%20The%20effect%20of%20accessibility%20and%20value%20addition%20on%20the%20costs%20of%20controlling%20invasive%20alien%20plants%20in%20South%20Africa%3A%20A%20three-species%20system%20dynamics%20model%20in%20the%20fynbos%20and%20grassland%20biomes.%20%3Ci%3ESouthern%20Forests%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E82%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20125%26%23×2013%3B134.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F20702620.2019.1686685%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F20702620.2019.1686685%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D9DY5UPMT%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20effect%20of%20accessibility%20and%20value%20addition%20on%20the%20costs%20of%20controlling%20invasive%20alien%20plants%20in%20South%20Africa%3A%20A%20three-species%20system%20dynamics%20model%20in%20the%20fynbos%20and%20grassland%20biomes%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Douglas%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Crookes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22James%20N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Blignaut%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Le%20Maitre%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22We%20developed%20a%20two-biome%20%28grasslands%20and%20fynbos%29%20system%20dynamics%20model%20simulating%20invasions%20of%20three%20invasive%20alien%20plant%20species%5Cu2013black%20wattle%20%28Acacia%20mearnsii%29%20and%20two%20pine%20species%20%28Pinus%20patula%20and%20Pinus%20pinaster%29%5Cu2013and%20some%20of%20the%20consequences.%20The%20model%20considers%20three%20components%3A%20invasion%20dynamics%3B%20revenue%20from%20the%20sale%20of%20woody%20products%20derived%20from%20clearing%20invasive%20alien%20plants%3B%20and%20a%20coefficient%20that%20models%20the%20effect%20of%20increased%20accessibility%20to%20invaded%20areas.%20The%20model%20shows%20that%20increasing%20the%20returns%20on%20value%20added%20products%20%28VAPs%29%20from%20invasive%20alien%20plants%20%28IAPs%29%20by%20between%2070%25%20and%20130%25%20results%20in%20positive%20nett%20present%20values%20%28NPVs%29%20of%20R2.7%20million%20for%20P.%20patula%2C%20R151.7%20million%20for%20P.%20pinaster%20and%20R115.9%20million%20for%20A.%20mearnsii%20%281996%20base%20year%29.%20At%20the%20same%20time%2C%20the%20invasion%20of%20these%20species%20is%20reduced%20dramatically%20by%202025.%20The%20results%20show%20that%20there%20is%20much%20scope%2C%20and%20indeed%20a%20clear%20requirement%2C%20for%20improved%20returns%20on%20investment%20from%20harvesting%20these%20species%20through%20increasing%20the%20returns%20from%20VAPs.%20However%2C%20accessibility%20to%20invaded%20areas%20would%20need%20to%20be%20increased%20for%20positive%20nett%20gains%20in%20water%20yields%20and%20other%20returns%20to%20be%20maximised.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.2989%5C%2F20702620.2019.1686685%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2220702639%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A01%3A46Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22NSUA83UJ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Currie%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECurrie%2C%20J.%20C.%2C%20Atkinson%2C%20L.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Attwood%2C%20C.%20%282020%29.%20%3Ci%3ELong-Term%20Change%20of%20Demersal%20Fish%20Assemblages%20on%20the%20Inshore%20Agulhas%20Bank%20Between%201904%20and%202015%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DNSUA83UJ%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Long-Term%20Change%20of%20Demersal%20Fish%20Assemblages%20on%20the%20Inshore%20Agulhas%20Bank%20Between%201904%20and%202015%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jock%20C%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Currie%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lara%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Atkinson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22CG%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Attwood%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BGDWYJZJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-12-15T12%3A06%3A38Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%229K2IIH9Y%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Dalu%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020-05-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDalu%2C%20T.%2C%20Magoro%2C%20M.%20L.%2C%20Naidoo%2C%20L.%20S.%2C%20Wasserman%2C%20R.%20J.%2C%20Human%2C%20L.%20RD.%2C%20Adams%2C%20J.%20B.%2C%20Perissinotto%2C%20R.%2C%20Deyzel%2C%20S.%20HP.%2C%20Wooldridge%2C%20T.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Whitfield%2C%20A.%20K.%20%282020%29.%20Microphytobenthos%20diversity%20and%20community%20structure%20across%20different%20micro-estuaries%20and%20micro-outlets%3A%20Effects%20of%20environmental%20variables%20on%20community%20structure.%20%3Ci%3EEnvironmental%20Pollution%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E260%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20114097.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.envpol.2020.114097%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.envpol.2020.114097%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D9K2IIH9Y%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Microphytobenthos%20diversity%20and%20community%20structure%20across%20different%20micro-estuaries%20and%20micro-outlets%3A%20Effects%20of%20environmental%20variables%20on%20community%20structure%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tatenda%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dalu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mandla%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Magoro%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lyndle%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Naidoo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ryan%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wasserman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lucienne%20RD.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Human%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Janine%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Adams%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Renzo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Perissinotto%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Shaun%20HP.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deyzel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tris%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wooldridge%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alan%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Whitfield%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20study%20forms%20the%20first%20basic%20assessment%20of%20microphytobenthos%20%28MPB%29%20dynamics%20in%20micro-estuaries%20and%20micro-outlets%20in%20southern%20Africa.%20It%20examines%20MPB%20community%20responses%20to%20environmental%20variables%20and%20further%20investigates%20MPB%20composition%20qualitatively%20across%20different%20micro-estuaries%20and%20micro-outlets%20over%20four%20seasons%20in%20a%20warm%20temperate%20region%20of%20the%20subcontinent.%20Combinations%20of%20multivariate%20analyses%20were%20used%20to%20explore%20similarities%20and%20differences%20in%20MPB%20communities%20between%20systems.%20Human-induced%20catchment%20changes%20between%20microsystems%20ranged%20from%20no%20alteration%20%28rating%200%3B%20mostly%20micro-outlets%29%20to%20extreme%20modification%20%28rating%205%3B%20mostly%20micro-estuaries%29.%20Two%20hundred%20and%20sixty-seven%20MPB%20taxa%20were%20identified%20within%20all%20the%20microsystems%2C%20with%20247%20and%20230%5Cu00a0MPB%20taxa%20being%20observed%20in%20the%20micro-estuaries%20and%20micro-outlets%2C%20respectively.%20The%20MPB%20communities%20differed%20slightly%20in%20terms%20of%20microsystem%20types%20and%20seasons%2C%20but%20no%20significant%20differences%20were%20observed.%20Multivariate%20analyses%20%28i.e.%20Boosted%20Regression%20Trees%2C%20Canonical%20Correspondence%20Analysis%29%20showed%20that%20water%20column%20variables%20were%20significant%20and%20important%20in%20structuring%20MPB%20communities%2C%20with%20soluble%20reactive%20phosphorus%2C%20sediment%20pH%2C%20turbidity%2C%20ammonium%20and%20temperature%20being%20documented%20as%20key%20drivers.%20The%20MPB%20community%20composition%20clearly%20reflected%20the%20influence%20of%20catchment%20anthropogenic%20activities%20on%20species%20composition%20and%20structure.%20Moderately%20modified%20catchments%20resulted%20in%20MPB%20community%20structure%20variation%20among%20water%20bodies%20in%20relationship%20to%20land%20use%20and%20salinity%20gradients.%20The%20study%20found%20that%3B%20%28i%29%20by%20virtue%20of%20their%20size%2C%20microsystems%20and%20their%20catchments%20are%20likely%20to%20be%20particularly%20vulnerable%20to%20anthropogenic%20pressures%20when%20compared%20to%20systems%20of%20larger%20size%3B%20%28ii%29%20a%20typical%20impacted%20state%20may%20reflect%20reduced%20environmental%20heterogeneity%20which%2C%20compared%20to%20larger%20systems%2C%20may%20be%20achieved%20over%20much%20shorter%20time%20periods%20%28following%20a%20particular%20event%29%20or%20under%20much%20less%20intensive%20impacts%3B%20and%20%28iii%29%20the%20response%20in%20terms%20of%20MPB%20structure%20may%20predictably%20reflect%20a%20concomitant%20change%20from%20a%20complex%20community%20dynamic%20%28structure%20and%20spatio-temporal%20attributes%29%20to%20one%20that%20approaches%20a%20homogeneous%20structure%20%28poor%20spatial%20zonation%2C%20strong%20taxonomic%20dominance%2C%20low%20species%20diversity%29.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020-05-01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.envpol.2020.114097%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220269-7491%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%5C%2Fscience%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0269749119346779%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2285DCE2P4%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-26T10%3A18%3A26Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22MYXP899C%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Diefenderfer%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDiefenderfer%2C%20H.%20L.%2C%20Steyer%2C%20G.%20D.%2C%20Harwell%2C%20M.%20C.%2C%20LoSchiavo%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Neckles%2C%20H.%20A.%2C%20Burdick%2C%20D.%20M.%2C%20Johnson%2C%20G.%20E.%2C%20Buenau%2C%20K.%20E.%2C%20Trujillo%2C%20E.%2C%20Callaway%2C%20J.%20C.%2C%20Thom%2C%20R.%20M.%2C%20Ganju%2C%20N.%20K.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Twilley%2C%20R.%20R.%20%282020%29.%20Applying%20cumulative%20effects%20to%20strategically%20advance%20large-scale%20ecosystem%20restoration.%20%3Ci%3EFrontiers%20in%20Ecology%20and%20the%20Environment%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3EFigure%201%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%201%26%23×2013%3B10.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Ffee.2274%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Ffee.2274%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DMYXP899C%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Applying%20cumulative%20effects%20to%20strategically%20advance%20large-scale%20ecosystem%20restoration%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Heida%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Diefenderfer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gregory%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Steyer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Matthew%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Harwell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22LoSchiavo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hilary%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Neckles%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Burdick%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gary%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Johnson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kate%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Buenau%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elene%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Trujillo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Callaway%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ronald%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thom%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Neil%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ganju%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Robert%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Twilley%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22International%20efforts%20to%20restore%20degraded%20ecosystems%20will%20continue%20to%20expand%20over%20the%20coming%20decades%2C%20yet%20the%20factors%20contributing%20to%20the%20effectiveness%20of%20long-term%20restoration%20across%20large%20areas%20remain%20largely%20unexplored.%20At%20large%20scales%2C%20outcomes%20are%20more%20complex%20and%20synergistic%20than%20the%20additive%20impacts%20of%20individual%20restoration%20projects.%20Here%2C%20we%20propose%20a%20cumulative-effects%20conceptual%20framework%20to%20inform%20restoration%20design%20and%20implementation%20and%20to%20comprehensively%20measure%20ecological%20outcomes.%20To%20evaluate%20and%20illustrate%20this%20approach%2C%20we%20reviewed%20long-term%20restoration%20in%20several%20large%20coastal%20and%20riverine%20areas%20across%20the%20US%3A%20the%20greater%20Florida%20Everglades%3B%20Gulf%20of%20Mexico%20coast%3B%20lower%20Columbia%20River%20and%20estuary%3B%20Puget%20Sound%3B%20San%20Francisco%20Bay%20and%20Sacramento%5Cu2013San%20Joaquin%20Delta%3B%20Missouri%20River%3B%20and%20northeastern%20coastal%20states.%20Evidence%20supported%20eight%20modes%20of%20cumulative%20effects%20of%20interacting%20restoration%20projects%2C%20which%20improved%20outcomes%20for%20species%20and%20ecosystems%20at%20landscape%20and%20regional%20scales.%20We%20conclude%20that%20cumulative%20effects%2C%20usually%20measured%20for%20ecosystem%20degradation%2C%20are%20also%20measurable%20for%20ecosystem%20restoration.%20The%20consideration%20of%20evidence-based%20cumulative%20effects%20will%20help%20managers%20of%20large-scale%20restoration%20capitalize%20on%20positive%20feedback%20and%20reduce%20countervailing%20effects.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2Ffee.2274%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2215409309%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A01%3A49Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22NW3YMCKT%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Dilmahamod%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDilmahamod%2C%20A.%20F.%2C%20Penven%2C%20P.%2C%20Aguiar%26%23×2010%3BGonz%26%23xE1%3Blez%2C%20B.%2C%20Reason%2C%20C.%20J.%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Hermes%2C%20J.%20C.%20%282020%29.%20A%20Model%20Investigation%20of%20the%20Influences%20of%20the%20South%26%23×2010%3BEast%20Madagascar%20Current%20on%20the%20South%26%23×2010%3BEast%20Madagascar%20Bloom.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Oceans%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E125%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%286%29.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2019JC015761%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2019JC015761%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DNW3YMCKT%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20Model%20Investigation%20of%20the%20Influences%20of%20the%20South%5Cu2010East%20Madagascar%20Current%20on%20the%20South%5Cu2010East%20Madagascar%20Bloom%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dilmahamod%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Penven%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Aguiar%5Cu2010Gonz%5Cu00e1lez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20J.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Reason%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hermes%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20South-East%20Madagascar%20Bloom%2C%20one%20of%20the%20most%20compelling%20biogeochemical%20features%20of%20the%20Indian%20Ocean%2C%20occurs%20sporadically%20during%20austral%20summer%20in%20the%20oligotrophic%20waters%20south-east%20of%20Madagascar%2C%20where%20it%20can%20cover%20up%20to%201%25%20of%20the%20global%20ocean%20surface%20area.%20Its%20spatial%20extension%20and%20its%20timing%20are%20highly%20variable.%20A%20high-resolution%20biophysical%20model%20is%20used%20to%20investigate%20a%20previous%20hypothesis%20that%20the%20onset%20of%20a%20particular%20circulation%20of%20the%20South-East%20Madagascar%20Current%20advects%20fresher%20and%20nutrient-rich%20waters%20eastward%2C%20feeding%20the%20bloom.%20The%20model%20is%20able%20to%20reproduce%20an%20intermittent%20phytoplankton%20bloom%20with%20large%20spatial%20variability%20but%20in%20the%20subsurface%20layers%2C%20as%20well%20as%20the%20presence%20of%20an%20irregular%20retroflection%20of%20the%20South-East%20Madagascar%20Current.%20The%20simulated%20bloom%20occurs%20within%20a%20shallow%20stratified%20mixed%20layer%2C%20with%20fresher%20waters%20at%20the%20surface%2C%20parallel%20to%20the%20water%20mass%20in%20an%20observed%20bloom.%20The%20model%20results%20suggest%2C%20from%20a%20nutrient%20flux%20analysis%2C%20that%20horizontal%20advection%20of%20low-salinity%20nutrient-rich%20Madagascan%20coastal%20waters%20can%20indeed%20trigger%20a%20phytoplankton%20bloom.%20The%20coupled%20model%20is%20also%20able%20to%20resolve%20a%20bloom%20that%20is%20atmospherically%20forced%20by%20cyclonic%20activity.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2206%5C%2F2020%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2019JC015761%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222169-9275%2C%202169-9291%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2019JC015761%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BGDWYJZJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-04-13T19%3A11%3A19Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22NDS7KP52%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A7278126%2C%22username%22%3A%22drdavethompson%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fdrdavethompson%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Dlamini%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDlamini%2C%20T.%20B.%2C%20Reilly%2C%20B.%20K.%2C%20Thompson%2C%20D.%20I.%2C%20Burkepile%2C%20D.%20E.%2C%20Botha%2C%20J.%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Rebelo%2C%20A.%20G.%20%282020%29.%20Differential%20herbivore%20occupancy%20of%20fire-manipulated%20savannas%20in%20the%20Satara%20region%20of%20the%20Kruger%20National%20Park%2C%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EKoedoe%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E62%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%201%26%23×2013%3B8.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.4102%5C%2Fkoedoe.v62i1.1603%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.4102%5C%2Fkoedoe.v62i1.1603%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DNDS7KP52%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Differential%20herbivore%20occupancy%20of%20fire-manipulated%20savannas%20in%20the%20Satara%20region%20of%20the%20Kruger%20National%20Park%2C%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thobile%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dlamini%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Brian%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Reilly%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dave%20I.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thompson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Deron%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Burkepile%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Judith%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Botha%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anthony%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rebelo%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20Kruger%20National%20Park%27s%20%28KNP%29%20long-running%20experimental%20burn%20plots%20%28EBPs%29%20have%20a%20history%20of%20research%20projects%2C%20which%20improve%20the%20understanding%20of%20fire%20in%20savanna%20ecosystems.%20Using%20data%20from%20KNP%27s%20aerial%20censuses%20%282005%5Cu20132016%29%20and%20in%20situ%20dung%20count%20data%20%282008%5Cu20132017%29%2C%20this%20study%20assessed%20%281%29%20herbivore%20densities%20on%20the%20Satara%2C%20N%27Wanetsi%20and%20Marheya%20EBPs%2C%20on%20annual%2C%20triennial%20and%20no-burn%20treatments%20and%20across%20pre-%2C%20during%20and%20post-drought%20climate%20conditions%3B%20%282%29%20herbivore%20densities%20of%20these%20EBPs%20relative%20to%20their%20non-manipulated%20surroundings%20and%20%283%29%20the%20extent%20to%20which%20distance%20to%20water%20and%20rainfall%20influence%20ungulate%20densities.%20The%20results%20revealed%20that%20herbivore%20mean%20density%20differed%20significantly%20between%20the%20three%20EBPs%20of%20Satara%20and%20across%20their%20fire%20treatments.%20N%27Wanetsi%20showed%20the%20highest%20density%20%280.30%20animals%5C%2Fha%29%2C%20whilst%20the%20lowest%20was%20found%20at%20Marheya%20%280.12%20animals%5C%2Fha%29.%20Overall%2C%20pre-drought%20density%20was%20higher%20on%20the%20annual%20plots%20%280.56%20animals%5C%2Fha%29%2C%20whilst%20higher%20post-drought%20density%20was%20evidenced%20on%20the%20triennial%20plots%20%280.80%20animals%5C%2Fha%29.%20On%20average%2C%20there%20were%20significantly%20higher%20herbivore%20densities%20on%20the%20EBPs%20%282.54%20animals%5C%2Fha%29%20compared%20to%20the%20surrounding%20matrix%20at%20the%20larger%20scales%20of%20the%20Satara%20management%20section%20%280.15%20animals%5C%2Fha%29%20and%20the%20central%20KNP%20%280.18%20animals%5C%2Fha%29.%20A%20positive%20correlation%20between%20herbivore%20mean%20density%20estimate%20and%20distance%20to%20water%20was%20shown.%20However%2C%20grazer%20mean%20density%20across%20fire%20treatments%20was%20strongly%20correlated%20to%20rainfall.Conservation%20implications%3A%20Given%20the%20variation%20in%20fire%20regimes%20and%20their%20application%2C%20and%20the%20non-uniform%20and%20elevated%20herbivore%20densities%20of%20the%20EBPs%2C%20inferences%20from%20the%20EBPs%20cannot%20be%20made%20to%20the%20larger%20KNP.%20The%20trials%20should%20rather%20be%20viewed%20as%20an%20isolated%2C%20fire%20herbivory%20experiment.%20It%20is%20also%20recommended%20to%20align%20the%20experiment%20with%20South%20African%20National%20Parks%27%20mandate%20by%20including%20biodiversity%20parameters%20like%20small%20mammals%20and%20insects%20in%20the%20monitoring%20of%20the%20plots.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.4102%5C%2Fkoedoe.v62i1.1603%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220075-6458%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%228VPML3VD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-04T13%3A02%3A57Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22VAE8TR7X%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Dlamini%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDlamini%2C%20T.%20B.%2C%20Reilly%2C%20B.%20K.%2C%20Thompson%2C%20D.%20I.%2C%20Burkepile%2C%20D.%20E.%2C%20Botha%2C%20J.%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Rebelo%2C%20A.%20G.%20%282020%29.%20Differential%20herbivore%20occupancy%20of%20fire-manipulated%20savannas%20in%20the%20Satara%20region%20of%20the%20Kruger%20National%20Park%2C%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EKoedoe%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E62%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%201%26%23×2013%3B8.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.4102%5C%2Fkoedoe.v62i1.1603%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.4102%5C%2Fkoedoe.v62i1.1603%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DVAE8TR7X%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Differential%20herbivore%20occupancy%20of%20fire-manipulated%20savannas%20in%20the%20Satara%20region%20of%20the%20Kruger%20National%20Park%2C%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thobile%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dlamini%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Brian%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Reilly%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dave%20I.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thompson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Deron%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Burkepile%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Judith%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Botha%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anthony%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rebelo%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20Kruger%20National%20Park%27s%20%28KNP%29%20long-running%20experimental%20burn%20plots%20%28EBPs%29%20have%20a%20history%20of%20research%20projects%2C%20which%20improve%20the%20understanding%20of%20fire%20in%20savanna%20ecosystems.%20Using%20data%20from%20KNP%27s%20aerial%20censuses%20%282005%5Cu20132016%29%20and%20in%20situ%20dung%20count%20data%20%282008%5Cu20132017%29%2C%20this%20study%20assessed%20%281%29%20herbivore%20densities%20on%20the%20Satara%2C%20N%27Wanetsi%20and%20Marheya%20EBPs%2C%20on%20annual%2C%20triennial%20and%20no-burn%20treatments%20and%20across%20pre-%2C%20during%20and%20post-drought%20climate%20conditions%3B%20%282%29%20herbivore%20densities%20of%20these%20EBPs%20relative%20to%20their%20non-manipulated%20surroundings%20and%20%283%29%20the%20extent%20to%20which%20distance%20to%20water%20and%20rainfall%20influence%20ungulate%20densities.%20The%20results%20revealed%20that%20herbivore%20mean%20density%20differed%20significantly%20between%20the%20three%20EBPs%20of%20Satara%20and%20across%20their%20fire%20treatments.%20N%27Wanetsi%20showed%20the%20highest%20density%20%280.30%20animals%5C%2Fha%29%2C%20whilst%20the%20lowest%20was%20found%20at%20Marheya%20%280.12%20animals%5C%2Fha%29.%20Overall%2C%20pre-drought%20density%20was%20higher%20on%20the%20annual%20plots%20%280.56%20animals%5C%2Fha%29%2C%20whilst%20higher%20post-drought%20density%20was%20evidenced%20on%20the%20triennial%20plots%20%280.80%20animals%5C%2Fha%29.%20On%20average%2C%20there%20were%20significantly%20higher%20herbivore%20densities%20on%20the%20EBPs%20%282.54%20animals%5C%2Fha%29%20compared%20to%20the%20surrounding%20matrix%20at%20the%20larger%20scales%20of%20the%20Satara%20management%20section%20%280.15%20animals%5C%2Fha%29%20and%20the%20central%20KNP%20%280.18%20animals%5C%2Fha%29.%20A%20positive%20correlation%20between%20herbivore%20mean%20density%20estimate%20and%20distance%20to%20water%20was%20shown.%20However%2C%20grazer%20mean%20density%20across%20fire%20treatments%20was%20strongly%20correlated%20to%20rainfall.Conservation%20implications%3A%20Given%20the%20variation%20in%20fire%20regimes%20and%20their%20application%2C%20and%20the%20non-uniform%20and%20elevated%20herbivore%20densities%20of%20the%20EBPs%2C%20inferences%20from%20the%20EBPs%20cannot%20be%20made%20to%20the%20larger%20KNP.%20The%20trials%20should%20rather%20be%20viewed%20as%20an%20isolated%2C%20fire%20herbivory%20experiment.%20It%20is%20also%20recommended%20to%20align%20the%20experiment%20with%20South%20African%20National%20Parks%27%20mandate%20by%20including%20biodiversity%20parameters%20like%20small%20mammals%20and%20insects%20in%20the%20monitoring%20of%20the%20plots.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.4102%5C%2Fkoedoe.v62i1.1603%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220075-6458%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A07%3A35Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22WHSTTZFV%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Elizabeth%20Meyer-Milne%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020-01-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EElizabeth%20Meyer-Milne%2C%20Musa%20C.%20Mlambo%2C%20%26amp%3B%20D.%20Christopher%20Rogers.%20%282020%29.%20Distribution%20of%20Clam%20Shrimps%20%28Crustacea%3A%20Laevicaudata%20and%20Spinicaudata%29%20in%20South%20Africa%2C%20with%20New%20Records%20from%20the%20Northern%20Cape%20Province.%20%3Ci%3EZoological%20Studies%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E%26%23×7121%3B%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2859%29.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.6620%5C%2FZS.2020.59-39%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.6620%5C%2FZS.2020.59-39%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DWHSTTZFV%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Distribution%20of%20Clam%20Shrimps%20%28Crustacea%3A%20Laevicaudata%20and%20Spinicaudata%29%20in%20South%20Africa%2C%20with%20New%20Records%20from%20the%20Northern%20Cape%20Province%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Elizabeth%20Meyer-Milne%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Musa%20C.%20Mlambo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22D.%20Christopher%20Rogers%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20ephemeral%20waterbodies%20of%20southern%20Africa%20are%20regarded%20a%20global%20hotspot%20for%20large%20Branchiopod%20diversity.%20Although%20the%20distributions%20and%20systematics%20of%20Anostraca%20and%20Notostraca%20have%20been%20fairly%20well%20defined%2C%20clam%20shrimps%20have%20received%20much%20less%20attention.%20So%20far%2C%2018%20clam%20shrimp%20species%20are%20known%20from%20the%20sub-region%2C%20but%20none%20of%20the%20available%20published%20literature%20defines%20their%20distribution%20in%20South%20Africa.%20Furthermore%2C%20most%20of%20the%20recent%20studies%20were%20concentrated%20in%20the%20mesic%20provinces%2C%20while%20very%20little%20information%20is%20available%20from%20the%20Northern%20Cape%2C%20where%20most%20ephemeral%20waterbodies%20in%20the%20country%20occur.%20This%20study%20reviews%20the%20distribution%20of%20clam%20shrimps%20in%20South%20Africa%20by%20reviewing%20published%20distribution%20records%20and%20contributing%20novel%20data%20from%20surveys%20in%20the%20Northern%20Cape.%20We%20found%20that%2013%20of%20the%2018%20species%20from%20the%20sub-region%20occur%20in%20South%20Africa%2C%20of%20which%20four%20are%20restricted%20to%20their%20respective%20provinces.%20We%20further%20clarify%20the%20current%20state%20of%20endemism%20patterns%20in%20South%20Africa%20and%20provide%20novel%20findings%20from%20the%20Northern%20Cape%2C%20including%20three%20new%20range%20extensions.%20The%20Northern%20Cape%20hosts%20the%20highest%20species%20richness%2C%20with%20nine%20species%2C%20followed%20by%20the%20Eastern%20Cape%2C%20where%20seven%20species%20have%20been%20recorded%20so%20far.%20Most%20other%20provinces%20have%20low%20species%20richness%20and%20endemism%2C%20while%20no%20species%20records%20have%20been%20published%20from%20the%20Limpopo%20province%20yet.%20Surveys%20over%20large%20geographical%20scales%20are%20important%2C%20and%20more%20research%20is%20needed%20on%20clam%20shrimp%20systematics%20in%20South%20Africa.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22January%201%2C%202020%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.6620%5C%2FZS.2020.59-39%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22CM9YQJBN%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-15T08%3A05%3A43Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22S6I8Z857%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ew%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EEw%2C%20T.%2C%20Bekele%2C%20K.%2C%20Schaffner%2C%20U.%2C%20Allan%2C%20E.%2C%20Alamirew%2C%20T.%2C%20Choge%2C%20S.%20K.%2C%20Eckert%2C%20S.%2C%20Haji%2C%20J.%2C%20Muturi%2C%20G.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Rima%2C%20P.%20%282020%29.%20%3Ci%3EThe%20impact%20of%20invasive%20species%20on%20social-ecological%20systems%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20Relating%20supply%20and%20use%20of%20selected%20provisioning%20ecosystem%20services%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ci%3E41%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%28November%202018%29.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.ecoser.2019.101055%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.ecoser.2019.101055%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DS6I8Z857%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20impact%20of%20invasive%20species%20on%20social-ecological%20systems%20%3A%20Relating%20supply%20and%20use%20of%20selected%20provisioning%20ecosystem%20services%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Theo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ew%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ketema%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bekele%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Urs%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schaffner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eric%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Allan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tena%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Alamirew%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Simon%20K%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Choge%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sandra%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Eckert%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jema%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Haji%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gabriel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Muturi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Purity%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rima%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.ecoser.2019.101055%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A13%3A05Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22H8LJDXAN%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Fawcett%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFawcett%2C%20D.%2C%20Bennie%2C%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Anderson%2C%20K.%20%282020%29.%20%3Ci%3EMonitoring%20spring%20phenology%20of%20individual%20tree%20crowns%20using%20drone-acquired%20NDVI%20data%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%201%26%23×2013%3B18.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Frse2.184%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Frse2.184%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DH8LJDXAN%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Monitoring%20spring%20phenology%20of%20individual%20tree%20crowns%20using%20drone-acquired%20NDVI%20data%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dominic%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fawcett%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jonathan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bennie%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Karen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Anderson%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2Frse2.184%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A12%3A58Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22HSY9VJGN%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Fearon%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFearon%2C%20G.%2C%20Herbette%2C%20S.%2C%20Veitch%2C%20J.%2C%20Cambon%2C%20G.%2C%20Lucas%2C%20A.%2C%20Lemari%26%23xE9%3B%2C%20F.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Vichi%2C%20M.%20%282020%29.%20%3Ci%3EEnhanced%20vertical%20mixing%20in%20coastal%20upwelling%20systems%20driven%20by%20diurnal-inertial%20resonance%3A%20numerical%20experiments%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DHSY9VJGN%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Enhanced%20vertical%20mixing%20in%20coastal%20upwelling%20systems%20driven%20by%20diurnal-inertial%20resonance%3A%20numerical%20experiments%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Giles%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fearon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Steven%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Herbette%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jennifer%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Veitch%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gildas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cambon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lucas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Florian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lemari%5Cu00e9%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marcello%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vichi%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BGDWYJZJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-12-15T12%3A06%3A38Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22D4GVMR7K%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22February%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFebruary%2C%20E.%2C%20Pausch%2C%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Higgins%2C%20S.%20I.%20%282020%29.%20Major%20contribution%20of%20grass%20roots%20to%20soil%20carbon%20pools%20and%20CO2%20fluxes%20in%20a%20mesic%20savanna.%20%3Ci%3EPlant%20and%20Soil%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs11104-020-04649-3%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs11104-020-04649-3%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DD4GVMR7K%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Major%20contribution%20of%20grass%20roots%20to%20soil%20carbon%20pools%20and%20CO2%20fluxes%20in%20a%20mesic%20savanna%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Edmund%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22February%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Johanna%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pausch%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Steven%20I.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Higgins%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Aims%3A%20There%20is%20a%20trend%20of%20increasing%20woody%20biomass%20in%20tropical%20savannas.%20Here%20we%20ask%20what%20effect%20this%20increase%20may%20have%20on%20soil%20carbon%20pools%20and%20fluxes.%20Methods%3A%20Using%20a%20field%20experiment%20we%20determine%20the%20amount%20of%20soil%20carbon%20directly%20under%20grasses%2C%20a%20juvenile%20tree%20among%20grasses%20and%20a%20juvenile%20tree%20with%20no%20grasses.%20We%20also%20measure%20CO2%20efflux%20at%20the%20soil%20surface%20and%20use%20gas%20wells%20to%20extract%20CO2%20from%20several%20soil%20depths.%20Results%3A%20Our%20results%20show%20that%20grasses%20contribute%20substantially%20more%20than%20trees%20to%20both%20soil%20carbon%20and%20soil%20respiration.%20Grasses%20also%20make%20a%20disproportionate%20contribution%20to%20the%20%5Cu03b413C%20value%20of%20SOC%20in%20the%20tree%20only%20treatments.%20The%20surface%20gas%20efflux%20data%20show%20that%20soil%20respiration%20increased%20with%20an%20increase%20in%20volumetric%20soil%20moisture%20and%20temperature%20and%20plots%20with%20both%20grasses%20and%20trees%20had%20higher%20respiration%20rates%20than%20plots%20with%20trees%20only%20or%20with%20grasses%20only.%20Conclusions%3A%20The%20highest%20soil%20respiration%20is%20in%20the%20top%2020%20cm%20of%20the%20soil%20with%20grasses%20the%20primary%20contributors%20to%20both%20%5Cu03b413CSOC%20and%20%5Cu03b413CR.%20Any%20increase%20in%20woody%20biomass%20will%20result%20in%20a%20decline%20in%20SOM%20turnover%20and%20nitrogen%20mineralization%20rates%20resulting%20in%20higher%20SOC%20pools.%20The%20associated%20increases%20in%20SOC%20and%20above%20ground%20biomass%20will%20however%20be%20associated%20with%20negative%20economic%20and%20biodiversity%20impacts.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs11104-020-04649-3%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2215735036%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A13%3A32Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22392B7PG3%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Flynn%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFlynn%2C%20R.%2C%20Granger%2C%20J.%2C%20Veitch%2C%20J.%2C%20Siedlecki%2C%20S.%2C%20Burger%2C%20J.%2C%20Pillay%2C%20K.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Fawcett%2C%20S.%20%282020%29.%20On%26%23×2010%3Bshelf%20nutrient%20trapping%20enhances%20the%20fertility%20of%20the%20southern%20Benguela%20upwelling%20system.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Oceans%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E125%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%286%29%2C%20e2019JC015948.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D392B7PG3%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22On%5Cu2010shelf%20nutrient%20trapping%20enhances%20the%20fertility%20of%20the%20southern%20Benguela%20upwelling%20system%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22RF%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Flynn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Granger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22JA%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Veitch%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Siedlecki%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22JM%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Burger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pillay%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22SE%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fawcett%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222169-9275%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BGDWYJZJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-12-15T12%3A06%3A38Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22T3SCH44V%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Forzieri%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EForzieri%2C%20G.%2C%20Miralles%2C%20D.%20G.%2C%20Ciais%2C%20P.%2C%20Alkama%2C%20R.%2C%20Ryu%2C%20Y.%2C%20Duveiller%2C%20G.%2C%20Zhang%2C%20K.%2C%20Robertson%2C%20E.%2C%20Kautz%2C%20M.%2C%20Martens%2C%20B.%2C%20Jiang%2C%20C.%2C%20Arneth%2C%20A.%2C%20Georgievski%2C%20G.%2C%20Li%2C%20W.%2C%20Ceccherini%2C%20G.%2C%20Anthoni%2C%20P.%2C%20Lawrence%2C%20P.%2C%20Wiltshire%2C%20A.%2C%20Pongratz%2C%20J.%2C%20%26%23×2026%3B%20Cescatti%2C%20A.%20%282020%29.%20Increased%20control%20of%20vegetation%20on%20global%20terrestrial%20energy%20fluxes.%20%3Ci%3ENature%20Climate%20Change%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E10%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29%2C%20356%26%23×2013%3B362.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41558-020-0717-0%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41558-020-0717-0%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DT3SCH44V%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Increased%20control%20of%20vegetation%20on%20global%20terrestrial%20energy%20fluxes%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Giovanni%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Forzieri%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Diego%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Miralles%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Philippe%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ciais%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ramdane%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Alkama%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Youngryel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ryu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gregory%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Duveiller%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ke%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zhang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eddy%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Robertson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Markus%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kautz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Brecht%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Martens%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chongya%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jiang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Almut%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Arneth%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Goran%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Georgievski%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wei%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Li%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Guido%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ceccherini%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Anthoni%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lawrence%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andy%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wiltshire%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Julia%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pongratz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Shilong%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Piao%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stephen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sitch%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Daniel%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Goll%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Vivek%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Arora%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sebastian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lienert%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Danica%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lombardozzi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Etsushi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kato%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Julia%20E.M.S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nabel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hanqin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tian%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pierre%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Friedlingstein%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alessandro%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cescatti%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Changes%20in%20vegetation%20structure%20are%20expected%20to%20influence%20the%20redistribution%20of%20heat%20and%20moisture%3B%20however%2C%20how%20variations%20in%20the%20leaf%20area%20index%20%28LAI%29%20affect%20this%20global%20energy%20partitioning%20is%20not%20yet%20quantified.%20Here%2C%20we%20estimate%20that%20a%20unit%20change%20in%20LAI%20leads%20to%203.66%20%5Cu00b1%200.45%20and%20%5Cu22123.26%20%5Cu00b1%200.41%20W%20m%5Cu22122%20in%20latent%20%28LE%29%20and%20sensible%20%28H%29%20fluxes%2C%20respectively%2C%20over%20the%201982%5Cu20132016%20period.%20Analysis%20of%20an%20ensemble%20of%20data-driven%20products%20shows%20that%20these%20sensitivities%20increase%20by%20about%2020%25%20over%20the%20observational%20period%2C%20prominently%20in%20regions%20with%20a%20limited%20water%20supply%2C%20probably%20because%20of%20an%20increased%20transpiration%5C%2Fevaporation%20ratio.%20Global%20greening%20has%20caused%20a%20decrease%20in%20the%20Bowen%20ratio%20%28B%20%3D%20H%5C%2FLE%29%20of%20%5Cu22120.010%20%5Cu00b1%200.002%20per%20decade%2C%20which%20is%20attributable%20to%20the%20increased%20evaporative%20surface.%20Such%20a%20direct%20LAI%20effect%20on%20energy%20fluxes%20is%20largely%20modulated%20by%20plant%20functional%20types%20%28PFTs%29%20and%20background%20climate%20conditions.%20Land%20surface%20models%20%28LSMs%29%20misrepresent%20this%20vegetation%20control%2C%20possibly%20due%20to%20underestimation%20of%20the%20biophysical%20responses%20to%20changes%20in%20the%20water%20availability%20and%20poor%20representation%20of%20LAI%20dynamics.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1038%5C%2Fs41558-020-0717-0%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2217586798%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41558-020-0717-0%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A09%3A00Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22BD86UFID%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Godlee%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGodlee%2C%20J.%20L.%2C%20Gon%26%23xE7%3Balves%2C%20F.%20M.%2C%20Tchamba%2C%20J.%20J.%2C%20Chisingui%2C%20A.%20V.%2C%20Muledi%2C%20J.%20I.%2C%20Shutcha%2C%20M.%20N.%2C%20Ryan%2C%20C.%20M.%2C%20Brade%2C%20T.%20K.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Dexter%2C%20K.%20G.%20%282020%29.%20Diversity%20and%20structure%20of%20an%20arid%20woodland%20in%20Southwest%20Angola%2C%20with%20comparison%20to%20the%20wider%20miombo%20ecoregion.%20%3Ci%3EDiversity%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E12%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3390%5C%2FD12040140%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3390%5C%2FD12040140%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DBD86UFID%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Diversity%20and%20structure%20of%20an%20arid%20woodland%20in%20Southwest%20Angola%2C%20with%20comparison%20to%20the%20wider%20miombo%20ecoregion%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Godlee%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Francisco%20Maiato%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gon%5Cu00e7alves%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jos%5Cu00e9%20Jo%5Cu00e3o%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tchamba%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Antonio%20Valter%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chisingui%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jonathan%20Ilunga%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Muledi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mylor%20Ngoy%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shutcha%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Casey%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ryan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thom%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Brade%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kyle%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dexter%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Seasonally%20dry%20woodlands%20are%20the%20dominant%20land%20cover%20across%20southern%20Africa.%20They%20are%20biodiverse%2C%20structurally%20complex%2C%20and%20important%20for%20ecosystem%20service%20provision.%20Species%20composition%20and%20structure%20vary%20across%20the%20region%20producing%20a%20diverse%20array%20of%20woodland%20types.%20The%20woodlands%20of%20the%20Huila%20plateau%20in%20southwest%20Angola%20represent%20the%20extreme%20southwestern%20extent%20of%20the%20miombo%20ecoregion%20and%20are%20markedly%20drier%20than%20other%20woodlands%20within%20this%20ecoregion.%20They%20remain%20understudied%2C%20however%2C%20compared%20to%20woodlands%20further%20east%20in%20the%20miombo%20ecoregion.%20We%20aimed%20to%20elucidate%20further%20the%20tree%20diversity%20found%20within%20southwestern%20Angolan%20woodlands%20by%20conducting%20a%20plot-based%20study%20in%20Bicuar%20National%20Park%2C%20comparing%20tree%20species%20composition%20and%20woodland%20structure%20with%20similar%20plots%20in%20Tanzania%2C%20Mozambique%2C%20and%20the%20Democratic%20Republic%20of%20Congo.%20We%20found%20Bicuar%20National%20Park%20had%20comparatively%20low%20tree%20species%20diversity%2C%20but%20contained%2027%20tree%20species%20not%20found%20in%20other%20plots.%20Plots%20in%20Bicuar%20had%20low%20basal%20area%2C%20excepting%20plots%20dominated%20by%20Baikiaea%20plurijuga.%20In%20a%20comparison%20of%20plots%20in%20intact%20vegetation%20with%20areas%20previously%20disturbed%20by%20shifting-cultivation%20agriculture%2C%20we%20found%20species%20diversity%20was%20marginally%20higher%20in%20disturbed%20plots.%20Bicuar%20National%20Park%20remains%20an%20important%20woodland%20refuge%20in%20Angola%2C%20with%20an%20uncommon%20mosaic%20of%20woodland%20types%20within%20a%20small%20area.%20While%20we%20highlight%20wide%20variation%20in%20species%20composition%20and%20woodland%20structure%20across%20the%20miombo%20ecoregion%2C%20plot-based%20studies%20with%20more%20dense%20sampling%20across%20the%20ecoregion%20are%20clearly%20needed%20to%20more%20broadly%20understand%20regional%20variation%20in%20vegetation%20diversity%2C%20composition%20and%20structure.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.3390%5C%2FD12040140%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2214242818%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A58%3A22Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22DFAINW3Y%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Gokool%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGokool%2C%20S.%2C%20Riddell%2C%20E.%2C%20Jarmain%2C%20C.%2C%20Chetty%2C%20K.%2C%20Feig%2C%20G.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Thenga%2C%20H.%20%282020%29.%20Evaluating%20the%20accuracy%20of%20satellite-derived%20evapotranspiration%20estimates%20acquired%20during%20conditions%20of%20water%20stress.%20%3Ci%3EInternational%20Journal%20of%20Remote%20Sensing%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E41%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20704%26%23×2013%3B724.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F01431161.2019.1646940%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F01431161.2019.1646940%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DDFAINW3Y%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Evaluating%20the%20accuracy%20of%20satellite-derived%20evapotranspiration%20estimates%20acquired%20during%20conditions%20of%20water%20stress%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gokool%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Es%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Riddell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jarmain%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kt%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chetty%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Feig%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thenga%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Surface%20energy%20balance%20models%20such%20as%20the%20surface%20energy%20balance%20system%20%28SEBS%29%20assume%20that%20the%20influence%20of%20soil%20moisture%20and%20biophysical%20parameters%20on%20evapotranspiration%20%28ET%29%2C%20are%20implicitly%20encompassed%20in%20model%20input%20variables%20such%20as%20the%20land%20surface%20temperature.%20This%20simplification%20may%20generally%20be%20suitable%20for%20environments%20in%20which%20the%20available%20energy%20constrains%20ET%20but%20may%20prove%20to%20be%20inadequate%20during%20suboptimal%20environmental%20conditions.%20To%20address%20this%20limitation%2C%20the%20SEBSESF%20approach%20was%20proposed%20to%20better%20represent%20the%20influence%20of%20environmental%20stress%20on%20surface%20energy%20fluxes%2C%20using%20an%20empirically%20derived%20calibration%20factor%20to%20adjust%20the%20evaporative%20fraction%20previously%20determined%20in%20SEBS.%20SEBSESF%20was%20evaluated%20by%20comparing%20the%20modelled%20ET%20estimates%20against%20Eddy%20Covariance%20ET%20measurements%20%28ECET%29%20at%20two%20sites%2C%20with%20contrasting%20environmental%20conditions.%20Comparisons%20between%20ECET%20and%20modelled%20ET%20indicated%20that%20the%20implementation%20of%20SEBSESF%20resulted%20in%20an%20improved%20correlation%20between%20ECET%20and%20modelled%20ET%20estimates%2C%20as%20well%20as%20an%20increase%20in%20the%20percentage%20of%20modelled%20ET%20estimates%20within%20an%20acceptable%20accuracy%20range%20%28%5Cu00b1%2015%20to%2030%25%29.%20Overall%2C%20the%20results%20of%20the%20study%20demonstrate%20how%20potential%20improvements%20in%20the%20mapping%20of%20ET%20within%20arid%20and%20semi-arid%20environments%20can%20be%20achieved%20by%20accounting%20for%20environmental%20stress.%20This%20in%20turn%20provides%20an%20opportunity%20to%20better%20understand%20and%20quantify%20energy%20and%20water%20fluxes%2C%20using%20satellite-based%20ET%20estimation%20approaches.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1080%5C%2F01431161.2019.1646940%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2213665901%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F01431161.2019.1646940%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A01%3A26Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22GUYK6QE5%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Grman%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGrman%2C%20E.%2C%20Zirbel%2C%20C.%20R.%2C%20Bauer%2C%20J.%20T.%2C%20Groves%2C%20A.%20M.%2C%20Bassett%2C%20T.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Brudvig%2C%20L.%20A.%20%282020%29.%20Super%26%23×2010%3Babundant%20C%204%20grasses%20are%20a%20mixed%20blessing%20in%20restored%20prairies.%20%3Ci%3ERestoration%20Ecology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%201%26%23×2013%3B8.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Frec.13281%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Frec.13281%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DGUYK6QE5%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Super%5Cu2010abundant%20C%204%20grasses%20are%20a%20mixed%20blessing%20in%20restored%20prairies%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Emily%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Grman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chad%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zirbel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jonathan%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bauer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anna%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Groves%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tyler%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bassett%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lars%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Brudvig%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Frec.13281%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221061-2971%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A10%3A52Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22HJ2BM5SB%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Herrero%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHerrero%2C%20H.%2C%20Southworth%2C%20J.%2C%20Muir%2C%20C.%2C%20Khatami%2C%20R.%2C%20Bunting%2C%20E.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Child%2C%20B.%20%282020%29.%20An%20evaluation%20of%20vegetation%20health%20in%20and%20around%20southern%20african%20national%20parks%20during%20the%2021st%20century%20%282000-2016%29.%20%3Ci%3EApplied%20Sciences%20%28Switzerland%29%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E10%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%287%29.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3390%5C%2Fapp10072366%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3390%5C%2Fapp10072366%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DHJ2BM5SB%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22An%20evaluation%20of%20vegetation%20health%20in%20and%20around%20southern%20african%20national%20parks%20during%20the%2021st%20century%20%282000-2016%29%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hannah%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Herrero%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jane%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Southworth%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Carly%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Muir%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Reza%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Khatami%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Erin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bunting%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Brian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Child%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Roughly%2065%25%20of%20the%20African%20continent%20is%20classified%20as%20savanna.%20Such%20regions%20are%20of%20critical%20importance%20given%20their%20high%20levels%20of%20biological%20productivity%2C%20role%20in%20the%20carbon%20cycle%2C%20structural%20differences%2C%20and%20support%20of%20large%20human%20populations.%20Across%20southern%20Africa%20there%20are%2079%20national%20parks%20within%20savanna%20landscapes.%20Understanding%20trends%20and%20factors%20of%20vegetation%20health%20in%20these%20parks%20is%20critical%20for%20proper%20management%20and%20sustainability.%20This%20research%20strives%20to%20understand%20factors%20and%20trends%20in%20vegetation%20health%20from%202000%20to%202016%20in%20and%20around%20the%2079%20national%20parks%20across%20southern%20Africa.%20A%20backward%20stepwise%20regression%20was%20used%20to%20understand%20the%20factors%20%28e.g.%2C%20precipitation%2C%20population%20density%2C%20and%20presence%20of%20transfrontier%20conservation%20areas%29%20affecting%20the%20normalized%20difference%20vegetation%20index%20%28NDVI%29%20during%20the%2021st%20century.%20There%20was%20a%20statistically%20significant%20positive%20%28p%20%5C%5Ctextless%200.05%29%20relationship%20between%20mean%20annual%20precipitation%20and%20NDVI%2C%20and%20a%20significant%20negative%20relationship%20between%20population%20density%20and%20NDVI.%20To%20monitor%20vegetation%20trends%20in%20and%20around%20the%20parks%2C%20directional%20persistence%2C%20a%20seasonal%20NDVI%20time%20series-based%20trend%20analysis%2C%20was%20used.%20Directional%20persistence%20is%20the%20net%20accumulation%20of%20directional%20change%20in%20NDVI%20over%20time%20in%20a%20given%20period%20relative%20to%20a%20fixed%20benchmarked%20period.%20Parks%20and%20buffer%20zones%20across%20size%20classes%20were%20compared%20to%20examine%20differences%20in%20vegetation%20health.%20There%20was%20an%20overwhelmingly%20positive%20trend%20throughout.%20Additionally%2C%20national%20parks%2C%20overall%2C%20had%20higher%20amounts%20of%20positive%20persistence%20and%20lower%20amounts%20of%20negative%20persistence%20than%20the%20surrounding%20buffer%20zones.%20Having%20higher%20positive%20persistence%20inside%20of%20parks%20indicates%20that%20they%20are%20functioning%20favorably%20relative%20to%20the%20buffer%20zones%20in%20terms%20of%20vegetation%20resilience.%20This%20is%20an%20important%20finding%20for%20park%20managers%20and%20conservation%20overall%20in%20Southern%20Africa.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.3390%5C%2Fapp10072366%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2220763417%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A12%3A43Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%226PL782ZX%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Hug%5Cu00e9%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHug%26%23xE9%3B%2C%20J.%2C%20Rochette%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20de%20B%26%23xE9%3Bthune%2C%20S.%2C%20Parra%20Paitan%2C%20C.%20C.%2C%20Vanderhaegen%2C%20K.%2C%20Vandervelden%2C%20T.%2C%20Van%20Passel%2C%20S.%2C%20Vanhove%2C%20M.%20P.%20M.%2C%20Verbist%2C%20B.%2C%20Verheyen%2C%20D.%2C%20Waas%2C%20T.%2C%20Janssens%2C%20I.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Janssens%20de%20Bisthoven%2C%20L.%20%282020%29.%20Ecosystem%20services%20assessment%20tools%20for%20African%20Biosphere%20Reserves%3A%20A%20review%20and%20user-informed%20classification.%20%3Ci%3EEcosystem%20Services%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E42%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%28January%29%2C%20101079.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.ecoser.2020.101079%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.ecoser.2020.101079%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D6PL782ZX%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Ecosystem%20services%20assessment%20tools%20for%20African%20Biosphere%20Reserves%3A%20A%20review%20and%20user-informed%20classification%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hug%5Cu00e9%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rochette%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22de%20B%5Cu00e9thune%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Parra%20Paitan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vanderhaegen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vandervelden%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Van%20Passel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20P.M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vanhove%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Verbist%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Verheyen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Waas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22I.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Janssens%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Janssens%20de%20Bisthoven%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22While%20the%20concept%20of%20ecosystem%20services%20which%20links%20biodiversity%20to%20human%20wellbeing%2C%20is%20by%20now%20well-known%2C%20its%20translation%20into%20actual%20management%20decisions%20is%20still%20uneven.%20African%20Biosphere%20Reserves%2C%20which%20are%20to%20be%20living%20labs%20for%20sustainable%20development%2C%20embody%20the%20idea%20of%20synergies%20between%20people%20and%20nature.%20Gaining%20knowledge%20about%20the%20provision%2C%20the%20use%20and%20the%20trends%20of%20ecosystem%20services%20in%20these%20reserves%20is%20essential%20to%20ensure%20their%20global%20change-proof%20management.%20The%20diversity%20of%20rapidly%20evolving%20ecosystem%20services%20assessment%20tools%20requires%20a%20systematic%20and%20informed%20selection%2C%20in%20order%20to%20ensure%20that%20prospective%20tool%20users%20select%20the%20most%20adequate%20tool%2C%20aligned%20to%20their%20needs%20and%20context.%20Based%20on%20a%20Delphi%20survey%20of%20future%20tool%20users%2C%20and%20on%20a%20review%20of%20ecosystem%20services%20assessment%20tools%2C%20we%20propose%20guidance%20to%20users%20to%20select%20the%20most%20suited%20tool%20based%20on%20the%20context%20of%20African%20Biosphere%20Reserves%2C%20and%20on%20tool%20requirements%20regarding%20data%20input%2C%20necessary%20skills%2C%20outputs%20and%20types%20of%20ecosystem%20services%20addressed.%20The%20use%20of%20the%20Delphi%20survey%20and%20the%20focus%20on%20African%20Biosphere%20Reserves%20are%20new%20elements%20that%20contribute%20to%20the%20theory%20and%20practice%20of%20ecosystem%20services%20assessment.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.ecoser.2020.101079%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2222120416%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.ecoser.2020.101079%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A10%3A21Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%229T53V9FK%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Human%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020-04-02%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHuman%2C%20L.%2C%20Weitz%2C%20R.%2C%20Allanson%2C%20B.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Adams%2C%20J.%20%282020%29.%20Nutrient%20fluxes%20from%20sediments%20pose%20management%20challenges%20for%20the%20Knysna%20Estuary%2C%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EAfrican%20Journal%20of%20Aquatic%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E45%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%26%23×2013%3B2%29%2C%201%26%23×2013%3B9.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F16085914.2019.1671787%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F16085914.2019.1671787%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D9T53V9FK%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Nutrient%20fluxes%20from%20sediments%20pose%20management%20challenges%20for%20the%20Knysna%20Estuary%2C%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22LRD%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Human%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Weitz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22BR%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Allanson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22JB%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Adams%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20study%20investigated%20seasonal%20dynamics%20of%20benthic%20nutrient%20fluxes%20using%20in%20situ%20benthic%20chambers%20deployed%20over%20a%2024%5Cu2013hour%20period%20at%20the%20sediment%20water%20interface%20for%20four%20distinct%20regions%20of%20the%20Knysna%20Estuary.%20The%20sediment%20in%20the%20Upper%20Estuary%2C%20Lagoon%20and%20Bay%20acted%20as%20a%20source%20of%20NH4%20with%20a%20rate%20of%20100%5Cu2013300%20%5Cu00b5mol%20m%5Cu22122%20day%5Cu22121%20N%2C%20and%20soluble%20reactive%20phosphorus%20%28SRP%29%20with%20a%20rate%20of%2015%20%5Cu00b5mol%20m%5Cu22122%20day%5Cu22121%20P%2C%20whereas%20that%20of%20Ashmead%20channel%20exceeded%20these%20rates%20by%20far.%20The%20sediment%20acted%20as%20a%20sink%20for%20NO3%5Cu2212%20with%20fluxes%20of%20between%20%5Cu2212200%20and%20100%20%5Cu00b5mol%20m%5Cu22122%20h%5Cu22121.%20Benthic%20nutrient%20fluxes%20in%20the%20estuary%20were%20positively%20related%20with%20sediment%20organic%20content%20and%20silt.%20Nutrient%20fluxes%20in%20the%20Ashmead%20channel%20were%20significantly%20greater%20than%20the%20other%20regions%20because%20of%20the%20anoxic%20sediment%2C%20reduced%20flushing%20and%20a%20legacy%20of%20pollutant%20and%20organic%20matter%20retention.%20This%20condition%20can%20only%20be%20improved%20by%20removing%20wastewater%20input%20and%20dredging.%20Such%20drastic%20interventions%20are%20necessary%20to%20improve%20the%20health%20of%20South%20Africa%5Cu2019s%20top%20ranked%20estuary%20in%20terms%20of%20biodiversity%20importance.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020-04-02%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.2989%5C%2F16085914.2019.1671787%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221608-5914%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F16085914.2019.1671787%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2285DCE2P4%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-26T10%3A27%3A40Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2275HY7RJG%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Human%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020-09-30%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHuman%2C%20L.%20R.%20D.%2C%20Feij%26%23xE3%3Bo%2C%20E.%2C%20Cruz%20de%20Carvalho%2C%20R.%2C%20Ca%26%23xE7%3Bador%2C%20I.%2C%20Reis-Santos%2C%20P.%2C%20Fonseca%2C%20V.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Duarte%2C%20B.%20%282020%29.%20Mediterranean%20salt%20marsh%20sediment%20metal%20speciation%20and%20bioavailability%20changes%20induced%20by%20the%20spreading%20of%20non-indigenous%20Spartina%20patens.%20%3Ci%3EEstuarine%2C%20Coastal%20and%20Shelf%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E243%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20106921.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.ecss.2020.106921%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.ecss.2020.106921%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D75HY7RJG%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Mediterranean%20salt%20marsh%20sediment%20metal%20speciation%20and%20bioavailability%20changes%20induced%20by%20the%20spreading%20of%20non-indigenous%20Spartina%20patens%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lucienne%20R.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Human%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eduardo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Feij%5Cu00e3o%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ricardo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cruz%20de%20Carvalho%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Isabel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ca%5Cu00e7ador%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Patrick%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Reis-Santos%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Vanessa%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fonseca%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bernardo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Duarte%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Within%20the%20Tejo%20Estuary%2C%20non-indigenous%20species%20%28NIS%29%20Spartina%20patens%20colonizes%20the%20upper%20middle%20marsh%20competing%20with%20the%20native%20Halimione%20portulacoides%20for%20space%20and%20resources.%20Due%20to%20the%20very%20different%20root%20system%20and%20metabolism%20between%20both%20species%2C%20this%20invasion%20can%20have%20significant%20biogeochemical%20implications%2C%20namely%20in%20terms%20of%20metal%20speciation%20and%20availability.%20In%20the%20present%20study%2C%20we%20evaluate%20the%20biogeochemical%20modifications%20in%20terms%20of%20metal%20speciation%20introduced%20by%20the%20colonization%20of%20the%20NIS%20S.%20patens.%20Total%20metals%20Cu%2C%20Zn%2C%20Pb%20and%20As%20within%20the%20rhizosediment%20varied%20between%20the%20two%20study%20species%20but%20was%20generally%20higher%20in%20the%20rhizosediment%20of%20H.%20portulacoides.%20These%20differences%20could%20be%20attributed%20to%20the%20higher%20organic%20content%20and%20smaller%20sand%20fraction%20found%20in%20the%20rhizosediment%20of%20H.%20portulacoides.%20Zinc%20was%20found%20to%20have%20highest%20concentration%20%28H.%20portulacoides%20126.22%5Cu00a0mg%5Cu00a0g%5Cu22121%2C%20S.%20patens%2068.35%5Cu00a0mg%5Cu00a0g%5Cu22121%29%20in%20the%20rhizosediments%20while%20Cu%20and%20As%20were%20least%20concentrated%20metals.%20Considering%20the%20bioavailable%20fractions%20%28F1%5Cu00a0%2B%5Cu00a0F2%29%20Cu%2C%20Zn%20and%20As%20were%20more%20readily%20available%20in%20the%20sediment%20beneath%20NIS%20S.%20patens%20than%20in%20H.%20portulacoides%20and%20Pb%20presented%20no%20significance%20%28p%5Cu00a0%3D%5Cu00a00.835%29.%20Overall%2C%20H.%20portulacoides%20rhizosediments%20had%20higher%20total%20metal%20concentration%2C%20whilst%20the%20rhizosediments%20of%20NIS%20S.%20patens%20presented%20a%20higher%20percentage%20of%20bioavailable%20metals.%20Thus%2C%20the%20bioinvasion%20and%20expansion%20of%20NIS%20S.%20patens%20may%20have%20implications%20for%20metal%20biogeochemistry%20and%20the%20natural%20remediation%20capacity%20of%20salt%20marshes%20in%20estuaries%20along%20the%20Mediterranean%20and%20North-eastern%20Atlantic%20coasts%2C%20as%20well%20as%20ensuing%20biodiversity%20and%20potential%20trophic%20web%20contamination%20consequences.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020-09-30%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.ecss.2020.106921%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220272-7714%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%5C%2Fscience%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS027277142030216X%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2285DCE2P4%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-26T10%3A28%3A22Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22J92XD95K%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Jury%20and%20Goschen%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020-11-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EJury%2C%20M.%20R.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Goschen%2C%20W.%20S.%20%282020%29.%20Physical%20ocean-atmosphere%20variability%20over%20the%20shelf%20of%20South%20Africa%20from%20reanalysis%20products.%20%3Ci%3EContinental%20Shelf%20Research%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E202%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20104135.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.csr.2020.104135%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.csr.2020.104135%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DJ92XD95K%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Physical%20ocean-atmosphere%20variability%20over%20the%20shelf%20of%20South%20Africa%20from%20reanalysis%20products%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mark%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jury%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wayne%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Goschen%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Inter-relationships%20between%20physical%20ocean-atmosphere%20processes%20over%20the%20eastern%20Agulhas%20Bank%20are%20explored%20using%20data%20assimilation%20by%20the%20Hybrid%20Coordinate%20Ocean%20Model%20%28HYCOM%29%2C%20which%20provides%20daily%20fields%20and%20time%20series%20off%20the%20south%20coast%20of%20South%20Africa%20%2833.75%5Cu201334.5S%2C%2024.0%5Cu201326.5E%29%20in%20the%20period%202009%5Cu20132017.%20Our%20objectives%20are%3A%20i%29%20to%20describe%20and%20understand%20the%20sharp%20gradients%20over%20the%20shelf%2C%20ii%29%20to%20quantify%20the%20temporal%20controls%20and%20lagged%20uptake%20of%20weather%20events%20and%2C%20iii%29%20to%20analyze%20the%20spatial%20effects%20of%20capes%20on%20mesoscale%20oceanographic%20structure.%20Sea%20surface%20temperature%20%28SST%29%20and%20zonal%20winds%20%28U-wind%29%20were%20cross-correlated%20with%20salinity%2C%20currents%2C%20waves%20and%20atmospheric%20variables%20such%20as%20heat%20budget%20components%2C%20air%20pressure%20%28SLP%29%2C%20air%20temperature.%20Correlations%20were%20made%20over%20daily%20and%20annual%20time%20scales%20to%20identify%20the%20leading%20ocean-atmosphere%20interactions%20and%20the%20strength%20of%20processes.%20At%20daily%20time%20scales%20weak%20correlations%20were%20found%20between%20SST%20and%20a%20variety%20of%20ocean-atmosphere%20parameters%2C%20suggesting%20that%20multiple%20processes%20affect%20the%20thermodynamic%20condition.%20SST%20showed%20most%20correlation%20with%20radiation%20and%20heat%20budget%20components%20%28r%5Cu00a0%3D%5Cu00a0%5Cu22120.35%2C%200.39%29%2C%20SLP%20%28r%5Cu00a0%3D%5Cu00a0%5Cu22120.30%29%20and%20meridional%20currents%20%28r%5Cu00a0%3D%5Cu00a0%5Cu22120.26%29.%20In%20contrast%2C%20the%20simultaneous%20correlation%20of%20SST%20with%20U-wind%20was%20weak%20%28r%5Cu00a0%3D%5Cu00a0%5Cu22120.08%29.%20We%20attribute%20this%20to%3A%20i%29%20delayed%20response%2C%20ii%29%20opposing%20effects%20of%20coastal%20upwelling%20and%20summer%20heating%2C%20and%20iii%29%20competing%20shelf-edge%20processes.%20Over%20the%20mean%20annual%20cycle%2C%20correlations%20between%20SST%2C%20U-winds%2C%20salinity%2C%20radiative%20fluxes%20and%20V-currents%20were%20strong%2C%20indicating%20how%20kinematic%20and%20thermodynamic%20controls%20conspire%20to%20induce%20seasonality.%20SST%20was%20well%20correlated%20%28r%5Cu00a0%3C%5Cu00a0%5Cu22120.82%29%20with%20SLP%2C%20long-wave%20radiation%2C%20salinity%20and%20wave%20height%2C%20but%20weakly%20correlated%20with%20currents.%20U-wind%20was%20correlated%20significantly%20with%20evaporation%2C%20radiative%20fluxes%2C%20curl%20%28wind%20shear%29%2C%20meridional%20currents%20and%20wave%20period.%20Case%20studies%20of%20transient%20cold%20and%20warm%20events%20south%20of%20South%20Africa%20are%20described%20to%20reveal%20the%20large-scale%20atmospheric%20forcing%20of%20local%20SST.%20In%20addition%2C%20comparisons%20between%20the%20HYCOM%20reanalysis%20time%20series%20and%20independent%20insitu%20data%20are%20provided%20as%20a%20measure%20of%20confidence%20in%20global%20data%20assimilation%20systems%2C%20which%20open%20new%20opportunities%20for%20mesoscale%20oceanographic%20research%20in%20coastal%20zones.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020-11-01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.csr.2020.104135%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220278-4343%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%5C%2Fscience%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0278434320300911%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2285DCE2P4%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-26T09%3A41%3A58Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2282Y35EW6%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Kattge%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EKattge%2C%20J.%2C%20B%26%23xF6%3Bnisch%2C%20G.%2C%20D%26%23xED%3Baz%2C%20S.%2C%20Lavorel%2C%20S.%2C%20Prentice%2C%20I.%20C.%2C%20Leadley%2C%20P.%2C%20Tautenhahn%2C%20S.%2C%20Werner%2C%20G.%20D.%20A.%2C%20Aakala%2C%20T.%2C%20Abedi%2C%20M.%2C%20Acosta%2C%20A.%20T.%20R.%2C%20Adamidis%2C%20G.%20C.%2C%20Adamson%2C%20K.%2C%20Aiba%2C%20M.%2C%20Albert%2C%20C.%20H.%2C%20Alc%26%23xE1%3Bntara%2C%20J.%20M.%2C%20Alc%26%23xE1%3Bzar%20C%2C%20C.%2C%20Aleixo%2C%20I.%2C%20Ali%2C%20H.%2C%20%26%23×2026%3B%20Wirth%2C%20C.%20%282020%29.%20TRY%20plant%20trait%20database%20-%20enhanced%20coverage%20and%20open%20access.%20%3Ci%3EGlob.%20Chang.%20Biol.%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E26%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%20119%26%23×2013%3B188.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fgcb.14904%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fgcb.14904%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D82Y35EW6%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22TRY%20plant%20trait%20database%20-%20enhanced%20coverage%20and%20open%20access%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jens%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kattge%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gerhard%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22B%5Cu00f6nisch%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sandra%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22D%5Cu00edaz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sandra%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lavorel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Iain%20Colin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Prentice%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paul%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Leadley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Susanne%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tautenhahn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gijsbert%20D%20A%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Werner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tuomas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Aakala%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mehdi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Abedi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alicia%20T%20R%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Acosta%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22George%20C%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Adamidis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kairi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Adamson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Masahiro%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Aiba%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C%5Cu00e9cile%20H%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Albert%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Julio%20M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Alc%5Cu00e1ntara%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Carolina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Alc%5Cu00e1zar%20C%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Izabela%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Aleixo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hamada%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ali%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bernard%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Amiaud%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ammer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mariano%20M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Amoroso%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Madhur%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Anand%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Carolyn%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Anderson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Niels%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Anten%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joseph%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Antos%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Deborah%20Mattos%20Guimar%5Cu00e3es%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Apgaua%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tia-Lynn%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ashman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Degi%20Harja%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Asmara%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gregory%20P%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Asner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Aspinwall%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Owen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Atkin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Isabelle%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Aubin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lars%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Baastrup-Spohr%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Khadijeh%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bahalkeh%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bahn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Timothy%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Baker%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Baker%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jan%20P%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bakker%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dennis%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Baldocchi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jennifer%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Baltzer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Arindam%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Banerjee%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anne%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Baranger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jos%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Barlow%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Diego%20R%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Barneche%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Zdravko%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Baruch%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Denis%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bastianelli%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Battles%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bauerle%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marijn%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bauters%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Erika%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bazzato%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Beckmann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hans%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Beeckman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Carl%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Beierkuhnlein%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Renee%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bekker%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gavin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Belfry%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Belluau%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mirela%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Beloiu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Raquel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benavides%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lahcen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benomar%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mary%20Lee%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Berdugo-Lattke%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Erika%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Berenguer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rodrigo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bergamin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joana%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bergmann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marcos%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bergmann%20Carlucci%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Logan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Berner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Markus%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bernhardt-R%5Cu00f6mermann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christof%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bigler%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anne%20D%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bjorkman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chris%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Blackman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Carolina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Blanco%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Benjamin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Blonder%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dana%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Blumenthal%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kelly%20T%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bocanegra-Gonz%5Cu00e1lez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pascal%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Boeckx%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stephanie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bohlman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Katrin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22B%5Cu00f6hning-Gaese%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Laura%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Boisvert-Marsh%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bond%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ben%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bond-Lamberty%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Arnoud%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Boom%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Coline%20C%20F%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Boonman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kauane%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bordin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elizabeth%20H%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Boughton%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Vanessa%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Boukili%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20M%20J%20S%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bowman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sandra%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bravo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marco%20Richard%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Brendel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martin%20R%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Broadley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kerry%20A%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Brown%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Helge%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bruelheide%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Federico%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Brumnich%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hans%20Henrik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bruun%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bruy%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Serra%20W%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Buchanan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Solveig%20Franziska%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bucher%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Buchmann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Robert%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Buitenwerf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Daniel%20E%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bunker%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jana%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22B%5Cu00fcrger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sabina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Burrascano%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20F%20R%20P%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Burslem%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bradley%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Butterfield%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chaeho%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Byun%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marcia%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Marques%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marina%20C%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Scalon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marco%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Caccianiga%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marc%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cadotte%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Maxime%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cailleret%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22James%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Camac%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jes%5Cu00fas%20Julio%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Camarero%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Courtney%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Campany%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Giandiego%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Campetella%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Juan%20Antonio%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Campos%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Laura%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cano-Arboleda%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Roberto%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Canullo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michele%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Carbognani%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fabio%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Carvalho%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fernando%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Casanoves%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bastien%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Castagneyrol%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jane%20A%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Catford%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jeannine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cavender-Bares%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bruno%20E%20L%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cerabolini%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marco%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cervellini%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eduardo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chac%5Cu00f3n-Madrigal%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kenneth%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chapin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22F%20Stuart%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chapin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stefano%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chelli%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Si-Chong%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anping%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paolo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cherubini%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Francesco%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chianucci%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Brendan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Choat%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kyong-Sook%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chung%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Milan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chytr%5Cu00fd%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Daniela%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ciccarelli%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Llu%5Cu00eds%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Coll%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Courtney%20G%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Collins%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Luisa%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Conti%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Coomes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Johannes%20H%20C%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cornelissen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%20K%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cornwell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Piermaria%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Corona%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Coyea%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joseph%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Craine%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dylan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Craven%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joris%20P%20G%20M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cromsigt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anik%5Cu00f3%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Csecserits%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Katarina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cufar%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Matthias%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cuntz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ana%20Carolina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22da%20Silva%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kyla%20M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dahlin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Matteo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dainese%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Igor%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dalke%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michele%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dalle%20Fratte%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anh%20Tuan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dang-Le%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jir%5Cu00ed%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Danihelka%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Masako%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dannoura%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Samantha%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dawson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Arend%20Jacobus%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22de%20Beer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Angel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22De%20Frutos%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jonathan%20R%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22De%20Long%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Benjamin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dechant%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sylvain%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Delagrange%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicolas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Delpierre%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G%5Cu00e9raldine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Derroire%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Arildo%20S%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dias%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Milton%20Hugo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Diaz-Toribio%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Panayiotis%20G%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dimitrakopoulos%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mark%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dobrowolski%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Daniel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Doktor%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pavel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22D%5Cu0159evojan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ning%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dong%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dransfield%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stefan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dressler%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Leandro%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Duarte%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Emilie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ducouret%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stefan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dullinger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Walter%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Durka%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Remko%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Duursma%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Olga%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dymova%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anna%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22E-Vojtk%5Cu00f3%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rolf%20Lutz%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Eckstein%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hamid%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ejtehadi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22James%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Elser%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thaise%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Emilio%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kristine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Engemann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mohammad%20Bagher%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Erfanian%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alexandra%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Erfmeier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adriane%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Esquivel-Muelbert%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gerd%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Esser%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marc%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Estiarte%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tomas%20F%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Domingues%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%20F%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fagan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jaime%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fag%5Cu00fandez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Daniel%20S%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Falster%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ying%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jingyun%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Emmanuele%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Farris%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fatih%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fazlioglu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yanhao%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Feng%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fernando%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fernandez-Mendez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Carlotta%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ferrara%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joice%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ferreira%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alessandra%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fidelis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bryan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Finegan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jennifer%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Firn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Timothy%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Flowers%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dan%20F%20B%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Flynn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Veronika%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fontana%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Estelle%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Forey%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cristiane%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Forgiarini%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Louis%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fran%5Cu00e7ois%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marcelo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Frangipani%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dorothea%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Frank%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cedric%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Frenette-Dussault%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gr%5Cu00e9goire%20T%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Freschet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ellen%20L%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fry%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nikolaos%20M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fyllas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Guilherme%20G%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mazzochini%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sophie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gachet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rachael%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gallagher%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gislene%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ganade%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Francesca%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ganga%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pablo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Garc%5Cu00eda-Palacios%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ver%5Cu00f3nica%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gargaglione%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eric%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Garnier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jose%20Luis%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Garrido%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andr%5Cu00e9%20Lu%5Cu00eds%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22de%20Gasper%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Guillermo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gea-Izquierdo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gibson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%20N%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gillison%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Aelton%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Giroldo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mary-Claire%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Glasenhardt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sean%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gleason%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mariana%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gliesch%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Emma%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Goldberg%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bastian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22G%5Cu00f6ldel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Erika%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gonzalez-Akre%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jose%20L%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gonzalez-Andujar%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andr%5Cu00e9s%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gonz%5Cu00e1lez-Melo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ana%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gonz%5Cu00e1lez-Robles%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bente%20Jessen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Graae%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elena%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Granda%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sarah%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Graves%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Walton%20A%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Green%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thomas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gregor%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicolas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gross%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Greg%20R%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Guerin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Angela%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22G%5Cu00fcnther%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alvaro%20G%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Guti%5Cu00e9rrez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lillie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Haddock%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anna%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Haines%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jefferson%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hall%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alain%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hambuckers%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wenxuan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Han%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sandy%20P%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Harrison%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wesley%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hattingh%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joseph%20E%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hawes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tianhua%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22He%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pengcheng%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22He%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jacob%20Mason%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Heberling%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Aveliina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Helm%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stefan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hempel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J%5Cu00f6rn%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hentschel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bruno%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22H%5Cu00e9rault%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ana-Maria%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Here%5Cu015f%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Katharina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Herz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Myriam%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Heuertz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thomas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hickler%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hietz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pedro%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Higuchi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%20L%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hipp%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hirons%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Maria%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hock%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22James%20Aaron%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hogan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Karen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Holl%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Olivier%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Honnay%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Daniel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hornstein%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Enqing%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hou%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nate%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hough-Snee%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Knut%20Anders%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hovstad%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tomoaki%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ichie%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Boris%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Igi%5Cu0107%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Estela%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Illa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marney%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Isaac%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Masae%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ishihara%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Leonid%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ivanov%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Larissa%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ivanova%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Colleen%20M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Iversen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jordi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Izquierdo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Robert%20B%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jackson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Benjamin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jackson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Herv%5Cu00e9%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jactel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrzej%20M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jagodzinski%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ute%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jandt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Steven%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jansen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thomas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jenkins%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anke%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jentsch%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jens%20Rasmus%20Plantener%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jespersen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Guo-Feng%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jiang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jesper%20Liengaard%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Johansen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Johnson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eric%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jokela%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Carlos%20Alfredo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Joly%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gregory%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jordan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Grant%20Stuart%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Joseph%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Decky%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Junaedi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Robert%20R%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Junker%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eric%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Justes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Richard%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kabzems%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jeffrey%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kane%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Zdenek%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kaplan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Teja%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kattenborn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lyudmila%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kavelenova%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elizabeth%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kearsley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anne%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kempel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tanaka%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kenzo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kerkhoff%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mohammed%20I%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Khalil%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicole%20L%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kinlock%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wilm%20Daniel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kissling%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kaoru%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kitajima%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thomas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kitzberger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rasmus%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kj%5Cu00f8ller%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tamir%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Klein%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kleyer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jitka%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Klime%5Cu0161ov%5Cu00e1%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joice%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Klipel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Brian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kloeppel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stefan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Klotz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Johannes%20M%20H%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Knops%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Takashi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kohyama%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fumito%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Koike%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Johannes%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kollmann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Benjamin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Komac%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kimberly%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Komatsu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22K%5Cu00f6nig%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nathan%20J%20B%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kraft%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Koen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kramer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Holger%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kreft%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ingolf%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22K%5Cu00fchn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dushan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kumarathunge%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jonas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kuppler%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hiroko%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kurokawa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yoko%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kurosawa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Shem%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kuyah%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean-Paul%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Laclau%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Benoit%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lafleur%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Erik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lallai%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eric%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lamb%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrea%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lamprecht%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Daniel%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Larkin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Daniel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Laughlin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yoann%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Le%20Bagousse-Pinguet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Guerric%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22le%20Maire%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%20C%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22le%20Roux%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elizabeth%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22le%20Roux%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tali%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lee%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Frederic%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lens%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Simon%20L%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lewis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Barbara%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lhotsky%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yuanzhi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Li%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Xine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Li%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jeremy%20W%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lichstein%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mario%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Liebergesell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jun%20Ying%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lim%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yan-Shih%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Juan%20Carlos%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Linares%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chunjiang%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Liu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Daijun%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Liu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Udayangani%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Liu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stuart%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Livingstone%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Llusi%5Cu00e0%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Madelon%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lohbeck%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%5Cu00c1lvaro%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22L%5Cu00f3pez-Garc%5Cu00eda%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gabriela%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lopez-Gonzalez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Zde%5Cu0148ka%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lososov%5Cu00e1%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fr%5Cu00e9d%5Cu00e9rique%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Louault%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bal%5Cu00e1zs%20A%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Luk%5Cu00e1cs%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Petr%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Luke%5Cu0161%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yunjian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Luo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michele%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lussu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Siyan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ma%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Camilla%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maciel%20Rabelo%20Pereira%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michelle%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mack%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Vincent%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maire%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Annikki%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22M%5Cu00e4kel%5Cu00e4%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Harri%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22M%5Cu00e4kinen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ana%20Claudia%20Mendes%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Malhado%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Azim%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mallik%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Manning%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stefano%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Manzoni%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Zuleica%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Marchetti%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Luca%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Marchino%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Vinicius%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Marcilio-Silva%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eric%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Marcon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michela%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Marignani%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lars%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Markesteijn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adam%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Martin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cristina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mart%5Cu00ednez-Garza%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jordi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mart%5Cu00ednez-Vilalta%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tereza%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ma%5Cu0161kov%5Cu00e1%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kelly%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mason%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Norman%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mason%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tara%20Joy%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Massad%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jacynthe%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Masse%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Itay%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mayrose%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22James%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McCarthy%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M%20Luke%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McCormack%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Katherine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McCulloh%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ian%20R%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McFadden%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Brian%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McGill%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mara%20Y%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McPartland%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Juliana%20S%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Medeiros%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Belinda%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Medlyn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pierre%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Meerts%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Zia%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mehrabi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Patrick%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Meir%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Felipe%20P%20L%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Melo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Maurizio%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mencuccini%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C%5Cu00e9line%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Meredieu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Julie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Messier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ilona%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22M%5Cu00e9sz%5Cu00e1ros%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Juha%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Metsaranta%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sean%20T%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Michaletz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chrysanthi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Michelaki%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Svetlana%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Migalina%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ruben%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Milla%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jesse%20E%20D%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Miller%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Vanessa%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Minden%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ray%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ming%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Karel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mokany%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Angela%20T%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moles%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Attila%2C%205th%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moln%5Cu00e1r%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jane%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Molofsky%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Molz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rebecca%20A%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Montgomery%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Arnaud%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Monty%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lenka%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moravcov%5Cu00e1%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alvaro%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moreno-Mart%5Cu00ednez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marco%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moretti%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Akira%20S%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mori%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Shigeta%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mori%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dave%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Morris%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jane%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Morrison%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ladislav%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mucina%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sandra%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mueller%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christopher%20D%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Muir%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sandra%20Cristina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22M%5Cu00fcller%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fran%5Cu00e7ois%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Munoz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Isla%20H%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Myers-Smith%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Randall%20W%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Myster%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Masahiro%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nagano%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Shawna%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Naidu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ayyappan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Narayanan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Balachandran%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Natesan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Luka%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Negoita%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%20S%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nelson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eike%20Lena%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Neuschulz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ni%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Georg%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Niedrist%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jhon%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nieto%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%5Cu00dclo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Niinemets%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rachael%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nolan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Henning%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nottebrock%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yann%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nouvellon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alexander%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Novakovskiy%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Nutrient%20Network%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kristin%20Odden%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nystuen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anthony%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22O%27Grady%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kevin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22O%27Hara%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22O%27Reilly-Nugent%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Simon%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Oakley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Walter%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Oberhuber%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Toshiyuki%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ohtsuka%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ricardo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Oliveira%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kinga%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22%5Cu00d6llerer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mark%20E%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Olson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Vladimir%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Onipchenko%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yusuke%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Onoda%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Renske%20E%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Onstein%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jenny%20C%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ordonez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Noriyuki%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Osada%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ivika%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ostonen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gianluigi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ottaviani%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sarah%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Otto%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gerhard%20E%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Overbeck%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wim%20A%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ozinga%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anna%20T%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pahl%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C%20E%20Timothy%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Paine%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Robin%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pakeman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Aristotelis%20C%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Papageorgiou%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Evgeniya%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Parfionova%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Meelis%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22P%5Cu00e4rtel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marco%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Patacca%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Susana%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Paula%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Juraj%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Paule%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Harald%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pauli%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Juli%20G%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pausas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bego%5Cu00f1a%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Peco%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Josep%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Penuelas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Antonio%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Perea%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pablo%20Luis%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Peri%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ana%20Carolina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Petisco-Souza%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alessandro%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Petraglia%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Any%20Mary%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Petritan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Oliver%20L%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Phillips%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Simon%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pierce%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Val%5Cu00e9rio%20D%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pillar%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pisek%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alexandr%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pomogaybin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hendrik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Poorter%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Angelika%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Portsmuth%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Poschlod%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Catherine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Potvin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Devon%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pounds%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A%20Shafer%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Powell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sally%20A%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Power%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andreas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Prinzing%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Giacomo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Puglielli%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Petr%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Py%5Cu0161ek%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Valerie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Raevel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anja%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rammig%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Johannes%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ransijn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Courtenay%20A%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ray%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%20B%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Reich%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Markus%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Reichstein%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Douglas%20E%20B%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Reid%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Maxime%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22R%5Cu00e9jou-M%5Cu00e9chain%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Victor%20Resco%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22de%20Dios%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sabina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ribeiro%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sarah%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Richardson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kersti%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Riibak%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Matthias%20C%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rillig%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fiamma%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Riviera%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elisabeth%20M%20R%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Robert%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Scott%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roberts%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bjorn%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Robroek%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adam%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roddy%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Arthur%20Vinicius%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rodrigues%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alistair%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rogers%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Emily%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rollinson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Victor%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rolo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22R%5Cu00f6mermann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ronzhina%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christiane%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roscher%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Julieta%20A%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rosell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Milena%20Fermina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rosenfield%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rossi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20B%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roy%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Samuel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Royer-Tardif%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nadja%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22R%5Cu00fcger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ricardo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ruiz-Peinado%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sabine%20B%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rumpf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Graciela%20M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rusch%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Masahiro%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ryo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lawren%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sack%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Angela%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Salda%5Cu00f1a%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Beatriz%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Salgado-Negret%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Roberto%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Salguero-Gomez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ignacio%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Santa-Regina%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ana%20Carolina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Santacruz-Garc%5Cu00eda%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joaquim%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Santos%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jordi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sardans%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Brandon%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schamp%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Scherer-Lorenzen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Matthias%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schleuning%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bernhard%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schmid%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marco%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schmidt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sylvain%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schmitt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Julio%20V%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schneider%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Simon%20D%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schowanek%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Julian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schrader%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Franziska%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schrodt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bernhard%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schuldt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Frank%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schurr%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Galia%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Selaya%20Garvizu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Semchenko%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Colleen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Seymour%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Julia%20C%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sfair%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joanne%20M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sharpe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christine%20S%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sheppard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Serge%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sheremetiev%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Satomi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shiodera%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bill%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shipley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tanvir%20Ahmed%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shovon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alrun%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Siebenk%5Cu00e4s%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Carlos%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sierra%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Vasco%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Silva%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mateus%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Silva%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tommaso%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sitzia%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Henrik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sj%5Cu00f6man%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martijn%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Slot%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicholas%20G%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Smith%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Darwin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sodhi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pamela%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Soltis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Douglas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Soltis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ben%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Somers%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gr%5Cu00e9gory%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sonnier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mia%20Vedel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22S%5Cu00f8rensen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Enio%20Egon%2C%20Jr%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sosinski%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nadejda%20A%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Soudzilovskaia%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alexandre%20F%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Souza%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marko%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Spasojevic%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marta%20Gaia%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sperandii%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Amanda%20B%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22James%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stegen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Klaus%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Steinbauer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J%5Cu00f6rg%20G%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stephan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Frank%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sterck%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dejan%20B%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stojanovic%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tanya%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Strydom%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Maria%20Laura%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Suarez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jens-Christian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Svenning%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ivana%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Svitkov%5Cu00e1%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marek%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Svitok%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Miroslav%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Svoboda%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Emily%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Swaine%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nathan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Swenson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marcelo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tabarelli%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kentaro%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Takagi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ulrike%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tappeiner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rub%5Cu00e9n%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tarifa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Simon%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tauugourdeau%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cagatay%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tavsanoglu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mariska%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Te%20Beest%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Leho%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tedersoo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nelson%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thiffault%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dominik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thom%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Evert%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thomas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ken%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thompson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%20E%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thornton%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wilfried%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thuiller%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lubom%5Cu00edr%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tich%5Cu00fd%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tissue%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mark%20G%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tjoelker%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20Yue%20Phin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tng%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joseph%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tobias%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P%5Cu00e9ter%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22T%5Cu00f6r%5Cu00f6k%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tonantzin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tarin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jos%5Cu00e9%20M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Torres-Ruiz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B%5Cu00e9la%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22T%5Cu00f3thm%5Cu00e9r%5Cu00e9sz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Treurnicht%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Valeria%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Trivellone%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Franck%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Trolliet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Volodymyr%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Trotsiuk%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22James%20L%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tsakalos%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ioannis%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tsiripidis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Niklas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tysklind%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Toru%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Umehara%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Vladimir%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Usoltsev%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Matthew%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vadeboncoeur%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jamil%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vaezi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fernando%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Valladares%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jana%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vamosi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%20M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22van%20Bodegom%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michiel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22van%20Breugel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elisa%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Van%20Cleemput%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22van%20de%20Weg%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stephni%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22van%20der%20Merwe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fons%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22van%20der%20Plas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Masha%20T%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22van%20der%20Sande%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mark%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22van%20Kleunen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Koenraad%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Van%20Meerbeek%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mark%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vanderwel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kim%20Andr%5Cu00e9%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vanselow%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Angelica%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22V%5Cu00e5rhammar%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Laura%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Varone%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Maribel%20Yesenia%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vasquez%20Valderrama%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kiril%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vassilev%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mark%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vellend%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Erik%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Veneklaas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hans%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Verbeeck%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kris%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Verheyen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alexander%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vibrans%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ima%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vieira%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jaime%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Villac%5Cu00eds%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cyrille%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Violle%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pandi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vivek%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Katrin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wagner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Matthew%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Waldram%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anthony%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Waldron%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anthony%20P%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Walker%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martyn%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Waller%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gabriel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Walther%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Han%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Feng%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Weiqi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Harry%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Watkins%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22James%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Watkins%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ulrich%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Weber%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22James%20T%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Weedon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Liping%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wei%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Patrick%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Weigelt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Evan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Weiher%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Aidan%20W%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wells%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Camilla%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wellstein%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elizabeth%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wenk%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mark%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Westoby%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alana%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Westwood%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Philip%20John%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22White%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mark%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Whitten%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mathew%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Williams%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Daniel%20E%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Winkler%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Klaus%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Winter%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chevonne%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Womack%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ian%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wright%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S%20Joseph%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wright%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Justin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wright%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bruno%20X%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pinho%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fabiano%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ximenes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Toshihiro%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yamada%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Keiko%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yamaji%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ruth%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yanai%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nikolay%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yankov%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Benjamin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yguel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K%5Cu00e1tia%20Janaina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zanini%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Amy%20E%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zanne%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zelen%5Cu00fd%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yun-Peng%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zhao%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jingming%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zheng%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ji%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zheng%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kasia%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ziemi%5Cu0144ska%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chad%20R%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zirbel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Georg%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zizka%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Iri%5Cu00e9%20Casimir%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zo-Bi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gerhard%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zotz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wirth%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Plant%20traits-the%20morphological%2C%20anatomical%2C%20physiological%2C%20biochemical%20and%5Cnphenological%20characteristics%20of%20plants-determine%20how%20plants%20respond%20to%5Cnenvironmental%20factors%2C%20affect%20other%20trophic%20levels%2C%20and%20influence%5Cnecosystem%20properties%20and%20their%20benefits%20and%20detriments%20to%20people.%20Plant%5Cntrait%20data%20thus%20represent%20the%20basis%20for%20a%20vast%20area%20of%20research%20spanning%5Cnfrom%20evolutionary%20biology%2C%20community%20and%20functional%20ecology%2C%20to%5Cnbiodiversity%20conservation%2C%20ecosystem%20and%20landscape%20management%2C%5Cnrestoration%2C%20biogeography%20and%20earth%20system%20modelling.%20Since%20its%20foundation%5Cnin%202007%2C%20the%20TRY%20database%20of%20plant%20traits%20has%20grown%20continuously.%20It%20now%5Cnprovides%20unprecedented%20data%20coverage%20under%20an%20open%20access%20data%20policy%20and%5Cnis%20the%20main%20plant%20trait%20database%20used%20by%20the%20research%20community%20worldwide.%5CnIncreasingly%2C%20the%20TRY%20database%20also%20supports%20new%20frontiers%20of%20trait-based%5Cnplant%20research%2C%20including%20the%20identification%20of%20data%20gaps%20and%20the%5Cnsubsequent%20mobilization%20or%20measurement%20of%20new%20data.%20To%20support%20this%5Cndevelopment%2C%20in%20this%20article%20we%20evaluate%20the%20extent%20of%20the%20trait%20data%5Cncompiled%20in%20TRY%20and%20analyse%20emerging%20patterns%20of%20data%20coverage%20and%5Cnrepresentativeness.%20Best%20species%20coverage%20is%20achieved%20for%20categorical%5Cntraits-almost%20complete%20coverage%20for%20%27plant%20growth%20form%27.%20However%2C%20most%5Cntraits%20relevant%20for%20ecology%20and%20vegetation%20modelling%20are%20characterized%20by%5Cncontinuous%20intraspecific%20variation%20and%20trait-environmental%20relationships.%5CnThese%20traits%20have%20to%20be%20measured%20on%20individual%20plants%20in%20their%20respective%5Cnenvironment.%20Despite%20unprecedented%20data%20coverage%2C%20we%20observe%20a%20humbling%5Cnlack%20of%20completeness%20and%20representativeness%20of%20these%20continuous%20traits%20in%5Cnmany%20aspects.%20We%2C%20therefore%2C%20conclude%20that%20reducing%20data%20gaps%20and%20biases%5Cnin%20the%20TRY%20database%20remains%20a%20key%20challenge%20and%20requires%20a%20coordinated%5Cnapproach%20to%20data%20mobilization%20and%20trait%20measurements.%20This%20can%20only%20be%5Cnachieved%20in%20collaboration%20with%20other%20initiatives.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22January%202020%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fgcb.14904%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221354-1013%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fgcb.14904%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22UUZBHCVC%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-10-22T11%3A16%3A30Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22S4LHYT88%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Kattge%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EKattge%2C%20J.%2C%20B%26%23xF6%3Bnisch%2C%20G.%2C%20D%26%23xED%3Baz%2C%20S.%2C%20Lavorel%2C%20S.%2C%20Prentice%2C%20I.%20C.%2C%20Leadley%2C%20P.%2C%20Tautenhahn%2C%20S.%2C%20Werner%2C%20G.%20D.%20A.%2C%20Aakala%2C%20T.%2C%20Abedi%2C%20M.%2C%20Acosta%2C%20A.%20T.%20R.%2C%20Adamidis%2C%20G.%20C.%2C%20Adamson%2C%20K.%2C%20Aiba%2C%20M.%2C%20Albert%2C%20C.%20H.%2C%20Alc%26%23xE1%3Bntara%2C%20J.%20M.%2C%20Alc%26%23xE1%3Bzar%20C%2C%20C.%2C%20Aleixo%2C%20I.%2C%20Ali%2C%20H.%2C%20%26%23×2026%3B%20Wirth%2C%20C.%20%282020%29.%20TRY%20plant%20trait%20database%20%26%23×2013%3B%20enhanced%20coverage%20and%20open%20access.%20%3Ci%3EGlobal%20Change%20Biology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E26%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%20119%26%23×2013%3B188.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fgcb.14904%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fgcb.14904%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DS4LHYT88%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22TRY%20plant%20trait%20database%20%5Cu2013%20enhanced%20coverage%20and%20open%20access%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jens%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kattge%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gerhard%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22B%5Cu00f6nisch%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sandra%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22D%5Cu00edaz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sandra%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lavorel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Iain%20Colin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Prentice%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paul%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Leadley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Susanne%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tautenhahn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gijsbert%20D.A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Werner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tuomas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Aakala%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mehdi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Abedi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alicia%20T.R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Acosta%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22George%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Adamidis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kairi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Adamson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Masahiro%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Aiba%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C%5Cu00e9cile%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Albert%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Julio%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Alc%5Cu00e1ntara%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Carolina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Alc%5Cu00e1zar%20C%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Izabela%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Aleixo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hamada%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ali%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bernard%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Amiaud%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ammer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mariano%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Amoroso%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Madhur%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Anand%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Carolyn%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Anderson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Niels%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Anten%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joseph%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Antos%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Deborah%20Mattos%20Guimar%5Cu00e3es%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Apgaua%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tia%20Lynn%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ashman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Degi%20Harja%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Asmara%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gregory%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Asner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Aspinwall%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Owen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Atkin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Isabelle%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Aubin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lars%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Baastrup-Spohr%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Khadijeh%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bahalkeh%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bahn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Timothy%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Baker%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Baker%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jan%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bakker%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dennis%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Baldocchi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jennifer%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Baltzer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Arindam%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Banerjee%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anne%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Baranger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jos%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Barlow%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Diego%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Barneche%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Zdravko%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Baruch%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Denis%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bastianelli%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Battles%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bauerle%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marijn%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bauters%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Erika%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bazzato%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Beckmann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hans%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Beeckman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Carl%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Beierkuhnlein%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Renee%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bekker%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gavin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Belfry%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Belluau%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mirela%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Beloiu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Raquel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benavides%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lahcen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benomar%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mary%20Lee%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Berdugo-Lattke%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Erika%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Berenguer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rodrigo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bergamin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joana%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bergmann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marcos%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bergmann%20Carlucci%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Logan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Berner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Markus%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bernhardt-R%5Cu00f6mermann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christof%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bigler%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anne%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bjorkman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chris%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Blackman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Carolina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Blanco%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Benjamin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Blonder%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dana%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Blumenthal%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kelly%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bocanegra-Gonz%5Cu00e1lez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pascal%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Boeckx%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stephanie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bohlman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Katrin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22B%5Cu00f6hning-Gaese%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Laura%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Boisvert-Marsh%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bond%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ben%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bond-Lamberty%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Arnoud%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Boom%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Coline%20C.F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Boonman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kauane%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bordin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elizabeth%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Boughton%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Vanessa%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Boukili%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20M.J.S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bowman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sandra%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bravo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marco%20Richard%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Brendel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martin%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Broadley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kerry%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Brown%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Helge%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bruelheide%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Federico%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Brumnich%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hans%20Henrik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bruun%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bruy%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Serra%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Buchanan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Solveig%20Franziska%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bucher%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Buchmann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Robert%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Buitenwerf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Daniel%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bunker%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jana%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22B%5Cu00fcrger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sabina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Burrascano%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20F.R.P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Burslem%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bradley%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Butterfield%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chaeho%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Byun%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marcia%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Marques%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marina%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Scalon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marco%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Caccianiga%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marc%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cadotte%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Maxime%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cailleret%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22James%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Camac%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jes%5Cu00fas%20Julio%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Camarero%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Courtney%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Campany%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Giandiego%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Campetella%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Juan%20Antonio%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Campos%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Laura%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cano-Arboleda%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Roberto%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Canullo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michele%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Carbognani%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fabio%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Carvalho%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fernando%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Casanoves%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bastien%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Castagneyrol%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jane%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Catford%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jeannine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cavender-Bares%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bruno%20E.L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cerabolini%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marco%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cervellini%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eduardo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chac%5Cu00f3n-Madrigal%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kenneth%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chapin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22F.%20Stuart%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chapin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stefano%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chelli%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Si%20Chong%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anping%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paolo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cherubini%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Francesco%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chianucci%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Brendan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Choat%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kyong%20Sook%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chung%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Milan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chytr%5Cu00fd%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Daniela%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ciccarelli%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Llu%5Cu00eds%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Coll%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Courtney%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Collins%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Luisa%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Conti%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Coomes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Johannes%20H.C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cornelissen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cornwell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Piermaria%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Corona%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Coyea%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joseph%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Craine%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dylan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Craven%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joris%20P.G.M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cromsigt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anik%5Cu00f3%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Csecserits%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Katarina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cufar%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Matthias%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cuntz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ana%20Carolina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22da%20Silva%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kyla%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dahlin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Matteo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dainese%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Igor%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dalke%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michele%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dalle%20Fratte%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anh%20Tuan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dang-Le%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jir%5Cu00ed%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Danihelka%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Masako%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dannoura%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Samantha%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dawson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Arend%20Jacobus%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22de%20Beer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Angel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22De%20Frutos%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jonathan%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22De%20Long%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Benjamin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dechant%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sylvain%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Delagrange%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicolas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Delpierre%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G%5Cu00e9raldine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Derroire%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Arildo%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dias%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Milton%20Hugo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Diaz-Toribio%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Panayiotis%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dimitrakopoulos%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mark%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dobrowolski%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Daniel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Doktor%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pavel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22D%5Cu0159evojan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ning%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dong%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dransfield%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stefan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dressler%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Leandro%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Duarte%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Emilie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ducouret%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stefan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dullinger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Walter%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Durka%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Remko%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Duursma%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Olga%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dymova%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anna%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22E-Vojtk%5Cu00f3%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rolf%20Lutz%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Eckstein%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hamid%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ejtehadi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22James%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Elser%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thaise%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Emilio%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kristine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Engemann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mohammad%20Bagher%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Erfanian%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alexandra%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Erfmeier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adriane%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Esquivel-Muelbert%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gerd%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Esser%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marc%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Estiarte%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tomas%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Domingues%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fagan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jaime%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fag%5Cu00fandez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Daniel%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Falster%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ying%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jingyun%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Emmanuele%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Farris%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fatih%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fazlioglu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yanhao%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Feng%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fernando%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fernandez-Mendez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Carlotta%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ferrara%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joice%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ferreira%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alessandra%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fidelis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bryan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Finegan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jennifer%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Firn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Timothy%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Flowers%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dan%20F.B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Flynn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Veronika%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fontana%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Estelle%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Forey%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cristiane%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Forgiarini%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Louis%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fran%5Cu00e7ois%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marcelo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Frangipani%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dorothea%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Frank%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cedric%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Frenette-Dussault%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gr%5Cu00e9goire%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Freschet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ellen%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fry%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nikolaos%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fyllas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Guilherme%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mazzochini%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sophie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gachet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rachael%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gallagher%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gislene%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ganade%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Francesca%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ganga%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pablo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Garc%5Cu00eda-Palacios%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ver%5Cu00f3nica%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gargaglione%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eric%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Garnier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jose%20Luis%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Garrido%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andr%5Cu00e9%20Lu%5Cu00eds%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22de%20Gasper%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Guillermo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gea-Izquierdo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gibson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%20N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gillison%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Aelton%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Giroldo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mary%20Claire%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Glasenhardt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sean%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gleason%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mariana%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gliesch%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Emma%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Goldberg%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bastian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22G%5Cu00f6ldel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Erika%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gonzalez-Akre%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jose%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gonzalez-Andujar%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andr%5Cu00e9s%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gonz%5Cu00e1lez-Melo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ana%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gonz%5Cu00e1lez-Robles%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bente%20Jessen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Graae%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elena%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Granda%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sarah%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Graves%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Walton%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Green%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thomas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gregor%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicolas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gross%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Greg%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Guerin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Angela%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22G%5Cu00fcnther%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alvaro%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Guti%5Cu00e9rrez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lillie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Haddock%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anna%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Haines%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jefferson%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hall%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alain%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hambuckers%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wenxuan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Han%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sandy%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Harrison%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wesley%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hattingh%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joseph%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hawes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tianhua%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22He%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pengcheng%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22He%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jacob%20Mason%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Heberling%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Aveliina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Helm%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stefan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hempel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J%5Cu00f6rn%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hentschel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bruno%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22H%5Cu00e9rault%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ana%20Maria%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Here%5Cu015f%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Katharina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Herz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Myriam%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Heuertz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thomas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hickler%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hietz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pedro%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Higuchi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hipp%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hirons%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Maria%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hock%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22James%20Aaron%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hogan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Karen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Holl%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Olivier%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Honnay%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Daniel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hornstein%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Enqing%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hou%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nate%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hough-Snee%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Knut%20Anders%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hovstad%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tomoaki%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ichie%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Boris%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Igi%5Cu0107%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Estela%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Illa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marney%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Isaac%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Masae%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ishihara%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Leonid%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ivanov%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Larissa%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ivanova%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Colleen%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Iversen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jordi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Izquierdo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Robert%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jackson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Benjamin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jackson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Herv%5Cu00e9%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jactel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrzej%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jagodzinski%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ute%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jandt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Steven%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jansen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thomas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jenkins%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anke%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jentsch%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jens%20Rasmus%20Plantener%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jespersen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Guo%20Feng%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jiang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jesper%20Liengaard%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Johansen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Johnson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eric%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jokela%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Carlos%20Alfredo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Joly%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gregory%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jordan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Grant%20Stuart%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Joseph%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Decky%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Junaedi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Robert%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Junker%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eric%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Justes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Richard%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kabzems%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jeffrey%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kane%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Zdenek%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kaplan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Teja%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kattenborn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lyudmila%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kavelenova%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elizabeth%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kearsley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anne%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kempel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tanaka%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kenzo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kerkhoff%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mohammed%20I.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Khalil%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicole%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kinlock%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wilm%20Daniel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kissling%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kaoru%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kitajima%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thomas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kitzberger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rasmus%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kj%5Cu00f8ller%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tamir%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Klein%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kleyer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jitka%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Klime%5Cu0161ov%5Cu00e1%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joice%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Klipel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Brian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kloeppel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stefan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Klotz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Johannes%20M.H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Knops%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Takashi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kohyama%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fumito%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Koike%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Johannes%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kollmann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Benjamin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Komac%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kimberly%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Komatsu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22K%5Cu00f6nig%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nathan%20J.B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kraft%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Koen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kramer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Holger%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kreft%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ingolf%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22K%5Cu00fchn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dushan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kumarathunge%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jonas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kuppler%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hiroko%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kurokawa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yoko%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kurosawa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Shem%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kuyah%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean%20Paul%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Laclau%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Benoit%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lafleur%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Erik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lallai%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eric%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lamb%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrea%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lamprecht%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Daniel%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Larkin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Daniel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Laughlin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yoann%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Le%20Bagousse-Pinguet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Guerric%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22le%20Maire%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22le%20Roux%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elizabeth%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22le%20Roux%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tali%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lee%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Frederic%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lens%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Simon%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lewis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Barbara%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lhotsky%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yuanzhi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Li%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Xine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Li%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jeremy%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lichstein%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mario%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Liebergesell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jun%20Ying%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lim%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yan%20Shih%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Juan%20Carlos%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Linares%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chunjiang%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Liu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Daijun%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Liu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Udayangani%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Liu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stuart%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Livingstone%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Llusi%5Cu00e0%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Madelon%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lohbeck%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%5Cu00c1lvaro%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22L%5Cu00f3pez-Garc%5Cu00eda%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gabriela%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lopez-Gonzalez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Zde%5Cu0148ka%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lososov%5Cu00e1%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fr%5Cu00e9d%5Cu00e9rique%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Louault%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bal%5Cu00e1zs%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Luk%5Cu00e1cs%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Petr%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Luke%5Cu0161%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yunjian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Luo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michele%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lussu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Siyan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ma%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Camilla%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maciel%20Rabelo%20Pereira%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michelle%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mack%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Vincent%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maire%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Annikki%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22M%5Cu00e4kel%5Cu00e4%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Harri%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22M%5Cu00e4kinen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ana%20Claudia%20Mendes%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Malhado%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Azim%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mallik%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Manning%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stefano%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Manzoni%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Zuleica%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Marchetti%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Luca%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Marchino%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Vinicius%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Marcilio-Silva%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eric%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Marcon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michela%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Marignani%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lars%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Markesteijn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adam%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Martin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cristina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mart%5Cu00ednez-Garza%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jordi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mart%5Cu00ednez-Vilalta%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tereza%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ma%5Cu0161kov%5Cu00e1%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kelly%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mason%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Norman%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mason%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tara%20Joy%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Massad%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jacynthe%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Masse%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Itay%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mayrose%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22James%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McCarthy%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20Luke%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McCormack%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Katherine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McCulloh%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ian%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McFadden%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Brian%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McGill%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mara%20Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McPartland%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Juliana%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Medeiros%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Belinda%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Medlyn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pierre%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Meerts%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Zia%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mehrabi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Patrick%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Meir%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Felipe%20P.L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Melo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Maurizio%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mencuccini%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C%5Cu00e9line%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Meredieu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Julie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Messier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ilona%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22M%5Cu00e9sz%5Cu00e1ros%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Juha%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Metsaranta%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sean%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Michaletz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chrysanthi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Michelaki%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Svetlana%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Migalina%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ruben%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Milla%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jesse%20E.D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Miller%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Vanessa%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Minden%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ray%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ming%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Karel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mokany%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Angela%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moles%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Attila%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moln%5Cu00e1r%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jane%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Molofsky%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Molz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rebecca%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Montgomery%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Arnaud%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Monty%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lenka%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moravcov%5Cu00e1%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alvaro%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moreno-Mart%5Cu00ednez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marco%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moretti%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Akira%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mori%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Shigeta%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mori%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dave%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Morris%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jane%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Morrison%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ladislav%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mucina%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sandra%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mueller%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christopher%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Muir%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sandra%20Cristina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22M%5Cu00fcller%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fran%5Cu00e7ois%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Munoz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Isla%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Myers-Smith%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Randall%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Myster%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Masahiro%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nagano%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Shawna%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Naidu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ayyappan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Narayanan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Balachandran%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Natesan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Luka%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Negoita%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nelson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eike%20Lena%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Neuschulz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ni%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Georg%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Niedrist%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jhon%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nieto%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%5Cu00dclo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Niinemets%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rachael%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nolan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Henning%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nottebrock%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yann%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nouvellon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alexander%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Novakovskiy%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kristin%20Odden%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nystuen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anthony%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22O%27Grady%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kevin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22O%27Hara%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22O%27Reilly-Nugent%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Simon%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Oakley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Walter%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Oberhuber%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Toshiyuki%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ohtsuka%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ricardo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Oliveira%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kinga%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22%5Cu00d6llerer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mark%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Olson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Vladimir%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Onipchenko%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yusuke%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Onoda%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Renske%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Onstein%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jenny%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ordonez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Noriyuki%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Osada%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ivika%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ostonen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gianluigi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ottaviani%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sarah%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Otto%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gerhard%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Overbeck%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wim%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ozinga%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anna%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pahl%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20E.Timothy%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Paine%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Robin%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pakeman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Aristotelis%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Papageorgiou%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Evgeniya%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Parfionova%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Meelis%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22P%5Cu00e4rtel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marco%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Patacca%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Susana%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Paula%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Juraj%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Paule%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Harald%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pauli%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Juli%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pausas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bego%5Cu00f1a%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Peco%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Josep%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Penuelas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Antonio%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Perea%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pablo%20Luis%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Peri%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ana%20Carolina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Petisco-Souza%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alessandro%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Petraglia%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Any%20Mary%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Petritan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Oliver%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Phillips%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Simon%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pierce%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Val%5Cu00e9rio%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pillar%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pisek%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alexandr%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pomogaybin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hendrik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Poorter%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Angelika%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Portsmuth%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Poschlod%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Catherine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Potvin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Devon%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pounds%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20Shafer%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Powell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sally%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Power%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andreas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Prinzing%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Giacomo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Puglielli%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Petr%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Py%5Cu0161ek%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Valerie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Raevel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anja%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rammig%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Johannes%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ransijn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Courtenay%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ray%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Reich%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Markus%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Reichstein%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Douglas%20E.B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Reid%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Maxime%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22R%5Cu00e9jou-M%5Cu00e9chain%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Victor%20Resco%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22de%20Dios%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sabina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ribeiro%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sarah%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Richardson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kersti%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Riibak%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Matthias%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rillig%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fiamma%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Riviera%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elisabeth%20M.R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Robert%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Scott%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roberts%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bjorn%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Robroek%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adam%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roddy%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Arthur%20Vinicius%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rodrigues%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alistair%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rogers%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Emily%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rollinson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Victor%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rolo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22R%5Cu00f6mermann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ronzhina%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christiane%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roscher%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Julieta%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rosell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Milena%20Fermina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rosenfield%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rossi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roy%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Samuel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Royer-Tardif%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nadja%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22R%5Cu00fcger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ricardo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ruiz-Peinado%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sabine%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rumpf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Graciela%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rusch%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Masahiro%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ryo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lawren%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sack%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Angela%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Salda%5Cu00f1a%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Beatriz%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Salgado-Negret%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Roberto%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Salguero-Gomez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ignacio%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Santa-Regina%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ana%20Carolina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Santacruz-Garc%5Cu00eda%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joaquim%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Santos%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jordi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sardans%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Brandon%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schamp%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Scherer-Lorenzen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Matthias%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schleuning%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bernhard%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schmid%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marco%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schmidt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sylvain%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schmitt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Julio%20V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schneider%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Simon%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schowanek%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Julian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schrader%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Franziska%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schrodt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bernhard%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schuldt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Frank%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schurr%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Galia%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Selaya%20Garvizu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Semchenko%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Colleen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Seymour%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Julia%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sfair%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joanne%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sharpe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christine%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sheppard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Serge%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sheremetiev%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Satomi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shiodera%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bill%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shipley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tanvir%20Ahmed%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shovon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alrun%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Siebenk%5Cu00e4s%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Carlos%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sierra%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Vasco%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Silva%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mateus%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Silva%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tommaso%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sitzia%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Henrik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sj%5Cu00f6man%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martijn%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Slot%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicholas%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Smith%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Darwin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sodhi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pamela%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Soltis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Douglas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Soltis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ben%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Somers%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gr%5Cu00e9gory%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sonnier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mia%20Vedel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22S%5Cu00f8rensen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Enio%20Egon%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sosinski%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nadejda%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Soudzilovskaia%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alexandre%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Souza%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marko%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Spasojevic%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marta%20Gaia%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sperandii%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Amanda%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22James%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stegen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Klaus%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Steinbauer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J%5Cu00f6rg%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stephan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Frank%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sterck%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dejan%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stojanovic%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tanya%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Strydom%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Maria%20Laura%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Suarez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jens%20Christian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Svenning%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ivana%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Svitkov%5Cu00e1%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marek%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Svitok%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Miroslav%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Svoboda%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Emily%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Swaine%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nathan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Swenson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marcelo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tabarelli%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kentaro%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Takagi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ulrike%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tappeiner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rub%5Cu00e9n%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tarifa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Simon%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tauugourdeau%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cagatay%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tavsanoglu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mariska%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22te%20Beest%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Leho%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tedersoo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nelson%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thiffault%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dominik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thom%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Evert%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thomas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ken%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thompson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thornton%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wilfried%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thuiller%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lubom%5Cu00edr%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tich%5Cu00fd%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tissue%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mark%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tjoelker%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20Yue%20Phin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tng%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joseph%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tobias%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P%5Cu00e9ter%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22T%5Cu00f6r%5Cu00f6k%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tonantzin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tarin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jos%5Cu00e9%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Torres-Ruiz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B%5Cu00e9la%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22T%5Cu00f3thm%5Cu00e9r%5Cu00e9sz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Treurnicht%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Valeria%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Trivellone%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Franck%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Trolliet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Volodymyr%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Trotsiuk%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22James%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tsakalos%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ioannis%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tsiripidis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Niklas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tysklind%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Toru%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Umehara%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Vladimir%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Usoltsev%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Matthew%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vadeboncoeur%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jamil%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vaezi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fernando%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Valladares%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jana%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vamosi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22van%20Bodegom%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michiel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22van%20Breugel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elisa%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Van%20Cleemput%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22van%20de%20Weg%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stephni%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22van%20der%20Merwe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fons%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22van%20der%20Plas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Masha%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22van%20der%20Sande%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mark%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22van%20Kleunen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Koenraad%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Van%20Meerbeek%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mark%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vanderwel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kim%20Andr%5Cu00e9%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vanselow%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Angelica%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22V%5Cu00e5rhammar%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Laura%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Varone%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Maribel%20Yesenia%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vasquez%20Valderrama%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kiril%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vassilev%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mark%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vellend%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Erik%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Veneklaas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hans%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Verbeeck%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kris%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Verheyen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alexander%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vibrans%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ima%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vieira%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jaime%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Villac%5Cu00eds%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cyrille%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Violle%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pandi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vivek%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Katrin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wagner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Matthew%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Waldram%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anthony%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Waldron%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anthony%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Walker%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martyn%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Waller%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gabriel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Walther%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Han%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Feng%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Weiqi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Harry%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Watkins%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22James%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Watkins%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ulrich%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Weber%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22James%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Weedon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Liping%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wei%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Patrick%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Weigelt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Evan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Weiher%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Aidan%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wells%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Camilla%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wellstein%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elizabeth%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wenk%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mark%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Westoby%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alana%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Westwood%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Philip%20John%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22White%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mark%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Whitten%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mathew%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Williams%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Daniel%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Winkler%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Klaus%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Winter%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chevonne%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Womack%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ian%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wright%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20Joseph%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wright%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Justin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wright%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bruno%20X.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pinho%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fabiano%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ximenes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Toshihiro%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yamada%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Keiko%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yamaji%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ruth%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yanai%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nikolay%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yankov%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Benjamin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yguel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K%5Cu00e1tia%20Janaina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zanini%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Amy%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zanne%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zelen%5Cu00fd%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yun%20Peng%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zhao%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jingming%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zheng%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ji%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zheng%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kasia%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ziemi%5Cu0144ska%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chad%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zirbel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Georg%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zizka%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Iri%5Cu00e9%20Casimir%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zo-Bi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gerhard%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zotz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wirth%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Plant%20traits%5Cu2014the%20morphological%2C%20anatomical%2C%20physiological%2C%20biochemical%20and%20phenological%20characteristics%20of%20plants%5Cu2014determine%20how%20plants%20respond%20to%20environmental%20factors%2C%20affect%20other%20trophic%20levels%2C%20and%20influence%20ecosystem%20properties%20and%20their%20benefits%20and%20detriments%20to%20people.%20Plant%20trait%20data%20thus%20represent%20the%20basis%20for%20a%20vast%20area%20of%20research%20spanning%20from%20evolutionary%20biology%2C%20community%20and%20functional%20ecology%2C%20to%20biodiversity%20conservation%2C%20ecosystem%20and%20landscape%20management%2C%20restoration%2C%20biogeography%20and%20earth%20system%20modelling.%20Since%20its%20foundation%20in%202007%2C%20the%20TRY%20database%20of%20plant%20traits%20has%20grown%20continuously.%20It%20now%20provides%20unprecedented%20data%20coverage%20under%20an%20open%20access%20data%20policy%20and%20is%20the%20main%20plant%20trait%20database%20used%20by%20the%20research%20community%20worldwide.%20Increasingly%2C%20the%20TRY%20database%20also%20supports%20new%20frontiers%20of%20trait-based%20plant%20research%2C%20including%20the%20identification%20of%20data%20gaps%20and%20the%20subsequent%20mobilization%20or%20measurement%20of%20new%20data.%20To%20support%20this%20development%2C%20in%20this%20article%20we%20evaluate%20the%20extent%20of%20the%20trait%20data%20compiled%20in%20TRY%20and%20analyse%20emerging%20patterns%20of%20data%20coverage%20and%20representativeness.%20Best%20species%20coverage%20is%20achieved%20for%20categorical%20traits%5Cu2014almost%20complete%20coverage%20for%20%5Cu2018plant%20growth%20form%27.%20However%2C%20most%20traits%20relevant%20for%20ecology%20and%20vegetation%20modelling%20are%20characterized%20by%20continuous%20intraspecific%20variation%20and%20trait%5Cu2013environmental%20relationships.%20These%20traits%20have%20to%20be%20measured%20on%20individual%20plants%20in%20their%20respective%20environment.%20Despite%20unprecedented%20data%20coverage%2C%20we%20observe%20a%20humbling%20lack%20of%20completeness%20and%20representativeness%20of%20these%20continuous%20traits%20in%20many%20aspects.%20We%2C%20therefore%2C%20conclude%20that%20reducing%20data%20gaps%20and%20biases%20in%20the%20TRY%20database%20remains%20a%20key%20challenge%20and%20requires%20a%20coordinated%20approach%20to%20data%20mobilization%20and%20trait%20measurements.%20This%20can%20only%20be%20achieved%20in%20collaboration%20with%20other%20initiatives.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fgcb.14904%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2213652486%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A08%3A35Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%223JN9MRUS%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Kremer-K%5Cu00f6hne%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EKremer-K%26%23xF6%3Bhne%2C%20S.%2C%20Harrison%2C%20J.%20duG%2C%20Thompson%2C%20D.%20I.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Witkowski%2C%20E.%20T.%20F.%20%282020%29.%20Arthropods%20associated%20with%20Aloe%20lettyae%2C%20an%20endangered%20South%20African%20Woodbush%20Granite%20Grassland%20Endemic.%20%3Ci%3EAfrican%20Entomology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E28%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%208%26%23×2013%3B18.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.4001%5C%2F003.028.0008%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.4001%5C%2F003.028.0008%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D3JN9MRUS%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Arthropods%20associated%20with%20Aloe%20lettyae%2C%20an%20endangered%20South%20African%20Woodbush%20Granite%20Grassland%20Endemic%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sylvie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kremer-K%5Cu00f6hne%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22James%20duG%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Harrison%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dave%20I%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thompson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ed%20T.F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Witkowski%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Investigations%20into%20arthropod%5Cu2013aloe%20associations%20are%20focused%20mostly%20on%20aloe%20pollination%20and%20on%20aloe%20pests%2C%20while%20little%20is%20known%20about%20other%20ecological%20aspects%20of%20these%20associations.%20During%20a%20broader%20ecological%20study%20on%20the%20summer-flowering%20grassland%20endemic%20Aloe%20lettyae%2C%5Cnwe%20documented%20evidence%20of%20two%20arachnid%5Cu2013aloe%20interactions%20and%2013%20insect%20taxa%20occurring%20on%20or%20in%20parts%20of%20A.%20lettyae%20plants%20%28n%3D1084%29%20in%20a%20representative%20sample%20of%20seven%20A.%20lettyae%20populations.%20Our%20data%20suggest%20that%2C%20of%20the%20insects%20observed%2C%20only%20honeybees%20play%20a%20part%20in%20A.%20lettyae%20pollination%2C%20while%20the%20other%20insect%20species%20were%20either%20visiting%20or%20feeding%20on%20A.%20lettyae%20reproductive%5Cnplant%20parts.%20This%20paper%20presents%20additional%20records%20of%20an%20herbivorous%20insect%5Cu2013aloe%20interaction%20for%20the%20cerambycid%20beetle%20Nemotragus%20helvolus%20and%20the%20drosophilid%20fly%20Apenthecia%20cf.%20crassiseta%2C%20and%20documents%20the%20parasitoid%20wasp%20Afrostilba%20sp.%20associated%20with%20the%20latter.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22doi.org%5C%2F10.4001%5C%2F003.028.0008%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%228VPML3VD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-06-22T08%3A46%3A19Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22AUBP4NMS%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A7278126%2C%22username%22%3A%22drdavethompson%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fdrdavethompson%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Kremer-K%5Cu00f6hne%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EKremer-K%26%23xF6%3Bhne%2C%20S.%2C%20Witkowski%2C%20E.%20T.%20F.%2C%20Steffens%2C%20F.%20E.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Thompson%2C%20D.%20I.%20%282020%29.%20Hanging%20in%20there%3A%20Aloe%20lettyae%20populations%20in%20Critically%20Endangered%20grassland%20fragments.%20%3Ci%3ESouth%20African%20Journal%20of%20Botany%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E131%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%2033%26%23×2013%3B42.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.sajb.2020.01.029%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.sajb.2020.01.029%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DAUBP4NMS%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Hanging%20in%20there%3A%20Aloe%20lettyae%20populations%20in%20Critically%20Endangered%20grassland%20fragments%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kremer-K%5Cu00f6hne%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.T.F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Witkowski%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22F.E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Steffens%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%20I.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thompson%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20is%20the%20first%20study%20documenting%20the%20distribution%20and%20population%20biology%20of%20the%20Endangered%20Aloe%20lettyae%2C%20an%20endemic%20to%20the%20highly%20threatened%20Woodbush%20Granite%20Grassland%20%28WGG%29%20in%20Limpopo%20Province%2C%20South%20Africa.%20We%20documented%2019%20A.%20lettyae%20populations%20and%20calculated%20the%20total%20area%20of%20occupied%20habitat%20at%2017.5%20ha%20within%20its%20extent%20of%20occurrence%20of%20123%20km2.%20Most%20populations%20were%20clustered%20on%20the%20south%20western%20side%20of%20the%20WGG%2C%20with%20all%20known%20localities%20less%20than%2040%20km%20apart%20in%20this%20severely%20fragmented%20vegetation%20type.%20Population%20size%20varied%20from%2010%20to%206547%20plants%2C%20with%20%5Cu223c10%2C800%20individuals%20estimated%20in%20total.%20Plant%20size%20and%20life%20history%20stage%20demographics%20were%20determined%20in%20seven%20of%20the%2019%20currently%20known%20A.%20lettyae%20populations%2C%20including%20two%20large%20populations%2C%20as%20well%20as%20a%20high-%20and%20a%20low-lying%20population%2C%20and%20constituted%20a%20representative%20sample%20of%20the%20entire%20geographical%20range%20of%20the%20species.%20For%20plant%20size%2C%20four%20metrics%20%28number%20of%20leaves%2C%20number%20of%20leaf%20layers%2C%20height%20and%20diameter%20of%20the%20leaf%20rosette%29%20were%20recorded%20for%20each%20sampled%20A.%20lettyae%20plant%2C%20and%20the%20presence%20of%20an%20inflorescence%20indicated%20its%20reproductive%20status.%20By%20means%20of%20the%20classification%20tree%20technique%20CHAID%20%28Chi-square%20Automatic%20Interaction%20Detection%29%2C%20we%20determined%20that%20of%20the%20four%20plant%20size%20metrics%2C%20the%20%5Cu2018number%20of%20leaves%27%20predicts%20A.%20lettyae%27s%20life%20history%20stages%20and%20fecundity%20most%20accurately%2C%20and%20revealed%20significant%20differences%20in%20the%20life%20history%20stage%20structure%20of%20the%20seven%20surveyed%20populations.%20Five%20populations%20occurring%20in%20relatively%20undisturbed%20WGG%20fragments%2C%20including%20the%20two%20large%20populations%2C%20comprised%20high%20proportions%20of%20adult%20individuals%20%2877%5Cu201389%25%29%2C%20while%20only%20few%20A.%20lettyae%20juveniles%20were%20found%20%283%5Cu201314%25%29.%20By%20contrast%2C%20the%20relatively%20high%20percentage%20of%20juveniles%20%2825%5Cu201358%25%29%20and%20low%20percentage%20of%20adults%20%2832%5Cu201363%25%29%20observed%20in%20two%20small%20populations%20found%20in%20a%20degraded%20WGG%20fragment%20and%20in%20non-natural%20habitat%20respectively%2C%20appeared%20atypical.%20The%20percentage%20of%20subadults%20varied%20little%20across%20the%20surveyed%20populations%20%288%5Cu201313%25%29.%20In%20slow-growing%2C%20long-lived%20species%20such%20as%20A.%20lettyae%2C%20the%20dominance%20of%20adult%20individuals%20with%20a%20high%20probability%20of%20survival%20may%20be%20considered%20as%20indicative%20of%20stable%20populations.%20This%20study%20provides%20baseline%20A.%20lettyae%20population%20data%20for%20long-term%20demographic%20monitoring%20which%20will%20aid%20management%20and%20conservation%20of%20the%20range%20restricted%2C%20Endangered%20A.%20lettyae.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.sajb.2020.01.029%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2202546299%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%228VPML3VD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-06-22T06%3A03%3A28Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22SHD46ZW4%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Kremer-K%5Cu00f6hne%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EKremer-K%26%23xF6%3Bhne%2C%20S.%2C%20Harrison%2C%20J.%20D.%20G.%2C%20Thompson%2C%20D.%20I.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Witkowski%2C%20E.%20T.%20F.%20%282020%29.%20Arthropods%20Associated%20with%20Aloe%20lettyae%2C%20an%20Endangered%20South%20African%20Woodbush%20Granite%20Grassland%20Plant%20Endemic.%20%3Ci%3EAfrican%20Entomology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E28%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%208%26%23×2013%3B18.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.4001%5C%2F003.028.0008%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.4001%5C%2F003.028.0008%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DSHD46ZW4%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Arthropods%20Associated%20with%20Aloe%20lettyae%2C%20an%20Endangered%20South%20African%20Woodbush%20Granite%20Grassland%20Plant%20Endemic%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kremer-K%5Cu00f6hne%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20Du%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Harrison%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%20I.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thompson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%20T.F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Witkowski%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Investigations%20into%20arthropod-aloe%20associations%20are%20focused%20mostly%20on%20aloe%20pollination%20and%20on%20aloe%20pests%2C%20while%20little%20is%20known%20about%20other%20ecological%20aspects%20of%20these%20associations.%20During%20a%20broader%20ecological%20study%20on%20the%20summer-flowering%20grassland%20endemic%20Aloe%20lettyae%2C%20we%20documented%20evidence%20of%20two%20arachnid-aloe%20interactions%20and%2013%20insect%20taxa%20occurring%20on%20or%20in%20parts%20of%20A.%20lettyae%20plants%20%28n%20%3D%201084%29%20in%20a%20representative%20sample%20of%20seven%20A.%20lettyae%20populations.%20Our%20data%20suggest%20that%2C%20of%20the%20insects%20observed%2C%20only%20honeybees%20play%20a%20part%20in%20A.%20lettyae%20pollination%2C%20while%20the%20other%20insect%20species%20were%20either%20visiting%20or%20feeding%20on%20A.%20lettyae%20reproductive%20plant%20parts.%20This%20paper%20presents%20additional%20records%20of%20an%20herbivorous%20insect-aloe%20interaction%20for%20the%20cerambycid%20beetle%20Nemotragus%20helvolus%20and%20the%20drosophilid%20fly%20Apenthecia%20cf.%20crassiseta%2C%20and%20documents%20the%20parasitoid%20wasp%20Afrostilba%20sp.%20associated%20with%20the%20latter.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.4001%5C%2F003.028.0008%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2210213589%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A07%3A06Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22LWS8GV5D%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Kremer-K%5Cu00f6hne%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EKremer-K%26%23xF6%3Bhne%2C%20S.%2C%20Witkowski%2C%20E.%20T.%20F.%2C%20Steffens%2C%20F.%20E.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Thompson%2C%20D.%20I.%20%282020%29.%20Hanging%20in%20there%3A%20Aloe%20lettyae%20populations%20in%20Critically%20Endangered%20grassland%20fragments.%20%3Ci%3ESouth%20African%20Journal%20of%20Botany%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E131%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%2033%26%23×2013%3B42.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.sajb.2020.01.029%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.sajb.2020.01.029%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DLWS8GV5D%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Hanging%20in%20there%3A%20Aloe%20lettyae%20populations%20in%20Critically%20Endangered%20grassland%20fragments%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kremer-K%5Cu00f6hne%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%20T.F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Witkowski%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22F.%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Steffens%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%20I.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thompson%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20is%20the%20first%20study%20documenting%20the%20distribution%20and%20population%20biology%20of%20the%20Endangered%20Aloe%20lettyae%2C%20an%20endemic%20to%20the%20highly%20threatened%20Woodbush%20Granite%20Grassland%20%28WGG%29%20in%20Limpopo%20Province%2C%20South%20Africa.%20We%20documented%2019%20A.%20lettyae%20populations%20and%20calculated%20the%20total%20area%20of%20occupied%20habitat%20at%2017.5%20ha%20within%20its%20extent%20of%20occurrence%20of%20123%20km2.%20Most%20populations%20were%20clustered%20on%20the%20south%20western%20side%20of%20the%20WGG%2C%20with%20all%20known%20localities%20less%20than%2040%20km%20apart%20in%20this%20severely%20fragmented%20vegetation%20type.%20Population%20size%20varied%20from%2010%20to%206547%20plants%2C%20with%20%5Cu223c10%2C800%20individuals%20estimated%20in%20total.%20Plant%20size%20and%20life%20history%20stage%20demographics%20were%20determined%20in%20seven%20of%20the%2019%20currently%20known%20A.%20lettyae%20populations%2C%20including%20two%20large%20populations%2C%20as%20well%20as%20a%20high-%20and%20a%20low-lying%20population%2C%20and%20constituted%20a%20representative%20sample%20of%20the%20entire%20geographical%20range%20of%20the%20species.%20For%20plant%20size%2C%20four%20metrics%20%28number%20of%20leaves%2C%20number%20of%20leaf%20layers%2C%20height%20and%20diameter%20of%20the%20leaf%20rosette%29%20were%20recorded%20for%20each%20sampled%20A.%20lettyae%20plant%2C%20and%20the%20presence%20of%20an%20inflorescence%20indicated%20its%20reproductive%20status.%20By%20means%20of%20the%20classification%20tree%20technique%20CHAID%20%28Chi-square%20Automatic%20Interaction%20Detection%29%2C%20we%20determined%20that%20of%20the%20four%20plant%20size%20metrics%2C%20the%20%5Cu2018number%20of%20leaves%27%20predicts%20A.%20lettyae%27s%20life%20history%20stages%20and%20fecundity%20most%20accurately%2C%20and%20revealed%20significant%20differences%20in%20the%20life%20history%20stage%20structure%20of%20the%20seven%20surveyed%20populations.%20Five%20populations%20occurring%20in%20relatively%20undisturbed%20WGG%20fragments%2C%20including%20the%20two%20large%20populations%2C%20comprised%20high%20proportions%20of%20adult%20individuals%20%2877%5Cu201389%25%29%2C%20while%20only%20few%20A.%20lettyae%20juveniles%20were%20found%20%283%5Cu201314%25%29.%20By%20contrast%2C%20the%20relatively%20high%20percentage%20of%20juveniles%20%2825%5Cu201358%25%29%20and%20low%20percentage%20of%20adults%20%2832%5Cu201363%25%29%20observed%20in%20two%20small%20populations%20found%20in%20a%20degraded%20WGG%20fragment%20and%20in%20non-natural%20habitat%20respectively%2C%20appeared%20atypical.%20The%20percentage%20of%20subadults%20varied%20little%20across%20the%20surveyed%20populations%20%288%5Cu201313%25%29.%20In%20slow-growing%2C%20long-lived%20species%20such%20as%20A.%20lettyae%2C%20the%20dominance%20of%20adult%20individuals%20with%20a%20high%20probability%20of%20survival%20may%20be%20considered%20as%20indicative%20of%20stable%20populations.%20This%20study%20provides%20baseline%20A.%20lettyae%20population%20data%20for%20long-term%20demographic%20monitoring%20which%20will%20aid%20management%20and%20conservation%20of%20the%20range%20restricted%2C%20Endangered%20A.%20lettyae.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.sajb.2020.01.029%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2202546299%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A07%3A13Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%222EJX9VJL%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Lal%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELal%2C%20R.%20%282020%29.%20Managing%20soils%20for%20negative%20feedback%20to%20climate%20change%20and%20positive%20impact%20on%20food%20and%20nutritional%20security.%20%3Ci%3ESoil%20Science%20and%20Plant%20Nutrition%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E66%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%201%26%23×2013%3B9.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F00380768.2020.1718548%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F00380768.2020.1718548%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D2EJX9VJL%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Managing%20soils%20for%20negative%20feedback%20to%20climate%20change%20and%20positive%20impact%20on%20food%20and%20nutritional%20security%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rattan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lal%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20increase%20in%20atmospheric%20concentration%20of%20carbon%20dioxide%20from%20278%20ppm%20in%20the%20pre-industrial%20era%20to%20405%20ppm%20in%202018%2C%20along%20with%20the%20enrichment%20of%20other%20greenhouse%20gases%2C%20has%20already%20caused%20a%20global%20mean%20temperature%20increase%20of%201%5Cu00b0C.%20Among%20anthropogenic%20sources%2C%20historic%20land%20use%20and%20conversion%20of%20natural%20to%20agricultural%20eco-systems%20has%20and%20continues%20to%20be%20an%20importance%20source.%20Global%20depletion%20of%20soil%20organic%20carbon%20stock%20by%20historic%20land%20use%20and%20soil%20degradation%20is%20estimated%20at%20133%20Pg%20C.%20Estimated%20to%202-m%20depth%2C%20C%20stock%20is%202047%20Pg%20for%20soil%20organic%20carbon%20and%201558%20Pg%20for%20soil%20inorganic%20carbon%2C%20with%20a%20total%20of%203605%20Pg.%20Thus%2C%20even%20a%20small%20change%20in%20soil%20organic%20carbon%20stock%20can%20have%20a%20strong%20impact%20on%20atmospheric%20CO2%20concentration.%20Soil%20C%20sink%20capacity%2C%20between%202020%20and%202100%2C%20with%20the%20global%20adoption%20of%20best%20management%20practice%20which%20creates%20a%20positive%20soil%5C%2Fecosystem%20C%20budget%2C%20is%20estimated%20at%20178%20Pg%20C%20for%20soil%2C%20155%20Pg%20C%20for%20biomass%2C%20and%20333%20Pg%20C%20for%20the%20terrestrial%20biosphere%20with%20a%20total%20CO2%20drawdown%20potential%20of%20157%20ppm.%20Important%20among%20techniques%20of%20soil%20organic%20C%20sequestration%20are%20adoption%20of%20a%20system-based%20conservation%20agriculture%2C%20agroforestry%2C%20biochar%2C%20and%20integration%20of%20crops%20with%20trees%20and%20livestock.%20There%20is%20growing%20interest%20among%20policymakers%20and%20the%20private%20sector%20regarding%20the%20importance%20of%20soil%20C%20sequestration%20for%20adaptation%20and%20mitigation%20of%20climate%20change%2C%20harnessing%20of%20numerous%20co-benefits%2C%20and%20strengthening%20of%20ecosystem%20services.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1080%5C%2F00380768.2020.1718548%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2217470765%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F00380768.2020.1718548%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A09%3A05Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22TSRR8FTG%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Le%20Gouvello%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A55%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELe%20Gouvello%2C%20D.%20Z.%2C%20Hart-Davis%2C%20M.%20G.%2C%20Backeberg%2C%20B.%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Nel%2C%20R.%20%282020%29.%20Effects%20of%20swimming%20behaviour%20and%20oceanography%20on%20sea%20turtle%20hatchling%20dispersal%20at%20the%20intersection%20of%20two%20ocean%20current%20systems.%20%3Ci%3EEcological%20Modelling%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E431%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20109130.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DTSRR8FTG%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Effects%20of%20swimming%20behaviour%20and%20oceanography%20on%20sea%20turtle%20hatchling%20dispersal%20at%20the%20intersection%20of%20two%20ocean%20current%20systems%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Diane%20ZM%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Le%20Gouvello%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%20G%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hart-Davis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bj%5Cu00f6rn%20C%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Backeberg%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ronel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nel%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220304-3800%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BGDWYJZJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-12-15T12%3A06%3A38Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22WZ2BECQI%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Lhoest%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELhoest%2C%20S.%2C%20Fonteyn%2C%20D.%2C%20Da%26%23xEF%3Bnou%2C%20K.%2C%20Delbeke%2C%20L.%2C%20Doucet%2C%20J.%20L.%2C%20Dufr%26%23xEA%3Bne%2C%20M.%2C%20Josso%2C%20J.%20F.%2C%20Ligot%2C%20G.%2C%20Oszwald%2C%20J.%2C%20Rivault%2C%20E.%2C%20Verheggen%2C%20F.%2C%20Vermeulen%2C%20C.%2C%20Biwol%26%23xE9%3B%2C%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Fayolle%2C%20A.%20%282020%29.%20Conservation%20value%20of%20tropical%20forests%3A%20Distance%20to%20human%20settlements%20matters%20more%20than%20management%20in%20Central%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EBiological%20Conservation%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E241%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%28July%202019%29.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.biocon.2019.108351%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.biocon.2019.108351%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DWZ2BECQI%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Conservation%20value%20of%20tropical%20forests%3A%20Distance%20to%20human%20settlements%20matters%20more%20than%20management%20in%20Central%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Simon%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lhoest%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Davy%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fonteyn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kasso%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Da%5Cu00efnou%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Laetitia%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Delbeke%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean%20Louis%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Doucet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marc%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dufr%5Cu00eane%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean%20Fran%5Cu00e7ois%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Josso%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gauthier%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ligot%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Johan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Oszwald%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Erwan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rivault%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fran%5Cu00e7ois%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Verheggen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C%5Cu00e9dric%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vermeulen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Achille%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Biwol%5Cu00e9%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adeline%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fayolle%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Tropical%20forests%20in%20Central%20Africa%20host%20unique%20biodiversity%20threatened%20by%20human%20degradation%20of%20habitats%20and%20defaunation.%20Forests%20allocated%20to%20conservation%2C%20production%20and%20community%20management%20are%20expected%20to%20have%20different%20conservation%20values.%20Here%2C%20we%20aimed%20to%20identify%20the%20determinants%20of%20the%20conservation%20value%20of%20tropical%20forests%20in%20southeastern%20Cameroon%2C%20by%20disentangling%20the%20effects%20of%20forest%20allocations%2C%20proximity%20to%20human%20settlements%2C%20and%20local%20habitat.%20We%20inventoried%20two%20taxonomical%20groups%3A%20mammal%20species%20with%20camera%20traps%20%283464%20independent%20detection%20events%29%20and%20dung%20beetle%20species%20with%20pitfall%20traps%20%284475%20individuals%29.%20We%20used%20an%20integrated%20analytical%20approach%2C%20examining%20both%20species%20richness%20and%20composition.%20For%20both%20mammals%20and%20dung%20beetles%2C%20species%20richness%20decreased%20from%20the%20protected%20area%20to%20the%20community%20forests%2C%20and%20the%20logging%20concession%20showed%20intermediate%20richness.%20Species%20richness%20of%20both%20groups%20was%20negatively%20correlated%20to%20the%20proximity%20to%20human%20settlements%20and%20disturbance%2C%20with%20a%20decreasing%20gradient%20of%20body%20mass%20and%20the%20loss%20of%20the%20most%20threatened%20species.%20The%20replacement%20%28i.e.%2C%20spatial%20turnover%29%20of%20both%20mammal%20and%20dung%20beetle%20species%20among%20forest%20allocations%20suggest%20an%20integration%20of%20conservation%20initiatives%20to%20a%20large%20number%20of%20different%20sites%2C%20with%20a%20priority%20on%20protected%20and%20remote%20areas%20of%20high%20biodiversity.%20These%20results%20confirm%20the%20high%20conservation%20value%20of%20protected%20areas%20and%20their%20essential%20role%20in%20conservation%20strategies%2C%20ecologically%20connected%20with%20well-managed%20production%20forests%20with%20variable%20conservation%20value%20mainly%20depending%20on%20accessibility.%20Community%20forests%20located%20close%20to%20villages%20are%20much%20more%20degraded%20but%20not%20totally%20defaunated%20and%20still%20provide%20bushmeat%20to%20local%20populations.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.biocon.2019.108351%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2200063207%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A12%3A47Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2278VE2NNQ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Lin%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020-05-14%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELin%2C%20D.%2C%20Crabtree%2C%20J.%2C%20Dillo%2C%20I.%2C%20Downs%2C%20R.%20R.%2C%20Edmunds%2C%20R.%2C%20Giaretta%2C%20D.%2C%20De%20Giusti%2C%20M.%2C%20L%26%23×2019%3BHours%2C%20H.%2C%20Hugo%2C%20W.%2C%20Jenkyns%2C%20R.%2C%20Khodiyar%2C%20V.%2C%20Martone%2C%20M.%20E.%2C%20Mokrane%2C%20M.%2C%20Navale%2C%20V.%2C%20Petters%2C%20J.%2C%20Sierman%2C%20B.%2C%20Sokolova%2C%20D.%20V.%2C%20Stockhause%2C%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Westbrook%2C%20J.%20%282020%29.%20The%20TRUST%20Principles%20for%20digital%20repositories.%20%3Ci%3EScientific%20Data%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E7%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%20144.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41597-020-0486-7%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41597-020-0486-7%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D78VE2NNQ%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20TRUST%20Principles%20for%20digital%20repositories%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dawei%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jonathan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Crabtree%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ingrid%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dillo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Robert%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Downs%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rorie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Edmunds%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Giaretta%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marisa%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22De%20Giusti%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Herv%5Cu00e9%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22L%5Cu2019Hours%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wim%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hugo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Reyna%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jenkyns%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Varsha%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Khodiyar%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Maryann%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Martone%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mustapha%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mokrane%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Vivek%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Navale%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jonathan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Petters%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Barbara%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sierman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dina%20V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sokolova%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stockhause%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Westbrook%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22As%20information%20and%20communication%20technology%20has%20become%20pervasive%20in%20our%20society%2C%20we%20are%20increasingly%20dependent%20on%20both%20digital%20data%20and%20repositories%20that%20provide%20access%20to%20and%20enable%20the%20use%20of%20such%20resources.%20Repositories%20must%20earn%20the%20trust%20of%20the%20communities%20they%20intend%20to%20serve%20and%20demonstrate%20that%20they%20are%20reliable%20and%20capable%20of%20appropriately%20managing%20the%20data%20they%20hold.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22May%2014%2C%202020%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1038%5C%2Fs41597-020-0486-7%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222052-4463%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.nature.com%5C%2Farticles%5C%2Fs41597-020-0486-7%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22UUZBHCVC%22%2C%224ZZ3HNUN%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-10-22T11%3A22%3A07Z%22%7D%7D%5D%7D
Aleman, J. C., Fayolle, A., Favier, C., Staver, A. C., Dexter, K. G., Ryan, C. M., Azihou, A. F., Bauman, D., te Beest, M., Chidumayo, E. N., Comiskey, J. A., Cromsigt, J. P. G. M., Dessard, H., Doucet, J.-L., Finckh, M., Gillet, J.-F., Gourlet-Fleury, S., Hempson, G. P., Holdo, R. M., … Swaine, M. D. (2020). Floristic evidence for alternative biome states in tropical Africa. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117 (45) 2, 202011515. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2011515117 Cite

Aleman, J. C., Fayolle, A., Favier, C., Staver, A. C., Dexter, K. G., Ryan, C. M., Azihou, A. F., Bauman, D., te Beest, M., Chidumayo, E. N., Comiskey, J. A., Cromsigt, J. P. G. M., Dessard, H., Doucet, J.-L., Finckh, M., Gillet, J.-F., Gourlet-Fleury, S., Hempson, G. P., Holdo, R. M., … Swaine, M. D. (2020). Floristic evidence for alternative biome states in tropical Africa. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(45), 28183–28190. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2011515117 Cite

Aleman, J. C., Fayolle, A., Favier, C., Staver, A. C., Dexter, K. G., Ryan, C. M., Azihou, A. F., Bauman, D., te Beest, M., Chidumayo, E. N., Comiskey, J. A., Cromsigt, J. P. G. M., Dessard, H., Doucet, J.-L., Finckh, M., Gillet, J.-F., Gourlet-Fleury, S., Hempson, G. P., Holdo, R. M., … Swaine, M. D. (2020). Floristic evidence for alternative biome states in tropical Africa. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(45), 28183–28190. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2011515117 Cite

Arena, G., Dean, W. R. J., & Milton, S. J. (2020). Ant Communities in Two Habitats in Succulent Karoo Shrubland. African Entomology, 28(1), 202. https://doi.org/10.4001/003.028.0202 Cite

Bellón, B., Blanco, J., Vos, A. D., Roque, F. de O., Pays, O., & Renaud, P. C. (2020). Integrated Landscape change analysis of protected areas and their surrounding landscapes: Application in the Brazilian cerrado (Vol. 12). Cite

Bentley, L., & Coomes, D. A. (2020). Partial river flow recovery with forest age is rare in the decades following establishment. Global Change Biology, 26(3), 1458–1473. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14954 Cite

Bernardino, P. N., Brandt, M., De Keersmaecker, W., Horion, S., Fensholt, R., Storms, I., Wigneron, J. P., Verbesselt, J., & Somers, B. (2020). Uncovering dryland woody dynamics using optical, microwave, and field data-prolonged above-average rainfall paradoxically contributes to woody plant die-off in the Western Sahel. Remote Sensing, 12(14). https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12142332 Cite

Bester, R., Blignaut, J., & van Niekerk, P. (2020). The cost-effectiveness of water augmentation and management: Assessing the unit reference value. Journal of the South African Institution of Civil Engineering, 62(2), 39–44. https://doi.org/10.17159/2309-8775/2020/V62N2A5 Cite

Botha, M. (2020). What drives grassland-forest boundaries ? Assessing fire and frost effects on tree seedling survival and architecture. December. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6730 Cite

Burkepile, D. E., Schmitt, M. H., Stears, K., Donovan, M. K., & Thompson, D. I. (2020). Shared Insights across the Ecology of Coral Reefs and African Savannas: Are Parrotfish Wet Wildebeest? BioScience, 70(8), 647–658. https://doi.org/doi.10.1093/biosci/biaa063 Cite

Burkepile, D. E., Schmitt, M. H., Stears, K., Donovan, M. K., & Thompson, D. I. (2020). Shared Insights across the Ecology of Coral Reefs and African Savannas: Are Parrotfish Wet Wildebeest? BioScience, 70(8), 647–658. https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biaa063 Cite

Case, M. F., Wigley, B. J., Wigley-Coetsee, C., & Carla Staver, A. (2020). Could drought constrain woody encroachers in savannas? African Journal of Range and Forage Science, 37(1), 19–29. https://doi.org/10.2989/10220119.2019.1697363 Cite

Ceballos, G., Ehrlich, P. R., & Raven, P. H. (2020). Vertebrates on the brink as indicators of biological annihilation and the sixth mass extinction. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 117(24), 13596–13602. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1922686117 Cite

Chaudhary, V. B., Akland, K., Johnson, N. C., & Bowker, M. A. (2020). Do soil inoculants accelerate dryland restoration? A simultaneous assessment of biocrusts and mycorrhizal fungi. Restoration Ecology, rec.13088. https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13088 Cite

Connell, R. K., Nippert, J. B., & Blair, J. M. (2020). Three Decades of Divergent Land Use and Plant Community Change Alters Soil C and N Content in Tallgrass Prairie. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 125(8). https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JG005723 Cite

Conradi, T., Slingsby, J. A., Midgley, G. F., Nottebrock, H., Schweiger, A. H., & Higgins, S. I. (2020). An operational definition of the biome for global change research. New Phytol., 227(5), 1294–1306. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.16580 Cite

Coppin, R., Rautenbach, C., Ponton, T. J., & Smit, A. J. (2020). Investigating Waves and Temperature as Drivers of Kelp Morphology. Frontiers in Marine Science, 7. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2020.00567 Cite

Cotiyane-Pondo, P., Bornman, T. G., Dąbek, P., Witkowski, A., & Smit, A. J. (2020). Austral winter marine epilithic diatoms: Community composition and distribution on intertidal rocky substrate around the coast of South Africa. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 242, 106837. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2020.106837 Cite

Crookes, D. J., Blignaut, J. N., & Le Maitre, D. C. (2020). The effect of accessibility and value addition on the costs of controlling invasive alien plants in South Africa: A three-species system dynamics model in the fynbos and grassland biomes. Southern Forests, 82(2), 125–134. https://doi.org/10.2989/20702620.2019.1686685 Cite

Currie, J. C., Atkinson, L. J., & Attwood, C. (2020). Long-Term Change of Demersal Fish Assemblages on the Inshore Agulhas Bank Between 1904 and 2015. Cite

Dalu, T., Magoro, M. L., Naidoo, L. S., Wasserman, R. J., Human, L. RD., Adams, J. B., Perissinotto, R., Deyzel, S. HP., Wooldridge, T., & Whitfield, A. K. (2020). Microphytobenthos diversity and community structure across different micro-estuaries and micro-outlets: Effects of environmental variables on community structure. Environmental Pollution, 260, 114097. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114097 Cite

Diefenderfer, H. L., Steyer, G. D., Harwell, M. C., LoSchiavo, A. J., Neckles, H. A., Burdick, D. M., Johnson, G. E., Buenau, K. E., Trujillo, E., Callaway, J. C., Thom, R. M., Ganju, N. K., & Twilley, R. R. (2020). Applying cumulative effects to strategically advance large-scale ecosystem restoration. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, Figure 1, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2274 Cite

Dilmahamod, A. F., Penven, P., Aguiar‐González, B., Reason, C. J. C., & Hermes, J. C. (2020). A Model Investigation of the Influences of the South‐East Madagascar Current on the South‐East Madagascar Bloom. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 125(6). https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JC015761 Cite

Dlamini, T. B., Reilly, B. K., Thompson, D. I., Burkepile, D. E., Botha, J. M., & Rebelo, A. G. (2020). Differential herbivore occupancy of fire-manipulated savannas in the Satara region of the Kruger National Park, South Africa. Koedoe, 62(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v62i1.1603 Cite

Dlamini, T. B., Reilly, B. K., Thompson, D. I., Burkepile, D. E., Botha, J. M., & Rebelo, A. G. (2020). Differential herbivore occupancy of fire-manipulated savannas in the Satara region of the Kruger National Park, South Africa. Koedoe, 62(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v62i1.1603 Cite

Elizabeth Meyer-Milne, Musa C. Mlambo, & D. Christopher Rogers. (2020). Distribution of Clam Shrimps (Crustacea: Laevicaudata and Spinicaudata) in South Africa, with New Records from the Northern Cape Province. Zoological Studies, (59). https://doi.org/10.6620/ZS.2020.59-39 Cite

Ew, T., Bekele, K., Schaffner, U., Allan, E., Alamirew, T., Choge, S. K., Eckert, S., Haji, J., Muturi, G., & Rima, P. (2020). The impact of invasive species on social-ecological systems : Relating supply and use of selected provisioning ecosystem services. 41(November 2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2019.101055 Cite

Fawcett, D., Bennie, J., & Anderson, K. (2020). Monitoring spring phenology of individual tree crowns using drone-acquired NDVI data. 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1002/rse2.184 Cite

Fearon, G., Herbette, S., Veitch, J., Cambon, G., Lucas, A., Lemarié, F., & Vichi, M. (2020). Enhanced vertical mixing in coastal upwelling systems driven by diurnal-inertial resonance: numerical experiments. Cite

February, E., Pausch, J., & Higgins, S. I. (2020). Major contribution of grass roots to soil carbon pools and CO2 fluxes in a mesic savanna. Plant and Soil. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-020-04649-3 Cite

Flynn, R., Granger, J., Veitch, J., Siedlecki, S., Burger, J., Pillay, K., & Fawcett, S. (2020). On‐shelf nutrient trapping enhances the fertility of the southern Benguela upwelling system. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 125(6), e2019JC015948. Cite

Forzieri, G., Miralles, D. G., Ciais, P., Alkama, R., Ryu, Y., Duveiller, G., Zhang, K., Robertson, E., Kautz, M., Martens, B., Jiang, C., Arneth, A., Georgievski, G., Li, W., Ceccherini, G., Anthoni, P., Lawrence, P., Wiltshire, A., Pongratz, J., … Cescatti, A. (2020). Increased control of vegetation on global terrestrial energy fluxes. Nature Climate Change, 10(4), 356–362. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-0717-0 Cite

Godlee, J. L., Gonçalves, F. M., Tchamba, J. J., Chisingui, A. V., Muledi, J. I., Shutcha, M. N., Ryan, C. M., Brade, T. K., & Dexter, K. G. (2020). Diversity and structure of an arid woodland in Southwest Angola, with comparison to the wider miombo ecoregion. Diversity, 12(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/D12040140 Cite

Gokool, S., Riddell, E., Jarmain, C., Chetty, K., Feig, G., & Thenga, H. (2020). Evaluating the accuracy of satellite-derived evapotranspiration estimates acquired during conditions of water stress. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 41(2), 704–724. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2019.1646940 Cite

Grman, E., Zirbel, C. R., Bauer, J. T., Groves, A. M., Bassett, T., & Brudvig, L. A. (2020). Super‐abundant C 4 grasses are a mixed blessing in restored prairies. Restoration Ecology, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13281 Cite

Herrero, H., Southworth, J., Muir, C., Khatami, R., Bunting, E., & Child, B. (2020). An evaluation of vegetation health in and around southern african national parks during the 21st century (2000-2016). Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 10(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/app10072366 Cite

Hugé, J., Rochette, A. J., de Béthune, S., Parra Paitan, C. C., Vanderhaegen, K., Vandervelden, T., Van Passel, S., Vanhove, M. P. M., Verbist, B., Verheyen, D., Waas, T., Janssens, I., & Janssens de Bisthoven, L. (2020). Ecosystem services assessment tools for African Biosphere Reserves: A review and user-informed classification. Ecosystem Services, 42(January), 101079. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2020.101079 Cite

Human, L., Weitz, R., Allanson, B., & Adams, J. (2020). Nutrient fluxes from sediments pose management challenges for the Knysna Estuary, South Africa. African Journal of Aquatic Science, 45(1–2), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.2989/16085914.2019.1671787 Cite

Human, L. R. D., Feijão, E., Cruz de Carvalho, R., Caçador, I., Reis-Santos, P., Fonseca, V., & Duarte, B. (2020). Mediterranean salt marsh sediment metal speciation and bioavailability changes induced by the spreading of non-indigenous Spartina patens. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 243, 106921. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2020.106921 Cite

Jury, M. R., & Goschen, W. S. (2020). Physical ocean-atmosphere variability over the shelf of South Africa from reanalysis products. Continental Shelf Research, 202, 104135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2020.104135 Cite

Kattge, J., Bönisch, G., Díaz, S., Lavorel, S., Prentice, I. C., Leadley, P., Tautenhahn, S., Werner, G. D. A., Aakala, T., Abedi, M., Acosta, A. T. R., Adamidis, G. C., Adamson, K., Aiba, M., Albert, C. H., Alcántara, J. M., Alcázar C, C., Aleixo, I., Ali, H., … Wirth, C. (2020). TRY plant trait database – enhanced coverage and open access. Glob. Chang. Biol., 26(1), 119–188. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14904 Cite

Kattge, J., Bönisch, G., Díaz, S., Lavorel, S., Prentice, I. C., Leadley, P., Tautenhahn, S., Werner, G. D. A., Aakala, T., Abedi, M., Acosta, A. T. R., Adamidis, G. C., Adamson, K., Aiba, M., Albert, C. H., Alcántara, J. M., Alcázar C, C., Aleixo, I., Ali, H., … Wirth, C. (2020). TRY plant trait database – enhanced coverage and open access. Global Change Biology, 26(1), 119–188. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14904 Cite

Kremer-Köhne, S., Harrison, J. duG, Thompson, D. I., & Witkowski, E. T. F. (2020). Arthropods associated with Aloe lettyae, an endangered South African Woodbush Granite Grassland Endemic. African Entomology, 28(1), 8–18. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.4001/003.028.0008 Cite

Kremer-Köhne, S., Witkowski, E. T. F., Steffens, F. E., & Thompson, D. I. (2020). Hanging in there: Aloe lettyae populations in Critically Endangered grassland fragments. South African Journal of Botany, 131, 33–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2020.01.029 Cite

Kremer-Köhne, S., Harrison, J. D. G., Thompson, D. I., & Witkowski, E. T. F. (2020). Arthropods Associated with Aloe lettyae, an Endangered South African Woodbush Granite Grassland Plant Endemic. African Entomology, 28(1), 8–18. https://doi.org/10.4001/003.028.0008 Cite

Kremer-Köhne, S., Witkowski, E. T. F., Steffens, F. E., & Thompson, D. I. (2020). Hanging in there: Aloe lettyae populations in Critically Endangered grassland fragments. South African Journal of Botany, 131, 33–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2020.01.029 Cite

Lal, R. (2020). Managing soils for negative feedback to climate change and positive impact on food and nutritional security. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 66(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2020.1718548 Cite

Le Gouvello, D. Z., Hart-Davis, M. G., Backeberg, B. C., & Nel, R. (2020). Effects of swimming behaviour and oceanography on sea turtle hatchling dispersal at the intersection of two ocean current systems. Ecological Modelling, 431, 109130. Cite

Lhoest, S., Fonteyn, D., Daïnou, K., Delbeke, L., Doucet, J. L., Dufrêne, M., Josso, J. F., Ligot, G., Oszwald, J., Rivault, E., Verheggen, F., Vermeulen, C., Biwolé, A., & Fayolle, A. (2020). Conservation value of tropical forests: Distance to human settlements matters more than management in Central Africa. Biological Conservation, 241(July 2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2019.108351 Cite

Lin, D., Crabtree, J., Dillo, I., Downs, R. R., Edmunds, R., Giaretta, D., De Giusti, M., L’Hours, H., Hugo, W., Jenkyns, R., Khodiyar, V., Martone, M. E., Mokrane, M., Navale, V., Petters, J., Sierman, B., Sokolova, D. V., Stockhause, M., & Westbrook, J. (2020). The TRUST Principles for digital repositories. Scientific Data, 7(1), 144. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-0486-7 Cite






2019
2592029
2019
items
1
0
author
asc
1
218
https://www.saeon.ac.za/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
%7B%22status%22%3A%22success%22%2C%22updateneeded%22%3Afalse%2C%22instance%22%3A%22zotpress-d64b8a804da6b8e5647e1925b114a355%22%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22request_last%22%3A100%2C%22request_next%22%3A50%2C%22used_cache%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22data%22%3A%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%22RBQ6VUZX%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Allsopp%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019-09-26%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAllsopp%2C%20N.%2C%20Slingsby%2C%20J.%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Esler%2C%20K.%20J.%20%282019%29.%20Identifying%20research%20questions%20for%20the%20conservation%20of%20the%20Cape%20Floristic%20Region.%20%3Ci%3ES.%20Afr.%20J.%20Sci.%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E115%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%289%5C%2F10%29.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.17159%5C%2Fsajs.2019%5C%2F5889%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.17159%5C%2Fsajs.2019%5C%2F5889%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DRBQ6VUZX%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Identifying%20research%20questions%20for%20the%20conservation%20of%20the%20Cape%20Floristic%20Region%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicky%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Allsopp%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jasper%20A%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Slingsby%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Karen%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Esler%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22September%2026%2C%202019%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.17159%5C%2Fsajs.2019%5C%2F5889%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220038-2353%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.sajs.co.za%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fview%5C%2F5889%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22UUZBHCVC%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-10-22T11%3A16%3A30Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ADF4ISYF%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ashari%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAshari%2C%202014.%20%282019%29.%20%3Ci%3E%26%23x6E08%3B%26%23×7121%3BNo%20Title%20No%20Title%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ci%3E53%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%289%29%2C%201689%26%23×2013%3B1699.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DADF4ISYF%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22%5Cu6e08%5Cu7121No%20Title%20No%20Title%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ashari%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Predicting%20the%20binding%20mode%20of%20flexible%20polypeptides%20to%20proteins%20is%20an%20important%20task%20that%20falls%20outside%20the%20domain%20of%20applicability%20of%20most%20small%20molecule%20and%20protein%5Cu2212protein%20docking%20tools.%20Here%2C%20we%20test%20the%20small%20molecule%20flexible%20ligand%20docking%20program%20Glide%20on%20a%20set%20of%2019%20non-%5Cu03b1-helical%20peptides%20and%20systematically%20improve%20pose%20prediction%20accuracy%20by%20enhancing%20Glide%20sampling%20for%20flexible%20polypeptides.%20In%20addition%2C%20scoring%20of%20the%20poses%20was%20improved%20by%20post-processing%20with%20physics-based%20implicit%20solvent%20MM-%20GBSA%20calculations.%20Using%20the%20best%20RMSD%20among%20the%20top%2010%20scoring%20poses%20as%20a%20metric%2C%20the%20success%20rate%20%28RMSD%20%5Cu2264%202.0%20%5Cu00c5%20for%20the%20interface%20backbone%20atoms%29%20increased%20from%2021%25%20with%20default%20Glide%20SP%20settings%20to%2058%25%20with%20the%20enhanced%20peptide%20sampling%20and%20scoring%20protocol%20in%20the%20case%20of%20redocking%20to%20the%20native%20protein%20structure.%20This%20approaches%20the%20accuracy%20of%20the%20recently%20developed%20Rosetta%20FlexPepDock%20method%20%2863%25%20success%20for%20these%2019%20peptides%29%20while%20being%20over%20100%20times%20faster.%20Cross-docking%20was%20performed%20for%20a%20subset%20of%20cases%20where%20an%20unbound%20receptor%20structure%20was%20available%2C%20and%20in%20that%20case%2C%2040%25%20of%20peptides%20were%20docked%20successfully.%20We%20analyze%20the%20results%20and%20find%20that%20the%20optimized%20polypeptide%20protocol%20is%20most%20accurate%20for%20extended%20peptides%20of%20limited%20size%20and%20number%20of%20formal%20charges%2C%20defining%20a%20domain%20of%20applicability%20for%20this%20approach.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221098-6596%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A04%3A11Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22E3EMH67Y%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Austin%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAustin%2C%20J.%20H.%20%282019%29.%20References%20and%20Notes.%20%3Ci%3EMeditating%20Selflessly%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E321%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%28August%29%2C%20652%26%23×2013%3B653.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.7551%5C%2Fmitpress%5C%2F8876.003.0036%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.7551%5C%2Fmitpress%5C%2F8876.003.0036%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DE3EMH67Y%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22References%20and%20Notes%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22James%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Austin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22During%20the%20drying%20of%20many%20polymer%20films%2C%20temperature%20and%20compositional%20changes%20induce%20a%20rubbery-glassy%20transition%20at%20the%20film%20surface.%20The%20transition%20front%20propagates%20toward%20the%20substrate%20as%20drying%20proceeds%2C%20eventually%20rendering%20the%20entire%20coating%20glassy.%20The%20glass%20transition%20induces%20structural%20changes%20that%20have%20a%20direct%20effect%20on%20the%20drying%20rate.%20We%20examine%20this%20process%20by%20measuring%20gravimetric%20and%20thermal%20drying%20profiles%20for%20poly%28methyl%20methacrylate%29%20films%20cast%20from%20a%20toluene-based%20formulation.%20The%20experimental%20conditions%20were%20chosen%20so%20that%20the%20films%20would%20pass%20through%20a%20glass%20transition.%20We%20seek%20an%20understanding%20of%20the%20observed%20behavior%20by%20comparing%20the%20experimental%20data%20to%20solvent%20concentration%20and%20temperature%20profiles%20computed%20with%20a%20mathematical%20model%20based%20on%20the%20work%20of%20Vrentas%20and%20Vrentas.1%20The%20computational%20results%20show%20that%20the%20critical%20factors%20for%20capturing%20the%20drying%20behavior%20of%20this%20rubbery-glassy%20system%20are%20%28i%29%20the%20nonideal%20volumetric%20behavior%20exhibited%20by%20glassy%20polymer-solvent%20systems%20and%20%28ii%29%20the%20type%20of%20friction-based%20theory%20used%20to%20relate%20mutual-%20and%20self-diffusion%20coefficients.%20The%20model%20offers%20a%20quantitatively%20accurate%20alternative%20to%20the%20many%20viscoelastic-diffusion-based%20models%20that%20have%20appeared%20in%20the%20literature.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.7551%5C%2Fmitpress%5C%2F8876.003.0036%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A06%3A28Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22WAVYVPQA%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bellingham%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBellingham%2C%20P.%20J.%2C%20Sparrow%2C%20A.%20D.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Bellingham%2C%20P.%20J.%20%282019%29.%20%3Ci%3ENordic%20Society%20Oikos%20Resprouting%20as%20a%20Life%20History%20Strategy%20in%20Woody%20Plant%20Communities%20Published%20by%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20Wiley%20on%20behalf%20of%20Nordic%20Society%20Oikos%20Stable%20URL%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.jstor.org%5C%2Fstable%5C%2F3547338%20Nordic%20Society%20Oikos%20%2C%20Wiley%20are%20collaborating%20with%20JSTOR%20to%20di%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ci%3E89%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20409%26%23×2013%3B416.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DWAVYVPQA%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Nordic%20Society%20Oikos%20Resprouting%20as%20a%20Life%20History%20Strategy%20in%20Woody%20Plant%20Communities%20Published%20by%20%3A%20Wiley%20on%20behalf%20of%20Nordic%20Society%20Oikos%20Stable%20URL%20%3A%20https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.jstor.org%5C%2Fstable%5C%2F3547338%20Nordic%20Society%20Oikos%20%2C%20Wiley%20are%20collaborating%20with%20JSTOR%20to%20di%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bellingham%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ashley%20D%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sparrow%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bellingham%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A03%3A01Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22CHSM8LZC%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bellingham%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBellingham%2C%20P.%20J.%2C%20Sparrow%2C%20A.%20D.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Bellingham%2C%20P.%20J.%20%282019%29.%20%3Ci%3ENordic%20Society%20Oikos%20Resprouting%20as%20a%20Life%20History%20Strategy%20in%20Woody%20Plant%20Communities%20Published%20by%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20Wiley%20on%20behalf%20of%20Nordic%20Society%20Oikos%20Stable%20URL%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.jstor.org%5C%2Fstable%5C%2F3547338%20Nordic%20Society%20Oikos%20%2C%20Wiley%20are%20collaborating%20with%20JSTOR%20to%20di%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ci%3E89%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20409%26%23×2013%3B416.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DCHSM8LZC%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Nordic%20Society%20Oikos%20Resprouting%20as%20a%20Life%20History%20Strategy%20in%20Woody%20Plant%20Communities%20Published%20by%20%3A%20Wiley%20on%20behalf%20of%20Nordic%20Society%20Oikos%20Stable%20URL%20%3A%20https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.jstor.org%5C%2Fstable%5C%2F3547338%20Nordic%20Society%20Oikos%20%2C%20Wiley%20are%20collaborating%20with%20JSTOR%20to%20di%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bellingham%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ashley%20D%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sparrow%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bellingham%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A03%3A42Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%229N6FSUWK%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Buisson%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBuisson%2C%20E.%2C%20Le%20Stradic%2C%20S.%2C%20Silveira%2C%20F.%20A.%20O.%2C%20Durigan%2C%20G.%2C%20Overbeck%2C%20G.%20E.%2C%20Fidelis%2C%20A.%2C%20Fernandes%2C%20G.%20W.%2C%20Bond%2C%20W.%20J.%2C%20Hermann%2C%20J.%20M.%2C%20Mahy%2C%20G.%2C%20Alvarado%2C%20S.%20T.%2C%20Zaloumis%2C%20N.%20P.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Veldman%2C%20J.%20W.%20%282019%29.%20Resilience%20and%20restoration%20of%20tropical%20and%20subtropical%20grasslands%2C%20savannas%2C%20and%20grassy%20woodlands.%20%3Ci%3EBiological%20Reviews%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E94%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20590%26%23×2013%3B609.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fbrv.12470%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fbrv.12470%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D9N6FSUWK%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Resilience%20and%20restoration%20of%20tropical%20and%20subtropical%20grasslands%2C%20savannas%2C%20and%20grassy%20woodlands%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elise%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Buisson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Soizig%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Le%20Stradic%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fernando%20A.O.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Silveira%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Giselda%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Durigan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gerhard%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Overbeck%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alessandra%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fidelis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20Wilson%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fernandes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bond%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Julia%20Maria%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hermann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gregory%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mahy%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Swanni%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Alvarado%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicholas%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zaloumis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joseph%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Veldman%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Despite%20growing%20recognition%20of%20the%20conservation%20values%20of%20grassy%20biomes%2C%20our%20understanding%20of%20how%20to%20maintain%20and%20restore%20biodiverse%20tropical%20grasslands%20%28including%20savannas%20and%20open-canopy%20grassy%20woodlands%29%20remains%20limited.%20To%20incorporate%20grasslands%20into%20large-scale%20restoration%20efforts%2C%20we%20synthesised%20existing%20ecological%20knowledge%20of%20tropical%20grassland%20resilience%20and%20approaches%20to%20plant%20community%20restoration.%20Tropical%20grassland%20plant%20communities%20are%20resilient%20to%2C%20and%20often%20dependent%20on%2C%20the%20endogenous%20disturbances%20with%20which%20they%20evolved%20%5Cu2013%20frequent%20fires%20and%20native%20megafaunal%20herbivory.%20In%20stark%20contrast%2C%20tropical%20grasslands%20are%20extremely%20vulnerable%20to%20human-caused%20exogenous%20disturbances%2C%20particularly%20those%20that%20alter%20soils%20and%20destroy%20belowground%20biomass%20%28e.g.%20tillage%20agriculture%2C%20surface%20mining%29%3B%20tropical%20grassland%20restoration%20after%20severe%20soil%20disturbances%20is%20expensive%20and%20rarely%20achieves%20management%20targets.%20Where%20grasslands%20have%20been%20degraded%20by%20altered%20disturbance%20regimes%20%28e.g.%20fire%20exclusion%29%2C%20exotic%20plant%20invasions%2C%20or%20afforestation%2C%20restoration%20efforts%20can%20recreate%20vegetation%20structure%20%28i.e.%20historical%20tree%20density%20and%20herbaceous%20ground%20cover%29%2C%20but%20species-diverse%20plant%20communities%2C%20including%20endemic%20species%2C%20are%20slow%20to%20recover.%20Complicating%20plant-community%20restoration%20efforts%2C%20many%20tropical%20grassland%20species%2C%20particularly%20those%20that%20invest%20in%20underground%20storage%20organs%2C%20are%20difficult%20to%20propagate%20and%20re-establish.%20To%20guide%20restoration%20decisions%2C%20we%20draw%20on%20the%20old-growth%20grassland%20concept%2C%20the%20novel%20ecosystem%20concept%2C%20and%20theory%20regarding%20tree%20cover%20along%20resource%20gradients%20in%20savannas%20to%20propose%20a%20conceptual%20framework%20that%20classifies%20tropical%20grasslands%20into%20three%20broad%20ecosystem%20states.%20These%20states%20are%3A%20%281%29%20old-growth%20grasslands%20%28i.e.%20ancient%2C%20biodiverse%20grassy%20ecosystems%29%2C%20where%20management%20should%20focus%20on%20the%20maintenance%20of%20disturbance%20regimes%3B%20%282%29%20hybrid%20grasslands%2C%20where%20restoration%20should%20emphasise%20a%20return%20towards%20the%20old-growth%20state%3B%20and%20%283%29%20novel%20ecosystems%2C%20where%20the%20magnitude%20of%20environmental%20change%20%28i.e.%20a%20shift%20to%20an%20alternative%20ecosystem%20state%29%20or%20the%20socioecological%20context%20preclude%20a%20return%20to%20historical%20conditions.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fbrv.12470%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221469185X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A10%3A55Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22AA5PIEY5%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bushnell%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019-11-19%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBushnell%2C%20M.%2C%20Waldmann%2C%20C.%2C%20Seitz%2C%20S.%2C%20Buckley%2C%20E.%2C%20Tamburri%2C%20M.%2C%20Hermes%2C%20J.%2C%20Henslop%2C%20E.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Lara-Lopez%2C%20A.%20%282019%29.%20Quality%20Assurance%20of%20Oceanographic%20Observations%3A%20Standards%20and%20Guidance%20Adopted%20by%20an%20International%20Partnership.%20%3Ci%3EFrontiers%20in%20Marine%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E6%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20706.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Ffmars.2019.00706%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Ffmars.2019.00706%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DAA5PIEY5%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Quality%20Assurance%20of%20Oceanographic%20Observations%3A%20Standards%20and%20Guidance%20Adopted%20by%20an%20International%20Partnership%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mark%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bushnell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christoph%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Waldmann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Steffen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Seitz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Earle%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Buckley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mario%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tamburri%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Juliet%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hermes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Emma%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Henslop%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ana%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lara-Lopez%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019-11-19%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.3389%5C%2Ffmars.2019.00706%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222296-7745%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.frontiersin.org%5C%2Farticle%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Ffmars.2019.00706%5C%2Ffull%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BGDWYJZJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-04-13T19%3A06%3A17Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22MNJ5XP6L%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Cai%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECai%2C%20L.%20M.%2C%20Wang%2C%20Q.%20S.%2C%20Luo%2C%20J.%2C%20Chen%2C%20L.%20G.%2C%20Zhu%2C%20R.%20L.%2C%20Wang%2C%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Tang%2C%20C.%20H.%20%282019%29.%20Heavy%20metal%20contamination%20and%20health%20risk%20assessment%20for%20children%20near%20a%20large%20Cu-smelter%20in%20central%20China.%20%3Ci%3EScience%20of%20the%20Total%20Environment%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E650%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20725%26%23×2013%3B733.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.scitotenv.2018.09.081%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.scitotenv.2018.09.081%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DMNJ5XP6L%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Heavy%20metal%20contamination%20and%20health%20risk%20assessment%20for%20children%20near%20a%20large%20Cu-smelter%20in%20central%20China%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Li%20Mei%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cai%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Qiu%20Shuang%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Luo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lai%20Guo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Run%20Liang%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zhu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Shuo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cui%20Hua%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tang%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Nonferrous%20metallurgy%20is%20causing%20significant%20concerns%20due%20to%20its%20emissions%20of%20heavy%20metals%20into%20environment%2C%20degrading%20environmental%20quality%2C%20and%20consequently%20posing%20high%20risks%20to%20human%20health.%20In%20this%20study%2C%20the%20concentration%20levels%20of%20Cadmium%20%28Cd%29%2C%20Copper%20%28Cu%29%2C%20Lead%20%28Pb%29%2C%20and%20Arsenic%20%28As%29%20were%20investigated%20in%20soil%2C%20crop%2C%20well%20water%2C%20and%20fish%20samples%20collected%20around%20the%20Daye%20Copper%20Smelter%20in%20Hubei%20province%2C%20China%2C%20and%20the%20potential%20health%20risks%20were%20assessed%20for%20local%20children.%20The%20results%20showed%20that%20soils%20near%20the%20smelter%20were%20heavily%20polluted%20by%20Cd%2C%20Cu%2C%20Pb%2C%20and%20As%2C%20with%20the%20mean%20concentrations%20of%204.87%2C%20195.26%2C%2092.65%2C%20and%2035.84%20mg%5C%2Fkg%2C%20respectively%2C%20which%20were%20significantly%20higher%20than%20the%20values%20of%20soil%20Cd%20%280.18%20mg%5C%2Fkg%29%2C%20Cu%20%2832.84%20mg%5C%2Fkg%29%2C%20Pb%20%2828.46%20mg%5C%2Fkg%29%2C%20and%20As%20%2813.65%20mg%5C%2Fkg%29%20in%20the%20reference%20area%20%28p%20%5C%5Ctextless%200.001%29.%20The%20concentrations%20of%20Cd%20and%20As%20in%20vegetable%20samples%20collected%20from%20smelter-affected%20area%20exceeded%20the%20maximum%20permissible%20level%20%28MPL%29%20for%20food%20in%20China%20by%2082%25%20and%2039%25%2C%20respectively.%20The%20concentrations%20of%20Cd%20and%20Pb%20in%20rice%20grain%20harvested%20from%20smelter-affected%20area%20were%209.35%20and%201.35%20times%20higher%20than%20the%20corresponding%20MPL%2C%20respectively.%20The%20concentrations%20of%20Cd%2C%20As%2C%20and%20Cu%20in%20fish%20muscle%20from%20smelter-affected%20area%20exceeded%20the%20national%20MPL%20by%2072%25%2C%2041%25%2C%20and%2024%25%20of%20analyzed%20samples%2C%20respectively.%20The%20concentrations%20of%20Cd%20%28p%20%5C%5Ctextless%200.05%29%20and%20As%20%28p%20%5C%5Ctextless%200.01%29%20in%20well%20water%20were%20significantly%20higher%20in%20the%20smelter-affected%20area%20than%20those%20in%20the%20reference%20area%2C%20respectively.%20The%20health%20risks%20to%20local%20children%20in%20the%20smelter-affected%20area%20were%2030.25%20times%20higher%20than%20the%20acceptable%20level%20of%201%2C%20and%20most%20of%20the%20risks%20were%20resulted%20from%20Cd%20%2846%25%29%2C%20As%20%2827%25%29%20and%20Pb%20%2820%25%29.%20The%20intake%20of%20crops%20was%20a%20major%20source%20%2878%25%29%20to%20health%20risks%20for%20local%20children.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.scitotenv.2018.09.081%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2218791026%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.scitotenv.2018.09.081%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A58%3A54Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22RXYKBC9K%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Case%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019-07%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECase%2C%20M.%20F.%2C%20Wigley%26%23×2010%3BCoetsee%2C%20C.%2C%20Nzima%2C%20N.%2C%20Scogings%2C%20P.%20F.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Staver%2C%20A.%20C.%20%282019%29.%20Severe%20drought%20limits%20trees%20in%20a%20semi%26%23×2010%3Barid%20savanna.%20%3Ci%3EEcology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20e02842.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fecy.2842%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fecy.2842%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DRXYKBC9K%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Severe%20drought%20limits%20trees%20in%20a%20semi%5Cu2010arid%20savanna%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Madelon%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Case%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Corli%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wigley%5Cu2010Coetsee%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Noel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nzima%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Scogings%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20Carla%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Staver%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019-07%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2Fecy.2842%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220012-9658%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A25%3A10Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22FX2CE9PH%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Collins%20and%20Hermes%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECollins%2C%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Hermes%2C%20J.%20C.%20%282019%29.%20Modelling%20the%20accumulation%20and%20transport%20of%20floating%20marine%20micro-plastics%20around%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EMarine%20Pollution%20Bulletin%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E139%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%2046%26%23×2013%3B58.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.marpolbul.2018.12.028%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.marpolbul.2018.12.028%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DFX2CE9PH%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Modelling%20the%20accumulation%20and%20transport%20of%20floating%20marine%20micro-plastics%20around%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Collins%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hermes%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Plastic%20pollution%20of%20South%20Africa%27s%20marine%20environment%20is%20widespread%2C%20yet%20limited%20research%20exists%20on%20the%20distribution%2C%20accumulation%20and%20transport%20of%20plastic%20debris%20around%20South%20Africa.%20In%20this%20paper%2C%20numerical%20modelling%20is%20used%20to%20provide%20a%20%5Cufb01rst%20approximation%20of%20the%20pathways%20and%20accumulation%20of%20marine%20micro-plastics%20around%20South%20Africa.%20To%20account%20for%20a%20range%20of%20plastic%20classes%2C%20particles%20with%20two%20di%5Cufb00erent%20densities%20are%20considered.%20Low-density%20%28LD%29%20particles%20represent%20low-%20and%20high-density%20polyethylene%20while%20high-density%20%28HD%29%20particles%20are%20representative%20of%20Polyethylene%20terephthalate%20and%20Polyvinyl%20chloride.%20While%20the%20majority%20of%20micro-plastic%20particles%20that%20enter%20the%20ocean%20from%20the%20%5Cufb01ve%20major%20coastal%20urban-industrialised%20centers%20beach%20along%20the%20coastline%20of%20South%20Africa%2C%20a%20third%20is%20exported%20to%20the%20open%20ocean.%20LD%20and%20HD%20particles%20are%20primarily%20exported%20to%20the%20South%20Atlantic%20and%20South%20Indian%20Ocean%2C%20respectively.%20Particles%20that%20beach%20along%20South%20Africa%27s%20coastline%20tend%20to%20accumulate%20in%20close%20proximity%20to%20the%20coastal%20urban-industrialised%20centers.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2202%5C%2F2019%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.marpolbul.2018.12.028%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220025326X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%5C%2Fretrieve%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0025326X18308798%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BGDWYJZJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-04-13T19%3A07%3A09Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22YJ54EKLD%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Cooke%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019-12%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECooke%2C%20R.%20S.%20C.%2C%20Eigenbrod%2C%20F.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Bates%2C%20A.%20E.%20%282019%29.%20Projected%20losses%20of%20global%20mammal%20and%20bird%20ecological%20strategies.%20%3Ci%3ENature%20Communications%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E10%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41467-019-10284-z%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41467-019-10284-z%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DYJ54EKLD%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Projected%20losses%20of%20global%20mammal%20and%20bird%20ecological%20strategies%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Robert%20S.C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cooke%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Felix%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Eigenbrod%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Amanda%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bates%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Species%2C%20and%20their%20ecological%20strategies%2C%20are%20disappearing.%20Here%20we%20use%20species%20traits%20to%20quantify%20the%20current%20and%20projected%20future%20ecological%20strategy%20diversity%20for%2015%2C484%20land%20mammals%20and%20birds.%20We%20reveal%20an%20ecological%20strategy%20surface%2C%20structured%20by%20life-history%20%28fast%5Cu2013slow%29%20and%20body%20mass%20%28small%5Cu2013large%29%20as%20one%20major%20axis%2C%20and%20diet%20%28invertivore%5Cu2013herbivore%29%20and%20habitat%20breadth%20%28generalist%5Cu2013specialist%29%20as%20the%20other.%20We%20also%20find%20that%20of%20all%20possible%20trait%20combinations%2C%20only%209%25%20are%20currently%20realized.%20Based%20on%20species%27%20extinction%20probabilities%2C%20we%20predict%20this%20limited%20set%20of%20viable%20strategies%20will%20shrink%20further%20over%20the%20next%20100%20years%2C%20shifting%20the%20mammal%20and%20bird%20species%20pool%20towards%20small%2C%20fast-lived%2C%20highly%20fecund%2C%20insect-eating%2C%20generalists.%20In%20fact%2C%20our%20results%20show%20that%20this%20projected%20decline%20in%20ecological%20strategy%20diversity%20is%20much%20greater%20than%20if%20species%20were%20simply%20lost%20at%20random.%20Thus%2C%20halting%20the%20disproportionate%20loss%20of%20ecological%20strategies%20associated%20with%20highly%20threatened%20animals%20represents%20a%20key%20challenge%20for%20conservation.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019-12%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1038%5C%2Fs41467-019-10284-z%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2220411723%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A13%3A42Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22AGEZDDCA%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Crous%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECrous%2C%20C.%20J.%20%282019%29.%20The%20darker%20side%20of%20quantitative%20academic%20performance%20metrics.%20%3Ci%3ESouth%20African%20Journal%20of%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E115%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%203.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.17159%5C%2Fsajs.2019%5C%2F5785%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.17159%5C%2Fsajs.2019%5C%2F5785%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DAGEZDDCA%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20darker%20side%20of%20quantitative%20academic%20performance%20metrics%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Crous%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.17159%5C%2Fsajs.2019%5C%2F5785%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22CM9YQJBN%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-15T08%3A05%3A48Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%224U2UCG2F%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Crous%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECrous%2C%20C.%20J.%2C%20Drake%2C%20D.%20C.%2C%20Jacobsen%2C%20A.%20L.%2C%20Pratt%2C%20R.%20B.%2C%20Jacobs%2C%20S.%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Esler%2C%20K.%20J.%20%282019%29.%20Foliar%20nitrogen%20dynamics%20of%20an%20invasive%20legume%20compared%20to%20native%20non-legumes%20in%20fynbos%20riparian%20zones%20varying%20in%20water%20availability.%20%3Ci%3EWater%20SA%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E45%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%207.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D4U2UCG2F%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Foliar%20nitrogen%20dynamics%20of%20an%20invasive%20legume%20compared%20to%20native%20non-legumes%20in%20fynbos%20riparian%20zones%20varying%20in%20water%20availability%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Casparus%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Crous%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Deanne%20C%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Drake%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anna%20L%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jacobsen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R%20Brandon%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pratt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Shayne%20M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jacobs%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Karen%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Esler%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20legume%20Acacia%20mearnsii%20invades%20South%20Africa%5Cu2019s%20fynbos%20riparian%20zones%20and%20may%20alter%20the%20nitrogen%20%28N%29%20dynamics%20and%20supply%20in%20these%20areas%20that%20typically%20support%20few%20native%20N%20fixers.%20Nitrogen%20uptake%20by%20A.%5Cu202fmearnsii%20may%20also%20be%20influenced%20by%20water%20availability%2C%20potentially%20affecting%20riparian-specific%20performance%20and%20impact%20estimations.%20We%20expected%20to%20find%20functional%20differences%20between%20the%20invasive%20legume%20and%20the%20two%20co-occurring%20but%20non-leguminous%20native%20species%20Brabejum%20stellatifolium%20and%20Metrosideros%20angustifolia.%20We%20also%20wanted%20to%20examine%20whether%20in-situ%20water%20availability%20affected%20N%20source%20or%20uptake%20in%20the%20invasive%20species.%20We%20found%20A.%5Cu202fmearnsii%20was%20indeed%20functioning%20differently%20from%20non-N-fixing%20native%20species%2C%20and%20had%20considerably%20higher%20foliar%20%25N.%20Interestingly%2C%2015N%20abundance%20and%20uptake%20were%20associated%20with%20site%20hydrology%2C%20meaning%20water%20availability%20should%20be%20scrutinised%20when%20assuming%20N-fixing%20in%20A.%5Cu202fmearnsii%20using%20%5Cu03b415N.%20Nonetheless%2C%20higher%20water%20availability%20to%20A.%5Cu202fmearnsii%20in%20fynbos%20riparian%20ecosystems%20did%20increase%20foliar%20N%20uptake.%20This%20has%20implications%20for%20prioritizing%20clearing%20of%20sites%20with%20increased%20nutrient%20deposition%2C%20such%20as%20dense%20stands%20in%20relatively%20moist%20riparian%20zones.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22CM9YQJBN%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-15T08%3A05%3A45Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22VIBFC2WW%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Crowther%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECrowther%2C%20T.%20W.%2C%20van%20den%20Hoogen%2C%20J.%2C%20Wan%2C%20J.%2C%20Mayes%2C%20M.%20A.%2C%20Keiser%2C%20A.%20D.%2C%20Mo%2C%20L.%2C%20Averill%2C%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Maynard%2C%20D.%20S.%20%282019%29.%20The%20global%20soil%20community%20and%20its%20influence%20on%20biogeochemistry.%20%3Ci%3EScience%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E365%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%286455%29.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1126%5C%2Fscience.aav0550%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1126%5C%2Fscience.aav0550%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DVIBFC2WW%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20global%20soil%20community%20and%20its%20influence%20on%20biogeochemistry%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Crowther%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22van%20den%20Hoogen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mayes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Keiser%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Averill%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maynard%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Soil%20organisms%20represent%20the%20most%20biologically%20diverse%20community%20on%20land%20and%20govern%20the%20turnover%20of%20the%20largest%20organic%20matter%20pool%20in%20the%20terrestrial%20biosphere.%20The%20highly%20complex%20nature%20of%20these%20communities%20at%20local%20scales%20has%20traditionally%20obscured%20efforts%20to%20identify%20unifying%20patterns%20in%20global%20soil%20biodiversity%20and%20biogeochemistry.%20As%20a%20result%2C%20environmental%20covariates%20have%20generally%20been%20used%20as%20a%20proxy%20to%20represent%20the%20variation%20in%20soil%20community%20activity%20in%20global%20biogeochemical%20models.%20Yet%20over%20the%20past%20decade%2C%20broad-scale%20studies%20have%20begun%20to%20see%20past%20this%20local%20heterogeneity%20to%20identify%20unifying%20patterns%20in%20the%20biomass%2C%20diversity%2C%20and%20composition%20of%20certain%20soil%20groups%20across%20the%20globe.%20These%20unifying%20patterns%20provide%20new%20insights%20into%20the%20fundamental%20distribution%20and%20dynamics%20of%20organic%20matter%20on%20land.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1126%5C%2Fscience.aav0550%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2210959203%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A08%3A56Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22I6AXDHYV%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Currie%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019-06%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECurrie%2C%20J.%20C.%2C%20Thorson%2C%20J.%20T.%2C%20Sink%2C%20K.%20J.%2C%20Atkinson%2C%20L.%20J.%2C%20Fairweather%2C%20T.%20P.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Winker%2C%20H.%20%282019%29.%20A%20novel%20approach%20to%20assess%20distribution%20trends%20from%20fisheries%20survey%20data.%20%3Ci%3EFisheries%20Research%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E214%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%2098%26%23×2013%3B109.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.fishres.2019.02.004%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.fishres.2019.02.004%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DI6AXDHYV%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20novel%20approach%20to%20assess%20distribution%20trends%20from%20fisheries%20survey%20data%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jock%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Currie%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22James%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thorson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kerry%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sink%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lara%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Atkinson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tracey%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fairweather%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Henning%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Winker%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22June%202019%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.fishres.2019.02.004%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2201657836%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%5C%2Fretrieve%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0165783619300414%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BGDWYJZJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-12-15T12%3A06%3A38Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22D54W37SD%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Currie%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECurrie%2C%20J.%20C.%2C%20Sink%2C%20K.%20J.%2C%20Attwood%2C%20C.%20G.%2C%20Atkinson%2C%20L.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Engelhard%2C%20G.%20H.%20%282019%29.%20Reconstructing%20the%20past%3A%20design%20and%20function%20of%20Granton%20otter%20trawl%20gear%20at%20the%20turn%20of%20the%20twentieth%20century%2C%20as%20used%20in%20South%20Africa%26%23×2019%3Bs%20first%20trawl%20surveys%20%281897%26%23×2013%3B1904%29.%20%3Ci%3EMaritime%20Studies%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E18%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%201%26%23×2013%3B16.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DD54W37SD%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Reconstructing%20the%20past%3A%20design%20and%20function%20of%20Granton%20otter%20trawl%20gear%20at%20the%20turn%20of%20the%20twentieth%20century%2C%20as%20used%20in%20South%20Africa%5Cu2019s%20first%20trawl%20surveys%20%281897%5Cu20131904%29%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jock%20C%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Currie%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kerry%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sink%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Colin%20G%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Attwood%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lara%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Atkinson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Georg%20H%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Engelhard%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221872-7859%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BGDWYJZJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-12-15T12%3A06%3A38Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22SGQJI9KC%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22d%27Hotman%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3Ed%26%23×2019%3BHotman%2C%20J.%20S.%2C%20Malan%2C%20N.%2C%20Collins%2C%20C.%2C%20Vos%2C%20M.%2C%20Lumpkin%2C%20R.%2C%20Morris%2C%20T.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Hermes%2C%20J.%20%282019%29.%20The%20Use%20of%20a%20Jet%20Reference%20Frame%20to%20Analyze%20Drifter%20Trajectories%20in%20the%20Agulhas%20Current.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Oceans%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E124%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%286%29%2C%204238%26%23×2013%3B4247.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2018JC014850%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2018JC014850%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DSGQJI9KC%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20Use%20of%20a%20Jet%20Reference%20Frame%20to%20Analyze%20Drifter%20Trajectories%20in%20the%20Agulhas%20Current%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jethan%20Shaun%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22d%27Hotman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Neil%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Malan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Charine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Collins%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marc%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vos%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rick%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lumpkin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tamaryn%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Morris%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Juliet%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hermes%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Studies%20based%20on%20drifters%20that%20are%20deployed%20using%20fixed%20geographical%20locations%20can%20alias%20the%20variability%20in%20the%20Agulhas%20Current.%20Numerical%20model%20simulations%20have%20shown%20that%20tracking%20particles%20using%20jet%20coordinate%20systems%20will%20improve%20our%20understanding%20of%20the%20variability%20in%20western%20boundary%20currents.%20In%20this%20study%20we%20use%20in%20situ%20observations%20to%20show%20the%20potential%20of%20quasi-Lagrangian%20measurements%20with%20an%20investigation%20into%20the%20relationship%20of%20the%20upstream%20surface%20velocity%20configuration%20and%20the%20trajectories%20surface%20drifters%20follow.%20Additionally%2C%20we%20use%20these%20drifters%2C%20along%20with%20ship-based%20measurements%2C%20to%20expose%20biases%20in%20satellite-derived%20geostrophic%20velocities%20in%20the%20Agulhas%20Current.%20Between%20September%201992%20and%20October%202017%2C%2049%20surface%20drifters%20crossed%20the%20altimeter%20track%20%23096%20in%20a%20nonmeandering%20state.%20Of%20the%2049%20surface%20drifters%2C%2016%20crossed%20inshore%20of%20the%20surface%20velocity%20maxima%2C%203%20of%20which%20leaked%20into%20the%20South%20Atlantic%20Ocean.%20Biases%20between%20altimetry-derived%20geostrophic%20velocities%20and%20absolute%20velocities%20from%20ship%20acoustic%20Doppler%20current%20profiler%20and%20drifters%20measurements%20have%20pointed%20toward%20surface%20drifters%20leaking%20from%20inshore%20of%20the%20Agulhas%20Current%20core%20in%20a%20region%20of%20high%20shear.%20However%2C%20the%20bias%20between%20these%20velocities%20is%20inconsistent%2C%20with%20the%20highest%20range%20in%20bias%20found%20inshore%20of%20the%20Agulhas%20Current%20core.%20Due%20to%20the%20lack%20of%20data%20in%20the%20Agulhas%20Current%20and%20various%20sources%20of%20error%2C%20much%20work%20remains%20to%20be%20done%20and%20results%20presented%20here%20may%20provide%20motivation%20for%20further%20targeted%20drifter%20deployments%20in%20the%20future.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2206%5C%2F2019%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2018JC014850%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222169-9275%2C%202169-9291%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2018JC014850%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BGDWYJZJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-04-13T19%3A09%3A51Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2234SIJPUM%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22de%20Camargo%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3Ede%20Camargo%2C%20U.%2C%20Roslin%2C%20T.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Ovaskainen%2C%20O.%20%282019%29.%20Spatio-temporal%20scaling%20of%20biodiversity%20in%20acoustic%20tropical%20bird%20communities.%20%3Ci%3EEcography%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E42%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2811%29%2C%201936%26%23×2013%3B1947.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fecog.04544%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fecog.04544%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D34SIJPUM%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Spatio-temporal%20scaling%20of%20biodiversity%20in%20acoustic%20tropical%20bird%20communities%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ulisses%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22de%20Camargo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tomas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roslin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Otso%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ovaskainen%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Automated%20analysis%20of%20acoustic%20communities%20is%20a%20rapidly%20emerging%20approach%20for%20the%20characterization%20and%20monitoring%20of%20biodiversity.%20To%20evaluate%20its%20utility%2C%20we%20should%20verify%20that%20such%20%5Cu2018bioacoustics%27%20can%20accurately%20detect%20ecological%20signal%20in%20spatiotemporal%20acoustic%20data.%20Targeting%20the%20%5Cu2018Biological%20Dynamics%20of%20Forest%20Fragments%20Project%27%20sites%20in%20Brazil%2C%20we%20ask%3A%20What%20is%20the%20relative%20contribution%20of%20the%20spatial%2C%20temporal%20and%20habitat%20dimension%20to%20variation%20in%20bird%20acoustic%20communities%20in%20a%20previously%20fragmented%20tropical%20rainforest%3F%20Does%20the%20functional%20diversity%20of%20bird%20communities%20scale%20similarly%20to%20space%20and%20time%20as%20does%20species%20diversity%2C%20when%20both%20are%20recorded%20by%20bioacoustics%20means%3F%20Overall%2C%20is%20the%20imprint%20of%20landscape%20fragmentation%2030%20years%20ago%20still%20audible%20in%20the%20present-day%20soundscape%3F%20We%20sampled%20forty-four%20sites%20in%20secondary%20forest%20and%20107%20sites%20in%20old-growth%20forest%2C%20resulting%20in%2011%20000%20h%20of%20audio%20recordings.%20We%20detected%2060%20bird%20species%20with%20satisfactory%20precision%20and%20recovered%20a%20linear%20log%5Cu2013log%20relation%20between%20sampling%20time%20and%20species%20diversity.%20Sites%20in%20primary%20forest%20host%20more%20species%20than%20sites%20in%20secondary%20forest%2C%20but%20the%20difference%20decreased%20with%20sampling%20time%2C%20as%20the%20slope%20was%20slightly%20higher%20in%20secondary%20than%20primary%20forests.%20Functional%20diversity%2C%20as%20exposed%20by%20vocalizing%20birds%2C%20accumulates%20faster%20than%20does%20species%20diversity.%20The%20similarity%20among%20local%20communities%20decreases%20with%20distance%20in%20both%20time%20and%20space%2C%20but%20stability%20in%20time%20is%20remarkably%20high%3A%20two%20acoustic%20samples%20from%20the%20same%20site%20one%20year%20%28or%20more%29%20apart%20prove%20more%20similar%20than%20two%20samples%20taken%20at%20the%20same%20time%20but%20from%20sites%20situated%20just%20a%20few%20hundred%20meters%20apart.%20These%20findings%20suggest%20that%20habitat%20modification%20can%20be%20heard%20as%20a%20long-lasting%20imprint%20on%20the%20soundscape%20of%20regenerating%20habitats%20and%20identify%20soundscape%5Cu2013area%20and%20soundscape%5Cu2013time%20relations%20as%20a%20promising%20tool%20for%20biodiversity%20research%2C%20applied%20biomonitoring%20and%20restoration%20ecology.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fecog.04544%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2216000587%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A10%3A02Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22EJR4QEW7%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22de%20Graaf%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3Ede%20Graaf%2C%20I.%20E.%20M.%2C%20Gleeson%2C%20T.%2C%20%28Rens%29%20van%20Beek%2C%20L.%20P.%20H.%2C%20Sutanudjaja%2C%20E.%20H.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Bierkens%2C%20M.%20F.%20P.%20%282019%29.%20Environmental%20flow%20limits%20to%20global%20groundwater%20pumping.%20%3Ci%3ENature%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E574%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%287776%29%2C%2090%26%23×2013%3B94.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41586-019-1594-4%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41586-019-1594-4%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DEJR4QEW7%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Environmental%20flow%20limits%20to%20global%20groundwater%20pumping%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Inge%20E.M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22de%20Graaf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tom%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gleeson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%20P.H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22%28Rens%29%20van%20Beek%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Edwin%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sutanudjaja%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marc%20F.P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bierkens%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Groundwater%20is%20the%20world%27s%20largest%20freshwater%20resource%20and%20is%20critically%20important%20for%20irrigation%2C%20and%20hence%20for%20global%20food%20security1%5Cu20133.%20Already%2C%20unsustainable%20groundwater%20pumping%20exceeds%20recharge%20from%20precipitation%20and%20rivers4%2C%20leading%20to%20substantial%20drops%20in%20the%20levels%20of%20groundwater%20and%20losses%20of%20groundwater%20from%20its%20storage%2C%20especially%20in%20intensively%20irrigated%20regions5%5Cu20137.%20When%20groundwater%20levels%20drop%2C%20discharges%20from%20groundwater%20to%20streams%20decline%2C%20reverse%20in%20direction%20or%20even%20stop%20completely%2C%20thereby%20decreasing%20streamflow%2C%20with%20potentially%20devastating%20effects%20on%20aquatic%20ecosystems.%20Here%20we%20link%20declines%20in%20the%20levels%20of%20groundwater%20that%20result%20from%20groundwater%20pumping%20to%20decreases%20in%20streamflow%20globally%2C%20and%20estimate%20where%20and%20when%20environmentally%20critical%20streamflows%5Cu2014which%20are%20required%20to%20maintain%20healthy%20ecosystems%5Cu2014will%20no%20longer%20be%20sustained.%20We%20estimate%20that%2C%20by%202050%2C%20environmental%20flow%20limits%20will%20be%20reached%20for%20approximately%2042%20to%2079%20per%20cent%20of%20the%20watersheds%20in%20which%20there%20is%20groundwater%20pumping%20worldwide%2C%20and%20that%20this%20will%20generally%20occur%20before%20substantial%20losses%20in%20groundwater%20storage%20are%20experienced.%20Only%20a%20small%20decline%20in%20groundwater%20level%20is%20needed%20to%20affect%20streamflow%2C%20making%20our%20estimates%20uncertain%20for%20streams%20near%20a%20transition%20to%20reversed%20groundwater%20discharge.%20However%2C%20for%20many%20areas%2C%20groundwater%20pumping%20rates%20are%20high%20and%20environmental%20flow%20limits%20are%20known%20to%20be%20severely%20exceeded.%20Compared%20to%20surface-water%20use%2C%20the%20effects%20of%20groundwater%20pumping%20are%20markedly%20delayed.%20Our%20results%20thus%20reveal%20the%20current%20and%20future%20environmental%20legacy%20of%20groundwater%20use.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1038%5C%2Fs41586-019-1594-4%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2214764687%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41586-019-1594-4%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A12%3A01Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22JSAJ2UKA%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Dean%20and%20Milton%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDean%2C%20W.%20R.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Milton%2C%20S.%20J.%20%282019%29.%20The%20dispersal%20and%20spread%20of%20invasive%20alien%20Myrtillocactus%20geometrizans%20in%20the%20southern%20Karoo%2C%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3ESouth%20African%20Journal%20of%20Botany%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E121%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%206.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.sajb.2018.11.005%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.sajb.2018.11.005%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DJSAJ2UKA%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20dispersal%20and%20spread%20of%20invasive%20alien%20Myrtillocactus%20geometrizans%20in%20the%20southern%20Karoo%2C%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W%20R%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dean%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Milton%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20invasion%20of%20Cactaceae%20into%20semi-arid%20and%20arid%20ecosystems%20in%20South%20Africa%20is%20of%20conservation%20concern%2C%20particularly%20those%20species%20that%20produce%20juicy%20fruit%20that%20attract%20avian%20frugivores.%20Bird-dispersed%20Bilberry%20Cactus%20%28Myrtillocactus%20geometrizans%29%20is%20invading%20natural%20areas%20around%20the%20village%20of%20Prince%20Albert%20and%20appears%20to%20have%20originated%20from%20a%20cactus%20collection%20that%20was%20established%20about%2040%20years%20ago%2C%20and%20from%20there%20has%20spread%20locally%20over%20an%20area%20of%20about%201%20km2.%20We%20surveyed%20the%20invaded%20area%2C%20recording%20a%20GPS%20point%20and%20size%20data%20for%20each%20of%20156%20Bilberry%20Cactus%20plants.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.sajb.2018.11.005%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220254-6299%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22CM9YQJBN%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-15T08%3A05%3A48Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22QX66KS5F%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Dean%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDean%2C%20R.%2C%20Melo%2C%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Mills%2C%20M.%20%282019%29.%20The%20Avifauna%20of%20Angola%3A%20Richness%2C%20Endemism%20and%20Rarity.%20In%20%3Ci%3EBiodiversity%20of%20Angola%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%281st%20ed.%29.%20Springer.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DQX66KS5F%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22bookSection%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20Avifauna%20of%20Angola%3A%20Richness%2C%20Endemism%20and%20Rarity%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Richard%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dean%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martim%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Melo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mills%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22bookTitle%22%3A%22Biodiversity%20of%20Angola%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22EN%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-3-030-03082-7%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22CM9YQJBN%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-15T08%3A05%3A48Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22FJL46BLF%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Dilmahamod%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDilmahamod%2C%20A.%20F.%2C%20Penven%2C%20P.%2C%20Aguiar%26%23×2010%3BGonz%26%23xE1%3Blez%2C%20B.%2C%20Reason%2C%20C.%20J.%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Hermes%2C%20J.%20C.%20%282019%29.%20A%20New%20Definition%20of%20the%20South%26%23×2010%3BEast%20Madagascar%20Bloom%20and%20Analysis%20of%20Its%20Variability.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Oceans%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E124%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%201717%26%23×2013%3B1735.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2018JC014582%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2018JC014582%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DFJL46BLF%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20New%20Definition%20of%20the%20South%5Cu2010East%20Madagascar%20Bloom%20and%20Analysis%20of%20Its%20Variability%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dilmahamod%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Penven%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Aguiar%5Cu2010Gonz%5Cu00e1lez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20J.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Reason%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hermes%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20South-East%20Madagascar%20Bloom%20occurs%20in%20an%20oligotrophic%20region%20of%20the%20southwest%20Indian%20Ocean.%20Phase%20locked%20to%20austral%20summer%2C%20this%20sporadic%20feature%20exhibits%20substantial%20temporal%20and%20spatial%20variability.%20Several%20studies%2C%20with%20different%20hypotheses%2C%20have%20focused%20on%20the%20initiation%20mechanism%20triggering%20the%20bloom%2C%20but%20none%20has%20been%20as%20yet%20clearly%20substantiated.%20With%2019%20years%20of%20ocean%20color%20data%20set%20available%20as%20well%20as%20in%20situ%20measurements%20%28Argo%20profiles%29%2C%20the%20time%20is%20ripe%20to%20review%20this%20feature.%20The%20bloom%20is%20characterized%20in%20a%20novel%20manner%2C%20and%20a%20new%20bloom%20index%20is%20suggested%2C%20yielding%2011%20bloom%20years%2C%20including%203%20major%20bloom%20years%20%281999%2C%202006%2C%20and%202008%29.%20Spatially%2C%20the%20bloom%20varies%20from%20a%20mean%20structure%20%2822%5Cu201332%5Cu25e6S%3B%2050%5Cu201370%5Cu25e6E%29%20both%20zonally%20and%20meridionally.%20A%20colocation%20analysis%20of%20Argo%20profiles%20and%20chlorophyll-a%20data%20revealed%20a%20bloom%20occurrence%20in%20a%20shallow-stratified%20layer%2C%20with%20low-salinity%20water%20in%20the%20surface%20layers.%20Additionally%2C%20a%20quantitative%20assessment%20of%20the%20previous%20hypotheses%20is%20performed%20and%20bloom%20occurrence%20is%20found%20to%20coincide%20with%20La%20Ni%5Cu00f1a%20events%20and%20reduced%20upwelling%20intensity%20south%20of%20Madagascar.%20A%20stronger%20South-East%20Madagascar%20Current%20during%20La%20Ni%5Cu00f1a%20may%20support%20a%20detachment%20of%20the%20current%20from%20the%20coasts%2C%20dampening%20the%20upwelling%20south%20of%20Madagascar%2C%20and%20feeding%20low-salinity%20waters%20into%20the%20Madagascar%20Basin%2C%20hence%20increasing%20stratification.%20Along%20with%20abundance%20of%20light%2C%20these%20provide%20the%20right%20conditions%20for%20a%20nitrogen-fixing%20cyanobacterial%20phytoplankton%20bloom%20onset.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2203%5C%2F2019%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2018JC014582%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222169-9275%2C%202169-9291%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2018JC014582%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BGDWYJZJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-04-13T19%3A10%3A58Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22BTZDY4TF%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ecology%20and%20Fairbanks%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EEcology%2C%20S.%20P.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Fairbanks%2C%20D.%20H.%20K.%20%282019%29.%20%3Ci%3EPhysio-Climatic%20Classification%20of%20South%20Africa%20%26%23×2019%3B%20s%20Woodland%20Biome%20Author%20%28%20s%20%29%3A%20Dean%20H%20.%20K%20.%20Fairbanks%20Published%20by%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20Springer%20Stable%20URL%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.jstor.org%5C%2Fstable%5C%2F20050956%20Physio-climatic%20classification%20of%20South%20Africa%20%26%23×2019%3B%20s%20woodland%20biome%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ci%3E149%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%2071%26%23×2013%3B89.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DBTZDY4TF%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Physio-Climatic%20Classification%20of%20South%20Africa%20%27%20s%20Woodland%20Biome%20Author%20%28%20s%20%29%3A%20Dean%20H%20.%20K%20.%20Fairbanks%20Published%20by%20%3A%20Springer%20Stable%20URL%20%3A%20https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.jstor.org%5C%2Fstable%5C%2F20050956%20Physio-climatic%20classification%20of%20South%20Africa%20%27%20s%20woodland%20biome%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Source%20Plant%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ecology%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dean%20H%20K%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fairbanks%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A45%3A13Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22YDRK8VRK%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Epstein%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EEpstein%2C%20H.%20E.%2C%20Lauenroth%2C%20W.%20K.%2C%20Paruelo%2C%20J.%20M.%2C%20Pi%26%23xF1%3Beiro%2C%20G.%2C%20Burke%2C%20I.%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Barrett%2C%20J.%20E.%20%282019%29.%20Interactions%20of%20water%20and%20nitrogen%20on%20primary%20productivity%20across%20spatial%20and%20temporal%20scales%20in%20grassland%20and%20shrubland%20ecosystems.%20%3Ci%3EDryland%20Ecohydrology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E2001%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20417%26%23×2013%3B437.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2F978-3-030-23269-6_16%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2F978-3-030-23269-6_16%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DYDRK8VRK%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Interactions%20of%20water%20and%20nitrogen%20on%20primary%20productivity%20across%20spatial%20and%20temporal%20scales%20in%20grassland%20and%20shrubland%20ecosystems%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Epstein%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lauenroth%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Paruelo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pi%5Cu00f1eiro%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22I.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Burke%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Barrett%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2F978-3-030-23269-6_16%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A09%3A32Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22JBVRLTVZ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Fayolle%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFayolle%2C%20A.%2C%20Swaine%2C%20M.%20D.%2C%20Aleman%2C%20J.%2C%20Azihou%2C%20A.%20F.%2C%20Bauman%2C%20D.%2C%20te%20Beest%2C%20M.%2C%20Chidumayo%2C%20E.%20N.%2C%20Cromsigt%2C%20J.%20P.%20G.%20M.%2C%20Dessard%2C%20H.%2C%20Finckh%2C%20M.%2C%20Gon%26%23xE7%3Balves%2C%20F.%20M.%20P.%2C%20Gillet%2C%20J.-F.%2C%20Gorel%2C%20A.%2C%20Hick%2C%20A.%2C%20Holdo%2C%20R.%2C%20Kirunda%2C%20B.%2C%20Mahy%2C%20G.%2C%20McNicol%2C%20I.%2C%20Ryan%2C%20C.%20M.%2C%20%26%23×2026%3B%20Woollen%2C%20E.%20%282019%29.%20A%20sharp%20floristic%20discontinuity%20revealed%20by%20the%20biogeographic%20regionalization%20of%20African%20savannas.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Biogeography%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E46%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20454%26%23×2013%3B465.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fjbi.13475%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fjbi.13475%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DJBVRLTVZ%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20sharp%20floristic%20discontinuity%20revealed%20by%20the%20biogeographic%20regionalization%20of%20African%20savannas%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adeline%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fayolle%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Swaine%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Julie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Aleman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Akomian%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Azihou%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bauman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mariska%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22te%20Beest%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Emmanuel%20N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chidumayo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joris%20P.%20G.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cromsigt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H%5Cu00e9l%5Cu00e8ne%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dessard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Manfred%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Finckh%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Francisco%20Maiato%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gon%5Cu00e7alves%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean-Francois%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gillet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anais%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gorel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Aur%5Cu00e9lie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hick%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ricardo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Holdo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ben%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kirunda%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gregory%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mahy%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Iain%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McNicol%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Casey%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ryan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rasmus%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Revermann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Plumptre%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rose%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pritchard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paula%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nieto-Quintano%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christine%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schmitt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Josiane%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Seghieri%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anthony%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Swemmer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Habte%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Talila%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Emily%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Woollen%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Aim%3A%20In%20tropical%20Africa%2C%20savannas%20cover%20huge%20areas%2C%20have%20high%20plant%20species%20richness%20and%20are%20considered%20as%20a%20major%20natural%20resource%20for%20most%20countries.%20There%20is%2C%20however%2C%20little%20information%20available%20on%20their%20floristics%20and%20biogeography%20at%20the%20continental%20scale%2C%20despite%20the%20importance%20of%20such%20information%20for%20our%20understanding%20of%20the%20drivers%20of%20species%20diversity%20at%20various%20scales%20and%20for%20effective%20conservation%20and%20management.%20Here%2C%20we%20collated%20and%20analysed%20floristic%20data%20from%20across%20the%20continent%20in%20order%20to%20propose%20a%20biogeographical%20regionalization%20for%20African%20savannas.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2202%5C%2F2019%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fjbi.13475%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2203050270%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.wiley.com%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fjbi.13475%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%228VPML3VD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-06-30T13%3A45%3A52Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%227T24H94D%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Fayolle%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFayolle%2C%20A.%2C%20Swaine%2C%20M.%20D.%2C%20Aleman%2C%20J.%2C%20Azihou%2C%20A.%20F.%2C%20Bauman%2C%20D.%2C%20te%20Beest%2C%20M.%2C%20Chidumayo%2C%20E.%20N.%2C%20Cromsigt%2C%20J.%20P.%20G.%20M.%2C%20Dessard%2C%20H.%2C%20Finckh%2C%20M.%2C%20Gon%26%23xE7%3Balves%2C%20F.%20M.%20P.%2C%20Gillet%2C%20J.-F.%2C%20Gorel%2C%20A.%2C%20Hick%2C%20A.%2C%20Holdo%2C%20R.%2C%20Kirunda%2C%20B.%2C%20Mahy%2C%20G.%2C%20McNicol%2C%20I.%2C%20Ryan%2C%20C.%20M.%2C%20%26%23×2026%3B%20Woollen%2C%20E.%20%282019%29.%20A%20sharp%20floristic%20discontinuity%20revealed%20by%20the%20biogeographic%20regionalization%20of%20African%20savannas.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Biogeography%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E46%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fjbi.13475%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fjbi.13475%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D7T24H94D%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20sharp%20floristic%20discontinuity%20revealed%20by%20the%20biogeographic%20regionalization%20of%20African%20savannas%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fayolle%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Swaine%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Aleman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Azihou%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bauman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22te%20Beest%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chidumayo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.P.G.M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cromsigt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dessard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Finckh%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22F.M.P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gon%5Cu00e7alves%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.-F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gillet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gorel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hick%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Holdo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kirunda%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mahy%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22I.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McNicol%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ryan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Revermann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Plumptre%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pritchard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nieto-Quintano%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schmitt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Seghieri%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Swemmer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Talila%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Woollen%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%5Cu00a9%202018%20John%20Wiley%20%26%20Sons%20Ltd%20Aim%3A%20In%20tropical%20Africa%2C%20savannas%20cover%20huge%20areas%2C%20have%20high%20plant%20species%20richness%20and%20are%20considered%20as%20a%20major%20natural%20resource%20for%20most%20countries.%20There%20is%2C%20however%2C%20little%20information%20available%20on%20their%20floristics%20and%20biogeography%20at%20the%20continental%20scale%2C%20despite%20the%20importance%20of%20such%20information%20for%20our%20understanding%20of%20the%20drivers%20of%20species%20diversity%20at%20various%20scales%20and%20for%20effective%20conservation%20and%20management.%20Here%2C%20we%20collated%20and%20analysed%20floristic%20data%20from%20across%20the%20continent%20in%20order%20to%20propose%20a%20biogeographical%20regionalization%20for%20African%20savannas.%20Location%3A%20We%20collated%20floristic%20information%20%28specifically%20woody%20species%20lists%29%20for%20298%20samples%20of%20savanna%20vegetation%20across%20Africa%2C%20extending%20from%2018%5Cu00b0%20N%20to%2033%5Cu00b0%20S%20and%20from%2017%5Cu00b0%20W%20to%2048%5Cu00b0%20E.%20Taxa%3A%20We%20focused%20on%20native%20woody%20species.%20Methods%3A%20We%20used%20ordination%20and%20clustering%20to%20identify%20the%20floristic%20discontinuities%20and%20gradual%20transitions%20across%20African%20savannas.%20Floristic%20relationships%2C%20specificity%20and%20turnover%2C%20within%20and%20between%20floristic%20clusters%2C%20were%20analysed%20using%20a%20%28dis-%29similarity-based%20approach.%20Results%3A%20We%20identified%20eight%20floristic%20clusters%20across%20African%20savannas%20which%20in%20turn%20were%20grouped%20into%20two%20larger%20macro-units.%20Ordinations%20at%20species%20and%20genus%20levels%20showed%20a%20clear%20differentiation%20in%20woody%20species%20composition%20between%20the%20North%5C%2FWest%20macro-unit%20and%20the%20South%5C%2FEast%20macro-unit.%20This%20floristic%20discontinuity%20matches%20to%20the%20High%20%28i.e.%20N%26W%29%20and%20Low%20%28S%26E%29%20division%20of%20Africa%20previously%20proposed%20by%20White%20%28%29%20and%20which%20tracks%20climatic%20and%20topographical%20variation.%20In%20the%20N%26W%20savannas%2C%20the%20floristic%20gradient%20determined%20by%20rainfall%20was%20partitioned%20into%20the%20Sudanian%20%28drier%29%20and%20Guinean%20%28wetter%29%20clusters.%20Within%20the%20highly%20heterogeneous%20S%26E%20savannas%20and%20woodlands%2C%20six%20clusters%20were%20identified%3A%20Ugandan%2C%20Ethiopian%2C%20Mozambican%2C%20Zambezian%2C%20Namibian%20and%20South%20African.%20Main%20conclusions%3A%20The%20proposed%20pan-African%20classification%20of%20savannas%20and%20woodlands%20might%20assist%20the%20development%20of%20coordinated%20management%20and%20conservation%20policies.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fjbi.13475%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2213652699%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A14%3A43Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22KPQ8JN8S%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ferreira%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFerreira%2C%20S.%20M.%2C%20le%20Roex%2C%20N.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Greaver%2C%20C.%20%282019%29.%20Species-specific%20drought%20impacts%20on%20black%20and%20white%20rhinoceroses.%20%3Ci%3EPLoS%20ONE%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E14%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%201%26%23×2013%3B11.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0209678%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0209678%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DKPQ8JN8S%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Species-specific%20drought%20impacts%20on%20black%20and%20white%20rhinoceroses%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sam%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ferreira%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nikki%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22le%20Roex%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cathy%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Greaver%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Unrelenting%20poaching%20to%20feed%20the%20illegal%20trafficking%20of%20rhinoceros%20%28rhino%29%20horn%20remains%20the%20principle%20threat%20to%20the%20persistence%20of%20south-central%20black%20and%20southern%20white%20rhino%20that%20live%20in%20the%20Kruger%20National%20Park%20%28Kruger%29%2C%20South%20Africa.%20Other%20global%20environmental%20change%20drivers%2C%20such%20as%20unpredictable%20climatic%20conditions%2C%20impose%20additional%20uncertainties%20on%20the%20management%20and%20persistence%20of%20these%20species.%20The%20drought%20experienced%20in%20Kruger%20over%20the%202015%5C%2F2016%20rainy%20season%20may%20have%20affected%20rhino%20population%20growth%20and%20thus%20added%20an%20additional%20population%20pressure%20to%20the%20poaching%20pressure%20already%20occurring.%20Under%20drought%20conditions%2C%20reduced%20grass%20biomass%20predicts%20increased%20natural%20deaths%20and%20a%20subsequent%20decrease%20in%20birth%20rate%20for%20the%20grazing%20white%20rhino.%20Such%20variance%20in%20natural%20death%20and%20birth%20rates%20for%20the%20browsing%20black%20rhino%20are%20not%20expected%20under%20these%20conditions.%20We%20evaluated%20these%20predictions%20using%20rhino%20population%20survey%20data%20from%202013%20to%202017.%20Comparisons%20of%20natural%20deaths%20and%20birth%20rates%20between%20pre-%20%282013%5C%2F2014%20and%202014%5C%2F15%29%2C%20during-%282015%5C%2F2016%29%20and%20post-drought%20%282016%5C%2F2017%29%20periods%20in%20Kruger%20showed%20increased%20natural%20mortality%20and%20decreased%20births%20for%20white%20rhino%2C%20but%20no%20significant%20changes%20for%20black%20rhino%2C%20supporting%20our%20predictions.%20As%20a%20result%2C%20despite%20reduced%20poaching%20rates%2C%20the%20total%20mortality%20rate%20of%20white%20rhino%20remains%20significantly%20higher%20than%20the%20birth%20rate.%20Decreased%20poaching%2C%20decreased%20natural%20deaths%20and%20no%20apparent%20drought%20effects%20in%20black%20rhino%20resulted%20in%20a%20lower%20total%20mortality%20rate%20than%20the%20estimated%20birth%20rate%20in%202017.%20Active%20biological%20management%20and%20traditional%20anti-poaching%20initiatives%20together%20therefore%20represent%20the%20most%20likely%20way%20to%20buffer%20the%20impacts%20of%20decreased%20population%20growth%20through%20climate%20change%20and%20wildlife%20crime%20on%20the%20persistence%20of%20rhinos.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0209678%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2219326203%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi.org%5C%2F10.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0209678%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A03%3A18Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22PAY632TY%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ferreira%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFerreira%2C%20S.%20M.%2C%20le%20Roex%2C%20N.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Greaver%2C%20C.%20%282019%29.%20Species-specific%20drought%20impacts%20on%20black%20and%20white%20rhinoceroses.%20%3Ci%3EPLOS%20ONE%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E14%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%20e0209678.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0209678%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0209678%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DPAY632TY%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Species-specific%20drought%20impacts%20on%20black%20and%20white%20rhinoceroses%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sam%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ferreira%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nikki%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22le%20Roex%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cathy%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Greaver%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elissa%20Z.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cameron%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Unrelenting%20poaching%20to%20feed%20the%20illegal%20trafficking%20of%20rhinoceros%20%28rhino%29%20horn%20remains%20the%20principle%20threat%20to%20the%20persistence%20of%20south-central%20black%20and%20southern%20white%20rhino%20that%20live%20in%20the%20Kruger%20National%20Park%20%28Kruger%29%2C%20South%20Africa.%20Other%20global%20environmental%20change%20drivers%2C%20such%20as%20unpredictable%20climatic%20conditions%2C%20impose%20additional%20uncertainties%20on%20the%20management%20and%20persistence%20of%20these%20species.%20The%20drought%20experienced%20in%20Kruger%20over%20the%202015%5C%2F2016%20rainy%20season%20may%20have%20affected%20rhino%20population%20growth%20and%20thus%20added%20an%20additional%20population%20pressure%20to%20the%20poaching%20pressure%20already%20occurring.%20Under%20drought%20conditions%2C%20reduced%20grass%20biomass%20predicts%20increased%20natural%20deaths%20and%20a%20subsequent%20decrease%20in%20birth%20rate%20for%20the%20grazing%20white%20rhino.%20Such%20variance%20in%20natural%20death%20and%20birth%20rates%20for%20the%20browsing%20black%20rhino%20are%20not%20expected%20under%20these%20conditions.%20We%20evaluated%20these%20predictions%20using%20rhino%20population%20survey%20data%20from%202013%20to%202017.%20Comparisons%20of%20natural%20deaths%20and%20birth%20rates%20between%20pre-%20%282013%5C%2F2014%20and%202014%5C%2F15%29%2C%20during-%20%282015%5C%2F2016%29%20and%20post-drought%20%282016%5C%2F2017%29%20periods%20in%20Kruger%20showed%20increased%20natural%20mortality%20and%20decreased%20births%20for%20white%20rhino%2C%20but%20no%20significant%20changes%20for%20black%20rhino%2C%20supporting%20our%20predictions.%20As%20a%20result%2C%20despite%20reduced%20poaching%20rates%2C%20the%20total%20mortality%20rate%20of%20white%20rhino%20remains%20significantly%20higher%20than%20the%20birth%20rate.%20Decreased%20poaching%2C%20decreased%20natural%20deaths%20and%20no%20apparent%20drought%20effects%20in%20black%20rhino%20resulted%20in%20a%20lower%20total%20mortality%20rate%20than%20the%20estimated%20birth%20rate%20in%202017.%20Active%20biological%20management%20and%20traditional%20anti-poaching%20initiatives%20together%20therefore%20represent%20the%20most%20likely%20way%20to%20buffer%20the%20impacts%20of%20decreased%20population%20growth%20through%20climate%20change%20and%20wildlife%20crime%20on%20the%20persistence%20of%20rhinos.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019-01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0209678%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221932-6203%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.plos.org%5C%2F10.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0209678%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A14%3A42Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%225D8477LM%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Firn%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFirn%2C%20J.%2C%20McGree%2C%20J.%20M.%2C%20Harvey%2C%20E.%2C%20Flores-Moreno%2C%20H.%2C%20Sch%26%23xFC%3Btz%2C%20M.%2C%20Buckley%2C%20Y.%20M.%2C%20Borer%2C%20E.%20T.%2C%20Seabloom%2C%20E.%20W.%2C%20La%20Pierre%2C%20K.%20J.%2C%20MacDougall%2C%20A.%20M.%2C%20Prober%2C%20S.%20M.%2C%20Stevens%2C%20C.%20J.%2C%20Sullivan%2C%20L.%20L.%2C%20Porter%2C%20E.%2C%20Ladouceur%2C%20E.%2C%20Allen%2C%20C.%2C%20Moromizato%2C%20K.%20H.%2C%20Morgan%2C%20J.%20W.%2C%20Harpole%2C%20W.%20S.%2C%20%26%23×2026%3B%20Risch%2C%20A.%20C.%20%282019%29.%20Leaf%20nutrients%2C%20not%20specific%20leaf%20area%2C%20are%20consistent%20indicators%20of%20elevated%20nutrient%20inputs.%20%3Ci%3ENature%20Ecology%20and%20Evolution%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E3%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%20400%26%23×2013%3B406.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41559-018-0790-1%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41559-018-0790-1%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D5D8477LM%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Leaf%20nutrients%2C%20not%20specific%20leaf%20area%2C%20are%20consistent%20indicators%20of%20elevated%20nutrient%20inputs%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jennifer%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Firn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22James%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McGree%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eric%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Harvey%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Habacuc%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Flores-Moreno%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sch%5Cu00fctz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yvonne%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Buckley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elizabeth%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Borer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eric%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Seabloom%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kimberly%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22La%20Pierre%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22MacDougall%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Suzanne%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Prober%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Carly%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stevens%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lauren%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sullivan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Erica%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Porter%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Emma%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ladouceur%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Charlotte%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Allen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Karine%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moromizato%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Morgan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%20Stanley%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Harpole%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yann%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hautier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nico%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Eisenhauer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Justin%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wright%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Adler%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Carlos%20Alberto%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Arnillas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jonathan%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bakker%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lori%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Biederman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Arthur%20A.D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Broadbent%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cynthia%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Brown%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Miguel%20N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bugalho%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Maria%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Caldeira%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elsa%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cleland%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anne%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ebeling%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Philip%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fay%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicole%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hagenah%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kleinhesselink%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rachel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mitchell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joslin%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moore%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Carla%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nogueira%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pablo%20Luis%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Peri%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christiane%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roscher%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Melinda%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Smith%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wragg%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anita%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Risch%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Leaf%20traits%20are%20frequently%20measured%20in%20ecology%20to%20provide%20a%20%5Cu2018common%20currency%27%20for%20predicting%20how%20anthropogenic%20pressures%20impact%20ecosystem%20function.%20Here%2C%20we%20test%20whether%20leaf%20traits%20consistently%20respond%20to%20experimental%20treatments%20across%2027%20globally%20distributed%20grassland%20sites%20across%204%20continents.%20We%20find%20that%20specific%20leaf%20area%20%28leaf%20area%20per%20unit%20mass%29%5Cu2014a%20commonly%20measured%20morphological%20trait%20inferring%20shifts%20between%20plant%20growth%20strategies%5Cu2014did%20not%20respond%20to%20up%20to%20four%20years%20of%20soil%20nutrient%20additions.%20Leaf%20nitrogen%2C%20phosphorus%20and%20potassium%20concentrations%20increased%20in%20response%20to%20the%20addition%20of%20each%20respective%20soil%20nutrient.%20We%20found%20few%20significant%20changes%20in%20leaf%20traits%20when%20vertebrate%20herbivores%20were%20excluded%20in%20the%20short-term.%20Leaf%20nitrogen%20and%20potassium%20concentrations%20were%20positively%20correlated%20with%20species%20turnover%2C%20suggesting%20that%20interspecific%20trait%20variation%20was%20a%20significant%20predictor%20of%20leaf%20nitrogen%20and%20potassium%2C%20but%20not%20of%20leaf%20phosphorus%20concentration.%20Climatic%20conditions%20and%20pretreatment%20soil%20nutrient%20levels%20also%20accounted%20for%20significant%20amounts%20of%20variation%20in%20the%20leaf%20traits%20measured.%20Overall%2C%20we%20find%20that%20leaf%20morphological%20traits%2C%20such%20as%20specific%20leaf%20area%2C%20are%20not%20appropriate%20indicators%20of%20plant%20response%20to%20anthropogenic%20perturbations%20in%20grasslands.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1038%5C%2Fs41559-018-0790-1%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222397334X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A55%3A12Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22NYHLMZ3R%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Fitzpatrick%20and%20Dunn%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFitzpatrick%2C%20M.%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Dunn%2C%20R.%20R.%20%282019%29.%20Contemporary%20climatic%20analogs%20for%20540%20North%20American%20urban%20areas%20in%20the%20late%2021st%20century.%20%3Ci%3ENature%20Communications%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E10%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%201%26%23×2013%3B7.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41467-019-08540-3%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41467-019-08540-3%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DNYHLMZ3R%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Contemporary%20climatic%20analogs%20for%20540%20North%20American%20urban%20areas%20in%20the%20late%2021st%20century%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Matthew%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fitzpatrick%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Robert%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dunn%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22A%20major%20challenge%20in%20articulating%20human%20dimensions%20of%20climate%20change%20lies%20in%20translating%20global%20climate%20forecasts%20into%20impact%20assessments%20that%20are%20intuitive%20to%20the%20public.%20Climate-analog%20mapping%20involves%20matching%20the%20expected%20future%20climate%20at%20a%20location%20%28e.g.%2C%20a%20person%27s%20city%20of%20residence%29%20with%20current%20climate%20of%20another%2C%20potentially%20familiar%2C%20location%20-%20thereby%20providing%20a%20more%20relatable%2C%20place-based%20assessment%20of%20climate%20change.%20For%20540%20North%20American%20urban%20areas%2C%20we%20used%20climate-analog%20mapping%20to%20identify%20the%20location%20that%20has%20a%20contemporary%20climate%20most%20similar%20to%20each%20urban%20area%27s%20expected%202080%27s%20climate.%20We%20show%20that%20climate%20of%20most%20urban%20areas%20will%20shift%20considerably%20and%20become%20either%20more%20akin%20to%20contemporary%20climates%20hundreds%20of%20kilometers%20away%20and%20mainly%20to%20the%20south%20or%20will%20have%20no%20modern%20equivalent.%20Combined%20with%20an%20interactive%20web%20application%2C%20we%20provide%20an%20intuitive%20means%20of%20raising%20public%20awareness%20of%20the%20implications%20of%20climate%20change%20for%20250%20million%20urban%20residents.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1038%5C%2Fs41467-019-08540-3%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2220411723%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41467-019-08540-3%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A04%3A03Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22YXYHTEWX%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Fowler%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFowler%2C%20M.%20D.%2C%20Kooperman%2C%20G.%20J.%2C%20Randerson%2C%20J.%20T.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Pritchard%2C%20M.%20S.%20%282019%29.%20The%20effect%20of%20plant%20physiological%20responses%20to%20rising%20CO2%20on%20global%20streamflow.%20%3Ci%3ENature%20Climate%20Change%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E9%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2811%29%2C%20873%26%23×2013%3B879.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41558-019-0602-x%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41558-019-0602-x%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DYXYHTEWX%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20effect%20of%20plant%20physiological%20responses%20to%20rising%20CO2%20on%20global%20streamflow%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Megan%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fowler%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gabriel%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kooperman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22James%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Randerson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pritchard%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22River%20flow%20statistics%20are%20expected%20to%20change%20as%20a%20result%20of%20increasing%20atmospheric%20CO2%20but%20uncertainty%20in%20Earth%20system%20model%20projections%20is%20high.%20While%20this%20is%20partly%20driven%20by%20changing%20precipitation%2C%20with%20well-known%20Earth%20system%20model%20uncertainties%2C%20here%20we%20show%20that%20the%20influence%20of%20plant%20stomatal%20conductance%20feedbacks%20can%20cause%20equally%20large%20changes%20in%20regional%20flood%20extremes%20and%20even%20act%20as%20the%20main%20control%20on%20future%20low%20latitude%20streamflow.%20Over%20most%20tropical%20land%20masses%2C%20modern%20climate%20predictions%20suggest%20that%20plant%20physiological%20effects%20will%20boost%20streamflow%2C%20overwhelming%20opposing%20effects%20of%20soil%20drying%20driven%20by%20the%20effects%20of%20CO2%20on%20atmospheric%20radiation%2C%20warming%20and%20rainfall%20redistribution.%20The%20relatively%20unknown%20uncertainties%20in%20representing%20eco-physiological%20processes%20must%20therefore%20be%20better%20constrained%20in%20land-surface%20models.%20To%20this%20end%2C%20we%20identify%20a%20distinct%20plant%20physiological%20fingerprint%20on%20annual%20peak%2C%20low%20and%20mean%20discharge%20throughout%20the%20tropics%20and%20identify%20river%20basins%20where%20physiological%20responses%20dominate%20radiative%20responses%20to%20rising%20CO2%20in%20modern%20climate%20projections.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1038%5C%2Fs41558-019-0602-x%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2217586798%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41558-019-0602-x%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A11%3A58Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22GLQIIBMT%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Garbowski%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019-12%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGarbowski%2C%20M.%2C%20Brown%2C%20C.%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Johnston%2C%20D.%20B.%20%282019%29.%20Soil%20amendment%20interacts%20with%20invasive%20grass%20and%20drought%20to%20uniquely%20influence%20aboveground%20versus%20belowground%20biomass%20in%20aridland%20restoration.%20%3Ci%3ERestoration%20Ecology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20rec.13083.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Frec.13083%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Frec.13083%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DGLQIIBMT%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Soil%20amendment%20interacts%20with%20invasive%20grass%20and%20drought%20to%20uniquely%20influence%20aboveground%20versus%20belowground%20biomass%20in%20aridland%20restoration%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Magda%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Garbowski%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cynthia%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Brown%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Danielle%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Johnston%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019-12%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Frec.13083%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221061-2971%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Frec.13083%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A13%3A35Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22MKMSPN6I%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Gokool%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGokool%2C%20S.%2C%20Riddell%2C%20E.%20S.%2C%20Nel%2C%20J.%20M.%2C%20Raubenheimer%2C%20R.%2C%20Strydom%2C%20T.%2C%20Swemmer%2C%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Chetty%2C%20K.%20T.%20%282019%29.%20Quantifying%20the%20contribution%20of%20riparian%20total%20evaporation%20to%20streamflow%20transmission%20losses%3A%20Preliminary%20investigations%20along%20the%20Groot%20Letaba%20river.%20%3Ci%3EPhysics%20and%20Chemistry%20of%20the%20Earth%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E114%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%28February%29%2C%20102805.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.pce.2019.11.002%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.pce.2019.11.002%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DMKMSPN6I%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Quantifying%20the%20contribution%20of%20riparian%20total%20evaporation%20to%20streamflow%20transmission%20losses%3A%20Preliminary%20investigations%20along%20the%20Groot%20Letaba%20river%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gokool%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Riddell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Raubenheimer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Strydom%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Swemmer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chetty%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20Groot%20Letaba%20River%2C%20situated%20in%20the%20semi-arid%20north-eastern%20region%20of%20South%20Africa%20is%20an%20example%20of%20a%20river%20system%20in%20which%20the%20uncertainty%20associated%20with%20transmission%20losses%20%28TL%29%20has%20limited%20the%20effective%20management%20of%20environmental%20water%20requirement%20%28EWR%29%20flows.%20TL%20along%20the%20river%20significantly%20impacts%20EWR%20flows%2C%20as%20it%20is%20often%20the%20case%20that%20specified%20EWR%20releases%20are%20not%20adequately%20received%20further%20downstream.%20Due%20to%20the%20limited%20understanding%20of%20the%20magnitude%20of%20TL%2C%20as%20well%20as%20the%20dominant%20contributing%20processes%20to%20TL%20within%20the%20region%2C%20it%20remains%20a%20challenge%20to%20operate%20the%20river%20using%20downstream%20targets%20far%20from%20the%20source%20of%20operations.%20In%20an%20attempt%20to%20address%20this%20knowledge%20gap%2C%20detailed%20characterizations%20of%20hydrological%20processes%20were%20performed%20along%20the%20lower%20reaches%20of%20the%20river%2C%20which%20centred%20around%20the%20estimation%20of%20riparian%20total%20evaporation%20and%20quantifying%20the%20rapport%20between%20surface%20and%20subsurface%20water%20flow%20processes.%20Riparian%20total%20evaporation%20was%20estimated%20using%20the%20satellite-based%20surface%20energy%20balance%20system%20model%2C%20soil%20water%20evaporation%20measurements%20and%20open%20water%20evaporation%20estimates.%20Losses%20from%20the%20river%20to%20the%20adjacent%20aquifer%20were%20determined%20from%20the%20continuous%20monitoring%20of%20the%20groundwater%20phreatic%20surface%20and%20characterization%20of%20aquifer%20hydraulic%20properties.%20The%20results%20of%20these%20investigations%20indicated%20that%20present%20flows%20within%20the%20system%20are%20likely%20to%20be%20insufficient%20to%20satisfy%20gazetted%20median%20and%20extreme%20low%20flow%20targets.%20Overall%2C%20the%20study%20details%20key%20hydrological%20processes%20influencing%20TL%20along%20the%20river.%20It%20should%2C%20however%2C%20be%20noted%20that%20these%20observations%20only%20provide%20an%20understanding%20of%20the%20system%20over%20a%20limited%20observation%20period.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.pce.2019.11.002%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2214747065%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.pce.2019.11.002%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A06%3A59Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%222CXX7PL9%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Graham%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGraham%2C%20S.%20I.%2C%20Kinnaird%2C%20M.%20F.%2C%20O%2C%20T.%20G.%2C%20Agen%2C%20T.%20V.%2C%20Winowiecki%2C%20L.%20A.%2C%20Young%2C%20T.%20P.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Young%2C%20H.%20S.%20%282019%29.%20%3Ci%3EEffects%20of%20land-use%20change%20on%20community%20diversity%20and%20composition%20are%20highly%20variable%20among%20functional%20groups%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Feap.1973%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Feap.1973%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D2CXX7PL9%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Effects%20of%20land-use%20change%20on%20community%20diversity%20and%20composition%20are%20highly%20variable%20among%20functional%20groups%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stuart%20I%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Graham%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Margaret%20F%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kinnaird%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Timothy%20G%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22O%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tor-g%20V%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Agen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Leigh%20A%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Winowiecki%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Truman%20P%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Young%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hillary%20S%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Young%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22In%20order%20to%20understand%20how%20the%20effects%20of%20land-use%20change%20vary%20among%20taxa%20and%20environmental%20contexts%2C%20we%20investigate%20how%20three%20types%20of%20land-use%20change%20have%20influenced%20phylogenetic%20diversity%20%28PD%29%20and%20species%20composition%20of%20three%20functionally%20distinct%20communities%3A%20plants%2C%20small%20mammals%2C%20and%20large%20mammals.%20We%20found%20large%20mammal%20communities%20were%20by%20far%20the%20most%20heavily%20impacted%20by%20land-use%20change%2C%20with%20areas%20of%20attempted%20large%20wildlife%20exclusion%20and%20intense%20livestock%20grazing%2C%20respectively%2C%20containing%20164%20and%20165%20million%20fewer%20years%20of%20evolutionary%20history%20than%20conserved%20areas%20%28%5Cu223c40%25%20declines%29.%20The%20effects%20of%20land-use%20change%20on%20PD%20varied%20substantially%20across%20taxa%2C%20type%20of%20land-use%20change%2C%20and%2C%20for%20most%20groups%2C%20also%20across%20abiotic%20conditions.%20This%20highlights%20the%20need%20for%20taxa-specific%20or%20multi-taxa%20evaluations%20%2C%20for%20managers%20interested%20in%20conserving%20specific%20groups%20or%20whole%20communities%2C%20respectively.%20It%20also%20suggests%20that%20efforts%20to%20conserve%20and%20restore%20PD%20may%20be%20most%20successful%20if%20they%20focus%20on%20areas%20of%20particular%20land-use%20types%20and%20abiotic%20conditions.%20Importantly%2C%20we%20also%20describe%20the%20substantial%20species%20turnover%20and%20compositional%20changes%20that%20cannot%20be%20detected%20by%20alpha%20diversity%20metrics%2C%20emphasizing%20that%20neither%20PD%20nor%20other%20taxonomic%20diversity%20metrics%20are%20sufficient%20proxies%20for%20ecological%20integrity.%20Finally%2C%20our%20results%20provide%20further%20support%20for%20the%20emerging%20consensus%20that%20conserved%20landscapes%20are%20critical%20to%20support%20intact%20assemblages%20of%20some%20lineages%20such%20as%20large%20mammals%2C%20but%20that%20mosaics%20of%20disturbed%20land-uses%2C%20including%20both%20agricultural%20and%20pastoral%20land%2C%20do%20provide%20important%20habitats%20for%20a%20diverse%20array%20of%20plants%20and%20small%20mammals.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2Feap.1973%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A13%3A40Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22JLWRFPK5%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Gray%20and%20Toucher%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGray%2C%20B.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Toucher%2C%20M.%20%282019%29.%20Rain%20gauge%20accuracy%20at%20a%20high-altitude%20meteorological%20station%20in%20Cathedral%20Peak.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Hydrologic%20Engineering%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E24%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%2004018064.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DJLWRFPK5%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Rain%20gauge%20accuracy%20at%20a%20high-altitude%20meteorological%20station%20in%20Cathedral%20Peak%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Byron%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gray%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michele%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Toucher%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22F3ERISX2%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-11-09T07%3A20%3A34Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22BQLPQNPN%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Harcourt%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019-06-26%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHarcourt%2C%20R.%2C%20Sequeira%2C%20A.%20M.%20M.%2C%20Zhang%2C%20X.%2C%20Roquet%2C%20F.%2C%20Komatsu%2C%20K.%2C%20Heupel%2C%20M.%2C%20McMahon%2C%20C.%2C%20Whoriskey%2C%20F.%2C%20Meekan%2C%20M.%2C%20Carroll%2C%20G.%2C%20Brodie%2C%20S.%2C%20Simpfendorfer%2C%20C.%2C%20Hindell%2C%20M.%2C%20Jonsen%2C%20I.%2C%20Costa%2C%20D.%20P.%2C%20Block%2C%20B.%2C%20Muelbert%2C%20M.%2C%20Woodward%2C%20B.%2C%20Weise%2C%20M.%2C%20%26%23×2026%3B%20Fedak%2C%20M.%20A.%20%282019%29.%20Animal-Borne%20Telemetry%3A%20An%20Integral%20Component%20of%20the%20Ocean%20Observing%20Toolkit.%20%3Ci%3EFrontiers%20in%20Marine%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E6%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20326.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Ffmars.2019.00326%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Ffmars.2019.00326%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DBQLPQNPN%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Animal-Borne%20Telemetry%3A%20An%20Integral%20Component%20of%20the%20Ocean%20Observing%20Toolkit%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rob%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Harcourt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ana%20M.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sequeira%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Xuelei%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zhang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fabien%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roquet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kosei%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Komatsu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michelle%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Heupel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Clive%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McMahon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fred%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Whoriskey%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mark%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Meekan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gemma%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Carroll%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stephanie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Brodie%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Colin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Simpfendorfer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mark%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hindell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jonsen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Daniel%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Costa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Barbara%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Block%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M%5Cu00f4nica%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Muelbert%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bill%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Woodward%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mike%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Weise%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kim%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Aarestrup%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Biuw%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lars%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Boehme%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Steven%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bograd%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dorian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cazau%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean-Benoit%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Charrassin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Steven%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cooke%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paul%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cowley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20J.%20Nico%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22de%20Bruyn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tiphaine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jeanniard%20du%20Dot%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Carlos%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Duarte%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22V%5Cu00edctor%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Egu%5Cu00edluz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Luciana%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ferreira%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Juan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fern%5Cu00e1ndez-Gracia%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kimberly%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Goetz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yusuke%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Goto%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christophe%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Guinet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mike%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hammill%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Graeme%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hays%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elliott%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hazen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Luis%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22H%5Cu00fcckst%5Cu00e4dt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Charlie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Huveneers%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sara%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Iverson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Saifullah%20Arifin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jaaman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kongkiat%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kittiwattanawong%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kit%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kovacs%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lydersen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tim%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moltmann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Masaru%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Naruoka%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lachlan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Phillips%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Baptiste%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Picard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nuno%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Queiroz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gilles%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Reverdin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Katsufumi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sato%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sims%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eva%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thorstad%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michele%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thums%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anne%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Treasure%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Trites%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Guy%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Williams%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yoshinari%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yonehara%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mike%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fedak%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Animal%20telemetry%20is%20a%20powerful%20tool%20for%20observing%20marine%20animals%20and%20the%20physical%20environments%20that%20they%20inhabit%2C%20from%20coastal%20and%20continental%20shelf%20ecosystems%20to%20polar%20seas%20and%20open%20oceans.%20Satellite-linked%20biologgers%20and%20networks%20of%20acoustic%20receivers%20allow%20animals%20to%20be%20reliably%20monitored%20over%20scales%20of%20tens%20of%20meters%20to%20thousands%20of%20kilometers%2C%20giving%20insight%20into%20their%20habitat%20use%2C%20home%20range%20size%2C%20the%20phenology%20of%20migratory%20patterns%20and%20the%20biotic%20and%20abiotic%20factors%20that%20drive%20their%20distributions.%20Furthermore%2C%20physical%20environmental%20variables%20can%20be%20collected%20using%20animals%20as%20autonomous%20sampling%20platforms%2C%20increasing%20spatial%20and%20temporal%20coverage%20of%20global%20oceanographic%20observation%20systems.%20The%20use%20of%20animal%20telemetry%2C%20therefore%2C%20has%20the%20capacity%20to%20provide%20measures%20from%20a%20suite%20of%20essential%20ocean%20variables%20%28EOVs%29%20for%20improved%20monitoring%20of%20Earth%5Cu2019s%20oceans.%20Here%20we%20outline%20the%20design%20features%20of%20animal%20telemetry%20systems%2C%20describe%20current%20applications%20and%20their%20bene%5Cufb01ts%20and%20challenges%2C%20and%20discuss%20future%20directions.%20We%20describe%20new%20analytical%20techniques%20that%20improve%20our%20ability%20to%20not%20only%20quantify%20animal%20movements%20but%20to%20also%20provide%20a%20powerful%20framework%20for%20comparative%20studies%20across%20taxa.%20We%20discuss%20the%20application%20of%20animal%20telemetry%20and%20its%20capacity%20to%20collect%20biotic%20and%20abiotic%20data%2C%20how%20the%20data%20collected%20can%20be%20incorporated%20into%20ocean%20observing%20systems%2C%20and%20the%20role%20these%20data%20can%20play%20in%20improved%20ocean%20management.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019-6-26%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.3389%5C%2Ffmars.2019.00326%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222296-7745%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.frontiersin.org%5C%2Farticle%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Ffmars.2019.00326%5C%2Ffull%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%224ZZ3HNUN%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-04T13%3A03%3A31Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%228FUZHXDQ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Helldin%20and%20Petrovan%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019-08%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHelldin%2C%20J.%20O.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Petrovan%2C%20S.%20O.%20%282019%29.%20Effectiveness%20of%20small%20road%20tunnels%20and%20fences%20in%20reducing%20amphibian%20roadkill%20and%20barrier%20effects%20at%20retrofitted%20roads%20in%20Sweden.%20%3Ci%3EPeerJ%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E7%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20e7518.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.7717%5C%2Fpeerj.7518%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.7717%5C%2Fpeerj.7518%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D8FUZHXDQ%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Effectiveness%20of%20small%20road%20tunnels%20and%20fences%20in%20reducing%20amphibian%20roadkill%20and%20barrier%20effects%20at%20retrofitted%20roads%20in%20Sweden%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jan%20Olof%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Helldin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Silviu%20O.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Petrovan%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%5C%5Ctextlessp%5C%5CtextgreaterSchemes%20to%20reduce%20road%20impacts%20on%20amphibians%20have%20been%20implemented%20for%20decades%20in%20Europe%2C%20yet%2C%20several%20aspects%20on%20the%20effectiveness%20of%20such%20schemes%20remain%20poorly%20understood.%20Particularly%20in%20northern%20Europe%2C%20including%20Sweden%2C%20there%20is%20a%20lack%20of%20available%20information%20on%20road%20mitigation%20for%20amphibians%2C%20which%20is%20hampering%20implementation%20progress%20and%20cost-effectiveness%20analyses%20of%20mitigation%20options.%20Here%2C%20we%20present%20data%20derived%20from%20systematic%20counts%20of%20amphibians%20during%20spring%20migration%20at%20three%20previous%20hot-spots%20for%20amphibian%20roadkill%20in%20Sweden%2C%20where%20amphibian%20tunnels%20with%20guiding%20fences%20have%20been%20installed.%20We%20used%20the%20data%20in%20combination%20with%20a%20risk%20model%20to%20estimate%20the%20number%20of%20roadkills%20and%20successful%20crossings%20before%20vs.%20after%20mitigation%20and%20mitigated%20vs.%20adjacent%20non-mitigated%20road%20sections.%20In%20mitigated%20road%20sections%2C%20the%20estimated%20number%20of%20amphibians%20killed%20or%20at%20risk%20of%20being%20killed%20by%20car%20traffic%20decreased%20by%2085%5Cu2013100%25%20and%20the%20estimated%20number%20successfully%20crossing%20the%20road%20increased%20by%2025%5Cu2013340%25.%20Data%2C%20however%2C%20suggested%20fence-end%20effects%20that%20may%20moderate%20the%20reduction%20in%20roadkill.%20We%20discuss%20possible%20explanations%20for%20the%20observed%20differences%20between%20sites%20and%20construction%20types%2C%20and%20implications%20for%20amphibian%20conservation.%20We%20show%20how%20effectiveness%20estimates%20can%20be%20used%20for%20prioritizing%20amphibian%20passages%20along%20the%20existing%20road%20network.%20Finally%2C%20we%20emphasize%20the%20importance%20of%20careful%20monitoring%20of%20amphibian%20roadkill%20and%20successful%20crossings%20before%20and%20after%20amphibian%20passages%20are%20constructed.%5C%5Ctextless%5C%2Fp%5C%5Ctextgreater%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019-08%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.7717%5C%2Fpeerj.7518%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222167-8359%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fpeerj.com%5C%2Farticles%5C%2F7518%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A14%3A34Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22QPP66RHF%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Henschel%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHenschel%2C%20J.%20R.%2C%20Wassenaar%2C%20T.%20D.%2C%20Kanandjembo%2C%20A.%2C%20Louw%2C%20M.%20K.%2C%20Neef%2C%20G.%2C%20Shuuya%2C%20T.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Soderberg%2C%20K.%20%282019%29.%20Roots%20point%20to%20water%20sources%20of%20%3Ci%3EWelwitschia%20mirabilis%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20in%20a%20hyperarid%20desert%3A%20Roots%20point%20to%20welwitschia%20water%20sources.%20%3Ci%3EEcohydrology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E12%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%20e2039.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Feco.2039%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Feco.2039%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DQPP66RHF%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Roots%20point%20to%20water%20sources%20of%20%3Ci%3EWelwitschia%20mirabilis%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20in%20a%20hyperarid%20desert%3A%20Roots%20point%20to%20welwitschia%20water%20sources%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joh%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Henschel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Theo%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wassenaar%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Angie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kanandjembo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michele%20Kilbourn%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Louw%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G%5Cu00f6tz%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Neef%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Titus%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shuuya%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Keir%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Soderberg%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Welwitschia%20mirabilis%20is%20a%20long%5Cu2010lived%20evergreen%20in%20the%20hyperarid%20Namib%20Desert%3B%20at%20our%20study%20site%2C%20rainfall%20is%20rare%20%28mean%20annual%20precipitation%20%3D%2031%20mm%29%2C%20groundwater%20deep%20%2857%5Cu201375%20m%29%2C%20and%20fog%20frequent%20%2850%5Cu201390%20events%20per%20year%29.%20By%20examining%20root%20architecture%20in%20relation%20to%20soil%20moisture%20and%20analysing%20the%20isotopic%20composition%20of%20hydrogen%20and%20oxygen%20of%20plant%20and%20soil%20water%2C%20we%20established%20whether%20welwitschia%20sources%20water%20from%20a%20stable%20supply%20of%20deep%20groundwater%2C%20or%20from%20shallow%20moisture%20originating%20from%20fog%20and%20dew%2C%20or%20from%20rainwater%20at%20infiltration%20depth.%20Isotopes%20suggested%20rainwater%20as%20principal%20water%20source.%20Most%20%2855%25%29%20major%20roots%20and%20fine%20roots%20occurred%20in%2010%5Cu2010%20to%2066%5Cu2010cm%5Cu2010deep%20layers%20of%20gypsum%20containing%2010%25%20moisture.%20A%20further%2025%25%20of%20both%20root%20types%20grew%20in%20moist%20sand%20in%20petrocalcic%20horizons%20at%2093%5Cu2010%20to%20125%5Cu2010cm%20depths.%20A%20high%20density%20of%20fine%20roots%20%2814%25%20of%20total%29%20grew%20upwards%20towards%20the%20ground%20surface%20in%20a%201.5%5Cu2010m%20radius%20around%20plants%2C%20an%20area%20occasionally%20wetted%20by%20run%5Cu2010off%20of%20fog%20and%20dew.%20We%20conclude%20that%20welwitschia%20mainly%20relies%20on%20rainwater%20obtained%20in%20perched%20horizons.%20Supplemental%20water%20is%20obtained%20from%20fog%20and%20dew%20from%20the%20surface%20and%20potentially%20from%20gypsum%20blocks.%20Multiple%20strategies%20enable%20this%20extremely%20long%5Cu2010lived%20evergreen%20to%20be%20resilient%20against%20dehydration%20in%20hyperarid%20conditions.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2201%5C%2F2019%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2Feco.2039%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2219360584%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.wiley.com%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Feco.2039%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22CM9YQJBN%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-15T08%3A05%3A47Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2269HW46X2%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Hermes%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019-06-28%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHermes%2C%20J.%20C.%2C%20Masumoto%2C%20Y.%2C%20Beal%2C%20L.%20M.%2C%20Roxy%2C%20M.%20K.%2C%20Vialard%2C%20J.%2C%20Andres%2C%20M.%2C%20Annamalai%2C%20H.%2C%20Behera%2C%20S.%2C%20D%26%23×2019%3BAdamo%2C%20N.%2C%20Doi%2C%20T.%2C%20Feng%2C%20M.%2C%20Han%2C%20W.%2C%20Hardman-Mountford%2C%20N.%2C%20Hendon%2C%20H.%2C%20Hood%2C%20R.%2C%20Kido%2C%20S.%2C%20Lee%2C%20C.%2C%20Lee%2C%20T.%2C%20Lengaigne%2C%20M.%2C%20%26%23×2026%3B%20Yu%2C%20W.%20%282019%29.%20A%20Sustained%20Ocean%20Observing%20System%20in%20the%20Indian%20Ocean%20for%20Climate%20Related%20Scientific%20Knowledge%20and%20Societal%20Needs.%20%3Ci%3EFrontiers%20in%20Marine%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E6%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20355.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Ffmars.2019.00355%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Ffmars.2019.00355%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D69HW46X2%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20Sustained%20Ocean%20Observing%20System%20in%20the%20Indian%20Ocean%20for%20Climate%20Related%20Scientific%20Knowledge%20and%20Societal%20Needs%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hermes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Masumoto%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Beal%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roxy%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vialard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Andres%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Annamalai%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Behera%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22D%5Cu2019Adamo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Doi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Feng%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Han%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hardman-Mountford%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hendon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hood%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kido%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lee%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lee%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lengaigne%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Li%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lumpkin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%20N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Navaneeth%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Milligan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McPhaden%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ravichandran%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shinoda%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Singh%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sloyan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Strutton%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Subramanian%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thurston%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tozuka%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ummenhofer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Unnikrishnan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Venkatesan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wiggert%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yu%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019-6-28%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.3389%5C%2Ffmars.2019.00355%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222296-7745%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.frontiersin.org%5C%2Farticle%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Ffmars.2019.00355%5C%2Ffull%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BGDWYJZJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-04-13T19%3A18%3A53Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22MY35IHN6%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Hughes%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHughes%2C%20D.%20A.%20%282019%29.%20A%20simple%20approach%20to%20estimating%20channel%20transmission%20losses%20in%20large%20South%20African%20river%20basins.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Hydrology%3A%20Regional%20Studies%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E25%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%28June%29%2C%20100619.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.ejrh.2019.100619%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.ejrh.2019.100619%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DMY35IHN6%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20simple%20approach%20to%20estimating%20channel%20transmission%20losses%20in%20large%20South%20African%20river%20basins%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hughes%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Study%20region%3A%20South%20Africa%2C%20Lesotho%20and%20Swaziland.%20Study%20focus%3A%20The%20focus%20of%20this%20study%20is%20on%20the%20development%20of%20simple%20transmission%20loss%20functions%20that%20can%20account%20for%20channel%20evaporation%20and%20alluvial%20storage%20losses%20from%20upstream%20flows%20in%20the%20downstream%20sub-basins%20of%20large%20river%20systems.%20New%20hydrological%20insights%20for%20this%20region%3A%20The%20importance%20of%20channel%20evaporation%20%28and%20hence%20the%20relevance%20of%20the%20proposed%20model%29%20is%20quite%20variable%20depending%20on%20the%20climate%20variations%20within%20the%20basins.%20While%20the%20model%20is%20validated%20using%20a%20site%20in%20the%20USA%2C%20it%20is%20difficult%20to%20fully%20assess%20the%20importance%20of%20alluvial%20losses%20in%20the%20southern%20Africa%20region%2C%20as%20there%20are%20almost%20no%20appropriate%20observed%20data%2C%20and%20few%20studies%20that%20quantify%20alluvial%20material%20extent%20or%20properties.%20Where%20existing%20information%20on%20transmission%20losses%20is%20available%20for%20South%20Africa%2C%20the%20model%20generated%20results%20that%20are%20in%20broad%20agreement.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.ejrh.2019.100619%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2222145818%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.ejrh.2019.100619%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A11%3A52Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22N3JAVI32%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Hyv%5Cu00e4rinen%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHyv%26%23xE4%3Brinen%2C%20O.%2C%20Timm%20Hoffman%2C%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Reynolds%2C%20C.%20%282019%29.%20Vegetation%20dynamics%20in%20the%20face%20of%20a%20major%20land-use%20change%3A%20a%2030-year%20case%20study%20from%20semi-arid%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EAfrican%20Journal%20of%20Range%20and%20Forage%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E36%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%20141%26%23×2013%3B150.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F10220119.2019.1627582%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F10220119.2019.1627582%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DN3JAVI32%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Vegetation%20dynamics%20in%20the%20face%20of%20a%20major%20land-use%20change%3A%20a%2030-year%20case%20study%20from%20semi-arid%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Olli%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hyv%5Cu00e4rinen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Timm%20Hoffman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chevonne%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Reynolds%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Although%20wildlife%20production%20is%20widely%20considered%20beneficial%20for%20semi-arid%20environments%2C%20few%20studies%20have%20reported%20on%20the%20long-term%20environmental%20effects%20of%20converting%20from%20livestock%20production%20to%20game%20ranching.%20Asante%20Sana%20Game%20Reserve%20in%20South%20Africa%20was%20stocked%20with%20domestic%20livestock%20for%20centuries.%20However%2C%20after%201996%20game%20ranching%20was%20adopted%20in%20the%20reserve.%20We%20investigated%20the%20long-term%20%281987%5Cu20132017%29%20spatial%20and%20temporal%20change%20in%20vegetation%20productivity%20and%20type%20on%20the%20reserve%20using%20Landsat%20multispectral%20data%20and%20soil%20adjusted%20vegetation%20index%20%28SAVI%29%2C%20and%20explored%20the%20relationship%20between%20changes%20in%20vegetation%20productivity%20and%20the%20potential%20drivers.%20The%20results%20show%20that%20while%20Thicket%20has%20decreased%20overall%2C%20it%20has%20expanded%20into%20parts%20of%20Grassland%20and%20Shrubland%2C%20and%20Bare-ground%20has%20expanded%20into%20parts%20of%20Shrubland%20and%20Thicket.%20Overall%20vegetation%20productivity%20increased%20over%20time%2C%20with%20the%20greatest%20increases%20in%20Thicket%20and%20Grazing%20lawn%20and%20the%20lowest%20in%20Shrubland%20and%20Bare-ground.%20Changes%20in%20rainfall%2C%20fire%20and%20stocking%20rates%20were%20all%20significant%20predictors%20of%20the%20observed%20changes%20in%20vegetation%20productivity%2C%20but%20rainfall%20had%20the%20strongest%20effect.%20This%20research%20highlights%20some%20of%20the%20complex%20responses%20that%20arise%20in%20semi-arid%20vegetation%20when%20domestic%20livestock%20production%20is%20replaced%20by%20game%20ranching%2C%20and%20points%20towards%20key%20issues%20that%20can%20be%20addressed%20by%20management.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.2989%5C%2F10220119.2019.1627582%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2217279380%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A12%3A40Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22YHQSK6EY%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Kannenberg%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EKannenberg%2C%20S.%20A.%2C%20Maxwell%2C%20J.%20T.%2C%20Pederson%2C%20N.%2C%20D%26%23×2019%3BOrangeville%2C%20L.%2C%20Ficklin%2C%20D.%20L.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Phillips%2C%20R.%20P.%20%282019%29.%20Drought%20legacies%20are%20dependent%20on%20water%20table%20depth%2C%20wood%20anatomy%20and%20drought%20timing%20across%20the%20eastern%20US.%20%3Ci%3EEcology%20Letters%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E22%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%20119%26%23×2013%3B127.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fele.13173%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fele.13173%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DYHQSK6EY%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Drought%20legacies%20are%20dependent%20on%20water%20table%20depth%2C%20wood%20anatomy%20and%20drought%20timing%20across%20the%20eastern%20US%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Steven%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kannenberg%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Justin%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maxwell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Neil%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pederson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lo%5Cu00efc%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22D%27Orangeville%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Darren%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ficklin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Richard%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Phillips%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Severe%20droughts%20can%20impart%20long-lasting%20legacies%20on%20forest%20ecosystems%20through%20lagged%20effects%20thathinder%20tree%20recovery%20and%20suppress%20whole-forest%20carbon%20uptake.%20However%2C%20the%20local%20climatic%20andedaphic%20factors%20that%20interact%20to%20affect%20drought%20legacies%20in%20temperate%20forests%20remain%20unknown.Here%2C%20we%20pair%20a%20dataset%20of%20143%20tree%20ring%20chronologies%20across%20the%20mesic%20forests%20of%20the%20eastern%20USwith%20historical%20climate%20and%20local%20soil%20properties.%20We%20found%20legacy%20effects%20to%20be%20widespread%2C%20themagnitude%20of%20which%20increased%20markedly%20in%20diffuse%20porous%20species%2C%20sites%20with%20deep%20water%20tables%2Cand%20in%20response%20to%20late-season%20droughts%20%28August%5Cu2013September%29.%20Using%20an%20ensemble%20of%20downscaledclimate%20projections%2C%20we%20additionally%20show%20that%20our%20sites%20are%20projected%20to%20drastically%20increase%20inwater%20deficit%20and%20drought%20frequency%20by%20the%20end%20of%20the%20century%2C%20potentially%20increasing%20the%20size%20oflegacy%20effects%20by%20up%20to%2065%25%20and%20acting%20as%20a%20significant%20process%20shaping%20forest%20composition%2C%20carbonuptake%20and%20mortality.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fele.13173%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2214610248%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A14%3A11Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22Y454L5Z8%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Lemley%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019-02-15%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELemley%2C%20D.%20A.%2C%20Adams%2C%20J.%20B.%2C%20Bornman%2C%20T.%20G.%2C%20Campbell%2C%20E.%20E.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Deyzel%2C%20S.%20H.%20P.%20%282019%29.%20Land-derived%20inorganic%20nutrient%20loading%20to%20coastal%20waters%20and%20potential%20implications%20for%20nearshore%20plankton%20dynamics.%20%3Ci%3EContinental%20Shelf%20Research%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E174%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%201%26%23×2013%3B11.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.csr.2019.01.003%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.csr.2019.01.003%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DY454L5Z8%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Land-derived%20inorganic%20nutrient%20loading%20to%20coastal%20waters%20and%20potential%20implications%20for%20nearshore%20plankton%20dynamics%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Daniel%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lemley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Janine%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Adams%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thomas%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bornman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eileen%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Campbell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Shaun%20H.%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deyzel%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Algoa%20Bay%20represents%20a%20complex%20suite%20of%20aquatic%20ecosystems%20that%20support%20high%20biodiversity%20and%20provide%20significant%20socio-economic%20benefits.%20Since%20land-ocean%20interactions%20are%20central%20to%20shaping%20the%20structure%20and%20functioning%20of%20these%20ecosystems%2C%20the%20aim%20of%20this%20study%20was%20to%20quantify%20land-derived%20inorganic%20nutrient%20loads%20entering%20the%20coastal%20waters%20of%20Algoa%20Bay.%20Dissolved%20inorganic%20nitrogen%20%28DIN%29%20and%20phosphorus%20%28DIP%29%20data%20together%20with%20flow%20discharge%20volumes%20were%20sourced%20from%20long-term%20monitoring%20programmes%20and%20existing%20literature%20to%20determine%20annual%20and%20seasonal%20nutrient%20loads.%20The%20annual%20loads%20of%20DIN%20and%20DIP%20entering%20the%20coastal%20waters%20of%20Algoa%20Bay%20were%20estimated%20at%208.7%5Cu202f%5Cu00d7%5Cu202f105%20and%201.4%5Cu202f%5Cu00d7%5Cu202f105%20kg%2C%20respectively.%20Seasonal%20peaks%20were%20observed%20in%20winter%20for%20DIN%20and%20in%20spring%20for%20DIP.%20Wastewater%20discharges%20were%20the%20dominant%20source%20of%20inorganic%20nutrients%20to%20the%20nearshore%20environment%2C%20representing%2071.3%25%20and%2062.0%25%20of%20total%20DIN%20and%20DIP%20loads%2C%20respectively.%20The%20DIN%20and%20DIP%20inputs%20entering%20estuarine%20waters%20of%20Algoa%20Bay%20accounted%20for%2021.9%25%20and%2038.0%25%20of%20total%20loads%2C%20respectively.%20Inshore%20zooplankton%20biomass%20in%20Algoa%20Bay%20has%20increased%20significantly%20%28p%5Cu202f%3C%5Cu202f0.01%29%20since%202013%20concomitant%20with%20elevated%20DIN%20inputs%20from%20WWTPs.%20Additionally%2C%20anthropogenic%20nutrient%20loading%20to%20the%20estuarine%20and%20coastal%20waters%20of%20Algoa%20Bay%20has%20facilitated%2C%20in%20part%2C%20the%20increased%20observations%20of%20eutrophic%20symptoms%2C%20including%20harmful%20algal%20blooms%20%28e.g.%20Heterosigma%20akashiwo%20and%20Lingulodinium%20polyedra%29%20and%20hypoxia%20%28%3C2%5Cu202fmg%5Cu202fl%5Cu22121%29.%20Effective%20ecosystem-based%20management%20is%20key%20to%20preventing%20the%20exacerbation%20of%20these%20undesirable%20disturbances%2C%20and%20thus%20maintaining%20ecosystem%20functionality.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019-02-15%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.csr.2019.01.003%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220278-4343%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%5C%2Fscience%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0278434318303698%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2285DCE2P4%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-26T09%3A49%3A57Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%227I5AJ6KP%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22MacFadyen%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EMacFadyen%2C%20S.%2C%20Hui%2C%20C.%2C%20Verburg%2C%20P.%20H.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Van%20Teeffelen%2C%20A.%20J.%20A.%20%282019%29.%20Spatiotemporal%20distribution%20dynamics%20of%20elephants%20in%20response%20to%20density%2C%20rainfall%2C%20rivers%20and%20fire%20in%20Kruger%20National%20Park%2C%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EDiversity%20and%20Distributions%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E25%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%286%29%2C%20880%26%23×2013%3B894.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fddi.12907%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fddi.12907%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D7I5AJ6KP%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Spatiotemporal%20distribution%20dynamics%20of%20elephants%20in%20response%20to%20density%2C%20rainfall%2C%20rivers%20and%20fire%20in%20Kruger%20National%20Park%2C%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sandra%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22MacFadyen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cang%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hui%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Verburg%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Astrid%20J.A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Van%20Teeffelen%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Aim%3A%20African%20elephants%20are%20ecosystem%20engineers.%20As%20such%2C%20their%20long-term%20patterns%20of%20distribution%20and%20abundance%20%28i.e.%2C%20space-use%20intensity%29%20will%20influence%20ecosystem%20structure%20and%20function.%20We%20elucidate%20these%20patterns%20for%20bull%20versus%20herd%20groups%2C%20by%20analysing%20the%20spatiotemporal%20dynamics%20of%20an%20increasing%20elephant%20population%20in%20relation%20to%20key%20ecological%20drivers%3A%20rainfall%2C%20distance%20to%20major%20rivers%20and%20time%20since%20last%20fire.%20Significant%20changes%20to%20the%20long-term%20patterns%20of%20elephant%20density%20and%20group-type%20probabilities%20are%20identified%20and%20explained.%20Location%3A%20Kruger%20National%20Park%2C%20South%20Africa.%20Methods%3A%20Using%20almost%20three%20decades%20of%20census%20records%20%281985%5Cu20132012%29%2C%20we%20applied%20Multiple%20Point%20Process%20Models%20to%20assess%20the%20influence%20of%20rainfall%2C%20rivers%20and%20fire%20in%20shaping%20elephant%20space-use.%20Significant%20changes%20to%20the%20long-term%20patterns%20of%20elephant%20density%20and%20group%20type%20were%20also%20identified%20using%20kernel%20density%20estimates%20and%20the%20spatially%20varying%20probability%20of%20encountering%20either%20bull%20or%20herd%20group.%20Results%3A%20Bull%20and%20herd%20groups%20are%20no%20longer%20clearly%20segregated%20as%20available%20empty%20space%20becomes%20more%20limited.%20Bull%20and%20herd%20groups%20have%20dichotomous%20resource%20selection%20functions%2C%20in%20that%20bulls%20concentrate%20in%20areas%20receiving%20lower%20rainfall%20but%20more%20frequent%20fires%20while%20herds%20concentrate%20in%20higher%20rainfall%20areas%20experiencing%20less%20frequent%20fires.%20Both%20bull%20and%20herd%20groups%20concentrate%20closer%20to%20major%20rivers%2C%20emphasizing%20rivers%20as%20important%20spatial%20drivers.%20Overall%2C%20densities%20increased%20most%20significantly%20closer%20to%20rivers%20and%20in%20areas%20experiencing%20fewer%20fires.%20Fire%20was%20also%20a%20strong%20agent%20of%20group-type%20change%2C%20as%20the%20probability%20of%20finding%20bulls%2C%20contrary%20to%20herds%2C%20significantly%20increased%20as%20fire%20return%20periods%20shortened.%20Main%20conclusions%3A%20Elephant%20distribution%20and%20abundance%20patterns%20have%20homogenized%20in%20response%20to%20increased%20space%20limitations%2C%20with%20group-specific%2C%20fire-driven%20distribution%20patterns%20emerging%20overtime.%20Results%20herein%20should%20be%20used%20to%20help%20manage%20elephant%20space-use%20through%20the%20establishment%20of%20possible%20refuge%20areas%20and%20the%20development%20of%20more%20empirical%20research%20into%20elephant%20impacts%20in%20future.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fddi.12907%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2214724642%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A12%3A05Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22HHS35IFN%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Magadzire%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019-07-24%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EMagadzire%2C%20N.%2C%20Klerk%2C%20H.%20M.%2C%20Esler%2C%20K.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Slingsby%2C%20J.%20A.%20%282019%29.%20Fire%20and%20life%20history%20affect%20the%20distribution%20of%20plant%20species%20in%20a%20biodiversity%20hotspot.%20%3Ci%3EDivers.%20Distrib.%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E25%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%287%29%2C%201012%26%23×2013%3B1023.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fddi.12921%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fddi.12921%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DHHS35IFN%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Fire%20and%20life%20history%20affect%20the%20distribution%20of%20plant%20species%20in%20a%20biodiversity%20hotspot%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nyasha%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Magadzire%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Helen%20M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Klerk%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Karen%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Esler%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jasper%20A%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Slingsby%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract%20Aim%20Species%20distribution%20models%20%28SDMs%29%20provide%20valuable%20insights%5Cninto%20species%3Fenvironment%20relationships%20and%20potential%20climate%20change%5Cnimpacts%20on%20diversity.%20Most%20SDMs%20do%20not%20account%20for%20the%20role%20of%20natural%5Cndisturbance%20regimes%20such%20as%20fire%20in%20determining%20current%20and%20future%20species%5Cndistributions%2C%20or%20how%20species%20traits%20mediate%20their%20response%20to%20these%5Cnstressors.%20Here%2C%20we%20investigate%20the%20importance%20of%20fire%20in%20determining%20the%5Cndistributions%20of%20species%20in%20fire-prone%20fynbos%20vegetation%2C%20and%20how%20this%5Cnvaries%20in%20relation%20to%20different%20life%20history%20traits%20%28growth%20form%20and%5Cnfire-response%20strategy%29.%20Location%20Cape%20Floristic%20Region%2C%20South%20Africa.%5CnMethods%20We%20modelled%20the%20distribution%20of%20104%20plant%20species%20with%20different%5Cnlife%20history%20traits%2C%20using%20Maxent.%20The%20model%20included%20five%20climatic%5Cnvariables%2C%20one%20edaphic%20and%20one%20fire%20variable.%20Post%20hoc%20analyses%20of%20model%5Cnoutput%20and%20permutation%20procedures%20were%20conducted%20to%20assess%20variable%5Cnimportance%20across%20different%20life%20history%20traits.%20We%20accounted%20for%5Cnphylogenetic%20autocorrelation%20using%20sister%20species%20comparisons.%20Results%5CnPermutation%20importance%20scores%20identified%20fire%20return%20interval%20as%20a%20major%5Cndeterminant%20of%20fynbos%20species%3F%20distributions.%20Linear%20mixed%20effect%20analyses%5Cnrevealed%20that%20seeder%20species%20were%20significantly%20more%20sensitive%20to%20fire%5Cnthan%20resprouters.%20Coefficients%20from%20the%20%28linear%29%20response%20curves%20of%20the%5Cndifferent%20predictors%20indicated%20that%20the%20occurrence%20of%20species%20across%20all%5Cnlife%20histories%20was%20negatively%20associated%20with%20longer%20fire%20return%5Cnintervals.%20Main%20conclusions%20Fire%20and%20life%20history%20traits%20governing%5Cnspecies%3F%20response%20to%20fire%20are%20key%20factors%20determining%20species%5Cndistributions%20in%20our%20study%20system.%20SDMs%20that%20ignore%20the%20role%20of%20fire%20in%5Cndriving%20species%20distributions%2C%20and%20how%20this%20varies%20across%20different%20life%5Cnhistory%20types%2C%20compromise%20our%20ability%20to%20understand%20species%3Fenvironment%5Cnrelationships%20in%20fire-prone%20ecosystems.%20There%20is%20great%20need%20for%20better%5Cnspatial%20data%20describing%20historical%2C%20current%20and%20future%20fire%20regimes%20and%5Cnfor%20models%20that%20can%20incorporate%20different%20responses%20based%20on%20species%20life%5Cnhistories%2C%20to%20improve%20vulnerability%20assessments%20for%20fire-prone%20ecosystems.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22July%2024%2C%202019%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fddi.12921%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221366-9516%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fddi.12921%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22UUZBHCVC%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-10-22T11%3A16%3A30Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22T57Y6ILU%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Magoro%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019-12-06%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EMagoro%2C%20M.%2C%20Dalu%2C%20T.%2C%20Human%2C%20L.%2C%20Perissinotto%2C%20R.%2C%20Deyzel%2C%20S.%2C%20Wooldridge%2C%20T.%2C%20Adams%2C%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Whitfield%2C%20A.%20%282019%29.%20Characterisation%20of%20selected%20micro-estuaries%20and%20micro-outlets%20in%20South%20Africa%20using%20microalgal%2C%20zooplanktonic%20and%20macrozoobenthic%20assemblages.%20%3Ci%3EAfrican%20Journal%20of%20Aquatic%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E44%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29%2C%20313%26%23×2013%3B327.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F16085914.2019.1677211%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F16085914.2019.1677211%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DT57Y6ILU%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Characterisation%20of%20selected%20micro-estuaries%20and%20micro-outlets%20in%20South%20Africa%20using%20microalgal%2C%20zooplanktonic%20and%20macrozoobenthic%20assemblages%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22ML%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Magoro%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dalu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22LRD%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Human%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Perissinotto%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22SHP%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deyzel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22TH%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wooldridge%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22JB%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Adams%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22AK%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Whitfield%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22South%20Africa%20has%20approximately%20200%20micro-estuaries%20and%20micro-outlets%20along%20its%20more%20than%203%20000%20km%20of%20coastline.%20Many%20of%20these%20microsystems%20%28i.e.%20micro-outlets%20and%20micro-estuaries%29%20share%20some%20characteristics%20with%20temporarily%20open%5C%2Fclosed%20estuaries%2C%20but%20differ%20in%20that%20they%20are%20supplied%20by%20localised%20catchments%20with%20limited%20supply%20of%20freshwater%20and%20less%20connectivity%20to%20the%20marine%20environment.%20Between%202015%20and%202016%20we%20investigated%20whether%20micro-outlets%20and%20micro-estuaries%20can%20be%20differentiated%20from%20each%20other%20and%20other%20estuaries%20based%20on%20physico-chemical%20properties%2C%20microalgal%20dynamics%2C%20as%20well%20as%20species%20diversity%20and%20composition%20of%20invertebrate%20communities.%20The%20micro-outlets%20were%20dominated%20by%20oligohaline%20or%20freshwater%20conditions%2C%20whereas%20micro-estuaries%20were%20mostly%20mesohaline.%20Microalgal%20biomass%20in%20both%20system%20types%20was%20influenced%20by%20temperature%2C%20nutrient%20concentration%20and%20light%20availability.%20The%20micro-estuaries%20had%20a%20higher%20microalgal%20biomass%20than%20the%20micro-outlets.%20Chironomidae%20and%20Ephemeroptera%20numerically%20dominated%20benthic%20macroinvertebrate%20micro-outlet%20communities%2C%20whereas%20Amphipoda%20and%20Mysida%20were%20most%20dominant%20in%20micro-estuaries.%20Calanoid%20copepods%20dominated%20zooplankton%20assemblages%20in%20micro-estuaries%20and%20macroinvertebrate%20larvae%20in%20micro-outlets.%20In%20addition%2C%20the%20zooplankton%20densities%20were%20significantly%20higher%20%28p%20%3C%200.05%29%20in%20micro-estuaries%20compared%20with%20micro-outlets.%20Study%20results%20confirm%20that%20there%20are%20major%20differences%20between%20the%20biota%20in%20the%20two%20microsystem%20types%2C%20accordingly%20making%20biotic%20assemblages%2C%20together%20with%20physico-chemical%20parameters%2C%20a%20viable%20tool%20for%20differentiating%20between%20micro-estuaries%20and%20micro-outlets.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019-12-06%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.2989%5C%2F16085914.2019.1677211%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221608-5914%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F16085914.2019.1677211%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2285DCE2P4%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-26T10%3A22%3A12Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%228IMQL3YR%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Malan%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EMalan%2C%20N.%2C%20Durgadoo%2C%20J.%20V.%2C%20Biastoch%2C%20A.%2C%20Reason%2C%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Hermes%2C%20J.%20%282019%29.%20Multidecadal%20Wind%20Variability%20Drives%20Temperature%20Shifts%20on%20the%20Agulhas%20Bank.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Oceans%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E124%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%285%29%2C%203021%26%23×2013%3B3035.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2018JC014614%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2018JC014614%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D8IMQL3YR%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Multidecadal%20Wind%20Variability%20Drives%20Temperature%20Shifts%20on%20the%20Agulhas%20Bank%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Neil%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Malan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jonathan%20V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Durgadoo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Arne%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Biastoch%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chris%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Reason%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Juliet%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hermes%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20Agulhas%20Bank%20is%20an%20important%20area%20for%20the%20spawning%20of%20small%20pelagic%20fish%20and%20other%20species.%20Here%2C%20within%20a%20NEMO%20ocean%20model%2C%20we%20investigate%20changes%20in%20temperature%20over%20the%20Bank%20on%20multidecadal%20time%20scales.%20In%20agreement%20with%20previous%20observational%20studies%2C%20a%20shift%20to%20colder%20temperatures%20is%20found%20in%201997.%20The%20model%20also%20simulates%20an%20earlier%20shift%20from%20colder%20to%20warmer%20temperatures%20in%201966.%20These%20shifts%20are%20coastally%20confined%20and%20shown%2C%20using%20a%20climatologically%20forced%20model%20run%20as%20a%20control%2C%20to%20be%20driven%20by%20a%20north-south%20migration%20in%20the%20large-scale%20wind%20belts%2C%20rather%20than%20by%20changes%20in%20downward%20heat%20fluxes%20or%20changes%20in%20the%20Agulhas%20Current%20itself.%20The%20zonal%20wind%20changes%20on%20the%20Agulhas%20Bank%20show%20a%20significant%20relationship%20with%20the%20Southern%20Annular%20Mode%2C%20showing%20some%20promise%20for%20future%20predictability%20of%20cold%20and%20warm%20regimes%20on%20the%20Agulhas%20Bank.%20Thus%2C%20while%20the%20Agulhas%20Current%20has%20been%20shown%20in%20previous%20work%20to%20have%20a%20large%20impact%20on%20intra-annual%20and%20interannual%20temperature%20variability%2C%20this%20work%20shows%20that%20multidecadal%20variability%20in%20temperature%20on%20the%20shelf%20is%20likely%20to%20be%20wind%20forced.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2205%5C%2F2019%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2018JC014614%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222169-9275%2C%202169-9291%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2018JC014614%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BGDWYJZJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-04-13T19%3A21%3A11Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22IQJR5ZSA%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22McArthur%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EMcArthur%2C%20C.%2C%20Finnerty%2C%20P.%20B.%2C%20Schmitt%2C%20M.%20H.%2C%20Shuttleworth%2C%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Schrader%2C%20A.%20M.%20%282019%29.%20Plant%20volatiles%20are%20a%20salient%20cue%20for%20foraging%20mammals%3A%20elephants%5Cntarget%20preferred%20plants%20despite%20background%20plant%20odour.%20%3Ci%3EAnimal%20Behaviour%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E1115%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20199%26%23×2013%3B216.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2Fhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.anbehav.2019.07.002%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2Fhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.anbehav.2019.07.002%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DIQJR5ZSA%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Plant%20volatiles%20are%20a%20salient%20cue%20for%20foraging%20mammals%3A%20elephants%5Cntarget%20preferred%20plants%20despite%20background%20plant%20odour%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Clare%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McArthur%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Patrick%20B%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Finnerty%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Melissa%20H%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schmitt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adam%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shuttleworth%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adrian%20M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schrader%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22To%20forage%20nonrandomly%2C%20animals%20must%20discriminate%20among%20food%20items.%20Foods%20differ%20in%20look%2C%20smell%20and%5Cntaste%2C%20providing%20cues%20for%20foragers%20with%20appropriate%20senses.%20Irrespective%20of%20the%20sensory%20modality%2C%20however%2C%5Cnforagers%20can%20only%20use%20cues%20effectively%20if%20they%20can%20detect%20sensory%20signals%20above%20background%20noise.%20Recent%20evidence%20shows%20that%20foraging%20mammalian%20herbivores%20can%20detect%20plant%20odours%2C%20but%20their%20capacity%20to%20select%20preferred%20plants%20in%20a%20noisy%20olfactory%20background%20is%20unknown.%20Using%20choice%20trials%2C%20we%20tested%20whether%20the%20African%20elephant%2C%20Loxodonta%20africana%2C%20uses%20plant%20odour%20as%20a%20salient%20cue%20despite%20increasingly%20complex%20and%20challenging%20background%20odours.%20We%20first%20established%20their%20preference%20for%20familiar%20plant%20species.%20We%20then%20tested%20their%20capacity%20to%20discriminate%20and%20select%20preferred%20plants%20based%20on%20odour%20alone.%20We%20found%20that%20elephants%20successfully%20chose%20preferred%20species%20even%20when%20presented%20with%20complex%20background%20odours%20from%20nonpreferred%20plants%20mimicking%20multispecies%20vegetation%20patches.%20Elephants%20also%20succeeded%20despite%20our%20attempt%20to%20mask%20distinguishing%20odours%20with%20large%20amounts%20of%20a%20synthetic%20green%20leaf%20volatile.%20GCeMS%20analysis%20confirmed%20that%20volatile%20organic%20compound%20profiles%20differed%20between%20plant%20species.%20In%20demonstrating%5Cnthat%20elephants%20exploit%20plant%20odours%20even%20when%20the%20signal%20from%20preferred%20plants%20is%20embedded%20in%5Cnsensory%20noise%20of%20background%20odours%2C%20we%20provide%20crucial%20behavioural%20evidence%20that%20olfaction%20provides%20an%20efficient%20mechanism%20for%20selective%2C%20nonrandom%20foraging.%20Whether%20mammalian%20herbivores%20recognize%20novel%20odours%2C%20for%20example%20from%20newly%20invading%20plant%20species%2C%20or%20when%20air%20pollution%20degrades%20odours%20of%20familiar%20plants%2C%20needs%20investigating.%20Accounting%20for%20the%20capacity%20of%20mammalian%20herbivores%20to%20use%20plant%20odour%20cues%20will%20improve%20models%20of%20both%20their%20foraging%20behaviour%20and%20the%20ecosystem%20impacts%20of%20their%20foraging.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.anbehav.2019.07.002%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%228VPML3VD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-06-23T09%3A56%3A00Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22QDIAHFE4%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Meyer-Milne%20and%20Mlambo%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019-12-06%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EMeyer-Milne%2C%20E.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Mlambo%2C%20M.%20%282019%29.%20A%20tale%20of%20records%20from%20Hakskeen%20Pan%2C%20the%20first%20record%20of%20%3Ci%3EPumilibranchipus%20deserti%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20Hamer%20and%20Brendonck%2C%201995%20%28Anostraca%2C%20Branchiopoda%29%20from%20South%20Africa%20and%20the%20pursuit%20of%20a%20new%20world%20land%20speed%20record.%20%3Ci%3EAfrican%20Journal%20of%20Aquatic%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E44%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29%2C%20409%26%23×2013%3B413.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F16085914.2019.1671165%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F16085914.2019.1671165%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DQDIAHFE4%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20tale%20of%20records%20from%20Hakskeen%20Pan%2C%20the%20first%20record%20of%20%3Ci%3EPumilibranchipus%20deserti%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20Hamer%20and%20Brendonck%2C%201995%20%28Anostraca%2C%20Branchiopoda%29%20from%20South%20Africa%20and%20the%20pursuit%20of%20a%20new%20world%20land%20speed%20record%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Meyer-Milne%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mc%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mlambo%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Until%20now%2C%20Pumilibranchipus%20deserti%20was%20known%20from%20only%20one%20locality%20in%20Namibia.%20This%20paper%20reports%20the%20first%20record%20of%20this%20species%20from%20South%20Africa%20in%20Hakskeen%20Pan%2C%20Northern%20Cape%2C%20which%20represents%20a%20new%2C%20easterly%20range%20extension%20of%20the%20known%20distribution.%20Additionally%2C%20we%20provide%20the%20first%20ever%20account%20of%20the%20habitat%20conditions%20with%20which%20this%20species%20is%20associated%20and%20highlight%20the%20precarious%20conservation%20status%20of%20the%20ephemeral%20wetland%20it%20was%20found%20in.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019-12-06%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.2989%5C%2F16085914.2019.1671165%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221608-5914%2C%201727-9364%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Ffull%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F16085914.2019.1671165%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22CM9YQJBN%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-15T08%3A05%3A42Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%223K226S8B%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Milatovi%5Cu0107%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019-06-19%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EMilatovi%26%23×107%3B%2C%20L.%2C%20Anthony%2C%20B.%20P.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Swemmer%2C%20A.%20%282019%29.%20Estimating%20conservation%20effectiveness%20across%20protected%20areas%20in%20Limpopo%20Province%2C%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EKOEDOE%20-%20African%20Protected%20Area%20Conservation%20and%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E61%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.4102%5C%2Fkoedoe.v61i1.1530%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.4102%5C%2Fkoedoe.v61i1.1530%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D3K226S8B%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Estimating%20conservation%20effectiveness%20across%20protected%20areas%20in%20Limpopo%20Province%2C%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Luna%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Milatovi%5Cu0107%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Brandon%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Anthony%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anthony%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Swemmer%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019-06-19%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.4102%5C%2Fkoedoe.v61i1.1530%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222071-0771%2C%200075-6458%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.koedoe.co.za%5C%2Findex.php%5C%2FKOEDOE%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fview%5C%2F1530%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%228VPML3VD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-06-30T13%3A41%3A02Z%22%7D%7D%5D%7D
Allsopp, N., Slingsby, J. A., & Esler, K. J. (2019). Identifying research questions for the conservation of the Cape Floristic Region. S. Afr. J. Sci., 115(9/10). https://doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2019/5889 Cite

Ashari, 2014. (2019). 済無No Title No Title. 53(9), 1689–1699. Cite

Austin, J. H. (2019). References and Notes. Meditating Selflessly, 321(August), 652–653. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/8876.003.0036 Cite

Bellingham, P. J., Sparrow, A. D., & Bellingham, P. J. (2019). Nordic Society Oikos Resprouting as a Life History Strategy in Woody Plant Communities Published by : Wiley on behalf of Nordic Society Oikos Stable URL : https://www.jstor.org/stable/3547338 Nordic Society Oikos , Wiley are collaborating with JSTOR to di. 89(2), 409–416. Cite

Bellingham, P. J., Sparrow, A. D., & Bellingham, P. J. (2019). Nordic Society Oikos Resprouting as a Life History Strategy in Woody Plant Communities Published by : Wiley on behalf of Nordic Society Oikos Stable URL : https://www.jstor.org/stable/3547338 Nordic Society Oikos , Wiley are collaborating with JSTOR to di. 89(2), 409–416. Cite

Buisson, E., Le Stradic, S., Silveira, F. A. O., Durigan, G., Overbeck, G. E., Fidelis, A., Fernandes, G. W., Bond, W. J., Hermann, J. M., Mahy, G., Alvarado, S. T., Zaloumis, N. P., & Veldman, J. W. (2019). Resilience and restoration of tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and grassy woodlands. Biological Reviews, 94(2), 590–609. https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12470 Cite

Bushnell, M., Waldmann, C., Seitz, S., Buckley, E., Tamburri, M., Hermes, J., Henslop, E., & Lara-Lopez, A. (2019). Quality Assurance of Oceanographic Observations: Standards and Guidance Adopted by an International Partnership. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6, 706. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00706 Cite

Cai, L. M., Wang, Q. S., Luo, J., Chen, L. G., Zhu, R. L., Wang, S., & Tang, C. H. (2019). Heavy metal contamination and health risk assessment for children near a large Cu-smelter in central China. Science of the Total Environment, 650, 725–733. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.081 Cite

Case, M. F., Wigley‐Coetsee, C., Nzima, N., Scogings, P. F., & Staver, A. C. (2019). Severe drought limits trees in a semi‐arid savanna. Ecology, e02842. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.2842 Cite

Collins, C., & Hermes, J. C. (2019). Modelling the accumulation and transport of floating marine micro-plastics around South Africa. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 139, 46–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.12.028 Cite

Cooke, R. S. C., Eigenbrod, F., & Bates, A. E. (2019). Projected losses of global mammal and bird ecological strategies. Nature Communications, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-10284-z Cite

Crous, C. J. (2019). The darker side of quantitative academic performance metrics. South African Journal of Science, 115, 3. https://doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2019/5785 Cite

Crous, C. J., Drake, D. C., Jacobsen, A. L., Pratt, R. B., Jacobs, S. M., & Esler, K. J. (2019). Foliar nitrogen dynamics of an invasive legume compared to native non-legumes in fynbos riparian zones varying in water availability. Water SA, 45(1), 7. Cite

Crowther, T. W., van den Hoogen, J., Wan, J., Mayes, M. A., Keiser, A. D., Mo, L., Averill, C., & Maynard, D. S. (2019). The global soil community and its influence on biogeochemistry. Science, 365(6455). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aav0550 Cite

Currie, J. C., Thorson, J. T., Sink, K. J., Atkinson, L. J., Fairweather, T. P., & Winker, H. (2019). A novel approach to assess distribution trends from fisheries survey data. Fisheries Research, 214, 98–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2019.02.004 Cite

Currie, J. C., Sink, K. J., Attwood, C. G., Atkinson, L. J., & Engelhard, G. H. (2019). Reconstructing the past: design and function of Granton otter trawl gear at the turn of the twentieth century, as used in South Africa’s first trawl surveys (1897–1904). Maritime Studies, 18(1), 1–16. Cite

d’Hotman, J. S., Malan, N., Collins, C., Vos, M., Lumpkin, R., Morris, T., & Hermes, J. (2019). The Use of a Jet Reference Frame to Analyze Drifter Trajectories in the Agulhas Current. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 124(6), 4238–4247. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JC014850 Cite

de Camargo, U., Roslin, T., & Ovaskainen, O. (2019). Spatio-temporal scaling of biodiversity in acoustic tropical bird communities. Ecography, 42(11), 1936–1947. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.04544 Cite

de Graaf, I. E. M., Gleeson, T., (Rens) van Beek, L. P. H., Sutanudjaja, E. H., & Bierkens, M. F. P. (2019). Environmental flow limits to global groundwater pumping. Nature, 574(7776), 90–94. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1594-4 Cite

Dean, W. R. J., & Milton, S. J. (2019). The dispersal and spread of invasive alien Myrtillocactus geometrizans in the southern Karoo, South Africa. South African Journal of Botany, 121, 6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2018.11.005 Cite

Dean, R., Melo, M., & Mills, M. (2019). The Avifauna of Angola: Richness, Endemism and Rarity. In Biodiversity of Angola (1st ed.). Springer. Cite

Dilmahamod, A. F., Penven, P., Aguiar‐González, B., Reason, C. J. C., & Hermes, J. C. (2019). A New Definition of the South‐East Madagascar Bloom and Analysis of Its Variability. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 124(3), 1717–1735. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JC014582 Cite

Ecology, S. P., & Fairbanks, D. H. K. (2019). Physio-Climatic Classification of South Africa ’ s Woodland Biome Author ( s ): Dean H . K . Fairbanks Published by : Springer Stable URL : https://www.jstor.org/stable/20050956 Physio-climatic classification of South Africa ’ s woodland biome. 149(1), 71–89. Cite

Epstein, H. E., Lauenroth, W. K., Paruelo, J. M., Piñeiro, G., Burke, I. C., & Barrett, J. E. (2019). Interactions of water and nitrogen on primary productivity across spatial and temporal scales in grassland and shrubland ecosystems. Dryland Ecohydrology, 2001, 417–437. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23269-6_16 Cite

Fayolle, A., Swaine, M. D., Aleman, J., Azihou, A. F., Bauman, D., te Beest, M., Chidumayo, E. N., Cromsigt, J. P. G. M., Dessard, H., Finckh, M., Gonçalves, F. M. P., Gillet, J.-F., Gorel, A., Hick, A., Holdo, R., Kirunda, B., Mahy, G., McNicol, I., Ryan, C. M., … Woollen, E. (2019). A sharp floristic discontinuity revealed by the biogeographic regionalization of African savannas. Journal of Biogeography, 46(2), 454–465. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13475 Cite

Fayolle, A., Swaine, M. D., Aleman, J., Azihou, A. F., Bauman, D., te Beest, M., Chidumayo, E. N., Cromsigt, J. P. G. M., Dessard, H., Finckh, M., Gonçalves, F. M. P., Gillet, J.-F., Gorel, A., Hick, A., Holdo, R., Kirunda, B., Mahy, G., McNicol, I., Ryan, C. M., … Woollen, E. (2019). A sharp floristic discontinuity revealed by the biogeographic regionalization of African savannas. Journal of Biogeography, 46(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13475 Cite

Ferreira, S. M., le Roex, N., & Greaver, C. (2019). Species-specific drought impacts on black and white rhinoceroses. PLoS ONE, 14(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209678 Cite

Ferreira, S. M., le Roex, N., & Greaver, C. (2019). Species-specific drought impacts on black and white rhinoceroses. PLOS ONE, 14(1), e0209678. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209678 Cite

Firn, J., McGree, J. M., Harvey, E., Flores-Moreno, H., Schütz, M., Buckley, Y. M., Borer, E. T., Seabloom, E. W., La Pierre, K. J., MacDougall, A. M., Prober, S. M., Stevens, C. J., Sullivan, L. L., Porter, E., Ladouceur, E., Allen, C., Moromizato, K. H., Morgan, J. W., Harpole, W. S., … Risch, A. C. (2019). Leaf nutrients, not specific leaf area, are consistent indicators of elevated nutrient inputs. Nature Ecology and Evolution, 3(3), 400–406. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-018-0790-1 Cite

Fitzpatrick, M. C., & Dunn, R. R. (2019). Contemporary climatic analogs for 540 North American urban areas in the late 21st century. Nature Communications, 10(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-08540-3 Cite

Fowler, M. D., Kooperman, G. J., Randerson, J. T., & Pritchard, M. S. (2019). The effect of plant physiological responses to rising CO2 on global streamflow. Nature Climate Change, 9(11), 873–879. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-019-0602-x Cite

Garbowski, M., Brown, C. S., & Johnston, D. B. (2019). Soil amendment interacts with invasive grass and drought to uniquely influence aboveground versus belowground biomass in aridland restoration. Restoration Ecology, rec.13083. https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13083 Cite

Gokool, S., Riddell, E. S., Nel, J. M., Raubenheimer, R., Strydom, T., Swemmer, A., & Chetty, K. T. (2019). Quantifying the contribution of riparian total evaporation to streamflow transmission losses: Preliminary investigations along the Groot Letaba river. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 114(February), 102805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2019.11.002 Cite

Graham, S. I., Kinnaird, M. F., O, T. G., Agen, T. V., Winowiecki, L. A., Young, T. P., & Young, H. S. (2019). Effects of land-use change on community diversity and composition are highly variable among functional groups. https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.1973 Cite

Gray, B., & Toucher, M. (2019). Rain gauge accuracy at a high-altitude meteorological station in Cathedral Peak. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, 24(2), 04018064. Cite

Harcourt, R., Sequeira, A. M. M., Zhang, X., Roquet, F., Komatsu, K., Heupel, M., McMahon, C., Whoriskey, F., Meekan, M., Carroll, G., Brodie, S., Simpfendorfer, C., Hindell, M., Jonsen, I., Costa, D. P., Block, B., Muelbert, M., Woodward, B., Weise, M., … Fedak, M. A. (2019). Animal-Borne Telemetry: An Integral Component of the Ocean Observing Toolkit. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6, 326. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00326 Cite

Helldin, J. O., & Petrovan, S. O. (2019). Effectiveness of small road tunnels and fences in reducing amphibian roadkill and barrier effects at retrofitted roads in Sweden. PeerJ, 7, e7518. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7518 Cite

Henschel, J. R., Wassenaar, T. D., Kanandjembo, A., Louw, M. K., Neef, G., Shuuya, T., & Soderberg, K. (2019). Roots point to water sources of Welwitschia mirabilis in a hyperarid desert: Roots point to welwitschia water sources. Ecohydrology, 12(1), e2039. https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.2039 Cite

Hermes, J. C., Masumoto, Y., Beal, L. M., Roxy, M. K., Vialard, J., Andres, M., Annamalai, H., Behera, S., D’Adamo, N., Doi, T., Feng, M., Han, W., Hardman-Mountford, N., Hendon, H., Hood, R., Kido, S., Lee, C., Lee, T., Lengaigne, M., … Yu, W. (2019). A Sustained Ocean Observing System in the Indian Ocean for Climate Related Scientific Knowledge and Societal Needs. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6, 355. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00355 Cite

Hughes, D. A. (2019). A simple approach to estimating channel transmission losses in large South African river basins. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, 25(June), 100619. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2019.100619 Cite

Hyvärinen, O., Timm Hoffman, M., & Reynolds, C. (2019). Vegetation dynamics in the face of a major land-use change: a 30-year case study from semi-arid South Africa. African Journal of Range and Forage Science, 36(3), 141–150. https://doi.org/10.2989/10220119.2019.1627582 Cite

Kannenberg, S. A., Maxwell, J. T., Pederson, N., D’Orangeville, L., Ficklin, D. L., & Phillips, R. P. (2019). Drought legacies are dependent on water table depth, wood anatomy and drought timing across the eastern US. Ecology Letters, 22(1), 119–127. https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.13173 Cite

Lemley, D. A., Adams, J. B., Bornman, T. G., Campbell, E. E., & Deyzel, S. H. P. (2019). Land-derived inorganic nutrient loading to coastal waters and potential implications for nearshore plankton dynamics. Continental Shelf Research, 174, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2019.01.003 Cite

MacFadyen, S., Hui, C., Verburg, P. H., & Van Teeffelen, A. J. A. (2019). Spatiotemporal distribution dynamics of elephants in response to density, rainfall, rivers and fire in Kruger National Park, South Africa. Diversity and Distributions, 25(6), 880–894. https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12907 Cite

Magadzire, N., Klerk, H. M., Esler, K. J., & Slingsby, J. A. (2019). Fire and life history affect the distribution of plant species in a biodiversity hotspot. Divers. Distrib., 25(7), 1012–1023. https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12921 Cite

Magoro, M., Dalu, T., Human, L., Perissinotto, R., Deyzel, S., Wooldridge, T., Adams, J., & Whitfield, A. (2019). Characterisation of selected micro-estuaries and micro-outlets in South Africa using microalgal, zooplanktonic and macrozoobenthic assemblages. African Journal of Aquatic Science, 44(4), 313–327. https://doi.org/10.2989/16085914.2019.1677211 Cite

Malan, N., Durgadoo, J. V., Biastoch, A., Reason, C., & Hermes, J. (2019). Multidecadal Wind Variability Drives Temperature Shifts on the Agulhas Bank. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 124(5), 3021–3035. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JC014614 Cite

McArthur, C., Finnerty, P. B., Schmitt, M. H., Shuttleworth, A., & Schrader, A. M. (2019). Plant volatiles are a salient cue for foraging mammals: elephants
target preferred plants despite background plant odour. Animal Behaviour, 1115, 199–216. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2019.07.002 Cite

Meyer-Milne, E., & Mlambo, M. (2019). A tale of records from Hakskeen Pan, the first record of Pumilibranchipus deserti Hamer and Brendonck, 1995 (Anostraca, Branchiopoda) from South Africa and the pursuit of a new world land speed record. African Journal of Aquatic Science, 44(4), 409–413. https://doi.org/10.2989/16085914.2019.1671165 Cite

Milatović, L., Anthony, B. P., & Swemmer, A. (2019). Estimating conservation effectiveness across protected areas in Limpopo Province, South Africa. KOEDOE – African Protected Area Conservation and Science, 61(1). https://doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v61i1.1530 Cite






2018
2592029
2018
items
1
0
author
asc
1
218
https://www.saeon.ac.za/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
%7B%22status%22%3A%22success%22%2C%22updateneeded%22%3Afalse%2C%22instance%22%3A%22zotpress-c21605710793e651c14fadf7c6123fde%22%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22request_last%22%3A100%2C%22request_next%22%3A50%2C%22used_cache%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22data%22%3A%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%224XZA6BDL%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22%2AKigomo%20J.N.%2C%20Kuria%20M.N.%20and%20E.M%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E%2AKigomo%20J.N.%2C%20Kuria%20M.N.%2C%20G.%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20E.M%2C%20W.%20%282018%29.%20jfewr%20%26%23xA9%3B2018%20-%20jfewr%20Publications.%20%3Ci%3EEvaluation%20of%20Land%20and%20Vegetation%20Degradation%20Indicators%20in%20Kiang%26%23×2019%3BOmbe%20Landscape%2C%20Mbeere%20North%2C%20Kenya%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E10%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%201%26%23×2013%3B10.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D4XZA6BDL%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22jfewr%20%5Cu00a92018%20-%20jfewr%20Publications%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gatama%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22%2AKigomo%20J.N.%2C%20Kuria%20M.N.%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Waweru%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22E.M%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A09%3A38Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%229GJR2AQ5%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Aduah%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAduah%2C%20M.%20S.%2C%20Jewitt%2C%20G.%20P.%20W.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Toucher%2C%20M.%20L.%20W.%20%282018%29.%20Assessing%20impacts%20of%20land%20use%20changes%20on%20the%20hydrology%20of%20a%20lowland%20rainforest%20catchment%20in%20Ghana%2C%20West%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EWater%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E10%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%209%26%23×2013%3B9.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D9GJR2AQ5%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Assessing%20impacts%20of%20land%20use%20changes%20on%20the%20hydrology%20of%20a%20lowland%20rainforest%20catchment%20in%20Ghana%2C%20West%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Aduah%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Graham%20P.%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jewitt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michele%20L.%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Toucher%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%5C%2Fjanuary%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-03T13%3A14%3A54Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22VXF34PGS%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Aduah%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAduah%2C%20M.%20S.%2C%20Jewitt%2C%20G.%20P.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Toucher%2C%20M.%20L.%20%282018%29.%20Assessing%20impacts%20of%20land%20use%20changes%20on%20the%20hydrology%20of%20a%20lowland%20rainforest%20catchment%20in%20Ghana%2C%20West%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EWater%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E10%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%209.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DVXF34PGS%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Assessing%20impacts%20of%20land%20use%20changes%20on%20the%20hydrology%20of%20a%20lowland%20rainforest%20catchment%20in%20Ghana%2C%20West%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%20S%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Aduah%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Graham%20PW%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jewitt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michele%20LW%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Toucher%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-03-11T11%3A46%3A22Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22YY7JAV2X%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Aduah%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAduah%2C%20M.%20S.%2C%20Jewitt%2C%20G.%20P.%20W.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Toucher%2C%20M.%20L.%20W.%20%282018%29.%20Assessing%20impacts%20of%20land%20use%20changes%20on%20the%20hydrology%20of%20a%20lowland%20rainforest%20catchment%20in%20Ghana%2C%20West%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EWater%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E10%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%209%26%23×2013%3B9.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DYY7JAV2X%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Assessing%20impacts%20of%20land%20use%20changes%20on%20the%20hydrology%20of%20a%20lowland%20rainforest%20catchment%20in%20Ghana%2C%20West%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Aduah%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Graham%20P.%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jewitt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michele%20L.%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Toucher%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%5C%2Fjanuary%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22F3ERISX2%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-11-09T07%3A20%3A52Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22SKYYUGN8%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Africa%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAfrica%2C%20S.%20%282018%29.%20%3Ci%3EEpisodic%20recharge%20of%20groundwater%20due%20to%20cyclonic%20events%20within%20the%20Limpopo%20province%20%2C%20South%20Africa%20Supervisor%26%23x202F%3B%3A%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%3Ci%3EMay%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DSKYYUGN8%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Episodic%20recharge%20of%20groundwater%20due%20to%20cyclonic%20events%20within%20the%20Limpopo%20province%20%2C%20South%20Africa%20Supervisor%20%3A%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22South%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Africa%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A01%3A37Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22L5LQTLMK%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Alvarado%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAlvarado%2C%20S.%20T.%2C%20Silva%2C%20T.%20S.%20F.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Archibald%2C%20S.%20%282018%29.%20Management%20impacts%20on%20fire%20occurrence%3A%20A%20comparison%20of%20fire%20regimes%20of%20African%20and%20South%20American%20tropical%20savannas%20in%20different%20protected%20areas.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Environmental%20Management%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E218%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%2079%26%23×2013%3B87.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jenvman.2018.04.004%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jenvman.2018.04.004%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DL5LQTLMK%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Management%20impacts%20on%20fire%20occurrence%3A%20A%20comparison%20of%20fire%20regimes%20of%20African%20and%20South%20American%20tropical%20savannas%20in%20different%20protected%20areas%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Swanni%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Alvarado%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thiago%20Sanna%20Freire%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Silva%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sally%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Archibald%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Humans%20can%20alter%20fire%20dynamics%20in%20grassland%20systems%20by%20changing%20fire%20frequency%2C%20fire%20seasonality%20and%20fuel%20conditions.%20These%20changes%20have%20effects%20on%20vegetation%20structure%20and%20recovery%2C%20species%20composition%2C%20and%20ecosystem%20function.%20Understanding%20how%20human%20management%20can%20affect%20fire%20regimes%20is%20vital%20to%20detect%20potential%20changes%20in%20the%20resilience%20of%20plant%20communities%2C%20and%20to%20predict%20vegetation%20responses%20to%20human%20interventions.%20We%20evaluated%20the%20fire%20regimes%20of%20two%20recently%20protected%20areas%20in%20Madagascar%20%28Ibity%20and%20Itremo%20NPA%29%20and%20one%20in%20Brazil%20%28Serra%20do%20Cip%5Cu00f3%20NP%29%20before%20and%20after%20livestock%20exclusion%20and%20fire%20suppression%20policies.%20We%20compare%20the%20pre-%20and%20post-management%20fire%20history%20in%20these%20areas%20and%20analyze%20differences%20in%20terms%20of%20total%20annual%20burned%20area%2C%20density%20of%20ignitions%2C%20burn%20scar%20size%20distribution%2C%20fire%20return%20period%20and%20seasonal%20fire%20distribution.%20More%20than%2090%25%20of%20total%20park%20areas%20were%20burned%20at%20least%20once%20during%20the%20studied%20period%2C%20for%20all%20parks.%20We%20observed%20a%20significant%20reduction%20in%20the%20number%20of%20ignitions%20for%20Ibity%20NPA%20and%20Serra%20do%20Cip%5Cu00f3%20NP%20after%20livestock%20exclusion%20and%20active%20fire%20suppression%2C%20but%20no%20significant%20change%20in%20total%20burned%20area%20for%20each%20protected%20area.%20We%20also%20observed%20a%20seasonal%20shift%20in%20burning%2C%20with%20fires%20happening%20later%20in%20the%20fire%20season%20%28October%5Cu2013November%29%20after%20management%20intervention.%20However%2C%20the%20protected%20areas%20in%20Madagascar%20had%20shorter%20fire%20return%20intervals%20%283.23%20and%201.82%20years%29%20than%20those%20in%20Brazil%20%287.91%20years%29.%20Our%20results%20demonstrate%20that%20fire%20exclusion%20is%20unattainable%2C%20and%20probably%20unwarranted%20in%20tropical%20grassland%20conservation%20areas%2C%20but%20show%20how%20human%20intervention%20in%20fire%20and%20vegetation%20patterns%20can%20alter%20various%20aspects%20of%20the%20fire%20regimes.%20This%20information%20can%20help%20with%20formulating%20realistic%20and%20effective%20fire%20management%20policies%20in%20these%20valuable%20conservation%20areas.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.jenvman.2018.04.004%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2210958630%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jenvman.2018.04.004%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A53%3A20Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%223M7D3FDW%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Arena%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018-12-10%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EArena%2C%20G.%2C%20van%20der%20Merwe%2C%20H.%2C%20Todd%2C%20S.%20W.%2C%20Pauw%2C%20M.%20J.%2C%20Milton%2C%20S.%20J.%2C%20Dean%2C%20W.%20R.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Henschel%2C%20J.%20R.%20%282018%29.%20Reflections%2C%20applications%20and%20future%20directions%20of%20Long-Term%20Ecological%20Research%20at%20Tierberg.%20%3Ci%3EAfrican%20Journal%20of%20Range%20%26amp%3B%20Forage%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E35%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%26%23×2013%3B4%29%2C%20257%26%23×2013%3B265.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F10220119.2018.1513072%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F10220119.2018.1513072%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D3M7D3FDW%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Reflections%2C%20applications%20and%20future%20directions%20of%20Long-Term%20Ecological%20Research%20at%20Tierberg%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Arena%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Helga%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22van%20der%20Merwe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Simon%20W%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Todd%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marco%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pauw%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Suzanne%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Milton%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W%20Richard%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dean%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joh%20R%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Henschel%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Tierberg-LTER%20is%20a%20research%20site%20established%20in%201987%20in%20the%20semi-arid%20Succulent%20Karoo%20near%20Prince%20Albert%20in%20the%20Western%20Cape%20province%2C%20South%20Africa.%20The%20original%20purpose%20for%20its%20establishment%20was%20to%20study%20ecosystem%20dynamics%20and%20the%20drivers%20of%20vegetation%20in%20the%20context%20of%20historical%20land%20use.%20The%20large%20body%20of%20work%20that%20has%20materialised%20from%20Tierberg-LTER%20is%20grounded%20on%20extensive%20baseline%20data%20and%20has%20greatly%20influenced%20the%20broader%20Karoo%20literature.%20It%20stands%20as%20the%20only%20long-term%20ecological%20research%20facility%20for%20the%20semi-arid%20region%20of%20South%20Africa.%20The%20Karoo%20environment%20faces%20several%20new%20developments%20centred%20largely%20on%20the%20expanding%20energy%20sector.%20Under%20a%20changing%20climate%2C%20ecosystems%20will%20have%20to%20further%20adapt%20to%20the%20impacts%20of%20such%20developments.%20The%20future%20research%20programme%20for%20Tierberg-LTER%20will%20accordingly%20continue%20to%20focus%20on%20understanding%20Karoo%20ecosystem%20dynamics%20and%20drivers%20of%20climate%20and%20anthropogenic%20change%20at%20local%20scales%2C%20thereby%20informing%20management%20and%20mitigation%20of%20future%20development%20impacts.%20Among%20a%20growing%20network%20of%20Karoo%20research%20sites%2C%20Tierberg-LTER%20maintains%20a%20unique%20role%20for%20long-term%20and%20intensive%20research%20that%20will%20contribute%20significantly%20towards%20the%20South%20African%20Environmental%20Observation%20Network%5Cu2019s%20vision%20of%20furthering%20ecosystem%20integrity%2C%20societal%20prosperity%20and%20sustainable%20development.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018-12-10%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.2989%5C%2F10220119.2018.1513072%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221022-0119%2C%201727-9380%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Ffull%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F10220119.2018.1513072%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22CM9YQJBN%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-15T08%3A05%3A47Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22X3NPPWJR%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Atkinson%20and%20Sink%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAtkinson%2C%20L.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Sink%2C%20K.%20J.%20%282018%29.%20%3Ci%3EField%20guide%20to%20the%20offshore%20marine%20invertebrates%20of%20South%20Africa%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DX3NPPWJR%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Field%20guide%20to%20the%20offshore%20marine%20invertebrates%20of%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lara%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Atkinson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kerry%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sink%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%221-86868-098-3%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BGDWYJZJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-12-15T12%3A06%3A38Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%225AQPRRKE%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Badenhorst%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBadenhorst%2C%20J.%2C%20Dabrowski%2C%20J.%2C%20Scholtz%2C%20C.%20H.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Truter%2C%20W.%20F.%20%282018%29.%20Dung%20beetle%20activity%20improves%20herbaceous%20plant%20growth%20and%20soil%20properties%20on%20confinements%20simulating%20reclaimed%20mined%20land%20in%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EApplied%20Soil%20Ecology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E132%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%28September%29%2C%2053%26%23×2013%3B59.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.apsoil.2018.08.011%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.apsoil.2018.08.011%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D5AQPRRKE%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Dung%20beetle%20activity%20improves%20herbaceous%20plant%20growth%20and%20soil%20properties%20on%20confinements%20simulating%20reclaimed%20mined%20land%20in%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jessica%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Badenhorst%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jackie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dabrowski%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Clarke%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Scholtz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wayne%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Truter%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Mining%20activities%20contribute%20greatly%20to%20economic%20growth%20and%20development%20in%20South%20Africa.%20However%2C%20post-mining%20soils%20have%20limited%20land-use%20potential%20due%20to%20low%20fertility%2C%20deficiency%20in%20organic%20matter%20content%20and%20poor%20physical%2C%20chemical%2C%20and%20microbiological%20properties.%20Dung%20beetles%20could%20potentially%20improve%20several%20aspects%20of%20soil%20degradation%2C%20complementing%20current%20rehabilitation%20efforts.%20Studies%20in%20relatively%20undisturbed%20soils%20of%20agro-ecosystems%20have%20found%20that%20dung%20burial%20introduces%20essential%20nutrients%20in%20dung%20to%20the%20plant%20root%20zone%2C%20which%20would%20otherwise%20remain%20on%20the%20soil%20surface%20and%20mostly%20volatilize%20in%20the%20absence%20of%20dung%20beetles.%20Furthermore%2C%20dung%20beetles%20create%20tunnels%20under%20dung%20pats%2C%20improving%20water%20infiltration%20rates%2C%20bulk%20density%2C%20soil%20aeration%20and%20pasture%20yields.%20The%20aim%20of%20the%20study%20was%20to%20determine%20whether%20these%20effects%20could%20be%20maintained%20on%20soil%20simulating%20reclaimed%20mined%20land%2C%20where%20very%20high%20rates%20of%20compaction%20may%20prevent%20tunnelling%20altogether.%20Three%20experimental%20treatments%20of%20dung%20%2B%20beetles%20%28D%20%2B%20B%29%2C%20dung%20only%20%28D%29%20and%20control%5C%2Fno%20dung%2C%20no%20dung%20beetles%20%28X%29%20were%20applied%20twice%20over%202%20years%20on%201%20m3%20experimental%20confinements.%20Various%20soil%20and%20herbaceous%20plant%20properties%20were%20assessed%20one%20and%20six%20months%20after%20each%20application%20of%20dung%20and%20beetles.%20Results%20obtained%20showed%20that%20water%20infiltration%20rate%20and%20plant%20biomass%20was%20significantly%20higher%20for%20all%20confinements%20containing%20dung%20beetles.%20Penetration%20resistance%20%28soil%20strength%29%20was%20significantly%20reduced%20for%20confinements%20with%20dung%20beetles.%20Magnesium%20and%20potassium%20levels%20in%20the%20soil%20were%20significantly%20higher%20for%20D%20%2B%20B%20treatments%20when%20compared%20to%20D%20and%20X%20treatments.%20In%20conclusion%2C%20results%20showed%20that%20dung%20beetles%20were%20able%20to%20maintain%20their%20activities%20in%20soils%20typical%20of%20reclaimed%20mine%20land%2C%20significantly%20improving%20soil%20properties%20and%20herbaceous%20plant%20growth.%20Incorporating%20the%20application%20of%20dung%20beetles%20to%20the%20conventional%20approach%20to%20rehabilitation%20has%20the%20potential%20to%20improve%20the%20efficacy%20of%20coal%20mine%20reclamation.%20This%20biological%20approach%20may%20also%20prove%20to%20be%20cost-effective%20over%20time%20as%20it%20provides%20a%20seasonal%20source%20of%20bioturbation%2C%20which%20does%20not%20disturb%20plant%20growth%20and%20reduces%20the%20requirements%20for%20soil%20rejuvenating%20tillage%20practices.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.apsoil.2018.08.011%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2209291393%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A11%3A56Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22MAHGTJE9%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bezuidenhout%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBezuidenhout%2C%20H.%2C%20Botha%2C%20J.%2C%20Ramaswiela%2C%20T.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20O%26%23×2019%3BConnor%2C%20T.%20G.%20%282018%29.%20Key%20determinants%20of%20long-term%20compositional%20variation%20of%20the%20herbaceous%20layer%20in%20a%20semi-arid%20African%20savanna%3A%20Rainfall%2C%20soil%20type%2C%20and%20plant%20species%20functional%20types.%20%3Ci%3ESuid-Afrikaanse%20Tydskrif%20Vir%20Natuurwetenskap%20En%20Tegnologie%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DMAHGTJE9%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Key%20determinants%20of%20long-term%20compositional%20variation%20of%20the%20herbaceous%20layer%20in%20a%20semi-arid%20African%20savanna%3A%20Rainfall%2C%20soil%20type%2C%20and%20plant%20species%20functional%20types%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hugo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bezuidenhout%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Botha%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tshililo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ramaswiela%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Timothy%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22O%27Connor%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222222-4173%2C%200254-3486%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22CM9YQJBN%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-15T08%3A05%3A46Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22L8Q5BCWK%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bliefernicht%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBliefernicht%2C%20J.%2C%20Berger%2C%20S.%2C%20Salack%2C%20S.%2C%20Guug%2C%20S.%2C%20Hingerl%2C%20L.%2C%20Heinzeller%2C%20D.%2C%20Mauder%2C%20M.%2C%20Steinbrecher%2C%20R.%2C%20Steup%2C%20G.%2C%20Bossa%2C%20A.%20Y.%2C%20Waongo%2C%20M.%2C%20Quansah%2C%20E.%2C%20Balogun%2C%20A.%20A.%2C%20Yira%2C%20Y.%2C%20Arnault%2C%20J.%2C%20Wagner%2C%20S.%2C%20Klein%2C%20C.%2C%20Gessner%2C%20U.%2C%20Knauer%2C%20K.%2C%20%26%23×2026%3B%20Kunstmann%2C%20H.%20%282018%29.%20The%20WASCAL%20Hydrometeorological%20Observatory%20in%20the%20Sudan%20Savanna%20of%20Burkina%20Faso%20and%20Ghana.%20%3Ci%3EVadose%20Zone%20Journal%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E17%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%20180065.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2136%5C%2Fvzj2018.03.0065%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2136%5C%2Fvzj2018.03.0065%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DL8Q5BCWK%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20WASCAL%20Hydrometeorological%20Observatory%20in%20the%20Sudan%20Savanna%20of%20Burkina%20Faso%20and%20Ghana%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bliefernicht%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Berger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Salack%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Guug%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hingerl%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Heinzeller%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mauder%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Steinbrecher%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Steup%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bossa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Waongo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Quansah%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Balogun%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yira%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Arnault%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wagner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Klein%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22U.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gessner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Knauer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Straub%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sch%5Cu00f6nrock%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kunkel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Okogbue%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rogmann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Neidl%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jahn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Diekkr%5Cu00fcger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Aduna%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Barry%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kunstmann%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%5Cu00a9%20Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America.%20Watersheds%20with%20rich%20hydrometeorological%20equipment%20are%20still%20very%20limited%20in%20West%20Africa%20but%20are%20essential%20for%20an%20improved%20analysis%20of%20environmental%20changes%20and%20their%20impacts%20in%20this%20region.%20This%20study%20gives%20an%20overview%20of%20a%20novel%20hydrometeorological%20observatory%20that%20was%20established%20for%20two%20mesoscale%20watersheds%20in%20the%20Sudan%20Savanna%20of%20Southern%20Burkina%20Faso%20and%20Northern%20Ghana%20as%20part%20of%20the%20West%20African%20Science%20Service%20Centre%20on%20Climate%20Change%20and%20Adapted%20Land%20Use%20%28WASCAL%29%20program.%20The%20study%20area%20is%20characterized%20by%20severe%20land%20cover%20changes%20due%20to%20a%20strongly%20increasing%20demand%20of%20agricultural%20land.%20The%20observatory%20is%20designed%20for%20long-term%20measurements%20of%20%5C%5Ctextgreater30%20hydrometeorological%20variables%20in%20subhourly%20resolution%20and%20further%20variables%20such%20as%20CO2.%20This%20information%20is%20complemented%20by%20long-term%20daily%20measurements%20from%20national%20meteorological%20and%20hydrological%20networks%2C%20among%20several%20other%20datasets%20recently%20established%20for%20this%20region.%20A%20unique%20component%20of%20the%20observatory%20is%20a%20micrometeorological%20field%20experiment%20using%20eddy%20covariance%20stations%20implemented%20at%20three%20contrasting%20sites%20%28near-natural%2C%20cropland%2C%20and%20degraded%20grassland%29%20to%20assess%20the%20impact%20of%20land%20cover%20changes%20on%20water%2C%20energy%2C%20and%20CO2%20fluxes.%20The%20datasets%20of%20the%20observatory%20are%20needed%20by%20many%20modeling%20and%20field%20studies%20conducted%20in%20this%20region%20and%20are%20made%20available%20via%20the%20WASCAL%20database.%20Moreover%2C%20the%20observatory%20forms%20an%20excellent%20platform%20for%20future%20investigations%20and%20can%20be%20used%20as%20observational%20foundation%20for%20environmental%20observatories%20for%20an%20improved%20assessment%20of%20environmental%20changes%20and%20their%20socioeconomic%20impacts%20for%20the%20savanna%20regions%20of%20West%20Africa.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.2136%5C%2Fvzj2018.03.0065%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221539-1663%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A59%3A09Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%225PN2QZ4M%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Buisson%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBuisson%2C%20E.%2C%20Le%20Stradic%2C%20S.%2C%20Silveira%2C%20F.%20A.%20O.%2C%20Durigan%2C%20G.%2C%20Overbeck%2C%20G.%20E.%2C%20Fidelis%2C%20A.%2C%20Fernandes%2C%20G.%20W.%2C%20Bond%2C%20W.%20J.%2C%20Hermann%2C%20J.-M.%2C%20Mahy%2C%20G.%2C%20Alvarado%2C%20S.%20T.%2C%20Zaloumis%2C%20N.%20P.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Veldman%2C%20J.%20W.%20%282018%29.%20Resilience%20and%20restoration%20of%20tropical%20and%20subtropical%20grasslands%2C%20savannas%2C%20and%20grassy%20woodlands.%20%3Ci%3EBiological%20Reviews%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%200%26%23×2013%3B000.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fbrv.12470%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fbrv.12470%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D5PN2QZ4M%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Resilience%20and%20restoration%20of%20tropical%20and%20subtropical%20grasslands%2C%20savannas%2C%20and%20grassy%20woodlands%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elise%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Buisson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Soizig%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Le%20Stradic%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fernando%20A%20O%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Silveira%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Giselda%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Durigan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gerhard%20E%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Overbeck%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alessandra%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fidelis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G%20Wilson%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fernandes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bond%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Julia-Maria%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hermann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gregory%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mahy%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Swanni%20T%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Alvarado%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicholas%20P%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zaloumis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joseph%20W%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Veldman%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Despite%20growing%20recognition%20of%20the%20conservation%20values%20of%20grassy%20biomes%2C%20our%20understanding%20of%20how%20to%20maintain%20and%20restore%20biodiverse%20tropical%20grasslands%20%28including%20savannas%20and%20open-canopy%20grassy%20woodlands%29%20remains%20limited.%20To%20incorporate%20grasslands%20into%20large-scale%20restoration%20efforts%2C%20we%20synthesised%20existing%20ecological%20knowledge%20of%20tropical%20grassland%20resilience%20and%20approaches%20to%20plant%20community%20restoration.%20Tropical%20grassland%20plant%20communities%20are%20resilient%20to%2C%20and%20often%20dependent%20on%2C%20the%20endogenous%20disturbances%20with%20which%20they%20evolved-frequent%20fires%20and%20native%20megafaunal%20herbivory.%20In%20stark%20contrast%2C%20tropical%20grasslands%20are%20extremely%20vulnerable%20to%20human-caused%20exogenous%20disturbances%2C%20particularly%20those%20that%20alter%20soils%20and%20destroy%20belowground%20biomass%20%28e.g.%20tillage%20agriculture%2C%20surface%20mining%29%3B%20tropical%20grassland%20restoration%20after%20severe%20soil%20disturbances%20is%20expensive%20and%20rarely%20achieves%20management%20targets.%20Where%20grasslands%20have%20been%20degraded%20by%20altered%20disturbance%20regimes%20%28e.g.%20fire%20exclusion%29%2C%20exotic%20plant%20invasions%2C%20or%20afforestation%2C%20restoration%20efforts%20can%20recreate%20vegetation%20structure%20%28i.e.%20historical%20tree%20density%20and%20herbaceous%20ground%20cover%29%2C%20but%20species-diverse%20plant%20communities%2C%20including%20endemic%20species%2C%20are%20slow%20to%20recover.%20Complicating%20plant-community%20restoration%20efforts%2C%20many%20tropical%20grassland%20species%2C%20particularly%20those%20that%20invest%20in%20underground%20storage%20organs%2C%20are%20difficult%20to%20propagate%20and%20re-establish.%20To%20guide%20restoration%20decisions%2C%20we%20draw%20on%20the%20old-growth%20grassland%20concept%2C%20the%20novel%20ecosystem%20concept%2C%20and%20theory%20regarding%20tree%20cover%20along%20resource%20gradients%20in%20savannas%20to%20propose%20a%20conceptual%20framework%20that%20classifies%20tropical%20grasslands%20into%20three%20broad%20ecosystem%20states.%20These%20states%20are%3A%20%281%29%20old-growth%20grasslands%20%28i.e.%20ancient%2C%20biodiverse%20grassy%20ecosystems%29%2C%20where%20management%20should%20focus%20on%20the%20maintenance%20Elise%20Buisson%20and%20others%20of%20disturbance%20regimes%3B%20%282%29%20hybrid%20grasslands%2C%20where%20restoration%20should%20emphasise%20a%20return%20towards%20the%20old-growth%20state%3B%20and%20%283%29%20novel%20ecosystems%2C%20where%20the%20magnitude%20of%20environmental%20change%20%28i.e.%20a%20shift%20to%20an%20alternative%20ecosystem%20state%29%20or%20the%20socioecological%20context%20preclude%20a%20return%20to%20historical%20conditions.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fbrv.12470%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A13%3A38Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ZF5HZUKM%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bushnell%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018-05-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBushnell%2C%20M.%2C%20Buttigieg%2C%20P.%20L.%2C%20Hermes%2C%20J.%2C%20Heslop%2C%20E.%2C%20Karstensen%2C%20J.%2C%20Muller-Karger%2C%20F.%2C%20Mas%2C%20C.%20M.%2C%20Pearlman%2C%20F.%2C%20Pearlman%2C%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Simpson%2C%20P.%20%282018%29.%20Sharing%20Best%20Practices%20Among%20Operators%20and%20Users%20of%20Oceanographic%20Data%3A%20Challenge%2C%20Status%2C%20and%20Plans%20of%20the%20Ocean%20Best%20Practices%20Project.%20%3Ci%3EMarine%20Technology%20Society%20Journal%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E52%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%208%26%23×2013%3B12.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.4031%5C%2FMTSJ.52.3.11%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.4031%5C%2FMTSJ.52.3.11%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DZF5HZUKM%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Sharing%20Best%20Practices%20Among%20Operators%20and%20Users%20of%20Oceanographic%20Data%3A%20Challenge%2C%20Status%2C%20and%20Plans%20of%20the%20Ocean%20Best%20Practices%20Project%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mark%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bushnell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pier%20Luigi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Buttigieg%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Juliet%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hermes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Emma%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Heslop%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Johannes%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Karstensen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Frank%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Muller-Karger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cristian%20Mu%5Cu00f1oz%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Francoise%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pearlman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jay%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pearlman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pauline%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Simpson%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018-05-01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.4031%5C%2FMTSJ.52.3.11%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220025-3324%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.ingentaconnect.com%5C%2Fcontent%5C%2F10.4031%5C%2FMTSJ.52.3.11%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BGDWYJZJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-04-13T19%3A05%3A56Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22AWMWEE4U%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Cai%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECai%2C%20L.-M.%2C%20Wang%2C%20Q.-S.%2C%20Luo%2C%20J.%2C%20Chen%2C%20L.-G.%2C%20Zhu%2C%20R.-L.%2C%20Wang%2C%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Tang%2C%20C.-H.%20%282018%29.%20Heavy%20metal%20contamination%20and%20health%20risk%20assessment%20for%20children%20near%20a%20large%20Cu-smelter%20in%20central%20China.%20%3Ci%3EScience%20of%20the%20Total%20Environment%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E650%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20725%26%23×2013%3B733.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.scitotenv.2018.09.081%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.scitotenv.2018.09.081%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DAWMWEE4U%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Heavy%20metal%20contamination%20and%20health%20risk%20assessment%20for%20children%20near%20a%20large%20Cu-smelter%20in%20central%20China%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Li-Mei%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cai%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Qiu-Shuang%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Luo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lai-Guo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Run-Liang%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zhu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Shuo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cui-Hua%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tang%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%5Cu2022%20A%20comprehensive%20heavy%20metal%20pollution%20and%20health%20risk%20assessment%20of%20soil%2C%20crop%2C%20well%20water%20and%20fish%20was%20conducted.%20%5Cu2022%20Elevated%20concentrations%20of%20heavy%20metals%20were%20found%20in%20the%20soil%2C%20crop%2C%20well%20water%20and%20fish.%20%5Cu2022%20Health%20risk%20of%20heavy%20metal%20pollution%20was%20high%20for%20local%20children.%20Nonferrous%20metallurgy%20is%20causing%20significant%20concerns%20due%20to%20its%20emissions%20of%20heavy%20metals%20into%20environment%2C%20degrading%20environmental%20quality%2C%20and%20consequently%20posing%20high%20risks%20to%20human%20health.%20In%20this%20study%2C%20the%20concentration%20levels%20of%20Cadmium%20%28Cd%29%2C%20Copper%20%28Cu%29%2C%20Lead%20%28Pb%29%2C%20and%20Arsenic%20%28As%29%20were%20investigated%20in%20soil%2C%20crop%2C%20well%20water%2C%20and%20fish%20samples%20collected%20around%20the%20Daye%20Copper%20Smelter%20in%20Hubei%20province%2C%20China%2C%20and%20the%20potential%20health%20risks%20were%20assessed%20for%20local%20children.%20The%20results%20showed%20that%20soils%20near%20the%20smelter%20were%20heavily%20polluted%20by%20Cd%2C%20Cu%2C%20Pb%2C%20and%20As%2C%20with%20the%20mean%20concentrations%20of%204.87%2C%20195.26%2C%2092.65%2C%20and%2035.84%20mg%5C%2Fkg%2C%20respectively%2C%20which%20were%20significantly%20higher%20than%20the%20values%20of%20soil%20Cd%20%280.18%20mg%5C%2Fkg%29%2C%20Cu%20%2832.84%20mg%5C%2Fkg%29%2C%20Pb%20%2828.46%20mg%5C%2Fkg%29%2C%20and%20As%20%2813.65%20mg%5C%2Fkg%29%20in%20the%20reference%20area%20%28p%20b%200.001%29.%20The%20concentrations%20of%20Cd%20and%20As%20in%20vegetable%20samples%20collected%20from%20smelter-affected%20area%20exceeded%20the%20maximum%20permissible%20level%20%28MPL%29%20for%20food%20in%20China%20by%2082%25%20and%2039%25%2C%20respectively.%20The%20concentrations%20of%20Cd%20and%20Pb%20in%20rice%20grain%20harvested%20from%20smelter-affected%20area%20were%209.35%20and%201.35%20times%20higher%20than%20the%20corresponding%20MPL%2C%20respectively.%20The%20concentrations%20of%20Cd%2C%20As%2C%20and%20Cu%20in%20fish%20muscle%20from%20smelter-affected%20area%20exceeded%20the%20national%20MPL%20by%2072%25%2C%2041%25%2C%20and%2024%25%20of%20analyzed%20samples%2C%20respectively.%20The%20concentrations%20of%20Cd%20%28p%20b%200.05%29%20and%20As%20%28p%20b%200.01%29%20in%20well%20water%20were%20significantly%20higher%20in%20the%20smelter-affected%20area%20than%20those%20in%20the%20reference%20area%2C%20respectively.%20The%20health%20risks%20to%20local%20children%20in%20the%20smelter-affected%20area%20were%2030.25%20times%20higher%20than%20the%20acceptable%20level%20of%201%2C%20and%20most%20of%20the%20risks%20were%20resulted%20from%20Cd%20%2846%25%29%2C%20As%20%2827%25%29%20and%20Pb%20%2820%25%29.%20The%20intake%20of%20crops%20was%20a%20major%20source%20%2878%25%29%20to%20health%20risks%20for%20local%20children.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.scitotenv.2018.09.081%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fac-els-cdn-com.ez.sun.ac.za%5C%2FS0048969718335186%5C%2F1-s2.0-S0048969718335186-main.pdf%3F%7B%5C%5C_%7Dtid%3D9858781e-bab6-4f13-96c1-311317f4d05a%7B%5C%5C%26%7Dacdnat%3D1540147682%7B%5C%5C_%7D298e4132389100959befd3fc33b0b801%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A14%3A45Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22EFR82HTQ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Choat%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EChoat%2C%20B.%2C%20Brodribb%2C%20T.%20J.%2C%20Brodersen%2C%20C.%20R.%2C%20Duursma%2C%20R.%20A.%2C%20L%26%23xF3%3Bpez%2C%20R.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Medlyn%2C%20B.%20E.%20%282018%29.%20Triggers%20of%20tree%20mortality%20under%20drought.%20%3Ci%3ENature%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E558%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%287711%29%2C%20531%26%23×2013%3B539.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41586-018-0240-x%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41586-018-0240-x%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DEFR82HTQ%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Triggers%20of%20tree%20mortality%20under%20drought%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Brendan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Choat%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Timothy%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Brodribb%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Craig%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Brodersen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Remko%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Duursma%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rosana%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22L%5Cu00f3pez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Belinda%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Medlyn%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%5Cu00a9%202018%20Macmillan%20Publishers%20Ltd.%2C%20part%20of%20Springer%20Nature.%20Severe%20droughts%20have%20caused%20widespread%20tree%20mortality%20across%20many%20forest%20biomes%20with%20profound%20effects%20on%20the%20function%20of%20ecosystems%20and%20carbon%20balance.%20Climate%20change%20is%20expected%20to%20intensify%20regional-scale%20droughts%2C%20focusing%20attention%20on%20the%20physiological%20basis%20of%20drought-induced%20tree%20mortality.%20Recent%20work%20has%20shown%20that%20catastrophic%20failure%20of%20the%20plant%20hydraulic%20system%20is%20a%20principal%20mechanism%20involved%20in%20extensive%20crown%20death%20and%20tree%20mortality%20during%20drought%2C%20but%20the%20multi-dimensional%20response%20of%20trees%20to%20desiccation%20is%20complex.%20Here%20we%20focus%20on%20the%20current%20understanding%20of%20tree%20hydraulic%20performance%20under%20drought%2C%20the%20identification%20of%20physiological%20thresholds%20that%20precipitate%20mortality%20and%20the%20mechanisms%20of%20recovery%20after%20drought.%20Building%20on%20this%2C%20we%20discuss%20the%20potential%20application%20of%20hydraulic%20thresholds%20to%20process-based%20models%20that%20predict%20mortality.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1038%5C%2Fs41586-018-0240-x%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2214764687%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A25%3A14Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22TIFFHIZD%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Dalerum%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDalerum%2C%20F.%2C%20Miranda%2C%20M.%2C%20Mu%26%23xF1%3Biz%2C%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Rodr%26%23xED%3Bguez%2C%20P.%20%282018%29.%20Effects%20of%20scarcity%2C%20aesthetics%20and%20ecology%20on%20wildlife%20auction%20prices%20of%20large%20African%20mammals.%20%3Ci%3EAmbio%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E47%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%2078%26%23×2013%3B85.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs13280-017-0937-3%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs13280-017-0937-3%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DTIFFHIZD%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Effects%20of%20scarcity%2C%20aesthetics%20and%20ecology%20on%20wildlife%20auction%20prices%20of%20large%20African%20mammals%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fredrik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dalerum%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mar%5Cu00eda%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Miranda%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cristina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mu%5Cu00f1iz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pl%5Cu00e1cido%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rodr%5Cu00edguez%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22For%20successful%20integration%20of%20biological%20conservation%20into%20economic%20markets%2C%20economic%20processes%20need%20to%20capture%20ecological%20values.%20South%20African%20wildlife%20ranching%20is%20a%20tourist-based%20activity%20that%20generates%20unique%20information%20on%20the%20economic%20value%20of%20wildlife%20species.%20We%20used%20public%20data%20from%20South%20African%20wildlife%20auctions%20to%20evaluate%20if%20annual%20prices%201991%5Cu20132012%20related%20to%20species%20characteristics%20associated%20with%20scarcity%2C%20aesthetics%20and%20ecology%20of%20South%20African%20carnivores%20and%20ungulates.%20While%20none%20of%20the%20species%20characteristics%20influenced%20carnivore%20prices%2C%20ungulate%20prices%20were%20related%20to%20characteristics%20associated%20with%20novelty%20and%20aesthetics%2C%20which%20relative%20importance%20had%20increased%20over%20time.%20We%20raise%20both%20ecological%20and%20economic%20concerns%20for%20this%20apparent%20focus.%20Our%20results%20also%20suggest%20a%20potential%20importance%20of%20non-species-related%20factors%2C%20such%20as%20market%20and%20buyer%20characteristics.%20We%20encourage%20further%20evaluation%20of%20the%20relative%20influences%20of%20species%20characteristics%20versus%20factors%20that%20are%20intrinsically%20linked%20to%20economic%20processes%20on%20price%20variations%20in%20South%20African%20wildlife.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs13280-017-0937-3%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2216547209%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A53%3A03Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22VSIVSM6X%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Dalerum%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDalerum%2C%20F.%2C%20Miranda%2C%20M.%2C%20Mu%26%23xF1%3Biz%2C%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Rodr%26%23xED%3Bguez%2C%20P.%20%282018%29.%20Effects%20of%20scarcity%2C%20aesthetics%20and%20ecology%20on%20wildlife%20auction%20prices%20of%20large%20African%20mammals.%20%3Ci%3EAmbio%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E47%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%2078%26%23×2013%3B85.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs13280-017-0937-3%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs13280-017-0937-3%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DVSIVSM6X%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Effects%20of%20scarcity%2C%20aesthetics%20and%20ecology%20on%20wildlife%20auction%20prices%20of%20large%20African%20mammals%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fredrik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dalerum%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mar%5Cu00eda%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Miranda%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cristina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mu%5Cu00f1iz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pl%5Cu00e1cido%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rodr%5Cu00edguez%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22For%20successful%20integration%20of%20biological%20conservation%20into%20economic%20markets%2C%20economic%20processes%20need%20to%20capture%20ecological%20values.%20South%20African%20wildlife%20ranching%20is%20a%20tourist-based%20activity%20that%20generates%20unique%20information%20on%20the%20economic%20value%20of%20wildlife%20species.%20We%20used%20public%20data%20from%20South%20African%20wildlife%20auctions%20to%20evaluate%20if%20annual%20prices%201991%5Cu20132012%20related%20to%20species%20characteristics%20associated%20with%20scarcity%2C%20aesthetics%20and%20ecology%20of%20South%20African%20carnivores%20and%20ungulates.%20While%20none%20of%20the%20species%20characteristics%20influenced%20carnivore%20prices%2C%20ungulate%20prices%20were%20related%20to%20characteristics%20associated%20with%20novelty%20and%20aesthetics%2C%20which%20relative%20importance%20had%20increased%20over%20time.%20We%20raise%20both%20ecological%20and%20economic%20concerns%20for%20this%20apparent%20focus.%20Our%20results%20also%20suggest%20a%20potential%20importance%20of%20non-species-related%20factors%2C%20such%20as%20market%20and%20buyer%20characteristics.%20We%20encourage%20further%20evaluation%20of%20the%20relative%20influences%20of%20species%20characteristics%20versus%20factors%20that%20are%20intrinsically%20linked%20to%20economic%20processes%20on%20price%20variations%20in%20South%20African%20wildlife.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs13280-017-0937-3%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2216547209%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A00%3A36Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22MWH62ZGQ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Dalu%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018-08-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDalu%2C%20T.%2C%20Magoro%2C%20M.%20L.%2C%20Tonkin%2C%20J.%20D.%2C%20Human%2C%20L.%20R.%20D.%2C%20Perissinotto%2C%20R.%2C%20Deyzel%2C%20S.%20H.%20P.%2C%20Adams%2C%20J.%20B.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Whitfield%2C%20A.%20K.%20%282018%29.%20Assessing%20phytoplankton%20composition%20and%20structure%20within%20micro-estuaries%20and%20micro-outlets%3A%20a%20community%20analysis%20approach.%20%3Ci%3EHydrobiologia%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E818%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%20177%26%23×2013%3B191.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs10750-018-3605-0%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs10750-018-3605-0%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DMWH62ZGQ%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Assessing%20phytoplankton%20composition%20and%20structure%20within%20micro-estuaries%20and%20micro-outlets%3A%20a%20community%20analysis%20approach%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tatenda%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dalu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mandla%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Magoro%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jonathan%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tonkin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lucienne%20R.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Human%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Renzo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Perissinotto%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Shaun%20H.%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deyzel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Janine%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Adams%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alan%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Whitfield%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Micro-estuaries%20and%20micro-outlets%20represent%20small%20coastal%20waterbodies%20that%20differ%20in%20their%20relative%20salinity%20and%20size%2C%20with%20the%20former%20being%20larger%2C%20more%20saline%20%28mesohaline%20versus%20oligohaline%29%2C%20and%20exchanging%20with%20the%20sea%20more%20often%20than%20the%20latter.%20There%20are%20thousands%20of%20these%20waterbodies%20along%20the%20world%5Cu2019s%20coastline%2C%20yet%20few%20of%20these%20very%20small%20systems%20have%20been%20identified%20and%20studied.%20We%20investigated%20systematic%20differences%20between%20micro-estuaries%20and%20micro-outlets%20in%20terms%20of%20phytoplankton%20community%20composition%2C%20including%20spatio-temporal%20variation%20in%20both%20community%20structure%20and%20biomass%20%28chlorophyll-a%29.%20A%20multivariate%20analysis%20was%20used%20to%20assess%20differences%20in%20environmental%20variables%2C%20biomass%20and%20phytoplankton%20community%20composition%20across%20four%20seasons%20and%20the%20two%20waterbody%20types.%20A%20total%20of%20260%20%2863%20families%29%20and%20244%20%2874%20families%29%20phytoplankton%20taxa%20were%20identified%20within%20the%20micro-estuaries%20and%20micro-outlets%2C%20respectively.%20Nano-%20and%20picoplankton%20were%20the%20dominant%20groups%20in%20micro-estuaries%2C%20and%20pico-%20and%20microplankton%20in%20micro-outlets.%20Micro-estuaries%20were%20rich%20in%20phytoplankton%20taxa%20representative%20of%20marine%2C%20estuarine%20and%20freshwater%20conditions%2C%20with%20a%20successional%20sequence%20in%20dominance%20evident%2C%20from%20Chlorophyta%20during%20winter%20to%20Bacillariophyta%20in%20spring%20and%20Cyanophyta%20in%20summer.%20By%20contrast%2C%20micro-outlets%20were%20mostly%20dominated%20by%20freshwater%20taxa%2C%20with%20Chlorophyta%20remaining%20the%20dominant%20group%20across%20all%20four%20seasons.%20Higher%20phytoplankton%20biomass%20was%20recorded%20during%20the%20winter%20when%20increased%20nutrients%20were%20available%20following%20catchment%20flooding.%20Seasonal%20switching%20in%20phytoplankton%20was%20reflected%20not%20only%20in%20changing%20dominance%20patterns%20in%20both%20habitat%20types%20but%20also%20in%20complete%20replacement%20of%20some%20species%20in%20micro-outlets%2C%20despite%20Chlorophyta%20remaining%20dominant.%20Such%20temporal%20turnover%2C%20which%20is%20often%20accompanied%20by%20predictable%20seasonal%20changes%20in%20environmental%20conditions%2C%20can%20promote%20overall%20species%20richness%20by%20allowing%20more%20taxa%20to%20coexist%20in%20a%20single%20environment%20through%20temporal%20niche%20segregation.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018-08-01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs10750-018-3605-0%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221573-5117%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs10750-018-3605-0%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2285DCE2P4%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-26T10%3A16%3A00Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22P6754V9R%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Dean%20and%20Milton%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDean%2C%20W.%20R.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Milton%2C%20S.%20J.%20%282018%29.%20Ants%20%28Formicidae%29%20as%20food%20for%20birds%20in%20southern%20Africa%3A%20opportunism%20or%20survival%3F%20%3Ci%3EOstrich%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E89%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%204.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F00306525.2017.1382017%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F00306525.2017.1382017%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DP6754V9R%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Ants%20%28Formicidae%29%20as%20food%20for%20birds%20in%20southern%20Africa%3A%20opportunism%20or%20survival%3F%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W%20Richard%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dean%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Suzanne%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Milton%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Les%20fourmis%20%28Hymenoptera%3A%20Formicidae%29%20sont%20consomm%5Cu00e9es%20par%20nombreux%20esp%5Cu00e8ces%20d%5Cu2019oiseaux%20en%20Afrique%20australe.%20Notre%20base%20de%20donn%5Cu00e9es%20contenait%20545%20esp%5Cu00e8ces%20%28%5Cu00e0%20l%5Cu2019exeption%20des%20oiseaux%20aquatiques%20et%20des%20rapaces%29%2C%20dont%20179%20esp%5Cu00e8ces%20ont%20%5Cu00e9t%5Cu00e9%20observ%5Cu00e9es%20se%20nourrissant%20des%20fourmis%20ou%20avaient%20des%20fourmis%20dans%20leurs%20estomacs.%20Les%20fourmis%20sont%20consomm%5Cu00e9es%20par%20les%20oiseaux%20dans%20tous%20les%20%5Cu00e9cosyst%5Cu00e8mes%2C%20mais%20cette%20consommation%20est%20disproportionnellement%20%5Cu00e9lev%5Cu00e9e%20chez%20les%20esp%5Cu00e8ces%20se%20trouvant%20dans%20les%20%5Cu00e9cosyst%5Cu00e8mes%20arides.%20Le%20nombre%20d%5Cu2019esp%5Cu00e8ces%20d%5Cu2019oiseaux%20se%20nourrissant%20de%20fourmis%20augmente%20proportionnellement%20au%20nombre%20d%5Cu2019esp%5Cu00e8ces%20d%5Cu2019oiseaux%20dans%20tous%20les%20%5Cu00e9cosyst%5Cu00e8mes%2C%20mais%20augmente%20aussi%2C%20de%20mani%5Cu00e8re%20disproportionn%5Cu00e9e%2C%20avec%20les%20pr%5Cu00e9cipitations%20annuelles%20moyennes%20d%5Cu00e9croissantes.%20Il%20y%20a%20une%20petite%20diff%5Cu00e9rence%2C%20non%20significative%2C%20dans%20la%20proportion%20d%5Cu2019esp%5Cu00e8ces%20d%5Cu2019oiseaux%20se%20nourrissant%20de%20fourmis%20entre%20502%20esp%5Cu00e8ces%20r%5Cu00e9sidentes%2C%20dont%20154%20%2830%2C6%25%29%20consomment%20des%20fourmis%20et%2047%20esp%5Cu00e8ces%20nomades%2C%20dont%2018%20%2838%2C2%25%29%20s%5Cu2019alimentent%20de%20fourmis.%20Le%20comportement%20alimentaire%20et%20le%20substrat%2C%20c%5Cu2019est-%5Cu00e0-dire%20le%20fait%20de%20se%20nourrir%20dans%20l%5Cu2019air%2C%20%5Cu00e0%20partir%20d%5Cu2019un%20perchoir%20ou%20au%20sol%2C%20ont%20influenc%5Cu00e9%2C%20de%20mani%5Cu00e8re%20significative%2C%20la%20probabilit%5Cu00e9%20de%20pr%5Cu00e9sence%20des%20fourmis%20dans%20le%20r%5Cu00e9gime%20alimentaire.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.2989%5C%2F00306525.2017.1382017%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220030%5Cu20136525%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22CM9YQJBN%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-15T08%3A05%3A42Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22EQ8GQVIG%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Dean%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018-12-10%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDean%2C%20W.%20R.%20J.%2C%20Seymour%2C%20C.%20L.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Joseph%2C%20G.%20S.%20%282018%29.%20Linear%20structures%20in%20the%20Karoo%2C%20South%20Africa%2C%20and%20their%20impacts%20on%20biota.%20%3Ci%3EAfrican%20Journal%20of%20Range%20%26amp%3B%20Forage%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E35%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%26%23×2013%3B4%29%2C%20223%26%23×2013%3B232.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F10220119.2018.1514530%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F10220119.2018.1514530%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DEQ8GQVIG%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Linear%20structures%20in%20the%20Karoo%2C%20South%20Africa%2C%20and%20their%20impacts%20on%20biota%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W%20Richard%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dean%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Colleen%20L%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Seymour%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Grant%20S%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Joseph%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Linear%20structures%20include%20fences%2C%20roads%2C%20railways%2C%20canalised%20water%20ways%20and%20power%20lines%2C%20all%20man-made.%20Fencing%20as%20a%20way%20of%20managing%20livestock%20began%20in%20the%20late%201800s%2C%20and%20by%20the%20early%20twentieth%20century%20was%20almost%20fully%20implemented%20throughout%20the%20Karoo%20sensu%20lato.%20The%20advent%20of%20these%20fences%2C%20and%20now%20in%20many%20instances%2C%20%5Cu2018game%20proof%5Cu2019%20%28~2%20m%20high%29%20and%20electric%20fences%20have%20impacted%20native%20flora%20and%20fauna%20in%20various%20ways.%20Roads%20influence%20the%20quality%20and%20quantity%20of%20vegetation%20along%20corridors%20throughout%20the%20Karoo%2C%20with%20impacts%20on%20wildlife%20through%20increased%20mortality%2C%20but%20also%20provide%20foraging%20opportunities.%20Road-side%20structures%2C%20such%20as%20transmission%20poles%2C%20offer%20nest%20sites%20and%20perches%20in%20otherwise%20treeless%20landscapes%2C%20benefiting%20certain%20avifauna.%20Railway%20lines%20create%20similar%20corridors%2C%20carrying%20ungrazed%20vegetation%20along%20them.%20Their%20associated%20structures%20%5Cu2013%20culverts%20and%20%28historically%29%20steel%20frame%20bridges%20%5Cu2013%20provide%20nest%20sites%20for%20birds%20and%20some%20mammals.%20Transmission%20cables%20and%20pylons%20along%20power%20lines%20have%20mixed%20benefits%20to%20conservation%2C%20providing%20bird%20nest%20and%20perch%20sites%2C%20but%20can%20also%20cause%20bird%20mortalities.%20Unquestionably%2C%20these%20linear%20structures%20have%20had%20marked%20effects%20on%20the%20biota%20of%20the%20Karoo%2C%20through%20their%20effects%20on%20wildlife%20and%20livestock%20movement%20and%20mortality%2C%20plant%20demography%20and%20the%20spread%20of%20native%20and%20alien%20species.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018-12-10%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.2989%5C%2F10220119.2018.1514530%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221022-0119%2C%201727-9380%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Ffull%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F10220119.2018.1514530%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22CM9YQJBN%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-15T08%3A05%3A46Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%227RN9M9HL%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Dilmahamod%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDilmahamod%2C%20A.%20F.%2C%20Aguiar%26%23×2010%3BGonz%26%23xE1%3Blez%2C%20B.%2C%20Penven%2C%20P.%2C%20Reason%2C%20C.%20J.%20C.%2C%20De%20Ruijter%2C%20W.%20P.%20M.%2C%20Malan%2C%20N.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Hermes%2C%20J.%20C.%20%282018%29.%20SIDDIES%20Corridor%3A%20A%20Major%20East%26%23×2010%3BWest%20Pathway%20of%20Long%26%23×2010%3BLived%20Surface%20and%20Subsurface%20Eddies%20Crossing%20the%20Subtropical%20South%20Indian%20Ocean.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Oceans%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E123%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%288%29%2C%205406%26%23×2013%3B5425.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2018JC013828%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2018JC013828%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D7RN9M9HL%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22SIDDIES%20Corridor%3A%20A%20Major%20East%5Cu2010West%20Pathway%20of%20Long%5Cu2010Lived%20Surface%20and%20Subsurface%20Eddies%20Crossing%20the%20Subtropical%20South%20Indian%20Ocean%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dilmahamod%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Aguiar%5Cu2010Gonz%5Cu00e1lez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Penven%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20J.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Reason%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%20P.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22De%20Ruijter%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Malan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hermes%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22South%20Indian%20Ocean%20eddies%20%28SIDDIES%29%2C%20originating%20from%20a%20high%20evaporation%20region%20in%20the%20eastern%20Indian%20Ocean%2C%20are%20investigated%20by%20tracking%20individual%20eddies%20from%20satellite%20data%20and%20co-located%20Argo%20%5Cufb02oats.%20A%20subsurface-eddy%20identi%5Cufb01cation%20method%2C%20based%20on%20its%20steric%20dynamic%20height%20anomaly%2C%20is%20devised%20to%20assign%20Argo%20pro%5Cufb01les%20to%20surface%20eddies%20%28surfSIDDIES%29%20or%20subsurface%20eddies%20%28subSIDDIES%29.%20These%20westward-propagating%2C%20longlived%20features%20%28%3E3%20months%29%20prevail%20over%20a%20preferential%20latitudinal%20band%2C%20forming%20a%20permanent%20structure%20linking%20the%20eastern%20to%20the%20western%20Indian%20Ocean%2C%20that%20we%20call%20the%20%5Cu2019SIDDIES%20Corridor%5Cu2019.%20Key%20features%20have%20been%20revealed%20in%20the%20mean%20thermohaline%20vertical%20structure%20of%20these%20eddies.%20Anticyclonic%20SIDDIES%20are%20characterized%20by%20positive%20subsurface%20salinity%20anomalies%2C%20with%20subSIDDIES%20not%20exhibiting%20negative%20surface%20anomalies%2C%20as%20opposed%20to%20surfSIDDIES.%20Cyclonic%20subSIDDIES%20also%20occur%2C%20but%20their%20related%20salinity%20anomalies%20are%20weaker.%20SubSIDDIES%20exhibit%20two%20cores%20of%20different%20temperature%20polarities%20in%20their%20surface%20and%20subsurface%20levels.%20Cyclonic%20subSIDDIES%20have%20their%20cores%20at%20around%20150-200%20m%20depth%20along%20the%2025.4-25.8%20kg%20m23%20potential%20density%20layer%20with%20anticyclonic%20subSIDDIES%20having%20their%20cores%20at%20250-300%20m%20along%20the%2026-26.4%20kg%20m23%20density%20layer.%20The%20SIDDIES%20corridor%20acts%20as%20a%20zonal%20pathway%20for%20both%20eddy-types%20to%20advect%20water%20masses%20and%20biogeochemical%20properties%20across%20the%20basin.%20This%20study%20provides%20a%20new%20insight%20on%20heat%5C%2Fsalt%20%5Cufb02uxes%2C%20showing%20that%2058%25%20%2832%25%29%20of%20the%20total%20heat%20eddy-%5Cufb02ux%20is%20ascribed%20to%20cyclonic%20%28anticyclonic%29%20subSIDDIES%2C%20respectively%2C%20in%20the%20eastern%20South%20Indian%20Ocean.%20Anticyclonic%20subSIDDIES%20have%20also%20been%20found%20to%20be%20the%20sole%20high-saline%20water%20eddy-conveyor%20toward%20the%20western%20Indian%20Ocean.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2208%5C%2F2018%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2018JC013828%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222169-9275%2C%202169-9291%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2018JC013828%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BGDWYJZJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-04-13T19%3A10%3A36Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22HFJTIVK7%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Djukic%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDjukic%2C%20I.%2C%20Kepfer-Rojas%2C%20S.%2C%20Schmidt%2C%20I.%20K.%2C%20Larsen%2C%20K.%20S.%2C%20Beier%2C%20C.%2C%20Berg%2C%20B.%2C%20Verheyen%2C%20K.%2C%20Caliman%2C%20A.%2C%20Paquette%2C%20A.%2C%20Guti%26%23xE9%3Brrez-Gir%26%23xF3%3Bn%2C%20A.%2C%20Humber%2C%20A.%2C%20Valdecantos%2C%20A.%2C%20Petraglia%2C%20A.%2C%20Alexander%2C%20H.%2C%20Augustaitis%2C%20A.%2C%20Saillard%2C%20A.%2C%20Fern%26%23xE1%3Bndez%2C%20A.%20C.%20R.%2C%20Sousa%2C%20A.%20I.%2C%20Lilleb%26%23xF8%3B%2C%20A.%20I.%2C%20%26%23×2026%3B%20T%26%23xF3%3Bth%2C%20Z.%20%282018%29.%20Early%20stage%20litter%20decomposition%20across%20biomes.%20%3Ci%3EScience%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E628%26%23×2013%3B629%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%201369%26%23×2013%3B1394.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.scitotenv.2018.01.012%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.scitotenv.2018.01.012%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DHFJTIVK7%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Early%20stage%20litter%20decomposition%20across%20biomes%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ika%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Djukic%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sebastian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kepfer-Rojas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Inger%20Kappel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schmidt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Klaus%20Steenberg%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Larsen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Claus%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Beier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bj%5Cu00f6rn%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Berg%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kris%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Verheyen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adriano%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Caliman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alain%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Paquette%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alba%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Guti%5Cu00e9rrez-Gir%5Cu00f3n%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alberto%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Humber%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alejandro%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Valdecantos%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alessandro%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Petraglia%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Heather%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Alexander%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Algirdas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Augustaitis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Am%5Cu00e9lie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Saillard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ana%20Carolina%20Ruiz%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fern%5Cu00e1ndez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ana%20I.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sousa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ana%20I.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lilleb%5Cu00f8%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anderson%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22da%20Rocha%20Gripp%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andr%5Cu00e9-Jean%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Francez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrea%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fischer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andreas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bohner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrey%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Malyshev%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrijana%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Andri%5Cu0107%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andy%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Smith%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Angela%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stanisci%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anik%5Cu00f3%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Seres%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anja%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schmidt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anna%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Avila%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anne%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Probst%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Annie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ouin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anzar%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Khuroo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Arne%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Verstraeten%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Arely%20N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Palabral-Aguilera%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Artur%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stefanski%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Aurora%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gaxiola%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bart%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Muys%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bernard%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bosman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bernd%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ahrends%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bill%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Parker%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Birgit%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sattler%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bohdan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jur%5Cu00e1ni%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Brigitta%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Erschbamer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Carmen%20Eugenia%20Rodriguez%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ortiz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Casper%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Christiansen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Carol%20Adair%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C%5Cu00e9line%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Meredieu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cendrine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mony%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Charles%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nock%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chi-Ling%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chiao-Ping%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Baum%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rixen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Delire%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christophe%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Piscart%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christopher%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Andrews%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Corinna%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rebmann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cristina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Branquinho%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dana%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Polyanskaya%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20Fuentes%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Delgado%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dirk%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wundram%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Diyaa%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Radeideh%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eduardo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ord%5Cu00f3%5Cu00f1ez-Regil%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Edward%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Crawford%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elena%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Preda%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elena%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tropina%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elli%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Groner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eric%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lucot%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Erzs%5Cu00e9bet%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hornung%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Esperan%5Cu00e7a%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gacia%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Esther%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22L%5Cu00e9vesque%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Evanilde%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benedito%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Evgeny%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Davydov%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Evy%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ampoorter%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fabio%20Padilha%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bolzan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Felipe%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Varela%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ferdinand%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Krist%5Cu00f6fel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fernando%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maestre%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Florence%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maunoury-Danger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Florian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hofhansl%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Florian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kitz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Flurin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sutter%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Francisco%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cuesta%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Francisco%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22de%20Almeida%20Lobo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Franco%20Leandro%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22de%20Souza%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Frank%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Berninger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Franz%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zehetner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Georg%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wohlfahrt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22George%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vourlitis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Geovana%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Carre%5Cu00f1o-Rocabado%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Arena%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gisele%20Daiane%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pinha%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Grizelle%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gonz%5Cu00e1lez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Guylaine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Canut%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hanna%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lee%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hans%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Verbeeck%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Harald%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Auge%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Harald%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pauli%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hassan%20Bismarck%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nacro%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H%5Cu00e9ctor%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bahamonde%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Heike%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Feldhaar%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Heinke%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22J%5Cu00e4ger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Helena%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Serrano%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H%5Cu00e9l%5Cu00e8ne%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Verheyden%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Helge%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bruelheide%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Henning%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Meesenburg%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hermann%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jungkunst%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Herv%5Cu00e9%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jactel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hideaki%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shibata%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hiroko%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kurokawa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hugo%20L%5Cu00f3pez%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rosas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hugo%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rojas%20Villalobos%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yesilonis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Inara%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Melece%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Inge%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Van%20Halder%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Inmaculada%20Garc%5Cu00eda%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Quir%5Cu00f3s%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Isaac%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Makelele%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Issaka%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Senou%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Istv%5Cu00e1n%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fekete%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ivan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mihal%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ivika%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ostonen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jana%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Borovsk%5Cu00e1%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Javier%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roales%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jawad%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shoqeir%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean-Christophe%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lata%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean-Paul%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Theurillat%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean-Luc%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Probst%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jess%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zimmerman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jeyanny%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vijayanathan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jianwu%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jill%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thompson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ji%5Cu0159%5Cu00ed%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dole%5Cu017eal%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joan-Albert%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sanchez-Cabeza%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jo%5Cu00ebl%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Merlet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joh%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Henschel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Johan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Neirynck%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Johannes%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Knops%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Loehr%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jonathan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22von%20Oppen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J%5Cu00f3n%5Cu00edna%20Sigr%5Cu00ed%5Cu00f0ur%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22%5Cu00deorl%5Cu00e1ksd%5Cu00f3ttir%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J%5Cu00f6rg%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22L%5Cu00f6ffler%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jos%5Cu00e9-Gilberto%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cardoso-Mohedano%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jos%5Cu00e9-Luis%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benito-Alonso%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jose%20Marcelo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Torezan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joseph%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Morina%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Juan%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jim%5Cu00e9nez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Juan%20Dario%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Quinde%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Juha%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Alatalo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Julia%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Seeber%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jutta%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stadler%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kaie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kriiska%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kalifa%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Coulibaly%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Karibu%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fukuzawa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Katalin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Szlavecz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Katar%5Cu00edna%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gerh%5Cu00e1tov%5Cu00e1%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kate%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lajtha%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kathrin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22K%5Cu00e4ppeler%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Katie%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jennings%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Katja%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tielb%5Cu00f6rger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kazuhiko%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hoshizaki%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ken%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Green%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lambi%5Cu00e9nou%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Y%5Cu00e9%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Laryssa%20Helena%20Ribeiro%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pazianoto%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Laura%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dienstbach%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Laura%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Williams%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Laura%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yahdjian%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Laurel%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Brigham%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Liesbeth%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22van%20den%20Brink%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lindsey%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rustad%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lipeng%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zhang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lourdes%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Morillas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lu%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Xiankai%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Luciana%20Silva%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Carneiro%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Luciano%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Di%20Martino%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Luis%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Villar%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Maaike%20Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bader%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Madison%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Morley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marc%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lebouvier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marcello%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tomaselli%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marcelo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sternberg%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marcus%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schaub%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Margarida%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Santos-Reis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Maria%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Glushkova%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mar%5Cu00eda%20Guadalupe%20Almaz%5Cu00e1n%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Torres%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marie-Andr%5Cu00e9e%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Giroux%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marie-Anne%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22de%20Graaff%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marie-No%5Cu00eblle%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pons%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marijn%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bauters%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maz%5Cu00f3n%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mark%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Frenzel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Markus%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Didion%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Markus%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wagner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Maroof%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hamid%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marta%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lopes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martha%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Apple%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sch%5Cu00e4dler%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Weih%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Matteo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gualmini%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Matthew%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vadeboncoeur%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bierbaumer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Danger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Liddell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mirtl%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Scherer-Lorenzen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michal%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22R%5Cu016f%5Cu017eek%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michele%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Carbognani%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michele%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Di%20Musciano%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michinari%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Matsushita%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Miglena%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zhiyanski%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mihai%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pu%5Cu0219ca%5Cu0219%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Milan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Barna%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mioko%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ataka%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jiangming%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mohammed%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Alsafran%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Monique%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Carnol%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nadia%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Barsoum%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Naoko%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tokuchi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nico%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Eisenhauer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicolas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lecomte%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Filippova%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Norbert%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22H%5Cu00f6lzel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Olga%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ferlian%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Oscar%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Romero%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Osvaldo%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pinto%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pablo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Peri%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paige%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Weber%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pascal%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vittoz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pavel%20Dan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Turtureanu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fleischer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Macreadie%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Haase%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Reich%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Petr%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pet%5Cu0159%5Cu00edk%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Philippe%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Choler%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pierre%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Marmonier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Priscilla%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Muriel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Quentin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ponette%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rafael%20Dettogni%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Guariento%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rafaella%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Canessa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ralf%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kiese%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rebecca%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hewitt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Regin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22R%5Cu00f8nn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rita%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Adrian%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R%5Cu00f3bert%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kanka%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Robert%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Weigel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Roberto%20Cazzolla%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gatti%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rodrigo%20Lemes%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Martins%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Romain%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Georges%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rosa%20Isela%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Meneses%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rosario%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gavil%5Cu00e1n%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sabyasachi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dasgupta%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sally%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wittlinger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sara%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Puijalon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sarah%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Freda%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Satoshi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Suzuki%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sean%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Charles%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S%5Cu00e9bastien%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gogo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Simon%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Drollinger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Simone%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mereu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sonja%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wipf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stacey%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Trevathan-Tackett%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stefan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22L%5Cu00f6fgren%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stefan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stoll%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stefan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Trogisch%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stefanie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hoeber%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Steffen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Seitz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stephan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Glatzel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sue%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Milton%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sylvie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dousset%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Taiki%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mori%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Takanori%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sato%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Takeshi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ise%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Takuo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hishi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tanaka%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kenta%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tatsuro%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nakaji%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thaisa%20Sala%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Michelan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thierry%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Camboulive%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thomas%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mozdzer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thomas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Scholten%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thomas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Spiegelberger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thomas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zechmeister%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Till%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kleinebecker%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tsutom%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hiura%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tsutomu%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Enoki%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tudor-Mihai%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ursu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Umberto%20Morra%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22di%20Cella%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ute%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hamer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Valentin%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Klaus%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Vanessa%20Mendes%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22R%5Cu00eago%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Valter%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Di%20Cecco%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Verena%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Busch%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Veronika%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fontana%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Veronika%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Piscov%5Cu00e1%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Victoria%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Carbonell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Victoria%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ochoa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Vincent%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bretagnolle%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Vincent%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maire%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Vinicius%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Farjalla%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wenjun%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zhou%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wentao%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Luo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McDowell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yalin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yasuhiro%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Utsumi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yuji%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kominami%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yulia%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zaika%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yury%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rozhkov%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Zsolt%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kotrocz%5Cu00f3%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Zsolt%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22T%5Cu00f3th%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2207%5C%2F2018%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.scitotenv.2018.01.012%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2200489697%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%5C%2Fretrieve%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0048969718300123%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22CM9YQJBN%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-15T08%3A05%3A45Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22R4P7VQSN%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Dlamini%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDlamini%2C%20T.%20B.%20%282018%29.%20%3Ci%3EDifferential%20herbivore%20occupancy%20of%20fire-manipulated%20savannas%20in%20the%20Satara%20region%20of%20the%20Kruger%20National%20Park%2C%20South%20Africa.%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%5BMTech%20thesis%5D.%20Tshwane%20University%20of%20Technology.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DR4P7VQSN%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22thesis%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Differential%20herbivore%20occupancy%20of%20fire-manipulated%20savannas%20in%20the%20Satara%20region%20of%20the%20Kruger%20National%20Park%2C%20South%20Africa.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thobile%20B%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dlamini%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Understanding%20fire-herbivory%20interactions%20and%20the%20effect%20of%20rainfall%20and%20distance%20to%20water%20in%20grazed%20habitats%20forms%20a%20baseline%20in%20the%20management%20of%20animal%20species%20and%20ecosystems%20in%20general.%20The%20Kruger%20National%20Park%5Cu2019s%20long-running%20Experimental%20Burn%20Plots%20%28EBPs%29%20has%20supported%20innumerable%20research%20projects%20which%20has%20advanced%20a%20global%20understanding%20of%20the%20impact%20of%20fire%20and%20herbivory%20in%20savanna%20ecosystems.%20Using%20data%20from%20SANParks%5Cu2019%20aerial%20censuses%2C%20dung%2C%20and%20drive%20strip%20counts%20collected%20during%202005-2017%2C%20this%20study%20assessed%3A%20%5B1%5D%20herbivore%20densities%20on%20the%20EBPs%20of%20KNP%20%28collectively%20the%20Satara%2C%20N%5Cu2019Wanetsi%20and%20Marheya%20strings%29%20in%20response%20to%20burn%20treatments%20%28annual%2C%20triennial%20and%20no-burn%29%20and%20climatic%20events%20%28pre-%2C%20during%20and%20post%20drought%29%20per%20technique.%20%5B2%5D%2C%20herbivore%20occupancy%20of%20these%20EBPs%20relative%20to%20their%20non-manipulated%20surroundings%2C%20%5B3%5D%2C%20the%20extent%20at%20which%20rainfall%20and%20distance%20to%20water%20influences%20densities%20on%20these%20EBPs.%20%5B4%5D%2C%20the%20precision%20of%20aerial%2C%20dung%20and%20drive%20strip%20counts%2C%20utilised%20to%20determine%20herbivore%20densities%20in%20savanna%20ecosystems.%20The%20results%20revealed%20that%20herbivore%20mean%20density%20differed%20significantly%20between%20the%20Satara%20EBPs%20%28P%20%3D%200.001%29%20and%20across%20fire%20treatments%20%28P%20%3D%200.04%29.%20A%20weak%20positive%20correlation%20%28r%20%3D%200.57%29%20was%20revealed%20between%20herbivore%20mean%20density%20and%20distance%20to%20water.%20However%2C%20grazer%20mean%20density%20across%20fire%20treatments%20is%20strongly%20correlated%20with%20rainfall%3A%20annual%20r%20%3D%200.91%2C%20triennial%20r%20%3D%200.84%20and%20unburned%20r%20%3D%200.85.%20There%20were%20significantly%20higher%20herbivore%20densities%20on%20the%20EBPs%20compared%20to%20the%20surrounding%20matrix%20at%20the%20control%20plot%2C%20management%20section%20and%20central%20KNP%20scales%20%28P%3C0.001%29.%20This%20restricted%20the%20value%20of%20the%20findings%20from%20the%20EBPs%20to%20comprehend%20herbivore-fire-vegetation%20dynamics%20at%20larger%2C%20management-relevant%20scales.%20This%20pattern%20was%20not%20prevalent%20during%20the%202015%5C%2F16%20drought.%20An%20increase%20in%20herbivore%20mean%20density%20post%20drought%20compared%20to%20pre-drought%20was%20prevalent.%20Using%20bootstrap%20statistics%20to%20determine%20the%20precision%20of%20each%20technique%2C%20dung%20counts%20revealed%20to%20have%20the%20potential%20of%20acquiring%20precise%20estimates%20with%20CVs%20ranging%20from%20zero%20to%207%25%20and%20a%20lowest%20median%20CV%20of%206.5%25.%20However%2C%20fixed%20wing%20aerial%20counts%20precision%20declined%20with%20a%20decreasing%20scale%3A%20low%20CV%20of%2013%25%20and%20median%20CV%20of%2019%25%20at%20a%20large%20scale%20%28%5Cu00b1494594%20ha%29.%20At%20a%20reduced%20scale%20%28%5Cu00b191404%20ha%29%2C%20CVs%20%5Cu2265%2030%25%20with%20median%20CVs%20%5Cu2265%2019%25%20were%20revealed.%20However%2C%20at%20a%20finer%20scale%20%28%5Cu00b121%20ha%29%20CVs%20%5Cu2265%2060%25%20were%20revealed.%20Precision%20of%20helicopter%20counts%20revealed%20a%20decline%20with%20an%20increasing%20scale%2C%20obtaining%20CVs%20%5Cu2265%2015%25%20at%20a%20large%20scale%20%28%5Cu00b1494594%20ha%29%20from%20bootstrap%20statistics.%20Drive%20strip%20counts%20revealed%20CVs%20%5Cu226520%25%20at%20all%20scales%2C%20though%2C%20both%20dung%20and%20drive%20strip%20counts%20precision%20showed%20a%20decrease%20with%20an%20increasing%20scale.%22%2C%22thesisType%22%3A%22MTech%20thesis%22%2C%22university%22%3A%22Tshwane%20University%20of%20Technology%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%228VPML3VD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-06-24T09%3A53%3A40Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22MDYXA6D2%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Dornelas%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018-07%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDornelas%2C%20M.%2C%20Ant%26%23xE3%3Bo%2C%20L.%20H.%2C%20Moyes%2C%20F.%2C%20Bates%2C%20A.%20E.%2C%20Magurran%2C%20A.%20E.%2C%20Adam%2C%20D.%2C%20Akhmetzhanova%2C%20A.%20A.%2C%20Appeltans%2C%20W.%2C%20Arcos%2C%20J.%20M.%2C%20Arnold%2C%20H.%2C%20Ayyappan%2C%20N.%2C%20Badihi%2C%20G.%2C%20Baird%2C%20A.%20H.%2C%20Barbosa%2C%20M.%2C%20Barreto%2C%20T.%20E.%2C%20B%26%23xE4%3Bssler%2C%20C.%2C%20Bellgrove%2C%20A.%2C%20Belmaker%2C%20J.%2C%20Benedetti-Cecchi%2C%20L.%2C%20%26%23×2026%3B%20Hickler%2C%20T.%20%282018%29.%20BioTIME%3A%20A%20database%20of%20biodiversity%20time%20series%20for%20the%20Anthropocene.%20%3Ci%3EGlob.%20Ecol.%20Biogeogr.%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E27%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%287%29%2C%20760%26%23×2013%3B786.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fgeb.12729%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fgeb.12729%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DMDYXA6D2%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22BioTIME%3A%20A%20database%20of%20biodiversity%20time%20series%20for%20the%20Anthropocene%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Maria%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dornelas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Laura%20H%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ant%5Cu00e3o%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Faye%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moyes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Amanda%20E%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bates%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anne%20E%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Magurran%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Du%5Cu0161an%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Adam%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Asem%20A%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Akhmetzhanova%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ward%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Appeltans%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jos%5Cu00e9%20Manuel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Arcos%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Haley%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Arnold%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Narayanan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ayyappan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gal%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Badihi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%20H%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Baird%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Miguel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Barbosa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tiago%20Egydio%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Barreto%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Claus%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22B%5Cu00e4ssler%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alecia%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bellgrove%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jonathan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Belmaker%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lisandro%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benedetti-Cecchi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Brian%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bett%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anne%20D%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bjorkman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Magdalena%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22B%5Cu0142a%5Cu017cewicz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Shane%20A%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Blowes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christopher%20P%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bloch%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Timothy%20C%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bonebrake%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Susan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Boyd%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Matt%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bradford%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Brooks%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22James%20H%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Brown%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Helge%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bruelheide%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Phaedra%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Budy%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fernando%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Carvalho%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Edward%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Casta%5Cu00f1eda-Moya%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chaolun%20Allen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%20F%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chamblee%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tory%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chase%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Laura%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Siegwart%20Collier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sharon%20K%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Collinge%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Richard%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Condit%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elisabeth%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cooper%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J%20Hans%20C%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cornelissen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Unai%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cotano%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Shannan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kyle%20Crow%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gabriella%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Damasceno%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Claire%20H%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Davies%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Robert%20A%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Davis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Frank%20P%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Day%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Steven%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Degraer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tim%20S%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Doherty%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Timothy%20E%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dunn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Giselda%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Durigan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J%20Emmett%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Duffy%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dor%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Edelist%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Graham%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Edgar%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Robin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Elahi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sarah%20C%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Elmendorf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anders%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Enemar%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S%20K%20Morgan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ernest%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rub%5Cu00e9n%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Escribano%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marc%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Estiarte%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Brian%20S%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Evans%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tung-Yung%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fabiano%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Turini%20Farah%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Luiz%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Loureiro%20Fernandes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22F%5Cu00e1bio%20Z%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Farneda%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alessandra%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fidelis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Robert%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fitt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anna%20Maria%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fosaa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Geraldo%20Antonio%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Daher%20Correa%20Franco%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Grace%20E%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Frank%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%20R%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fraser%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hernando%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Garc%5Cu00eda%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Roberto%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cazzolla%20Gatti%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Or%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Givan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elizabeth%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gorgone-Barbosa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%20A%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gould%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Corinna%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gries%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gary%20D%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Grossman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Julio%20R%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gutierr%5Cu00e9z%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stephen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hale%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mark%20E%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Harmon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Harte%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gary%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Haskins%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Donald%20L%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Henshaw%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Luise%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hermanutz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pamela%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hidalgo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pedro%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Higuchi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hoey%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gert%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Van%20Hoey%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Annika%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hofgaard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kristen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Holeck%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Robert%20D%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hollister%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Richard%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Holmes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mia%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hoogenboom%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chih-Hao%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hsieh%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stephen%20P%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hubbell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Falk%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Huettmann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christine%20L%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Huffard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Allen%20H%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hurlbert%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nat%5Cu00e1lia%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Macedo%20Ivanauskas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jan%5Cu00edk%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ute%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jandt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anna%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ja%5Cu017cd%5Cu017cewska%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tore%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Johannessen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jill%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Johnstone%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Julia%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jones%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Faith%20A%20M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jones%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jungwon%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tasrif%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kartawijaya%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Erin%20C%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Keeley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Douglas%20A%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kelt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rebecca%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kinnear%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kari%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Klanderud%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Halvor%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Knutsen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christopher%20C%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Koenig%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alessandra%20R%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kortz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kamil%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kr%5Cu00e1l%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Linda%20A%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kuhnz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chao-Yang%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kuo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kushner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Claire%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Laguionie-Marchais%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lesley%20T%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lancaster%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cheol%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Min%20Lee%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jonathan%20S%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lefcheck%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Esther%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22L%5Cu00e9vesque%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lightfoot%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Francisco%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lloret%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%20D%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lloyd%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adri%5Cu00e0%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22L%5Cu00f3pez-Baucells%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Maite%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Louzao%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joshua%20S%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Madin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Borg%5Cu00fe%5Cu00f3r%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Magn%5Cu00fasson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Shahar%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Malamud%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Iain%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Matthews%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kent%20P%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McFarland%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Brian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McGill%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Diane%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McKnight%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%20O%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McLarney%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jason%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Meador%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%20L%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Meserve%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Daniel%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Metcalfe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christoph%20F%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Meyer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anders%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Michelsen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nataliya%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Milchakova%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tom%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moens%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Even%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moland%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jon%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moore%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Carolina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mathias%20Moreira%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J%5Cu00f6rg%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22M%5Cu00fcller%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Grace%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Murphy%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Isla%20H%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Myers-Smith%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Randall%20W%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Myster%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Naumov%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Francis%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Neat%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22James%20A%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nelson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Paul%20Nelson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stephen%20F%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Newton%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Natalia%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Norden%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jeffrey%20C%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Oliver%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Esben%20M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Olsen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Vladimir%20G%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Onipchenko%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Krzysztof%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pabis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Robert%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pabst%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alain%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Paquette%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sinta%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pardede%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Paterson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rapha%5Cu00ebl%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22P%5Cu00e9lissier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Josep%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pe%5Cu00f1uelas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alejandro%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22P%5Cu00e9rez-Matus%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Oscar%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pizarro%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Francesco%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pomati%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eric%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Post%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Herbert%20H%20T%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Prins%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%20C%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Priscu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pieter%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Provoost%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kathleen%20L%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Prudic%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Erkki%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pulliainen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B%20R%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ramesh%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Olivia%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mendivil%20Ramos%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rassweiler%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jose%20Eduardo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rebelo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Daniel%20C%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Reed%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%20B%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Reich%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Suzanne%20M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Remillard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anthony%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Richardson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J%20Paul%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Richardson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Itai%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22van%20Rijn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ricardo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rocha%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Victor%20H%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rivera-Monroy%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rixen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kevin%20P%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Robinson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ricardo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ribeiro%20Rodrigues%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Denise%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22de%20Cerqueira%20Rossa-Feres%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lars%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rudstam%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Henry%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ruhl%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Catalina%20S%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ruz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Erica%20M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sampaio%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nancy%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rybicki%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rypel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sofia%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sal%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Beatriz%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Salgado%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Flavio%20A%20M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Santos%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ana%20Paula%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Savassi-Coutinho%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sara%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Scanga%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jochen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schmidt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Robert%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schooley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fakhrizal%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Setiawan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kwang-Tsao%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shao%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gaius%20R%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shaver%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sally%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sherman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thomas%20W%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sherry%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jacek%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sici%5Cu0144ski%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Caya%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sievers%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ana%20Carolina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22da%20Silva%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fernando%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rodrigues%20da%20Silva%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fabio%20L%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Silveira%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jasper%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Slingsby%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tracey%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Smart%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sara%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Snell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nadejda%20A%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Soudzilovskaia%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gabriel%20B%20G%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Souza%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Flaviana%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maluf%20Souza%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Vin%5Cu00edcius%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Castro%20Souza%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christopher%20D%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stallings%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rowan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stanforth%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Emily%20H%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stanley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jos%5Cu00e9%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mauro%20Sterza%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Maarten%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stevens%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rick%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stuart-Smith%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yzel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rondon%20Suarez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sarah%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Supp%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jorge%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yoshio%20Tamashiro%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sukmaraharja%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tarigan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gary%20P%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thiede%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Simon%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thorn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anne%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tolvanen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Maria%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Teresa%20Zugliani%20Toniato%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%5Cu00d8rjan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Totland%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Robert%20R%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Twilley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gediminas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vaitkus%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nelson%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Valdivia%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martha%20Isabel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vallejo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thomas%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Valone%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Carl%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Van%20Colen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vanaverbeke%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fabio%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Venturoli%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hans%20M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Verheye%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marcelo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vianna%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rui%20P%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vieira%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tom%5Cu00e1%5Cu0161%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vr%5Cu0161ka%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Con%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Quang%20Vu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lien%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Van%20Vu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Robert%20B%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Waide%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Conor%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Waldock%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dave%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Watts%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sara%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Webb%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tomasz%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Weso%5Cu0142owski%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ethan%20P%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22White%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Claire%20E%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Widdicombe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dustin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wilgers%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Richard%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Williams%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stefan%20B%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Williams%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mark%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Williamson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%20R%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Willig%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Trevor%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Willis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sonja%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wipf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kerry%20D%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Woods%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eric%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Woehler%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kyle%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zawada%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%20L%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zettler%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thomas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hickler%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Motivation%3A%20The%20BioTIME%20database%20contains%20raw%20data%20on%20species%20identities%5Cnand%20abundances%20in%20ecological%20assemblages%20through%20time.%20These%20data%20enable%5Cnusers%20to%20calculate%20temporal%20trends%20in%20biodiversity%20within%20and%20amongst%5Cnassemblages%20using%20a%20broad%20range%20of%20metrics.%20BioTIME%20is%20being%20developed%20as%5Cna%20community-led%20open-source%20database%20of%20biodiversity%20time%20series.%20Our%20goal%5Cnis%20to%20accelerate%20and%20facilitate%20quantitative%20analysis%20of%20temporal%20patterns%5Cnof%20biodiversity%20in%20the%20Anthropocene.%20Main%20types%20of%20variables%20included%3A%20The%5Cndatabase%20contains%208%2C777%2C413%20species%20abundance%20records%2C%20from%20assemblages%5Cnconsistently%20sampled%20for%20a%20minimum%20of%202%20years%2C%20which%20need%20not%20necessarily%5Cnbe%20consecutive.%20In%20addition%2C%20the%20database%20contains%20metadata%20relating%20to%5Cnsampling%20methodology%20and%20contextual%20information%20about%20each%20record.%20Spatial%5Cnlocation%20and%20grain%3A%20BioTIME%20is%20a%20global%20database%20of%20547%2C161%20unique%5Cnsampling%20locations%20spanning%20the%20marine%2C%20freshwater%20and%20terrestrial%20realms.%5CnGrain%20size%20varies%20across%20datasets%20from%200.0000000158%20km2%20%28158%20cm2%29%20to%20100%5Cnkm2%20%281%2C000%2C000%2C000%2C000%20cm2%29.%20Time%20period%20and%20grain%3A%20BioTIME%20records%20span%5Cnfrom%201874%20to%202016.%20The%20minimal%20temporal%20grain%20across%20all%20datasets%20in%5CnBioTIME%20is%20a%20year.%20Major%20taxa%20and%20level%20of%20measurement%3A%20BioTIME%20includes%5Cndata%20from%2044%2C440%20species%20across%20the%20plant%20and%20animal%20kingdoms%2C%20ranging%5Cnfrom%20plants%2C%20plankton%20and%20terrestrial%20invertebrates%20to%20small%20and%20large%5Cnvertebrates.%20Software%20format%3A%20.csv%20and%20.SQL.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22July%202018%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fgeb.12729%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221466-822X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fgeb.12729%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22UUZBHCVC%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-10-22T11%3A16%3A30Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%224UT6X3N3%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Dorrington%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018-03-27%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDorrington%2C%20R.%20A.%2C%20Lombard%2C%20A.%20T.%2C%20Bornman%2C%20T.%20G.%2C%20Adams%2C%20J.%20B.%2C%20Cawthra%2C%20H.%20C.%2C%20Deyzel%2C%20S.%20H.%20P.%2C%20Goschen%2C%20W.%20S.%2C%20Liu%2C%20K.%2C%20Mahler-Coetzee%2C%20J.%2C%20Matcher%2C%20G.%20F.%2C%20McQuaid%2C%20C.%2C%20Parker-Nance%2C%20S.%2C%20Paterson%2C%20A.%2C%20Perissinotto%2C%20R.%2C%20Porri%2C%20F.%2C%20Roberts%2C%20M.%2C%20Snow%2C%20B.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Vrancken%2C%20P.%20%282018%29.%20Working%20together%20for%20our%20oceans%3A%20A%20marine%20spatial%20plan%20for%20Algoa%20Bay%2C%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3ESouth%20African%20Journal%20of%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E114%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%5C%2F4%29%2C%206%26%23×2013%3B6.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.17159%5C%2Fsajs.2018%5C%2Fa0247%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.17159%5C%2Fsajs.2018%5C%2Fa0247%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D4UT6X3N3%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Working%20together%20for%20our%20oceans%3A%20A%20marine%20spatial%20plan%20for%20Algoa%20Bay%2C%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rosemary%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dorrington%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Amanda%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lombard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thomas%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bornman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Janine%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Adams%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hayley%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cawthra%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Shaun%20H.%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deyzel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wayne%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Goschen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kenneth%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Liu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jacques%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mahler-Coetzee%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gwynneth%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Matcher%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christopher%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McQuaid%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Shirley%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Parker-Nance%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Angus%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Paterson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Renzo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Perissinotto%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Francesca%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Porri%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roberts%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bernadette%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Snow%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Patrick%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vrancken%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018-03-27%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.17159%5C%2Fsajs.2018%5C%2Fa0247%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221996-7489%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fsajs.co.za%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fview%5C%2F4824%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2285DCE2P4%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-26T09%3A53%3A20Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%222IN8DQTD%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Douglas%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDouglas%2C%20C.%20M.%20S.%2C%20Cowlishaw%2C%20G.%2C%20Harrison%2C%20X.%20A.%2C%20Henschel%2C%20J.%20R.%2C%20Pettorelli%2C%20N.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Mulligan%2C%20M.%20%282018%29.%20Identifying%20the%20determinants%20of%20tree%20distributions%20along%20a%20large%20ephemeral%20river.%20%3Ci%3EEcosphere%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E9%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%2017.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D2IN8DQTD%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Identifying%20the%20determinants%20of%20tree%20distributions%20along%20a%20large%20ephemeral%20river%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Caitlin%20M%20S%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Douglas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Guy%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cowlishaw%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Xavier%20A%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Harrison%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joh%20R%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Henschel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nathalie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pettorelli%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mark%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mulligan%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Although%20ephemeral%20rivers%20act%20as%20linear%20oases%20and%20play%20a%20fundamental%20role%20in%20sustaining%20regional%20biodiversity%20in%20dryland%20regions%2C%20little%20is%20known%20about%20these%20systems%20or%20their%20sensitivity%20to%20human%20impacts.%20Without%20such%20knowledge%2C%20it%20is%20dif%5Cufb01cult%20to%20manage%20or%20conserve%20them.%20Here%2C%20we%20conduct%20the%20%5Cufb01rst%20systematic%20investigation%20into%20the%20determinants%20of%20riparian%20tree%20distributions%20along%20a%20large%20ephemeral%20river.%20Adopting%20a%20macroecological%20approach%2C%20we%20test%20four%20hypotheses%20relating%20to%20the%20effects%20of%20topography%2C%20river%20%5Cufb02ow%2C%20climate%2C%20and%20land%20tenure%20on%20three%20indices%20of%20tree%20distribution%3A%20species%20richness%2C%20occupancy%2C%20and%20recruitment.%20We%20also%20consider%20the%20effect%20of%20upstream%20damming.%20Our%20study%20site%20is%20the%20Swakop%20River%20in%20Namibia.%20The%20most%20common%20trees%20along%20the%20river%20were%20the%20invasive%20Prosopis%20spp.%2C%20followed%20by%20native%20Faidherbia%20albida%2C%20Vachellia%20erioloba%2C%20Euclea%20pseudebenus%2C%20and%20Vachellia%20tortilis.%20We%20found%20a%20gradient%20in%20tree%20distributions%20along%20the%20river%2C%20with%20a%20drier%20climate%20westward%20associated%20with%20lower%20native%20tree%20species%20richness%20and%20increased%20scarcity%20of%20the%20dominant%20native%20species%20%28F.%20albida%29.%20These%20patterns%20were%20seen%20in%20both%20pre-%20and%20post-dam%20samples.%20We%20also%20found%20F.%20albida%20was%20more%20likely%20to%20recruit%20immediately%20downstream%20of%20tributaries.%20Our%20results%20suggest%20that%20water%20availability%20%28climate%20and%20river%20%5Cufb02ow%29%20is%20a%20more%20important%20determination%20of%20tree%20distribution%20along%20this%20ephemeral%20river%20than%20topography%20or%20land%20tenure%20and%20that%20ephemeral%20rivers%20may%20show%20a%20nodal%20organization.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22CM9YQJBN%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-15T08%3A05%3A46Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22S4EIBQLC%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Douglas%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDouglas%2C%20C.%20M.%20S.%2C%20Cowlishaw%2C%20G.%2C%20Harrison%2C%20X.%20A.%2C%20Henschel%2C%20J.%20R.%2C%20Pettorelli%2C%20N.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Mulligan%2C%20M.%20%282018%29.%20Identifying%20the%20determinants%20of%20tree%20distributions%20along%20a%20large%20ephemeral%20river.%20%3Ci%3EEcosphere%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E9%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%286%29.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fecs2.2223%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fecs2.2223%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DS4EIBQLC%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Identifying%20the%20determinants%20of%20tree%20distributions%20along%20a%20large%20ephemeral%20river%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Caitlin%20M.S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Douglas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Guy%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cowlishaw%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Xavier%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Harrison%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joh%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Henschel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nathalie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pettorelli%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mark%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mulligan%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Although%20ephemeral%20rivers%20act%20as%20linear%20oases%20and%20play%20a%20fundamental%20role%20in%20sustaining%20regional%20biodiversity%20in%20dryland%20regions%2C%20little%20is%20known%20about%20these%20systems%20or%20their%20sensitivity%20to%20human%20impacts.%20Without%20such%20knowledge%2C%20it%20is%20difficult%20to%20manage%20or%20conserve%20them.%20Here%2C%20we%20conduct%20the%20first%20systematic%20investigation%20into%20the%20determinants%20of%20riparian%20tree%20distributions%20along%20a%20large%20ephemeral%20river.%20Adopting%20a%20macroecological%20approach%2C%20we%20test%20four%20hypotheses%20relating%20to%20the%20effects%20of%20topography%2C%20river%20flow%2C%20climate%2C%20and%20land%20tenure%20on%20three%20indices%20of%20tree%20distribution%3A%20species%20richness%2C%20occupancy%2C%20and%20recruitment.%20We%20also%20consider%20the%20effect%20of%20upstream%20damming.%20Our%20study%20site%20is%20the%20Swakop%20River%20in%20Namibia.%20The%20most%20common%20trees%20along%20the%20river%20were%20the%20invasive%20Prosopis%20spp.%2C%20followed%20by%20native%20Faidherbia%20albida%2C%20Vachellia%20erioloba%2C%20Euclea%20pseudebenus%2C%20and%20Vachellia%20tortilis.%20We%20found%20a%20gradient%20in%20tree%20distributions%20along%20the%20river%2C%20with%20a%20drier%20climate%20westward%20associated%20with%20lower%20native%20tree%20species%20richness%20and%20increased%20scarcity%20of%20the%20dominant%20native%20species%20%28F.%20albida%29.%20These%20patterns%20were%20seen%20in%20both%20pre-%20and%20post-dam%20samples.%20We%20also%20found%20F.%20albida%20was%20more%20likely%20to%20recruit%20immediately%20downstream%20of%20tributaries.%20Our%20results%20suggest%20that%20water%20availability%20%28climate%20and%20river%20flow%29%20is%20a%20more%20important%20determination%20of%20tree%20distribution%20along%20this%20ephemeral%20river%20than%20topography%20or%20land%20tenure%20and%20that%20ephemeral%20rivers%20may%20show%20a%20nodal%20organization.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2Fecs2.2223%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2221508925%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A04%3A26Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22DCV85NAP%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22du%20Plessis%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018-05-04%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3Edu%20Plessis%2C%20N.%2C%20Hermes%2C%20J.%2C%20Bohler-Muller%2C%20N.%2C%20Du%20Toit%2C%20T.%2C%20Hachigonta%2C%20S.%2C%20Maanda%2C%20F.%2C%20Modiba%2C%20S.%2C%20Motepe%2C%20M.%2C%20Mphogo%2C%20K.%2C%20Papo%2C%20T.%20R.%2C%20Penney%2C%20J.%2C%20Rees%2C%20G.%2C%20Siko%2C%20G.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Masoka%2C%20C.%20%282018%29.%20The%20proposed%20institutional%20reform%20of%20the%20Indian%20Ocean%20Rim%20Academic%20Group.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20the%20Indian%20Ocean%20Region%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E14%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20230%26%23×2013%3B236.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F19480881.2018.1476119%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F19480881.2018.1476119%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DDCV85NAP%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20proposed%20institutional%20reform%20of%20the%20Indian%20Ocean%20Rim%20Academic%20Group%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicole%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22du%20Plessis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Juliet%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hermes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Narnia%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bohler-Muller%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tienie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Du%20Toit%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sepo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hachigonta%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fhumulani%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maanda%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Selby%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Modiba%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mmasetshaba%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Motepe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Karabo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mphogo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tshidi%20Rahab%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Papo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joanna%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Penney%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gareth%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rees%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gilbert%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Siko%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cecil%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Masoka%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018-05-04%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1080%5C%2F19480881.2018.1476119%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221948-0881%2C%201948-108X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Ffull%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F19480881.2018.1476119%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BGDWYJZJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-04-13T19%3A14%3A25Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22P5GSSIR6%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22du%20Toit%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018-12-10%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3Edu%20Toit%2C%20J.%20C.%2C%20Ramaswiela%2C%20T.%2C%20Pauw%2C%20M.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20O%26%23×2019%3BConnor%2C%20T.%20G.%20%282018%29.%20Interactions%20of%20grazing%20and%20rainfall%20on%20vegetation%20at%20Grootfontein%20in%20the%20eastern%20Karoo.%20%3Ci%3EAfrican%20Journal%20of%20Range%20%26amp%3B%20Forage%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E35%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%26%23×2013%3B4%29%2C%20267%26%23×2013%3B276.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F10220119.2018.1508072%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F10220119.2018.1508072%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DP5GSSIR6%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Interactions%20of%20grazing%20and%20rainfall%20on%20vegetation%20at%20Grootfontein%20in%20the%20eastern%20Karoo%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Justin%20CO%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22du%20Toit%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tshililo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ramaswiela%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marco%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pauw%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tim%20G%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22O%5Cu2019Connor%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Rainfall%20and%20grazing%20are%20primary%20drivers%20of%20vegetation%20composition%20in%20the%20Nama-Karoo.%20Increased%20rainfall%20increases%20grassiness%2C%20to%20where%20Nama-Karoo%20transitions%20to%20grassland.%20Severe%20grazing%20treatments%20%28e.g.%20continuous%20or%20summeronly%29%20increase%20abundance%20of%20grazing-tolerant%20dwarf%20shrubs%20and%20annual%20grasses%2C%20and%20decrease%20perennial%20grasses.%20Grootfontein%2C%20which%20is%20ecotonal%20between%20the%20Nama-Karoo%20and%20Grassland%20Biomes%2C%20houses%20long-term%20grazing%20trials.%20The%20area%20has%20experienced%20higher-than-average%20rainfall%20in%20recent%20decades.%20Plant%20basal%20cover%20data%20from%20the%201960s%20and%202010s%20allow%20several%20hypotheses%20to%20be%20addressed%3A%20%281%29%20historical%20severe%20grazing%20%28until%201985%29%20will%20limit%20subsequent%20grassiness%20%28grazing%20legacy%20effect%29%3B%20%282%29%20severe%20grazing%20will%20preclude%20increases%20in%20grassiness%2C%20independent%20of%20rainfall%20%28herbivore%20trap%20effect%29%3B%20and%20%283%29%20historically%20leniently-grazed%20sites%20will%20transition%20to%20grassland%20with%20increased%20rainfall%20%28biome%20shift%20effect%29.%20Rainfall%20was%20lower%20from%201957%5Cu20131966%20%28350%20mm%29%20than%20from%202003%5Cu20132012%20%28490%20mm%29.%20The%20grazing%20legacy%20effect%20was%20supported%20based%20on%20the%20abundance%20of%20Aristida%20diffusa%2C%20despite%20all%20sites%20becoming%20much%20grassier.%20The%20herbivore%20trap%20effect%20was%20not%20supported.%20The%20biome%20shift%20effect%20was%20supported%20in%20that%20shifts%20to%20grassland%20sometimes%20occurred.%20Results%20suggest%20that%20increasing%20rainfall%20has%20prompted%20a%20shift%20to%20much%20increased%20grassiness%20and%20decreased%20abundance%20of%20dwarf%20shrubs%2C%20and%20that%20grazing%20had%20a%20smaller%20secondary%20effect.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018-12-10%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.2989%5C%2F10220119.2018.1508072%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221022-0119%2C%201727-9380%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Ffull%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F10220119.2018.1508072%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22CM9YQJBN%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-15T08%3A05%3A46Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22RFK9NZHT%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ferreira%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFerreira%2C%20S.%20M.%2C%20Greaver%2C%20C.%2C%20Nhleko%2C%20Z.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Simms%2C%20C.%20%282018%29.%20%3Ci%3ERealization%20of%20poaching%20effects%20on%20rhinoceroses%20in%20Kruger%20National%20Park%2C%20South%20Africa%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DRFK9NZHT%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22document%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Realization%20of%20poaching%20effects%20on%20rhinoceroses%20in%20Kruger%20National%20Park%2C%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ferreira%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Greaver%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Z.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nhleko%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Simms%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A14%3A42Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22HTI4VJ7N%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ficetola%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFicetola%2C%20G.%20F.%2C%20Romano%2C%20A.%2C%20Salvidio%2C%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Sindaco%2C%20R.%20%282018%29.%20Optimizing%20monitoring%20schemes%20to%20detect%20trends%20in%20abundance%20over%20broad%20scales.%20%3Ci%3EAnimal%20Conservation%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E21%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%20221%26%23×2013%3B231.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Facv.12356%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Facv.12356%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DHTI4VJ7N%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Optimizing%20monitoring%20schemes%20to%20detect%20trends%20in%20abundance%20over%20broad%20scales%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ficetola%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Romano%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Salvidio%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sindaco%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Measuring%20population%20changes%20and%20trends%20is%20essential%20to%20identify%20threatened%20species%2C%20and%20is%20requested%20by%20several%20environmental%20regulations%20%28e.g.%20European%20Habitat%20Directive%29.%20However%2C%20obtaining%20this%20information%20for%20small%20and%20cryptic%20animals%20is%20challenging%2C%20and%20requires%20complex%2C%20broad-scale%20monitoring%20schemes.%20How%20should%20we%20allocate%20the%20limited%20resources%20available%20for%20monitoring%2C%20to%20maximize%20the%20probability%20of%20detecting%20declines%3F%20The%20analysis%20of%20simulated%20data%20can%20help%20to%20identify%20the%20performance%20of%20monitoring%20scenarios%20across%20species%20with%20different%20features.%20We%20simulated%20data%20of%20populations%20with%20a%20wide%20range%20of%20abundance%2C%20detection%20probability%20and%20rate%20of%20decline%2C%20and%20tested%20under%20which%20circumstances%20open-population%20N-mixture%20models%20can%20successfully%20detect%20the%20decline%20of%20populations.%20We%20tested%20multiple%20monitoring%20strategies%2C%20to%20identify%20the%20ones%20having%20the%20highest%20probability%20of%20detecting%20declines.%20If%2030%20sites%20are%20surveyed%2C%20strong%20declines%20%28%5Cu226530%25%29%20can%20be%20successfully%20spotted%20for%20nearly%20all%20the%20simulated%20species%2C%20except%20the%20species%20with%20lowest%20abundance%20and%20detection%20probability.%20Weaker%20declines%20are%20successfully%20identified%20only%20in%20species%20that%20are%20easy%20to%20detect%20and%20have%20high%20abundance.%20Increasing%20the%20number%20of%20sites%20quickly%20increases%20model%20power%2C%20but%20hundreds%20of%20sites%20would%20require%20monitoring%20to%20measure%20trends%20of%20the%20least%20detectable%20species.%20For%20most%20of%20species%2C%20performance%20of%20monitoring%20was%20improved%20by%3A%20surveying%20many%20sites%20with%20a%20few%20replicates%20per%20site%3B%20surveying%20many%20small%20sites%20instead%20of%20a%20few%20large%20sites%3B%20combining%20data%20from%20sites%20monitored%20for%20multiple%20species.%20Our%20findings%20show%20that%20one%20single%20monitoring%20approach%20cannot%20be%20appropriate%20for%20all%20the%20species%2C%20and%20that%20surveying%20efforts%20should%20be%20modulated%20across%20them%2C%20according%20to%20their%20detection%20probabilities%20and%20abundances.%20We%20provide%20quantitative%20values%20on%20how%20the%20number%20of%20surveys%20and%20the%20number%20of%20sites%20to%20be%20surveyed%20can%20be%20assigned%20to%20different%20species%2C%20and%20emphasize%20the%20need%20of%20planning%20to%20maximize%20the%20performance%20of%20monitoring.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Facv.12356%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2214691795%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A51%3A14Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22KRTUEBT2%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Goets%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018-08-21%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGoets%2C%20S.%20A.%2C%20Kraaij%2C%20T.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Little%2C%20K.%20M.%20%282018%29.%20Seed%20bank%20and%20growth%20comparisons%20of%20native%20%28%20%3Ci%3EVirgilia%20divaricata%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%29%20and%20invasive%20alien%20%28%20%3Ci%3EAcacia%20mearnsii%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20and%20%3Ci%3EA.%20melanoxylon%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%29%20plants%3A%20implications%20for%20conservation.%20%3Ci%3EPeerJ%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E6%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%2021.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.7717%5C%2Fpeerj.5466%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.7717%5C%2Fpeerj.5466%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DKRTUEBT2%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Seed%20bank%20and%20growth%20comparisons%20of%20native%20%28%20%3Ci%3EVirgilia%20divaricata%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%29%20and%20invasive%20alien%20%28%20%3Ci%3EAcacia%20mearnsii%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20and%20%3Ci%3EA.%20melanoxylon%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%29%20plants%3A%20implications%20for%20conservation%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stefan%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Goets%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tineke%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kraaij%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Keith%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Little%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Background.%20Invasive%20alien%20plants%20with%20long-lived%20dormant%20seed%20banks%20and%20fast%20growth%20rates%20are%20difficult%20to%20manage.%20Acacia%20mearnsii%20and%20Acacia%20melanoxylon%20are%20two%20such%20invaders%20in%20the%20southern%20Cape%20of%20South%20Africa%20which%20occasionally%20co-occur%20with%20a%20native%2C%20ecologically%20analogous%20species%2C%20Virgilia%20divaricata.%20We%20compared%20the%20performance%20of%20these%20three%20species%20to%20determine%20potential%20for%20the%20native%20species%20to%20be%20used%20in%20management%20of%20the%20invasives.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018-08-21%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.7717%5C%2Fpeerj.5466%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222167-8359%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fpeerj.com%5C%2Farticles%5C%2F5466%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22CM9YQJBN%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-15T08%3A05%3A48Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22GJ4KKJKR%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A7371588%2C%22username%22%3A%22Rion_Lerm%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Rion%20Lerm%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Frion_lerm%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Gokool%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018-05%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGokool%2C%20S.%2C%20Riddell%2C%20E.%20S.%2C%20Swemmer%2C%20A.%2C%20Nippert%2C%20J.%20B.%2C%20Raubenheimer%2C%20R.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Chetty%2C%20K.%20T.%20%282018%29.%20Estimating%20groundwater%20contribution%20to%20transpiration%20using%20satellite-derived%20evapotranspiration%20estimates%20coupled%20with%20stable%20isotope%20analysis.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Arid%20Environments%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E152%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%2045%26%23×2013%3B54.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2Fhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jaridenv.2018.02.002%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2Fhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jaridenv.2018.02.002%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DGJ4KKJKR%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Estimating%20groundwater%20contribution%20to%20transpiration%20using%20satellite-derived%20evapotranspiration%20estimates%20coupled%20with%20stable%20isotope%20analysis%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gokool%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Riddell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Swemmer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nippert%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Raubenheimer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chetty%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20relative%20importance%20of%20groundwater%20%28GW%29%20to%20sustain%20terrestrial%20vegetation%20has%20been%20well%20documented.%20However%2C%20quantifying%20GW%20use%20by%20riparian%20vegetation%20in%20data%20scarce%20regions%20may%20prove%20to%20be%20challenging.%20For%20this%20purpose%2C%20we%20coupled%20evapotranspiration%20%28ET%29%20estimates%20from%20the%20satellite-based%20surface%20energy%20balance%20system%20%28SEBS%29%20model%20with%20stable%20isotope%20analysis%2C%20to%20map%20and%20quantify%20the%20contribution%20of%20GW%20to%20transpiration%20%28ETg%29%2C%20along%20the%20lower%20reaches%20of%20a%20perennial%20river%20system%2C%20in%20the%20semi-arid%20north-eastern%20region%20of%20South%20Africa.%20Plant%20stem%2C%20soil%2C%20stream%20and%20GW%20samples%20were%20collected%20on%203%20sampling%20occasions%20during%20the%202016%20dry%20season.%20%5Cu03b42H%20and%20%5Cu03b418O%20values%20of%20the%20respective%20samples%20were%20measured%20and%20analysed.%20We%20found%20that%20while%20GW%20use%20was%20prevalent%20and%20increased%20with%20aridity%2C%20overall%20ETg%20was%20fairly%20minimal.%20During%20the%20initial%20stages%20of%20the%20dry%20season%20ETg%20for%20the%20study%20area%20was%20extremely%20low%2C%20approximately%200.10%25%20of%20daily%20ET%20or%200.01%5Cu202fmm%5Cu202fd%5Cu22121.%20However%2C%20as%20aridity%20increased%2C%20ETg%20increased%20to%20approximately%2010%25%20of%20daily%20ET%20or%200.30%5Cu202fmm%5Cu202fd%5Cu22121.%20The%20results%20of%20these%20various%20investigations%20undertaken%20demonstrates%20the%20potential%20of%20coupling%20satellite-based%20ET%20approaches%20with%20stable%20isotope%20analysis%2C%20to%20quantify%20spatial%20and%20seasonal%20dynamics%20in%20ETg.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22May%202018%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jaridenv.2018.02.002%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%228VPML3VD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-06-25T09%3A01%3A43Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22M7HBJDIN%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Gokool%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018-05%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGokool%2C%20S.%2C%20Riddell%2C%20E.%20S.%2C%20Swemmer%2C%20A.%2C%20Nippert%2C%20J.%20B.%2C%20Raubenheimer%2C%20R.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Chetty%2C%20K.%20T.%20%282018%29.%20Estimating%20groundwater%20contribution%20to%20transpiration%20using%20satellite-derived%20evapotranspiration%20estimates%20coupled%20with%20stable%20isotope%20analysis.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Arid%20Environments%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E152%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%2045%26%23×2013%3B54.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%5C%2Fscience%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0140196318300648%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%5C%2Fscience%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0140196318300648%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DM7HBJDIN%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Estimating%20groundwater%20contribution%20to%20transpiration%20using%20satellite-derived%20evapotranspiration%20estimates%20coupled%20with%20stable%20isotope%20analysis%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gokool%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Riddell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Swemmer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nippert%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Raubenheimer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chetty%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018-05%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%5C%2Fscience%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0140196318300648%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A13%3A10Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22VK4ZAHCZ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Gokool%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018-05%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGokool%2C%20S.%2C%20Riddell%2C%20E.%20S.%2C%20Swemmer%2C%20A.%2C%20Nippert%2C%20J.%20B.%2C%20Raubenheimer%2C%20R.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Chetty%2C%20K.%20T.%20%282018%29.%20Estimating%20groundwater%20contribution%20to%20transpiration%20using%20satellite-derived%20evapotranspiration%20estimates%20coupled%20with%20stable%20isotope%20analysis.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Arid%20Environments%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E152%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%2045%26%23×2013%3B54.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2FJ.JARIDENV.2018.02.002%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2FJ.JARIDENV.2018.02.002%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DVK4ZAHCZ%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Estimating%20groundwater%20contribution%20to%20transpiration%20using%20satellite-derived%20evapotranspiration%20estimates%20coupled%20with%20stable%20isotope%20analysis%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gokool%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Riddell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Swemmer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nippert%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Raubenheimer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chetty%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20relative%20importance%20of%20groundwater%20%28GW%29%20to%20sustain%20terrestrial%20vegetation%20has%20been%20well%20documented.%20However%2C%20quantifying%20GW%20use%20by%20riparian%20vegetation%20in%20data%20scarce%20regions%20may%20prove%20to%20be%20challenging.%20For%20this%20purpose%2C%20we%20coupled%20evapotranspiration%20%28ET%29%20estimates%20from%20the%20satellite-based%20surface%20energy%20balance%20system%20%28SEBS%29%20model%20with%20stable%20isotope%20analysis%2C%20to%20map%20and%20quantify%20the%20contribution%20of%20GW%20to%20transpiration%20%28ETg%29%2C%20along%20the%20lower%20reaches%20of%20a%20perennial%20river%20system%2C%20in%20the%20semi-arid%20north-eastern%20region%20of%20South%20Africa.%20Plant%20stem%2C%20soil%2C%20stream%20and%20GW%20samples%20were%20collected%20on%203%20sampling%20occasions%20during%20the%202016%20dry%20season.%20%5Cu03b42H%20and%20%5Cu03b418O%20values%20of%20the%20respective%20samples%20were%20measured%20and%20analysed.%20We%20found%20that%20while%20GW%20use%20was%20prevalent%20and%20increased%20with%20aridity%2C%20overall%20ETg%20was%20fairly%20minimal.%20During%20the%20initial%20stages%20of%20the%20dry%20season%20ETg%20for%20the%20study%20area%20was%20extremely%20low%2C%20approximately%200.10%25%20of%20daily%20ET%20or%200.01%20mm%20d%5Cu22121.%20However%2C%20as%20aridity%20increased%2C%20ETg%20increased%20to%20approximately%2010%25%20of%20daily%20ET%20or%200.30%20mm%20d%5Cu22121.%20The%20results%20of%20these%20various%20investigations%20undertaken%20demonstrates%20the%20potential%20of%20coupling%20satellite-based%20ET%20approaches%20with%20stable%20isotope%20analysis%2C%20to%20quantify%20spatial%20and%20seasonal%20dynamics%20in%20ETg.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018-05%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2FJ.JARIDENV.2018.02.002%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220140-1963%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%5C%2Fscience%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0140196318300648%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A14%3A52Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22P4Z49Y5C%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Gokool%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGokool%2C%20S.%2C%20Riddell%2C%20E.%20S.%2C%20Swemmer%2C%20A.%2C%20Nippert%2C%20J.%20B.%2C%20Raubenheimer%2C%20R.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Chetty%2C%20K.%20T.%20%282018%29.%20Estimating%20groundwater%20contribution%20to%20transpiration%20using%20satellite-derived%20evapotranspiration%20estimates%20coupled%20with%20stable%20isotope%20analysis.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Arid%20Environments%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jaridenv.2018.02.002%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jaridenv.2018.02.002%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DP4Z49Y5C%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Estimating%20groundwater%20contribution%20to%20transpiration%20using%20satellite-derived%20evapotranspiration%20estimates%20coupled%20with%20stable%20isotope%20analysis%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gokool%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Riddell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Swemmer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nippert%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Raubenheimer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chetty%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%5Cu00a9%202018%20Elsevier%20Ltd.%20The%20relative%20importance%20of%20groundwater%20%28GW%29%20to%20sustain%20terrestrial%20vegetation%20has%20been%20well%20documented.%20However%2C%20quantifying%20GW%20use%20by%20riparian%20vegetation%20in%20data%20scarce%20regions%20may%20prove%20to%20be%20challenging.%20For%20this%20purpose%2C%20we%20coupled%20evapotranspiration%20%28ET%29%20estimates%20from%20the%20satellite-based%20surface%20energy%20balance%20system%20%28SEBS%29%20model%20with%20stable%20isotope%20analysis%2C%20to%20map%20and%20quantify%20the%20contribution%20of%20GW%20to%20transpiration%20%28ET%20g%20%29%2C%20along%20the%20lower%20reaches%20of%20a%20perennial%20river%20system%2C%20in%20the%20semi-arid%20north-eastern%20region%20of%20South%20Africa.%20Plant%20stem%2C%20soil%2C%20stream%20and%20GW%20samples%20were%20collected%20on%203%20sampling%20occasions%20during%20the%202016%20dry%20season.%20%5Cu03b4%202%20H%20and%20%5Cu03b4%2018%20O%20values%20of%20the%20respective%20samples%20were%20measured%20and%20analysed.%20We%20found%20that%20while%20GW%20use%20was%20prevalent%20and%20increased%20with%20aridity%2C%20overall%20ET%20g%20was%20fairly%20minimal.%20During%20the%20initial%20stages%20of%20the%20dry%20season%20ET%20g%20for%20the%20study%20area%20was%20extremely%20low%2C%20approximately%200.10%25%20of%20daily%20ET%20or%200.01%20mm%20d%20-1%20.%20However%2C%20as%20aridity%20increased%2C%20ET%20g%20increased%20to%20approximately%2010%25%20of%20daily%20ET%20or%200.30%20mm%20d%20-1%20.%20The%20results%20of%20these%20various%20investigations%20undertaken%20demonstrates%20the%20potential%20of%20coupling%20satellite-based%20ET%20approaches%20with%20stable%20isotope%20analysis%2C%20to%20quantify%20spatial%20and%20seasonal%20dynamics%20in%20ET%20g%20.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.jaridenv.2018.02.002%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221095922X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A14%3A53Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2275J7UKAC%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Gordijn%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A4%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGordijn%2C%20P.%20J.%2C%20Everson%2C%20T.%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20O%26%23×2019%3BConnor%2C%20T.%20G.%20%282018%29.%20Resistance%20of%20Drakensberg%20grasslands%20to%20compositional%20change%20depends%20on%20the%20influence%20of%20fire-return%20interval%20and%20grassland%20structure%20on%20richness%20and%20spatial%20turnover.%20%3Ci%3EPerspectives%20in%20Plant%20Ecology%2C%20Evolution%20and%20Systematics%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E34%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D75J7UKAC%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Resistance%20of%20Drakensberg%20grasslands%20to%20compositional%20change%20depends%20on%20the%20influence%20of%20fire-return%20interval%20and%20grassland%20structure%20on%20richness%20and%20spatial%20turnover%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paul%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gordijn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Terry%20M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Everson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Timothy%20G%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22O%5Cu2019Connor%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22F3ERISX2%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-11-09T07%3A21%3A00Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22WDN66CU7%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Haase%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHaase%2C%20P.%2C%20Tonkin%2C%20J.%20D.%2C%20Stoll%2C%20S.%2C%20Burkhard%2C%20B.%2C%20Frenzel%2C%20M.%2C%20Geijzendorffer%2C%20I.%20R.%2C%20H%26%23xE4%3Buser%2C%20C.%2C%20Klotz%2C%20S.%2C%20K%26%23xFC%3Bhn%2C%20I.%2C%20McDowell%2C%20W.%20H.%2C%20Mirtl%2C%20M.%2C%20M%26%23xFC%3Bller%2C%20F.%2C%20Musche%2C%20M.%2C%20Penner%2C%20J.%2C%20Zacharias%2C%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Schmeller%2C%20D.%20S.%20%282018%29.%20The%20next%20generation%20of%20site-based%20long-term%20ecological%20monitoring%3A%20Linking%20essential%20biodiversity%20variables%20and%20ecosystem%20integrity.%20%3Ci%3EScience%20of%20the%20Total%20Environment%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E613%26%23×2013%3B614%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%201376%26%23×2013%3B1384.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.scitotenv.2017.08.111%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.scitotenv.2017.08.111%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DWDN66CU7%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20next%20generation%20of%20site-based%20long-term%20ecological%20monitoring%3A%20Linking%20essential%20biodiversity%20variables%20and%20ecosystem%20integrity%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Haase%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jonathan%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tonkin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stefan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stoll%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Benjamin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Burkhard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mark%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Frenzel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ilse%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Geijzendorffer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christoph%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22H%5Cu00e4user%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stefan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Klotz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ingolf%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22K%5Cu00fchn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McDowell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mirtl%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Felix%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22M%5Cu00fcller%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Musche%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Johannes%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Penner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Steffen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zacharias%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dirk%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schmeller%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Global%20change%20effects%20on%20biodiversity%20and%20human%20wellbeing%20call%20for%20improved%20long-term%20environmental%20data%20as%20a%20basis%20for%20science%2C%20policy%20and%20decision%20making%2C%20including%20increased%20interoperability%2C%20multifunctionality%2C%20and%20harmonization.%20Based%20on%20the%20example%20of%20two%20global%20initiatives%2C%20the%20International%20Long-Term%20Ecological%20Research%20%28ILTER%29%20network%20and%20the%20Group%20on%20Earth%20Observations%20Biodiversity%20Observation%20Network%20%28GEO%20BON%29%2C%20we%20propose%20merging%20the%20frameworks%20behind%20these%20initiatives%2C%20namely%20ecosystem%20integrity%20and%20essential%20biodiversity%20variables%2C%20to%20serve%20as%20an%20improved%20guideline%20for%20future%20site-based%20long-term%20research%20and%20monitoring%20in%20terrestrial%2C%20freshwater%20and%20coastal%20ecosystems.%20We%20derive%20a%20list%20of%20specific%20recommendations%20of%20what%20and%20how%20to%20measure%20at%20a%20monitoring%20site%20and%20call%20for%20an%20integration%20of%20sites%20into%20co-located%20site%20networks%20across%20individual%20monitoring%20initiatives%2C%20and%20centered%20on%20ecosystems.%20This%20facilitates%20the%20generation%20of%20linked%20comprehensive%20ecosystem%20monitoring%20data%2C%20supports%20synergies%20in%20the%20use%20of%20costly%20infrastructures%2C%20fosters%20cross-initiative%20research%20and%20provides%20a%20template%20for%20collaboration%20beyond%20the%20ILTER%20and%20GEO%20BON%20communities.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.scitotenv.2017.08.111%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2218791026%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.scitotenv.2017.08.111%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A50%3A57Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ARS5FHF6%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Hahn%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHahn%2C%20N.%20%282018%29.%20An%20historic%20account%20of%20the%20extinct%20high%20rainfall%20grasslands%20of%20the%20Soutpansberg%2C%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3ETransactions%20of%20the%20Royal%20Society%20of%20South%20Africa%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E73%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%2020%26%23×2013%3B32.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F0035919X.2017.1346528%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F0035919X.2017.1346528%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DARS5FHF6%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22An%20historic%20account%20of%20the%20extinct%20high%20rainfall%20grasslands%20of%20the%20Soutpansberg%2C%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Norbert%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hahn%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22It%20has%20been%20estimated%20that%20approximately%2030%25%20of%20the%20grassland%20biome%20of%20South%20Africa%20has%20been%20permanently%20transformed.%20An%20account%20of%20the%20demise%20of%20these%20high%20rainfall%20grasslands%20of%20the%20Soutpansberg%2C%20which%20occurred%20on%20soils%20derived%20from%20weathered%20basalt%20using%20historic%20accounts%20and%20photographic%20records%2C%20is%20given.%20This%20article%20also%20strives%20to%20quantify%20the%20extent%20of%20these%20extinct%20high%20rainfall%20grasslands%20using%20the%20concept%20of%20a%20climatic%20N-value%20in%20correlation%20with%20the%20underlying%20geology%20of%20the%20area.%20Historic%20as%20well%20as%20photographic%20records%20show%20the%20rapid%20demise%20of%20these%20grasslands%20with%20the%20main%20period%20of%20transformation%20occurring%20between%20the%201920s%20and%201950s.%20Modelling%20the%20extent%20of%20the%20extinct%20grasslands%20using%20a%20combination%20of%20basalt%20distribution%20and%20climatic%20N-value%20has%20shown%20that%20they%20covered%20approximately%2010%25%20of%20the%20Soutpansberg.%20Regional%20habitat%20change%20in%20combination%20with%20overexploitation%20has%20led%20to%20the%20localised%20extinction%20of%2014%20mammalian%20herbivore%20species%2C%20nine%20of%20which%20were%20specialised%20grazers.%20The%20contributing%20factors%20to%20the%20demise%20of%20these%20grasslands%20are%20complex%20and%20usually%20entail%20an%20interaction%20of%20various%20influences.%20Most%20of%20these%20contributing%20factors%20are%20as%20a%20direct%20result%20of%20anthropogenic%20activities.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1080%5C%2F0035919X.2017.1346528%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220035919X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F0035919X.2017.1346528%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A46%3A05Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22WIYSWKMS%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Hahn%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHahn%2C%20N.%20%282018%29.%20An%20historic%20account%20of%20the%20extinct%20high%20rainfall%20grasslands%20of%20the%20Soutpansberg%2C%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3ETransactions%20of%20the%20Royal%20Society%20of%20South%20Africa%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E73%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%2020%26%23×2013%3B32.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F0035919X.2017.1346528%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F0035919X.2017.1346528%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DWIYSWKMS%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22An%20historic%20account%20of%20the%20extinct%20high%20rainfall%20grasslands%20of%20the%20Soutpansberg%2C%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Norbert%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hahn%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22It%20has%20been%20estimated%20that%20approximately%2030%25%20of%20the%20grassland%20biome%20of%20South%20Africa%20has%20been%20permanently%20transformed.%20An%20account%20of%20the%20demise%20of%20these%20high%20rainfall%20grasslands%20of%20the%20Soutpansberg%2C%20which%20occurred%20on%20soils%20derived%20from%20weathered%20basalt%20using%20historic%20accounts%20and%20photographic%20records%2C%20is%20given.%20This%20article%20also%20strives%20to%20quantify%20the%20extent%20of%20these%20extinct%20high%20rainfall%20grasslands%20using%20the%20concept%20of%20a%20climatic%20N-value%20in%20correlation%20with%20the%20underlying%20geology%20of%20the%20area.%20Historic%20as%20well%20as%20photographic%20records%20show%20the%20rapid%20demise%20of%20these%20grasslands%20with%20the%20main%20period%20of%20transformation%20occurring%20between%20the%201920s%20and%201950s.%20Modelling%20the%20extent%20of%20the%20extinct%20grasslands%20using%20a%20combination%20of%20basalt%20distribution%20and%20climatic%20N-value%20has%20shown%20that%20they%20covered%20approximately%2010%25%20of%20the%20Soutpansberg.%20Regional%20habitat%20change%20in%20combination%20with%20overexploitation%20has%20led%20to%20the%20localised%20extinction%20of%2014%20mammalian%20herbivore%20species%2C%20nine%20of%20which%20were%20specialised%20grazers.%20The%20contributing%20factors%20to%20the%20demise%20of%20these%20grasslands%20are%20complex%20and%20usually%20entail%20an%20interaction%20of%20various%20influences.%20Most%20of%20these%20contributing%20factors%20are%20as%20a%20direct%20result%20of%20anthropogenic%20activities.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018-01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1080%5C%2F0035919X.2017.1346528%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220035919X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A14%3A09Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22HNBIC2X2%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Hatfield%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHatfield%2C%20J.%20H.%2C%20Harrison%2C%20M.%20L.%20K.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Banks-Leite%2C%20C.%20%282018%29.%20Functional%20Diversity%20Metrics%3A%20How%20They%20Are%20Affected%20by%20Landscape%20Change%20and%20How%20They%20Represent%20Ecosystem%20Functioning%20in%20the%20Tropics.%20%3Ci%3ECurrent%20Landscape%20Ecology%20Reports%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E3%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%2035%26%23×2013%3B42.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs40823-018-0032-x%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs40823-018-0032-x%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DHNBIC2X2%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Functional%20Diversity%20Metrics%3A%20How%20They%20Are%20Affected%20by%20Landscape%20Change%20and%20How%20They%20Represent%20Ecosystem%20Functioning%20in%20the%20Tropics%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jack%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hatfield%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michelle%20L.%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Harrison%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cristina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Banks-Leite%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22It%20is%20generally%20expected%20that%20landscape%20changes%2C%20such%20as%20habitat%20loss%20and%20fragmentation%2C%20should%20negatively%20affect%20functional%20diversity%20metrics%2C%20which%20in%20turn%20impact%20ecosystem%20functioning.%20In%20this%20review%2C%20we%20search%20for%20studies%20conducted%20in%20the%20tropics%20and%20published%20in%20the%20last%2010%20years%20to%20understand%20howdifferent%20aspects%20of%20landscape%20change%20affect%20functional%20diversity%20metrics%20and%20howthe%20latter%20are%20associated%20to%20ecosystem%20functioning.%20In%20total%2C%20we%20found%2024%20papers%20that%20assessed%20the%20effects%20of%20landscape%20metrics%20on%20functional%20diversity%2C%20evenness%2C%20divergence%20and%20composition%2C%20and%20although%20there%20was%20a%20general%20trend%20for%20functional%20diversity%20metrics%20to%20improve%20with%20habitat%20cover%2C%20we%20found%20a%20wide%20range%20of%20responses.%20Most%20surprisingly%2C%20however%2C%20we%20only%20found%20five%20studies%20from%20the%20tropics%20assessing%20the%20extent%20to%20which%20functional%20diversity%20metrics%20were%20correlated%20to%20measures%20of%20ecosystem%20functioning%2C%20and%20in%20general%2C%20very%20weak%20support%20was%20found.%20In%20conclusion%2C%20our%20results%20show%20that%20it%20is%20crucial%20to%20first%20investigate%20the%20level%20towhich%20functional%20diversity%20metrics%20truly%20represent%20ormay%20lead%20to%20changes%20in%20ecosystemfunctioning%2C%20and%20this%20is%20particularly%20important%20for%20animal%20communities%20in%20the%20tropics.Without%20such%20confirmation%2C%20there%20is%20little%20reason%20to%20pursue%20further%20work%20to%20reach%20a%20consensus%20regarding%20how%20landscape%20modification%20affects%20functional%20diversity%20metrics.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs40823-018-0032-x%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A53%3A15Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22UXLDXXM3%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Havl%5Cu00edk%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHavl%26%23xED%3Bk%2C%20P.%20%282018%29.%20%3Ci%3EPetr%20Havl%26%23xED%3Bk%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DUXLDXXM3%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Petr%20Havl%5Cu00edk%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Petr%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Havl%5Cu00edk%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A59%3A59Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22TSCYVD2M%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Hempson%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHempson%2C%20G.%20P.%2C%20Parr%2C%20C.%20L.%2C%20Archibald%2C%20S.%2C%20Anderson%2C%20T.%20M.%2C%20Mustaphi%2C%20C.%20J.%20C.%2C%20Dobson%2C%20A.%20P.%2C%20Donaldson%2C%20J.%20E.%2C%20Morrison%2C%20T.%20A.%2C%20Probert%2C%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Beale%2C%20C.%20M.%20%282018%29.%20Continent-level%20drivers%20of%20African%20pyrodiversity.%20%3Ci%3EEcography%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E41%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%286%29%2C%20889%26%23×2013%3B899.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fecog.03109%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fecog.03109%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DTSCYVD2M%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Continent-level%20drivers%20of%20African%20pyrodiversity%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gareth%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hempson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Catherine%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Parr%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sally%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Archibald%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%20Michael%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Anderson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Colin%20J.Courtney%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mustaphi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dobson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jason%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Donaldson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thomas%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Morrison%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22James%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Probert%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Colin%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Beale%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Pyrodiversity%2C%20which%20describes%20fire%20variability%20over%20space%20and%20time%2C%20is%20believed%20to%20increase%20habitat%20heterogeneity%20and%20thereby%20promote%20biodiversity.%20However%2C%20to%20date%20there%20is%20no%20standardised%20metric%20for%20quantifying%20pyrodiversity%2C%20and%20so%20broad%20geographic%20patterns%20and%20drivers%20of%20pyrodiversity%20remain%20unexplored.%20We%20present%20the%20first%20generalizable%20method%20to%20quantify%20pyrodiversity%2C%20and%20use%20it%20to%20address%20the%20fundamental%20questions%20of%20what%20drives%20pyrodiversity%2C%20which%20fire%20attributes%20constrain%20pyrodiversity%20under%20different%20conditions%2C%20and%20whether%20pyrodiversity%20is%20spatial%20grain-dependent.%20We%20linked%20the%20MODIS%20burned%20area%20and%20active%20fire%20products%20to%20measure%20fire%20size%2C%20seasonal%20timing%2C%20return%20interval%2C%20and%20intensity%20for%202.2%20million%20individual%20fires%20in%20sub-Saharan%20Africa%20from%202000%5Cu20132015.%20We%20then%20quantified%20pyrodiversity%20as%20a%20four-dimensional%20hypervolume%20described%20by%20fire%20attributes%20within%20a%20grid%20cell%2C%20for%20any%20spatial%20grain%20of%20analysis.%20Environmental%20%28rainfall%2C%20vegetation%2C%20soils%2C%20and%20topography%29%20and%20human-associated%20%28cattle%20biomass%2C%20cropland%20area%2C%20and%20human%20population%20density%29%20variables%20were%20assessed%20as%20potential%20drivers%20of%20pyrodiversity.%20Rainfall%20was%20the%20main%20environmental%20driver%20of%20pyrodiversity%2C%20with%20higher%20pyrodiversity%20in%20drier%20regions%20%28%5C%5Ctextless%20650%20mm%20yr%5Cu20131%29.%20Pyrodiversity%20was%20not%20strongly%20associated%20with%20human-associated%20variables%20across%20Africa.%20Rainfall%20and%20a%20human%20influence%20index%20had%20clear%20but%20contrasting%20effects%20on%20the%20variability%20of%20fire%20size%2C%20seasonal%20timing%2C%20return%20interval%2C%20and%20intensity.%20Our%20analyses%20show%20that%20fire%20size%20and%20seasonal%20timing%20constrain%20pyrodiversity%20in%20wetter%20regions%2C%20whereas%20none%20of%20the%20fire%20attributes%20pose%20a%20strong%20constraint%20in%20drier%20regions.%20We%20found%20no%20evidence%20that%20pyrodiversity%20was%20spatial%20grain-dependent%20when%20recalculated%20at%205-minute%20grain%20increments%20from%2015%20to%20120%20minutes.%20We%20hypothesise%20that%20the%20strongest%20positive%20effect%20of%20pyrodiversity%20on%20biodiversity%20in%20all%20its%20forms%20will%20occur%20at%20intermediate%20precipitation%20%28650%5Cu20131300%20mm%20yr%5Cu20131%29%2C%20where%20fire%20plays%20an%20important%20role%20in%20shaping%20vegetation%20structure%20and%20where%20pyrodiversity%20is%20still%20quite%20high.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fecog.03109%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2216000587%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A07%3A00Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22TX6V39QD%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Henrici%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHenrici%2C%20A.%20%282018%29.%20Notes%20and%20Records.%20%3Ci%3EField%20Mycology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E19%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29%2C%20141%26%23×2013%3B143.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.fldmyc.2018.10.008%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.fldmyc.2018.10.008%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DTX6V39QD%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Notes%20and%20Records%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alick%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Henrici%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.fldmyc.2018.10.008%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2214681641%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A44%3A35Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2246W6VF2K%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Henschel%20and%20Lubin%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018-12-10%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHenschel%2C%20J.%20R.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Lubin%2C%20Y.%20%282018%29.%20Web%20spider%20abundance%20is%20affected%20by%20sheep%20farming%20in%20the%20Karoo.%20%3Ci%3EAfrican%20Journal%20of%20Range%20%26amp%3B%20Forage%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E35%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%26%23×2013%3B4%29%2C%20319%26%23×2013%3B324.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F10220119.2018.1522514%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F10220119.2018.1522514%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D46W6VF2K%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Web%20spider%20abundance%20is%20affected%20by%20sheep%20farming%20in%20the%20Karoo%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joh%20R%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Henschel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yael%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lubin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Impacts%20of%20livestock%20farming%20include%20effects%20on%20arthropods%20and%20a%20range%20of%20related%20ecological%20processes.%20Grazing%20by%20sheep%20may%20indirectly%20affect%20web%20spider%20populations%20by%20changing%20vegetation%20structures%20available%20for%20web%20construction%2C%20or%20directly%20by%20trampling%20the%20spiders%20or%20their%20webs.%20We%20tested%20these%20two%20potential%20impacts%20by%20surveying%20spiders%20along%20transects%20and%20found%20that%20web%20spider%20abundance%20was%2052%25%20lower%20in%20a%20sheep%20grazing%20area%20compared%20with%20inside%20the%20adjacent%20Tierberg-LTER%20%28Long%20Term%20Ecological%20Research%29%20sheep%20exclosure.%20This%20reduction%20in%20web-spider%20abundance%20could%20be%20due%20to%20the%2010%25%20lower%20shrub%20cover%20in%20the%20sheep%20pasture%20than%20in%20the%20exclosure.%20Further%20support%20for%20the%20hypothesis%20that%20web%20spider%20abundance%20is%20affected%20by%20shrub%20cover%20came%20from%20spider%20abundance%20being%20higher%20on%20densely%20vegetated%20mounds%2C%20termed%20heuweltjies%2C%20than%20in%20the%20surrounding%20shrub%20matrix%20in%20both%20the%20exclosure%20and%20the%20sheep%20pasture%2C%20with%20heuweltjies%20showing%20cross-fence%20differences%2C%20consistent%20with%20grazing%20impacts.%20In%20addition%2C%20there%20may%20be%20a%20direct%20effect%20of%20trampling%2C%20as%20suggested%20by%20experimental%20removal%20of%20webs.%20By%20depressing%20spider%20populations%2C%20sheep%20grazing%20may%20affect%20a%20number%20of%20ecological%20factors%2C%20such%20as%20trophic%20relationships%20or%20nutrient%20cycling.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018-12-10%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.2989%5C%2F10220119.2018.1522514%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221022-0119%2C%201727-9380%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Ffull%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F10220119.2018.1522514%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22CM9YQJBN%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-15T08%3A07%3A47Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22DMH6DM8Z%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Henschel%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018-12-10%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHenschel%2C%20J.%20R.%2C%20Hoffman%2C%20M.%20T.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Walker%2C%20C.%20%282018%29.%20Introduction%20to%20the%20Karoo%20Special%20Issue%3A%20Trajectories%20of%20Change%20in%20the%20Anthropocene.%20%3Ci%3EAfrican%20Journal%20of%20Range%20%26amp%3B%20Forage%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E35%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%26%23×2013%3B4%29%2C%20151%26%23×2013%3B156.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F10220119.2018.1535214%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F10220119.2018.1535214%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DDMH6DM8Z%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Introduction%20to%20the%20Karoo%20Special%20Issue%3A%20Trajectories%20of%20Change%20in%20the%20Anthropocene%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joh%20R%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Henschel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M%20Timm%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hoffman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cherryl%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Walker%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20Karoo%20is%20an%20arid%20to%20semi-arid%20area%20across%20the%20western%20third%20of%20South%20Africa%2C%20comprising%20the%20Succulent%20Karoo%20and%20Nama-Karoo%20biomes.%20Its%20environment%20and%20people%20have%20experienced%20considerable%20changes%2C%20and%20now%20face%20new%20challenges%20as%20the%20Anthropocene%20unfolds.%20This%20Karoo%20Special%20Issue%20%28KSI%29%20brings%20together%20new%20information%20in%2020%20papers%2C%20a%20mixture%20of%20reviews%2C%20research%20articles%20and%20commentaries%2C%20significantly%20adding%20to%20previous%20syntheses%20of%20Karoo%20knowledge.%20The%20KSI%20comprises%20several%20sections%20focusing%20on%20different%20aspects%20of%20change%2C%20namely%20a%20lead%20article%20that%20provides%20an%20overview%20of%20social%20and%20environmental%20changes%2C%20followed%20by%20papers%20concerning%20changes%20over%20time%20from%20deep%20history%20to%20contemporary%20conditions%20%28Xhaeruh%20to%20Karoo%29%2C%20insights%20from%20long-term%20studies%20at%20several%20sites%20across%20the%20area%2C%20different%20perspectives%20of%20ecosystem%20processes%2C%20and%20ending%20with%20a%20set%20of%20reflections%20and%20proposals%20for%20research%20priorities.%20We%20end%20this%20introduction%20by%20dedicating%20the%20KSI%20to%20two%20outstanding%20scholars%20of%20the%20Karoo%3A%20Dr%20Suzanne%20J%20Milton%20and%20Dr%20W%20Richard%20J%20Dean.%20These%20KSI%20papers%2C%20many%20of%20which%20were%20written%20by%20their%20colleagues%2C%20friends%20and%20former%20students%2C%20represents%20a%20Festschrift%20that%20celebrates%20and%20honours%20their%20research%20as%20well%20as%20the%20inspiration%20and%20leadership%20they%20gave%20to%20a%20generation%20of%20scientists.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018-12-10%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.2989%5C%2F10220119.2018.1535214%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221022-0119%2C%201727-9380%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Ffull%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F10220119.2018.1535214%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22CM9YQJBN%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-15T08%3A05%3A46Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22BPP5V6FB%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Hermes%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018-05-04%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHermes%2C%20J.%2C%20Pearlman%2C%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Buttigieg%2C%20P.%20%282018%29.%20What%26%23×2019%3Bs%20the%20Best%20Way%20to%20Responsibly%20Collect%20Ocean%20Data%3F%20%3Ci%3EEos%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E99%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2018EO096533%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2018EO096533%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DBPP5V6FB%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22What%5Cu2019s%20the%20Best%20Way%20to%20Responsibly%20Collect%20Ocean%20Data%3F%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Juliet%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hermes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jay%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pearlman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pier%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Buttigieg%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Evolving%20and%20Sustaining%20Oceans%20Best%20Practices%20Workshop%3B%20Paris%2C%20France%2C%5Cu00a015%5Cu201317%20November%202017%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018-05-04%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2018EO096533%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222324-9250%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Feos.org%5C%2Fmeeting-reports%5C%2Fwhats-the-best-way-to-responsibly-collect-ocean-data%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BGDWYJZJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-04-13T19%3A18%3A07Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%223TA79VQZ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Hoffman%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018-12-10%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHoffman%2C%20M.%20T.%2C%20Walker%2C%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Henschel%2C%20J.%20R.%20%282018%29.%20Reflections%20on%20the%20Karoo%20Special%20Issue%3A%20towards%20an%20interdisciplinary%20research%20agenda%20for%20South%20Africa%26%23×2019%3Bs%20drylands.%20%3Ci%3EAfrican%20Journal%20of%20Range%20%26amp%3B%20Forage%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E35%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%26%23×2013%3B4%29%2C%20387%26%23×2013%3B393.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F10220119.2018.1540910%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F10220119.2018.1540910%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D3TA79VQZ%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Reflections%20on%20the%20Karoo%20Special%20Issue%3A%20towards%20an%20interdisciplinary%20research%20agenda%20for%20South%20Africa%5Cu2019s%20drylands%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M%20Timm%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hoffman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cherryl%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Walker%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joh%20R%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Henschel%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22We%20begin%20this%20essay%20with%20reflections%20on%20major%20research%20themes%20highlighted%20by%20the%20Karoo%20Special%20Issue%20%28KSI%29.%20These%20include%20concerns%20over%20land-use%20change%2C%20long-term%20monitoring%2C%20climate%20change%2C%20governance%20and%20the%20need%20for%20more%20interdisciplinary%20research.%20We%20also%20identify%20some%20of%20the%20novel%20contributions%20of%20the%20KSI%20around%20these%20themes%20and%20highlight%20research%20issues%20that%20require%20further%20attention.%20These%20include%20greater%20focus%20on%20the%20social-ecological%20impact%20of%20large-scale%20infrastructural%20developments%20and%20wildlife%20ranching%2C%20as%20well%20as%20the%20need%20for%20more%20longitudinal%20studies%20related%20to%20contemporary%20social%20issues.%20We%20conclude%20by%20outlining%20a%20simple%20framework%20for%20thinking%20about%20interdisciplinarity%20in%20future%20research%20efforts%20in%20the%20Karoo.%20The%20first%20axis%20relates%20to%20the%20natural%20science%5C%2Fsocial%20science%20continuum%2C%20while%20the%20second%20is%20concerned%20with%20the%20continuum%20between%20basic%20and%20applied%20science.%20Greater%20awareness%20of%20these%20two%20dimensions%20could%20not%20only%20encourage%20researchers%20to%20reflect%20more%20carefully%20on%20where%20their%20research%20fits%20in%20relation%20to%20the%20broader%20research%20needs%20of%20this%20region%20but%20could%20also%20promote%20interdisciplinarity%20within%20the%20research%20community.%20It%20could%20also%20bring%20researchers%20closer%20to%20the%20realities%20and%20needs%20of%20the%20people%20who%20live%20in%20and%20derive%20their%20livelihoods%20from%20Karoo%20environments.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018-12-10%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.2989%5C%2F10220119.2018.1540910%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221022-0119%2C%201727-9380%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Ffull%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F10220119.2018.1540910%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22CM9YQJBN%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-15T08%3A05%3A47Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22Z5QIFNQK%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Holzer%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHolzer%2C%20J.%20M.%2C%20Adamescu%2C%20M.%20C.%2C%20Bonet-Garc%26%23xED%3Ba%2C%20F.%20J.%2C%20D%26%23xED%3Baz-Delgado%2C%20R.%2C%20Dick%2C%20J.%2C%20Grove%2C%20J.%20M.%2C%20Rozzi%2C%20R.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Orenstein%2C%20D.%20E.%20%282018%29.%20Negotiating%20local%20versus%20global%20needs%20in%20the%20International%20Long%20Term%20Ecological%20Research%20Network%26%23×2019%3Bs%20socio-ecological%20research%20agenda.%20%3Ci%3EEnvironmental%20Research%20Letters%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E13%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2810%29.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1088%5C%2F1748-9326%5C%2Faadec8%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1088%5C%2F1748-9326%5C%2Faadec8%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DZ5QIFNQK%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Negotiating%20local%20versus%20global%20needs%20in%20the%20International%20Long%20Term%20Ecological%20Research%20Network%27s%20socio-ecological%20research%20agenda%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Holzer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Adamescu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22F.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bonet-Garc%5Cu00eda%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22D%5Cu00edaz-Delgado%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dick%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Grove%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rozzi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Orenstein%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Over%20the%20past%20decade%2C%20long-term%20socio-ecological%20research%20%28LTSER%29%20has%20been%20established%20to%20better%20integrate%20social%20science%20research%20and%20societal%20concerns%20into%20the%20goals%20and%20objectives%20of%20the%20International%20Long-Term%20Ecological%20Research%20%28ILTER%29%20network%2C%20an%20established%20global%20network%20of%20long-term%20ecological%20monitoring%20sites.%20The%20Horizon%202020%20eLTER%20project%2C%20currently%20underway%2C%20includes%20as%20one%20of%20its%20key%20objectives%20to%20evaluate%20the%20performance%20of%20LTSER%20platforms.%20This%20article%20reflects%20part%20of%20this%20evaluation%3A%20six%20LTSER%20platforms%20were%20assessed%20through%20site%20visits%20of%20the%20lead%20author%2C%20coupled%20with%20reflections%20and%20insights%20of%20the%20platform%20managers%2C%20who%20are%20also%20co-authors.%20We%20provide%20background%20for%20the%20mission%20and%20goals%20of%20LTSER%2C%20then%20assess%20the%20six%20international%20LTSER%20platforms%20-%20Baltimore%20Ecosystem%20Study%20LTER%2C%20USA%3B%20Braila%20Island%20LTSER%2C%20Romania%3B%20Cairngorms%20LTSER%2C%20UK%3B%20Do%5Cu00f1ana%20LTSER%2C%20Spain%3B%20Omora%20Ethnobotanical%20Park%20Cape%20Horn%20LTER%2C%20Chile%3B%20and%20Sierra%20Nevada%20LTSER%2C%20Spain.%20While%20based%20on%20a%20strong%20theoretical%20foundation%20in%20socio-ecological%20research%2C%20there%20has%20been%20a%20steep%20learning%20curve%20for%20scientists%20applying%20the%20concept%20in%20practice%20at%20LTSER%20platforms.%20We%20show%20positive%20impacts%20that%20have%20been%20achieved%2C%20including%20contributions%20to%20policy%2C%20land-use%20planning%2C%20and%20natural%20resource%20management.%20We%20explain%20key%20aspects%20of%20LTSER%20platforms%20that%20have%20proven%20challenging%2C%20including%20management%2C%20interdisciplinary%20integration%2C%20and%20stakeholder%20collaboration.%20We%20characterize%20the%20tensions%20between%20top-down%20desires%20for%20network%20harmonization%2C%20bottom-up%20demands%20such%20as%20local%20policy%20relevance%2C%20and%20platform-level%20constraints%20such%20as%20time%20and%20budget.%20Finally%2C%20we%20discuss%20challenges%2C%20such%20as%20local%20context%20dominating%20the%20character%20of%20LTSER%20platforms%2C%20and%20the%20fact%20that%20scientists%20are%20often%20disincentivized%20from%20engaging%20in%20transdisciplinary%20science.%20Overall%2C%20we%20conclude%20that%20while%20the%20international%20network%20offers%20important%20advantages%20to%20its%20members%2C%20a%20more%20productive%20balance%20between%20local%20and%20global%20goals%20could%20be%20achieved%2C%20and%20members%20may%20need%20to%20temper%20their%20expectations%20of%20what%20the%20network%20can%20and%20cannot%20offer%20at%20the%20local%20level.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1088%5C%2F1748-9326%5C%2Faadec8%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2217489326%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A50%3A52Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22L3FDLVIB%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Human%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018-05-15%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHuman%2C%20L.%20R.%20D.%2C%20Magoro%2C%20M.%20L.%2C%20Dalu%2C%20T.%2C%20Perissinotto%2C%20R.%2C%20Whitfield%2C%20A.%20K.%2C%20Adams%2C%20J.%20B.%2C%20Deyzel%2C%20S.%20H.%20P.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Rishworth%2C%20G.%20M.%20%282018%29.%20Natural%20nutrient%20enrichment%20and%20algal%20responses%20in%20near%20pristine%20micro-estuaries%20and%20micro-outlets.%20%3Ci%3EScience%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E624%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20945%26%23×2013%3B954.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.scitotenv.2017.12.184%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.scitotenv.2017.12.184%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DL3FDLVIB%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Natural%20nutrient%20enrichment%20and%20algal%20responses%20in%20near%20pristine%20micro-estuaries%20and%20micro-outlets%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%20R.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Human%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Magoro%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dalu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Perissinotto%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Whitfield%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Adams%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20H.%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deyzel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rishworth%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Naturally-occurring%20pristine%20estuarine%20ecosystems%20are%20rare%20in%20modern%20environments%20due%20to%20anthropogenic%20encroachment.%20There%20are%20more%20than%20100%20outlets%20around%20the%20South%20African%20coast%20arising%20from%20streams%20flowing%20from%20small%20catchments%20close%20to%20the%20sea.%20Eight%20near%20natural%20systems%20were%20sampled%20seasonally%20over%20the%20period%20of%20a%20year%20to%20acquire%20baseline%20information%20on%20water%20quality%20and%20chlorophyll%20a%20status%20across%20a%20variety%20of%20algal%20guilds%20%28benthic%20microalgae%2C%20phytoplankton%20and%20macroalgal%20cover%29.%20Albeit%20on%20a%20much%20smaller-scale%2C%20these%20systems%20represent%20natural%20surrogates%20of%20larger%20temporarily%20open%5C%2Fclosed%20estuaries%20%28TOCEs%29.%20Inorganic%20nutrients%20%28ammonium%2C%20total%20oxidized%20nitrogen%20and%20soluble%20reactive%20phosphate%29%2C%20phytoplankton%20and%20microphytobenthos%20chlorophyll%20a%2C%20as%20well%20as%20macroagal%20percentage%20cover%2C%20were%20measured%20using%20standard%20methods.%20Algae%20showed%20a%20seasonal%20trend%2C%20with%20blooms%20of%20both%20micro-%20and%20macro-algae%20occurring%20during%20summer%2C%20with%20a%20dieback%20recorded%20in%20autumn.%20During%20summer%2C%20only%20one%20system%20had%20a%20phytoplankton%20peak%20in%20chlorophyll%20a%20above%2020%5Cu03bcgL%5Cu22121%2C%20while%20the%20microphytobenthos%20concentrations%20in%20three%20of%20the%20systems%20were%20above%20100mgm%5Cu22122.%20Summer%20blooms%20of%20green%20filamentous%20macroalgae%20occurred%20in%20all%20four%20micro-outlets%20and%20in%20one%20micro-estuary.%20Using%20a%20linear%20mixed-effects%20modelling%20approach%2C%20significant%20drivers%20for%20algal%20growth%20related%20to%20temperature%2C%20nutrient%20conditions%2C%20light%20availability%20and%20water%20residence%20time%2C%20all%20of%20which%20are%20known%20to%20stimulate%20primary%20production.%20The%20results%20show%20that%20enrichment%20from%20natural%20sources%20display%20similar%20responses%20from%20primary%20producers%20to%20mesotrophic%20and%5C%2For%20eutrophic%20water%20bodies%2C%20with%20the%20exception%20that%20they%20revert%20to%20a%20natural%20state%20rather%20than%20continue%20into%20a%20degraded%20state%20as%20is%20the%20case%20in%20artificially%20enriched%20systems.%20This%20importantly%20demonstrates%20how%20larger%20temporarily%5C%2Fopen%20closed%20estuaries%2C%20most%20of%20which%20are%20anthropogenically%20degraded%2C%20might%20have%20functioned%20under%20a%20former%20more%20balanced%20state.%20Some%20of%20these%20larger%20systems%20now%20respond%20to%20nutrient%20enrichment%20by%20exhibiting%20permanent%20cultural%20eutrophication.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018-05-15%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.scitotenv.2017.12.184%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220048-9697%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%5C%2Fscience%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0048969717336100%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2285DCE2P4%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-26T10%3A16%3A35Z%22%7D%7D%5D%7D
*Kigomo J.N., Kuria M.N., G. S., & E.M, W. (2018). jfewr ©2018 – jfewr Publications. Evaluation of Land and Vegetation Degradation Indicators in Kiang’Ombe Landscape, Mbeere North, Kenya, 10(1), 1–10. Cite

Aduah, M. S., Jewitt, G. P. W., & Toucher, M. L. W. (2018). Assessing impacts of land use changes on the hydrology of a lowland rainforest catchment in Ghana, West Africa. Water, 10(1), 9–9. Cite

Aduah, M. S., Jewitt, G. P., & Toucher, M. L. (2018). Assessing impacts of land use changes on the hydrology of a lowland rainforest catchment in Ghana, West Africa. Water, 10(1), 9. Cite

Aduah, M. S., Jewitt, G. P. W., & Toucher, M. L. W. (2018). Assessing impacts of land use changes on the hydrology of a lowland rainforest catchment in Ghana, West Africa. Water, 10(1), 9–9. Cite

Africa, S. (2018). Episodic recharge of groundwater due to cyclonic events within the Limpopo province , South Africa Supervisor : May. Cite

Alvarado, S. T., Silva, T. S. F., & Archibald, S. (2018). Management impacts on fire occurrence: A comparison of fire regimes of African and South American tropical savannas in different protected areas. Journal of Environmental Management, 218, 79–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.04.004 Cite

Arena, G., van der Merwe, H., Todd, S. W., Pauw, M. J., Milton, S. J., Dean, W. R. J., & Henschel, J. R. (2018). Reflections, applications and future directions of Long-Term Ecological Research at Tierberg. African Journal of Range & Forage Science, 35(3–4), 257–265. https://doi.org/10.2989/10220119.2018.1513072 Cite

Atkinson, L. J., & Sink, K. J. (2018). Field guide to the offshore marine invertebrates of South Africa. Cite

Badenhorst, J., Dabrowski, J., Scholtz, C. H., & Truter, W. F. (2018). Dung beetle activity improves herbaceous plant growth and soil properties on confinements simulating reclaimed mined land in South Africa. Applied Soil Ecology, 132(September), 53–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2018.08.011 Cite

Bezuidenhout, H., Botha, J., Ramaswiela, T., & O’Connor, T. G. (2018). Key determinants of long-term compositional variation of the herbaceous layer in a semi-arid African savanna: Rainfall, soil type, and plant species functional types. Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Natuurwetenskap En Tegnologie. Cite

Bliefernicht, J., Berger, S., Salack, S., Guug, S., Hingerl, L., Heinzeller, D., Mauder, M., Steinbrecher, R., Steup, G., Bossa, A. Y., Waongo, M., Quansah, E., Balogun, A. A., Yira, Y., Arnault, J., Wagner, S., Klein, C., Gessner, U., Knauer, K., … Kunstmann, H. (2018). The WASCAL Hydrometeorological Observatory in the Sudan Savanna of Burkina Faso and Ghana. Vadose Zone Journal, 17(1), 180065. https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2018.03.0065 Cite

Buisson, E., Le Stradic, S., Silveira, F. A. O., Durigan, G., Overbeck, G. E., Fidelis, A., Fernandes, G. W., Bond, W. J., Hermann, J.-M., Mahy, G., Alvarado, S. T., Zaloumis, N. P., & Veldman, J. W. (2018). Resilience and restoration of tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and grassy woodlands. Biological Reviews, 0–000. https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12470 Cite

Bushnell, M., Buttigieg, P. L., Hermes, J., Heslop, E., Karstensen, J., Muller-Karger, F., Mas, C. M., Pearlman, F., Pearlman, J., & Simpson, P. (2018). Sharing Best Practices Among Operators and Users of Oceanographic Data: Challenge, Status, and Plans of the Ocean Best Practices Project. Marine Technology Society Journal, 52(3), 8–12. https://doi.org/10.4031/MTSJ.52.3.11 Cite

Cai, L.-M., Wang, Q.-S., Luo, J., Chen, L.-G., Zhu, R.-L., Wang, S., & Tang, C.-H. (2018). Heavy metal contamination and health risk assessment for children near a large Cu-smelter in central China. Science of the Total Environment, 650, 725–733. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.081 Cite

Choat, B., Brodribb, T. J., Brodersen, C. R., Duursma, R. A., López, R., & Medlyn, B. E. (2018). Triggers of tree mortality under drought. Nature, 558(7711), 531–539. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0240-x Cite

Dalerum, F., Miranda, M., Muñiz, C., & Rodríguez, P. (2018). Effects of scarcity, aesthetics and ecology on wildlife auction prices of large African mammals. Ambio, 47(1), 78–85. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-017-0937-3 Cite

Dalerum, F., Miranda, M., Muñiz, C., & Rodríguez, P. (2018). Effects of scarcity, aesthetics and ecology on wildlife auction prices of large African mammals. Ambio, 47(1), 78–85. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-017-0937-3 Cite

Dalu, T., Magoro, M. L., Tonkin, J. D., Human, L. R. D., Perissinotto, R., Deyzel, S. H. P., Adams, J. B., & Whitfield, A. K. (2018). Assessing phytoplankton composition and structure within micro-estuaries and micro-outlets: a community analysis approach. Hydrobiologia, 818(1), 177–191. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-018-3605-0 Cite

Dean, W. R. J., & Milton, S. J. (2018). Ants (Formicidae) as food for birds in southern Africa: opportunism or survival? Ostrich, 89(1), 4. https://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2017.1382017 Cite

Dean, W. R. J., Seymour, C. L., & Joseph, G. S. (2018). Linear structures in the Karoo, South Africa, and their impacts on biota. African Journal of Range & Forage Science, 35(3–4), 223–232. https://doi.org/10.2989/10220119.2018.1514530 Cite

Dilmahamod, A. F., Aguiar‐González, B., Penven, P., Reason, C. J. C., De Ruijter, W. P. M., Malan, N., & Hermes, J. C. (2018). SIDDIES Corridor: A Major East‐West Pathway of Long‐Lived Surface and Subsurface Eddies Crossing the Subtropical South Indian Ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 123(8), 5406–5425. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JC013828 Cite

Djukic, I., Kepfer-Rojas, S., Schmidt, I. K., Larsen, K. S., Beier, C., Berg, B., Verheyen, K., Caliman, A., Paquette, A., Gutiérrez-Girón, A., Humber, A., Valdecantos, A., Petraglia, A., Alexander, H., Augustaitis, A., Saillard, A., Fernández, A. C. R., Sousa, A. I., Lillebø, A. I., … Tóth, Z. (2018). Early stage litter decomposition across biomes. Science of The Total Environment, 628–629, 1369–1394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.012 Cite

Dlamini, T. B. (2018). Differential herbivore occupancy of fire-manipulated savannas in the Satara region of the Kruger National Park, South Africa. [MTech thesis]. Tshwane University of Technology. Cite

Dornelas, M., Antão, L. H., Moyes, F., Bates, A. E., Magurran, A. E., Adam, D., Akhmetzhanova, A. A., Appeltans, W., Arcos, J. M., Arnold, H., Ayyappan, N., Badihi, G., Baird, A. H., Barbosa, M., Barreto, T. E., Bässler, C., Bellgrove, A., Belmaker, J., Benedetti-Cecchi, L., … Hickler, T. (2018). BioTIME: A database of biodiversity time series for the Anthropocene. Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr., 27(7), 760–786. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12729 Cite

Dorrington, R. A., Lombard, A. T., Bornman, T. G., Adams, J. B., Cawthra, H. C., Deyzel, S. H. P., Goschen, W. S., Liu, K., Mahler-Coetzee, J., Matcher, G. F., McQuaid, C., Parker-Nance, S., Paterson, A., Perissinotto, R., Porri, F., Roberts, M., Snow, B., & Vrancken, P. (2018). Working together for our oceans: A marine spatial plan for Algoa Bay, South Africa. South African Journal of Science, 114(3/4), 6–6. https://doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2018/a0247 Cite

Douglas, C. M. S., Cowlishaw, G., Harrison, X. A., Henschel, J. R., Pettorelli, N., & Mulligan, M. (2018). Identifying the determinants of tree distributions along a large ephemeral river. Ecosphere, 9, 17. Cite

Douglas, C. M. S., Cowlishaw, G., Harrison, X. A., Henschel, J. R., Pettorelli, N., & Mulligan, M. (2018). Identifying the determinants of tree distributions along a large ephemeral river. Ecosphere, 9(6). https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2223 Cite

du Plessis, N., Hermes, J., Bohler-Muller, N., Du Toit, T., Hachigonta, S., Maanda, F., Modiba, S., Motepe, M., Mphogo, K., Papo, T. R., Penney, J., Rees, G., Siko, G., & Masoka, C. (2018). The proposed institutional reform of the Indian Ocean Rim Academic Group. Journal of the Indian Ocean Region, 14(2), 230–236. https://doi.org/10.1080/19480881.2018.1476119 Cite

du Toit, J. C., Ramaswiela, T., Pauw, M. J., & O’Connor, T. G. (2018). Interactions of grazing and rainfall on vegetation at Grootfontein in the eastern Karoo. African Journal of Range & Forage Science, 35(3–4), 267–276. https://doi.org/10.2989/10220119.2018.1508072 Cite

Ferreira, S. M., Greaver, C., Nhleko, Z., & Simms, C. (2018). Realization of poaching effects on rhinoceroses in Kruger National Park, South Africa. Cite

Ficetola, G. F., Romano, A., Salvidio, S., & Sindaco, R. (2018). Optimizing monitoring schemes to detect trends in abundance over broad scales. Animal Conservation, 21(3), 221–231. https://doi.org/10.1111/acv.12356 Cite

Goets, S. A., Kraaij, T., & Little, K. M. (2018). Seed bank and growth comparisons of native ( Virgilia divaricata ) and invasive alien ( Acacia mearnsii and A. melanoxylon ) plants: implications for conservation. PeerJ, 6, 21. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5466 Cite

Gokool, S., Riddell, E. S., Swemmer, A., Nippert, J. B., Raubenheimer, R., & Chetty, K. T. (2018). Estimating groundwater contribution to transpiration using satellite-derived evapotranspiration estimates coupled with stable isotope analysis. Journal of Arid Environments, 152, 45–54. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2018.02.002 Cite

Gokool, S., Riddell, E. S., Swemmer, A., Nippert, J. B., Raubenheimer, R., & Chetty, K. T. (2018). Estimating groundwater contribution to transpiration using satellite-derived evapotranspiration estimates coupled with stable isotope analysis. Journal of Arid Environments, 152, 45–54. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140196318300648 Cite

Gokool, S., Riddell, E. S., Swemmer, A., Nippert, J. B., Raubenheimer, R., & Chetty, K. T. (2018). Estimating groundwater contribution to transpiration using satellite-derived evapotranspiration estimates coupled with stable isotope analysis. Journal of Arid Environments, 152, 45–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JARIDENV.2018.02.002 Cite

Gokool, S., Riddell, E. S., Swemmer, A., Nippert, J. B., Raubenheimer, R., & Chetty, K. T. (2018). Estimating groundwater contribution to transpiration using satellite-derived evapotranspiration estimates coupled with stable isotope analysis. Journal of Arid Environments. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2018.02.002 Cite

Gordijn, P. J., Everson, T. M., & O’Connor, T. G. (2018). Resistance of Drakensberg grasslands to compositional change depends on the influence of fire-return interval and grassland structure on richness and spatial turnover. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 34. Cite

Haase, P., Tonkin, J. D., Stoll, S., Burkhard, B., Frenzel, M., Geijzendorffer, I. R., Häuser, C., Klotz, S., Kühn, I., McDowell, W. H., Mirtl, M., Müller, F., Musche, M., Penner, J., Zacharias, S., & Schmeller, D. S. (2018). The next generation of site-based long-term ecological monitoring: Linking essential biodiversity variables and ecosystem integrity. Science of the Total Environment, 613–614, 1376–1384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.111 Cite

Hahn, N. (2018). An historic account of the extinct high rainfall grasslands of the Soutpansberg, South Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 73(1), 20–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/0035919X.2017.1346528 Cite

Hahn, N. (2018). An historic account of the extinct high rainfall grasslands of the Soutpansberg, South Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 73(1), 20–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/0035919X.2017.1346528 Cite

Hatfield, J. H., Harrison, M. L. K., & Banks-Leite, C. (2018). Functional Diversity Metrics: How They Are Affected by Landscape Change and How They Represent Ecosystem Functioning in the Tropics. Current Landscape Ecology Reports, 3(2), 35–42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40823-018-0032-x Cite

Havlík, P. (2018). Petr Havlík. Cite

Hempson, G. P., Parr, C. L., Archibald, S., Anderson, T. M., Mustaphi, C. J. C., Dobson, A. P., Donaldson, J. E., Morrison, T. A., Probert, J., & Beale, C. M. (2018). Continent-level drivers of African pyrodiversity. Ecography, 41(6), 889–899. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.03109 Cite

Henrici, A. (2018). Notes and Records. Field Mycology, 19(4), 141–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fldmyc.2018.10.008 Cite

Henschel, J. R., & Lubin, Y. (2018). Web spider abundance is affected by sheep farming in the Karoo. African Journal of Range & Forage Science, 35(3–4), 319–324. https://doi.org/10.2989/10220119.2018.1522514 Cite

Henschel, J. R., Hoffman, M. T., & Walker, C. (2018). Introduction to the Karoo Special Issue: Trajectories of Change in the Anthropocene. African Journal of Range & Forage Science, 35(3–4), 151–156. https://doi.org/10.2989/10220119.2018.1535214 Cite

Hermes, J., Pearlman, J., & Buttigieg, P. (2018). What’s the Best Way to Responsibly Collect Ocean Data? Eos, 99. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018EO096533 Cite

Hoffman, M. T., Walker, C., & Henschel, J. R. (2018). Reflections on the Karoo Special Issue: towards an interdisciplinary research agenda for South Africa’s drylands. African Journal of Range & Forage Science, 35(3–4), 387–393. https://doi.org/10.2989/10220119.2018.1540910 Cite

Holzer, J. M., Adamescu, M. C., Bonet-García, F. J., Díaz-Delgado, R., Dick, J., Grove, J. M., Rozzi, R., & Orenstein, D. E. (2018). Negotiating local versus global needs in the International Long Term Ecological Research Network’s socio-ecological research agenda. Environmental Research Letters, 13(10). https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aadec8 Cite

Human, L. R. D., Magoro, M. L., Dalu, T., Perissinotto, R., Whitfield, A. K., Adams, J. B., Deyzel, S. H. P., & Rishworth, G. M. (2018). Natural nutrient enrichment and algal responses in near pristine micro-estuaries and micro-outlets. Science of The Total Environment, 624, 945–954. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.184 Cite






2017
2592029
2017
items
1
0
author
asc
1
218
https://www.saeon.ac.za/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
%7B%22status%22%3A%22success%22%2C%22updateneeded%22%3Afalse%2C%22instance%22%3A%22zotpress-ee25719cf2549ace02f3537f6788fb4a%22%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22request_last%22%3A100%2C%22request_next%22%3A50%2C%22used_cache%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22data%22%3A%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%22DMPASX6B%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Abreu%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAbreu%2C%20R.%20C.%20R.%2C%20Hoffmann%2C%20W.%20A.%2C%20Vasconcelos%2C%20H.%20L.%2C%20Pilon%2C%20N.%20A.%2C%20Rossatto%2C%20D.%20R.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Durigan%2C%20G.%20%282017%29.%20The%20biodiversity%20cost%20of%20carbon%20sequestration%20in%20tropical%20savanna.%20%3Ci%3EScience%20Advances%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E3%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%288%29%2C%20e1701284.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1126%5C%2Fsciadv.1701284%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1126%5C%2Fsciadv.1701284%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DDMPASX6B%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20biodiversity%20cost%20of%20carbon%20sequestration%20in%20tropical%20savanna%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rodolfo%20C.%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Abreu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hoffmann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Heraldo%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vasconcelos%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Natashi%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pilon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Davi%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rossatto%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Giselda%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Durigan%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Tropical%20savannas%20have%20been%20increasingly%20viewed%20as%20an%20opportunity%20for%20carbon%20sequestration%20through%20fire%20suppression%20and%20afforestation%2C%20but%20insufficient%20attention%20has%20been%20given%20to%20the%20consequences%20for%20biodiversity.%20To%20evaluate%20the%20biodiversity%20costs%20of%20increasing%20carbon%20sequestration%2C%20we%20quantified%20changes%20in%20ecosystem%20carbon%20stocks%20and%20the%20associated%20changes%20in%20communities%20of%20plants%20and%20ants%20resulting%20from%20fire%20suppression%20in%20savannas%20of%20the%20Brazilian%20Cerrado%2C%20a%20global%20biodiversity%20hotspot.%20Fire%20suppression%20resulted%20in%20increased%20carbon%20stocks%20of%201.2%20Mg%20ha%5Cu22121%20year%5Cu22121%20since%201986%20but%20was%20associated%20with%20acute%20species%20loss.%20In%20sites%20fully%20encroached%20by%20forest%2C%20plant%20species%20richness%20declined%20by%2027%25%2C%20and%20ant%20richness%20declined%20by%2035%25.%20Richness%20of%20savanna%20specialists%2C%20the%20species%20most%20at%20risk%20of%20local%20extinction%20due%20to%20forest%20encroachment%2C%20declined%20by%2067%25%20for%20plants%20and%2086%25%20for%20ants.%20This%20loss%20highlights%20the%20important%20role%20of%20fire%20in%20maintaining%20biodiversity%20in%20tropical%20savannas%2C%20a%20role%20that%20is%20not%20reflected%20in%20current%20policies%20of%20fire%20suppression%20throughout%20the%20Brazilian%20Cerrado.%20In%20tropical%20grasslands%20and%20savannas%20throughout%20the%20tropics%2C%20carbon%20mitigation%20programs%20that%20promote%20forest%20cover%20cannot%20be%20assumed%20to%20provide%20net%20benefits%20for%20conservation.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1126%5C%2Fsciadv.1701284%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222375-2548%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fadvances.sciencemag.org%5C%2Flookup%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1126%5C%2Fsciadv.1701284%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A25%3A29Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22HDCWY6J4%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ahmed%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAhmed%2C%20N.%20M.%20%282017%29.%20%3Ci%3EFailing%20States%2C%20Collapsing%20Systems%3A%20BioPhysical%20Triggers%20of%20Political%20Violence%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2F978-3-319-47816-6%7B%5C%5C_%7D1%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2F978-3-319-47816-6%7B%5C%5C_%7D1%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DHDCWY6J4%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Failing%20States%2C%20Collapsing%20Systems%3A%20BioPhysical%20Triggers%20of%20Political%20Violence%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nafeez%20Mosaddeq%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ahmed%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20work%20executes%20a%20unique%20transdisciplinary%20methodology%20building%20on%20the%20author%27s%20previous%20book%2C%20A%20User%27s%20Guide%20to%20the%20Crisis%20of%20Civilization%3A%20And%20How%20to%20Save%20it%20%28Pluto%2C%202010%29%2C%20which%20was%20the%20first%20peer-reviewed%20study%20to%20establish%20a%20social%20science%20framework%20for%20the%20integrated%20analysis%20of%20crises%20across%20climate%2C%20energy%2C%20food%2C%20economic%2C%20terror%20and%20the%20police%20state.%20Since%20the%202008%20financial%20crash%2C%20the%20world%20has%20witnessed%20an%20unprecedented%20outbreak%20of%20social%20unrest%20in%20every%20major%20continent.%20Beginning%20with%20the%20birth%20of%20the%20Occupy%20movement%20and%20the%20Arab%20Spring%2C%20the%20eruption%20of%20civil%20disorder%20continues%20to%20wreak%20havoc%20unpredictably%20from%20Greece%20to%20Ukraine%2C%20from%20China%20to%20Thailand%2C%20from%20Brazil%20to%20Turkey%2C%20and%20beyond.%20Yet%20while%20policymakers%20and%20media%20observers%20have%20raced%20to%20keep%20up%20with%20events%2C%20they%20have%20largely%20missed%20the%20biophysical%20triggers%20of%20this%20new%20age%20of%20unrest%20%5Cu2013%20the%20end%20of%20the%20age%20of%20cheap%20fossil%20fuels%2C%20and%20its%20multiplying%20consequences%20for%20the%20Earth%27s%20climate%2C%20industrial%20food%20production%2C%20and%20economic%20growth.%20This%20book%20for%20the%20first%20time%20develops%20an%20empirically-ground%20theoretical%20model%20of%20the%20complex%20interaction%20between%20biophysical%20processes%20and%20geopolitical%20crises%2C%20demonstrated%20through%20the%20analysis%20of%20a%20wide%20range%20of%20detailed%20case%20studies%20of%20historic%2C%20concurrent%20and%20probable%20state%20failures%20in%20the%20Middle%20East%2C%20Northwest%20Africa%2C%20South%20and%20Southeast%20Asia%2C%20Europe%20and%20North%20America.%20Geopolitical%20crises%20across%20these%20regions%2C%20Ahmed%20argues%2C%20are%20being%20driven%20by%20the%20proliferation%20of%20climate%2C%20food%20and%20economic%20crises%20which%20have%20at%20their%20root%20the%20common%20denominator%20of%20a%20fundamental%20and%20permanent%20disruption%20in%20the%20energy%20basis%20of%20industrial%20civilization.%20This%20inevitable%20energy%20transition%2C%20which%20will%20be%20completed%20well%20before%20the%20close%20of%20this%20century%2C%20entails%20a%20paradigm%20shift%20in%20the%20organization%20of%20civilization.%20Yet%20for%20this%20shift%20to%20result%20in%20a%20viable%20new%20way%20of%20life%20will%20require%20a%20fundamental%20epistemological%20shift%20recognizing%20humanity%27s%20embeddedness%20in%20the%20natural%20world.%20For%20this%20to%20be%20achieved%2C%20the%20stranglehold%20of%20conventional%20models%20achieved%20through%20the%20hegemony%20of%20establishment%20media%20reporting%20%5Cu2013%20dominated%20by%20fossil%20fuel%20interests%20%5Cu2013%20must%20be%20broken.%20While%20geopolitics%20cannot%20be%20simplistically%20reduced%20to%20the%20biophysical%2C%20this%20book%20shows%20that%20international%20relations%20today%20can%20only%20be%20understood%20by%20recognizing%20the%20extent%20to%20which%20the%20political%20is%20embedded%20in%20the%20biophysical.%20Although%20the%20book%20offers%20a%20rigorous%20scientific%20analysis%2C%20it%20is%20written%20in%20a%20clean%2C%20journalistic%20style%20to%20ensure%20readability%20and%20accessibility%20to%20a%20general%20audience.%20It%20will%20contain%20a%20large%20number%20of%20graphical%20illustrations%20concerning%20oil%20production%20data%2C%20population%20issues%2C%20the%20food%20price%20index%2C%20economic%20growth%20and%20debt%2C%20and%20other%20related%20issues%20to%20demonstrate%20the%20interconnections%20and%20correlations%20across%20key%20sectors.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-3-319-47816-6%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2F978-3-319-47816-6%7B%5C%5C_%7D1%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A02%3A02Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22NGKR5B24%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Aiello-Lammens%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017-04-23%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAiello-Lammens%2C%20M.%20E.%2C%20Slingsby%2C%20J.%20A.%2C%20Merow%2C%20C.%2C%20Mollmann%2C%20H.%20K.%2C%20Euston-Brown%2C%20D.%2C%20Jones%2C%20C.%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Silander%2C%20J.%20A.%2C%20Jr.%20%282017%29.%20Processes%20of%20community%20assembly%20in%20an%20environmentally%20heterogeneous%2C%20high%20biodiversity%20region.%20%3Ci%3EEcography%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E40%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29%2C%20561%26%23×2013%3B576.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fecog.01945%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fecog.01945%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DNGKR5B24%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Processes%20of%20community%20assembly%20in%20an%20environmentally%20heterogeneous%2C%20high%20biodiversity%20region%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Matthew%20E%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Aiello-Lammens%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jasper%20A%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Slingsby%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cory%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Merow%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hayley%20Kilroy%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mollmann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Douglas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Euston-Brown%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cynthia%20S%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jones%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%20A%2C%20Jr%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Silander%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Despite%20decades%20of%20study%2C%20the%20relative%20importance%20of%20niche-based%20versus%5Cnneutral%20processes%20in%20community%20assembly%20remains%20largely%20ambiguous.%20Recent%5Cnwork%20suggests%20niche-based%20processes%20are%20more%20easily%20detectable%20at%20coarser%5Cnspatial%20scales%2C%20while%20neutrality%20dominates%20at%20finer%20scales.%20Analyses%20of%5Cnfunctional%20traits%20with%20multi-year%20multi-site%20biodiversity%20inventories%20may%5Cnprovide%20deeper%20insights%20into%20assembly%20processes%20and%20the%20effects%20of%20spatial%5Cnscale.%20We%20examined%20associations%20between%20community%20composition%2C%20species%5Cnfunctional%20traits%2C%20and%20environmental%20conditions%20for%20plant%20communities%20in%5Cnthe%20Kouga-Baviaanskloof%20region%2C%20an%20area%20within%20South%20Africa%27s%20Cape%5CnFloristic%20Region%20%28CFR%29%20containing%20high%20%5Cu03b1%20and%20%3F%20diversity.%20This%20region%5Cncontains%20strong%20climatic%20gradients%20and%20topographic%20heterogeneity%2C%20and%20is%5Cncomprised%20of%20distinct%20vegetation%20classes%20with%20varying%20fire%20histories%2C%5Cnmaking%20it%20an%20ideal%20location%20to%20assess%20the%20role%20of%20niche-based%5Cnenvironmental%20filtering%20on%20community%20composition%20by%20examining%20how%20traits%5Cnvary%20with%20environment.%20We%20combined%20functional%20trait%20measurements%20for%20over%5Cn300%20species%20with%20observations%20from%20vegetation%20surveys%20carried%20out%20in%5Cn1991%5C%2F1992%20and%20repeated%20in%202011%5C%2F2012.%20We%20applied%20redundancy%20analysis%2C%5Cnquantile%20regression%2C%20and%20null%20model%20tests%20to%20examine%20trends%20in%20species%5Cnturnover%20and%20functional%20traits%20along%20environmental%20gradients%20in%20space%20and%5Cnthrough%20time.%20Functional%20trait%20values%20were%20weakly%20associated%20with%20most%5Cnspatial%20environmental%20gradients%20and%20only%20showed%20trends%20with%20respect%20to%5Cnvegetation%20class%20and%20time%20since%20fire.%20However%2C%20survey%20plots%20showed%20greater%5Cncompositional%20and%20functional%20stability%20through%20time%20than%20expected%20based%20on%5Cnnull%20models.%20Taken%20together%2C%20we%20found%20clear%20evidence%20for%20functional%5Cndistinctions%20between%20vegetation%20classes%2C%20suggesting%20strong%20environmental%5Cnfiltering%20at%20this%20scale%2C%20most%20likely%20driven%20by%20fire%20dynamics.%20In%20contrast%2C%5Cnthere%20was%20little%20evidence%20of%20filtering%20effects%20along%20environmental%5Cngradients%20within%20vegetation%20classes%2C%20suggesting%20that%20assembly%20processes%5Cnare%20largely%20neutral%20at%20this%20scale%2C%20likely%20the%20result%20of%20very%20high%5Cnfunctional%20redundancy%20among%20species%20in%20the%20regional%20species%20pool.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22April%2023%2C%202017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fecog.01945%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220906-7590%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.wiley.com%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fecog.01945%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22UUZBHCVC%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-10-22T11%3A16%3A30Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22S7TR566U%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22All%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAll%2C%20U.%20T.%20C.%20%282017%29.%20%3Ci%3ETree%20Community%20Dynamics%20in%20a%20Humid%20Savanna%20of%20the%20Cote-d%20%26%23×2019%3B%20Ivoire%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20Modelling%20the%20Effects%20of%20Fire%20and%20Competition%20with%20Grass%20and%20Neighbours%20Author%20%28%20s%20%29%3A%20J%20.%20C%20.%20Menaut%20%2C%20J%20.%20Gignoux%20%2C%20C%20.%20Prado%20and%20J%20.%20Clobert%20Australian%20Perspectives%20and%20Intercontinental%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ci%3E17%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29%2C%20471%26%23×2013%3B481.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DS7TR566U%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Tree%20Community%20Dynamics%20in%20a%20Humid%20Savanna%20of%20the%20Cote-d%20%27%20Ivoire%20%3A%20Modelling%20the%20Effects%20of%20Fire%20and%20Competition%20with%20Grass%20and%20Neighbours%20Author%20%28%20s%20%29%3A%20J%20.%20C%20.%20Menaut%20%2C%20J%20.%20Gignoux%20%2C%20C%20.%20Prado%20and%20J%20.%20Clobert%20Australian%20Perspectives%20and%20Intercontinental%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22U%20T%20C%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22All%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A07%3A47Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22XRHI7GL8%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Andela%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAndela%2C%20N.%2C%20Morton%2C%20D.%20C.%2C%20Giglio%2C%20L.%2C%20Chen%2C%20Y.%2C%20van%20der%20Werf%2C%20G.%20R.%2C%20Kasibhatla%2C%20P.%20S.%2C%20Defries%2C%20R.%20S.%2C%20Collatz%2C%20G.%20J.%2C%20Hantson%2C%20S.%2C%20Kloster%2C%20S.%2C%20Bachelet%2C%20D.%2C%20Forrest%2C%20M.%2C%20Lasslop%2C%20G.%2C%20Li%2C%20F.%2C%20Mangeon%2C%20S.%2C%20Melton%2C%20J.%2C%20Yue%2C%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Randerson%2C%20J.%20T.%20%282017%29.%20A%20human-driven%20decline%20in%20global%20burned%20area.%20%3Ci%3EScience%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E356%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%28June%29%2C%201356%26%23×2013%3B1362.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1126%5C%2Fscience.aal4108%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1126%5C%2Fscience.aal4108%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DXRHI7GL8%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20human-driven%20decline%20in%20global%20burned%20area%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Andela%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Morton%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Giglio%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20R%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22van%20der%20Werf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Prasad%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kasibhatla%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ruth%20S%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Defries%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Collatz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stijn%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hantson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Silvia%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kloster%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dominique%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bachelet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Matthew%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Forrest%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gitta%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lasslop%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fang%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Li%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mangeon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joe%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Melton%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yue%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22James%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Randerson%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1126%5C%2Fscience.aal4108%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A15%3A37Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22NQPIZKPZ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Anthropology%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAnthropology%2C%20A.%20%282017%29.%20%3Ci%3EAuto-Ethnography%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20Paradigms%20%2C%20Problems%20%2C%20and%20Prospects%20Author%20%28%20s%20%29%3A%20David%20M%20.%20Hayano%20Published%20by%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20Society%20for%20Applied%20Anthropology%20Stable%20URL%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.jstor.org%5C%2Fstable%5C%2F44125560%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ci%3E38%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%2099%26%23×2013%3B104.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DNQPIZKPZ%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Auto-Ethnography%20%3A%20Paradigms%20%2C%20Problems%20%2C%20and%20Prospects%20Author%20%28%20s%20%29%3A%20David%20M%20.%20Hayano%20Published%20by%20%3A%20Society%20for%20Applied%20Anthropology%20Stable%20URL%20%3A%20http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.jstor.org%5C%2Fstable%5C%2F44125560%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Applied%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Anthropology%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A02%3A58Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22K6S3M2JZ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Armstrong%20and%20Blackmore%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EArmstrong%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Blackmore%2C%20A.%20%282017%29.%20Tsetse%20flies%20should%20remain%20in%20protected%20areas%20in%20Kwazulu-Natal.%20%3Ci%3EKoedoe%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E59%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.4102%5C%2Fkoedoe.v59i1.1432%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.4102%5C%2Fkoedoe.v59i1.1432%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DK6S3M2JZ%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Tsetse%20flies%20should%20remain%20in%20protected%20areas%20in%20Kwazulu-Natal%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adrian%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Armstrong%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andy%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Blackmore%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20proposal%20to%20eradicate%20tsetse%20flies%20from%20South%20Africa%2C%20including%20its%20protected%20areas%2C%20via%20the%20sequential%20aerosol%20technique%20combined%20with%20the%20sterile%20insect%20technique%20to%20reduce%20trypanosomiasis%20in%20cattle%20did%20not%20present%20an%20appropriate%20analysis%20of%20the%20impacts%20that%20implementation%20of%20the%20proposal%20would%20have%20on%20biodiversity.%20Not%20only%20would%20the%20implementation%20of%20the%20proposal%20be%20contrary%20to%20South%20African%20laws%20protecting%20and%20conserving%20biodiversity%2C%20but%20it%20would%20also%20have%20negative%20consequences%20for%20the%20conservation%20of%20biodiversity.%20Some%20of%20the%20negative%20consequences%20are%20reviewed%2C%20including%20extirpations%20and%20negative%20impacts%20on%20ecological%20and%20ecosystem%20processes%20and%20services.%20Alternative%20strategies%20to%20control%20trypanosomiasis%20in%20cattle%20effectively%20in%20a%20more%20environment-friendly%20manner%20are%20presently%20available%20and%20others%20will%20almost%20certainly%20become%20available%20in%20the%20not-too-distant%20future.%20Conservation%20implications%3A%20Environmental%20protection%2C%20promotion%20of%20conservation%20and%20sustainable%20use%20of%20the%20environment%20are%20all%20deeply%20seated%20in%20South%20Africa%27s%20law.%20Rural%20livestock%20husbandry%20considerations%20and%20biodiversity%20conservation%20are%20not%20mutually%20exclusive%20and%20the%20importance%20of%20one%20cannot%20supersede%20the%20other.%20The%20eradication%20proposal%20is%20seen%20to%20be%20environmentally%20damaging%20and%20therefore%20it%20is%20concluded%20that%20the%20purpose%20of%20this%20proposed%20eradication%20exercise%20is%20unconstitutional%2C%20contrary%20to%20various%20multilateral%20agreements%20South%20Africa%20has%20entered%20into%20and%20contrary%20to%20good%20environmental%20governance.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.4102%5C%2Fkoedoe.v59i1.1432%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2220710771%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A53%3A12Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22NZ5JHC25%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bean%20and%20Science%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBean%2C%20M.%20L.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Science%2C%20L.%20%282017%29.%20%3Ci%3EMonte%20L%20.%20Bean%20Life%20Science%20Museum%20%2C%20Brigham%20Young%20University%20RESPONSE%20OF%20A%20SONORAN%20RIPARIAN%20FOREST%20TO%20A%2010-YEAR%20RETURN%20FLOOD%20Author%20%28%20s%20%29%3A%20J%20.%20C%20.%20Stromberg%20%2C%20B%20.%20D%20.%20Richter%20%2C%20D%20.%20T%20.%20Patten%20and%20L%20.%20G%20.%20Wolden%20Published%20by%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20Monte%20L%20.%20Bean%20Life%20Science%20Museum%20%2C%20Brigham%20Young%20University%20Stable%20URL%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.jstor.org%5C%2Fstable%5C%2F41712765%20REFERENCES%20Linked%20references%20are%20available%20on%20JSTOR%20for%20this%20article%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20You%20may%20need%20to%20log%20in%20to%20JSTOR%20to%20access%20the%20linked%20references%20.%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%3Ci%3E53%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20118%26%23×2013%3B130.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DNZ5JHC25%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Monte%20L%20.%20Bean%20Life%20Science%20Museum%20%2C%20Brigham%20Young%20University%20RESPONSE%20OF%20A%20SONORAN%20RIPARIAN%20FOREST%20TO%20A%2010-YEAR%20RETURN%20FLOOD%20Author%20%28%20s%20%29%3A%20J%20.%20C%20.%20Stromberg%20%2C%20B%20.%20D%20.%20Richter%20%2C%20D%20.%20T%20.%20Patten%20and%20L%20.%20G%20.%20Wolden%20Published%20by%20%3A%20Monte%20L%20.%20Bean%20Life%20Science%20Museum%20%2C%20Brigham%20Young%20University%20Stable%20URL%20%3A%20http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.jstor.org%5C%2Fstable%5C%2F41712765%20REFERENCES%20Linked%20references%20are%20available%20on%20JSTOR%20for%20this%20article%20%3A%20You%20may%20need%20to%20log%20in%20to%20JSTOR%20to%20access%20the%20linked%20references%20.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Monte%20L%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bean%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Life%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Science%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A57%3A48Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%224AVWHW3W%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Botanical%20and%20Press%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBotanical%2C%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Press%2C%20G.%20%282017%29.%20%3Ci%3EGraminoid%20Responses%20to%20Grazing%20by%20Large%20Herbivores%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20Adaptations%20%2C%20Exaptations%20%2C%20and%20Interacting%20Processes%20Author%20%28%20s%20%29%3A%20Michael%20B%20.%20Coughenour%20Source%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20Annals%20of%20the%20Missouri%20Botanical%20Garden%20%2C%20Vol%20.%2072%20%2C%20No%20.%204%20%28%201985%20%29%2C%20pp%20.%20852-863%20Published%20by%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20Miss%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ci%3E72%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29%2C%20852%26%23×2013%3B863.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D4AVWHW3W%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Graminoid%20Responses%20to%20Grazing%20by%20Large%20Herbivores%20%3A%20Adaptations%20%2C%20Exaptations%20%2C%20and%20Interacting%20Processes%20Author%20%28%20s%20%29%3A%20Michael%20B%20.%20Coughenour%20Source%20%3A%20Annals%20of%20the%20Missouri%20Botanical%20Garden%20%2C%20Vol%20.%2072%20%2C%20No%20.%204%20%28%201985%20%29%2C%20pp%20.%20852-863%20Published%20by%20%3A%20Miss%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Missouri%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Botanical%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Garden%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Press%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A54%3A55Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22D6TIG7R5%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Boysen%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBoysen%2C%20L.%20R.%2C%20Lucht%2C%20W.%2C%20Schellnhuber%2C%20H.%20J.%2C%20Gerten%2C%20D.%2C%20Heck%2C%20V.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Lenton%2C%20T.%20M.%20%282017%29.%20The%20limits%20to%20global-warming%20mitigation%20by%20terrestrial%20carbon%20removal.%20%3Ci%3EEarth%26%23×2019%3Bs%20Future%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E5%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%201%26%23×2013%3B12.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Feft2.203%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Feft2.203%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DD6TIG7R5%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20limits%20to%20global-warming%20mitigation%20by%20terrestrial%20carbon%20removal%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lena%20R%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Boysen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wolfgang%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lucht%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hans%20Joachim%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schellnhuber%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dieter%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gerten%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Vera%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Heck%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Timothy%20M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lenton%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2Feft2.203%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2223284277%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A15%3A40Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22JT5S2DWL%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Brandt%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBrandt%2C%20M.%2C%20Rasmussen%2C%20K.%2C%20Pe%26%23xF1%3Buelas%2C%20J.%2C%20Tian%2C%20F.%2C%20Schurgers%2C%20G.%2C%20Verger%2C%20A.%2C%20Mertz%2C%20O.%2C%20Palmer%2C%20J.%20R.%20B.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Fensholt%2C%20R.%20%282017%29.%20Human%20population%20growth%20offsets%20climate-driven%20increase%20in%20woody%20vegetation%20in%20sub-Saharan%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3ENature%20Ecology%20and%20Evolution%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E1%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29%2C%204%26%23×2013%3B9.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41559-017-0081%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41559-017-0081%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DJT5S2DWL%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Human%20population%20growth%20offsets%20climate-driven%20increase%20in%20woody%20vegetation%20in%20sub-Saharan%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Brandt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kjeld%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rasmussen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Josep%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pe%5Cu00f1uelas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Feng%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tian%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Guy%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schurgers%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Aleixandre%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Verger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ole%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mertz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%20R.B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Palmer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rasmus%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fensholt%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20rapidly%20growing%20human%20population%20in%20sub-Saharan%20Africa%20generates%20increasing%20demand%20for%20agricultural%20land%20and%20forest%20products%2C%20which%20presumably%20leads%20to%20deforestation.%20Conversely%2C%20a%20greening%20of%20African%20drylands%20has%20been%20reported%2C%20but%20this%20has%20been%20difficult%20to%20associate%20with%20changes%20in%20woody%20vegetation.%20There%20is%20thus%20an%20incomplete%20understanding%20of%20how%20woody%20vegetation%20responds%20to%20socio-economic%20and%20environmental%20change.%20Here%20we%20used%20a%20passive%20microwave%20Earth%20observation%20data%20set%20to%20document%20two%20different%20trends%20in%20land%20area%20with%20woody%20cover%20for%201992-2011%3A%2036%25%20of%20the%20land%20area%20%286%2C870%2C000%20km2%29%20had%20an%20increase%20in%20woody%20cover%20largely%20in%20drylands%2C%20and%2011%25%20had%20a%20decrease%20%282%2C150%2C000%20km2%29%2C%20mostly%20in%20humid%20zones.%20Increases%20in%20woody%20cover%20were%20associated%20with%20low%20population%20growth%2C%20and%20were%20driven%20by%20increases%20in%20CO2%20in%20the%20humid%20zones%20and%20by%20increases%20in%20precipitation%20in%20drylands%2C%20whereas%20decreases%20in%20woody%20cover%20were%20associated%20with%20high%20population%20growth.%20The%20spatially%20distinct%20pattern%20of%20these%20opposing%20trends%20reflects%2C%20first%2C%20the%20natural%20response%20of%20vegetation%20to%20precipitation%20and%20atmospheric%20CO2%2C%20and%20second%2C%20deforestation%20in%20humid%20areas%2C%20minor%20in%20size%20but%20important%20for%20ecosystem%20services%2C%20such%20as%20biodiversity%20and%20carbon%20stocks.%20This%20nuanced%20picture%20of%20changes%20in%20woody%20cover%20challenges%20widely%20held%20views%20of%20a%20general%20and%20ongoing%20reduction%20of%20the%20woody%20vegetation%20in%20Africa.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1038%5C%2Fs41559-017-0081%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222397334X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A58%3A05Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22WKIT5FS9%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Brandt%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBrandt%2C%20M.%2C%20Rasmussen%2C%20K.%2C%20Pe%26%23xF1%3Buelas%2C%20J.%2C%20Tian%2C%20F.%2C%20Schurgers%2C%20G.%2C%20Verger%2C%20A.%2C%20Mertz%2C%20O.%2C%20Palmer%2C%20J.%20R.%20B.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Fensholt%2C%20R.%20%282017%29.%20Human%20population%20growth%20offsets%20climate-driven%20increase%20in%20woody%20vegetation%20in%20sub-Saharan%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3ENature%20Ecology%20and%20Evolution%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E1%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29%2C%201%26%23×2013%3B8.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41559-017-0081%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41559-017-0081%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DWKIT5FS9%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Human%20population%20growth%20offsets%20climate-driven%20increase%20in%20woody%20vegetation%20in%20sub-Saharan%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Brandt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kjeld%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rasmussen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Josep%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pe%5Cu00f1uelas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Feng%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tian%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Guy%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schurgers%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Aleixandre%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Verger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ole%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mertz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%20R.B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Palmer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rasmus%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fensholt%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20rapidly%20growing%20human%20population%20in%20sub-Saharan%20Africa%20generates%20increasing%20demand%20for%20agricultural%20land%20and%20forest%20products%2C%20which%20presumably%20leads%20to%20deforestation.%20Conversely%2C%20a%20greening%20of%20African%20drylands%20has%20been%20reported%2C%20but%20this%20has%20been%20difficult%20to%20associate%20with%20changes%20in%20woody%20vegetation.%20There%20is%20thus%20an%20incomplete%20understanding%20of%20how%20woody%20vegetation%20responds%20to%20socio-economic%20and%20environmental%20change.%20Here%20we%20used%20a%20passive%20microwave%20Earth%20observation%20data%20set%20to%20document%20two%20different%20trends%20in%20land%20area%20with%20woody%20cover%20for%201992-2011%3A%2036%25%20of%20the%20land%20area%20%286%2C870%2C000%20km2%29%20had%20an%20increase%20in%20woody%20cover%20largely%20in%20drylands%2C%20and%2011%25%20had%20a%20decrease%20%282%2C150%2C000%20km2%29%2C%20mostly%20in%20humid%20zones.%20Increases%20in%20woody%20cover%20were%20associated%20with%20low%20population%20growth%2C%20and%20were%20driven%20by%20increases%20in%20CO2%20in%20the%20humid%20zones%20and%20by%20increases%20in%20precipitation%20in%20drylands%2C%20whereas%20decreases%20in%20woody%20cover%20were%20associated%20with%20high%20population%20growth.%20The%20spatially%20distinct%20pattern%20of%20these%20opposing%20trends%20reflects%2C%20first%2C%20the%20natural%20response%20of%20vegetation%20to%20precipitation%20and%20atmospheric%20CO2%2C%20and%20second%2C%20deforestation%20in%20humid%20areas%2C%20minor%20in%20size%20but%20important%20for%20ecosystem%20services%2C%20such%20as%20biodiversity%20and%20carbon%20stocks.%20This%20nuanced%20picture%20of%20changes%20in%20woody%20cover%20challenges%20widely%20held%20views%20of%20a%20general%20and%20ongoing%20reduction%20of%20the%20woody%20vegetation%20in%20Africa.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1038%5C%2Fs41559-017-0081%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222397334X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A58%3A07Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22BS489M94%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A7278126%2C%22username%22%3A%22drdavethompson%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fdrdavethompson%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Burkepile%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBurkepile%2C%20D.%20E.%2C%20Fynn%2C%20R.%20W.%20S.%2C%20Thompson%2C%20D.%20I.%2C%20Lemoine%2C%20N.%20P.%2C%20Koerner%2C%20S.%20E.%2C%20Eby%2C%20S.%2C%20Hagenah%2C%20N.%2C%20Wilcox%2C%20K.%20R.%2C%20Collins%2C%20S.%20L.%2C%20Kirkman%2C%20K.%20P.%2C%20Knapp%2C%20A.%20K.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Smith%2C%20M.%20D.%20%282017%29.%20Herbivore%20size%20matters%20for%20productivity%26%23×2013%3Brichness%20relationships%20in%20African%20savannas.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Ecology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E105%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%20674%26%23×2013%3B686.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2F1365-2745.12714%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2F1365-2745.12714%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DBS489M94%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Herbivore%20size%20matters%20for%20productivity%5Cu2013richness%20relationships%20in%20African%20savannas%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Deron%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Burkepile%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Richard%20W.S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fynn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dave%20I.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thompson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nathan%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lemoine%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sally%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Koerner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stephanie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Eby%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicole%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hagenah%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kevin%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wilcox%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Scott%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Collins%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kevin%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kirkman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alan%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Knapp%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Melinda%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Smith%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Productivity%20and%20herbivory%20often%20interact%20to%20shape%20plant%20community%20composition%20and%20species%20richness%20with%20levels%20of%20production%20mediating%20the%20impact%20of%20herbivory.%20However%2C%20differences%20in%20herbivore%20traits%20such%20as%20size%2C%20feeding%20guild%20and%20dietary%20requirements%20may%20result%20in%20different%20impacts%20of%20diverse%20herbivore%20guilds%20across%20productivity%20gradients.%20We%20used%20size-selective%20herbivore%20exclosures%20to%20separate%20the%20effects%20of%20herbivory%20by%20larger%20herbivores%2C%20such%20as%20elephant%2C%20Burchell%27s%20zebra%20and%20blue%20wildebeest%20from%20those%20of%20medium%5C%2Fsmaller%20herbivores%2C%20such%20as%20impala%20and%20warthog%2C%20on%20herbaceous%20plant%20communities.%20These%20exclosures%20were%20established%20along%20a%2010-fold%20productivity%20gradient%2C%20ranging%20from%2090%20to%20950%20g%20m%5Cu22122%20of%20standing%20plant%20biomass%20in%20the%20Kruger%20National%20Park%2C%20South%20Africa.%20Exclusion%20of%20all%20herbivores%20generally%20increased%20plant%20species%20richness%20at%20low%20productivity%2C%20but%20decreased%20richness%20at%20high%20productivity.%20Exclusion%20of%20medium%5C%2Fsmaller%20herbivores%20%28e.g.%20impala%2C%20warthog%29%20showed%20stronger%20effects%20on%20plant%20richness%2C%20particularly%20loss%20of%20forbs%2C%20at%20higher%20productivity%20rather%20than%20at%20lower%20productivity.%20In%20contrast%2C%20exclusion%20of%20larger%20herbivores%20had%20stronger%20effects%20on%20plant%20richness%2C%20typically%20with%20increasing%20forb%20richness%2C%20at%20low%20rather%20than%20high%20productivity.%20The%20change%20in%20species%20richness%20appeared%20linked%20to%20changes%20in%20light%20availability%20following%20herbivore%20exclusion.%20Strong%20increases%20in%20shading%20led%20to%20declines%20in%20species%20richness%20while%20more%20moderate%20increases%20in%20shading%20led%20to%20increases%20in%20species%20richness%2C%20possibly%20due%20to%20amelioration%20of%20heat%20and%20water%20stress%20by%20modest%20increases%20in%20shading.%20Increasing%20plant%20dominance%2C%20which%20likely%20alters%20multiple%20mechanisms%20of%20plant%20interactions%2C%20was%20correlated%20with%20declines%20in%20plant%20richness%20following%20herbivore%20exclusion.%20The%20impact%20of%20increasing%20dominance%20on%20plant%20richness%20operated%20independent%20of%20productivity%2C%20with%20the%20exclusion%20of%20impala%20appearing%20particularly%20important%20in%20driving%20this%20relationship.%20Synthesis.%20We%20show%20that%20the%20impact%20of%20herbivore%20losses%20on%20plant%20diversity%20will%20be%20strongly%20situation%20dependent%20and%20will%20vary%20with%20the%20herbivores%20lost%20%28e.g.%20larger%20vs.%20smaller%2C%20grazers%20vs.%20browsers%29%2C%20plant%20functional%20type%20%28e.g.%20grasses%20vs.%20forbs%29%20and%20environmental%20context%20%28e.g.%20productivity%29.%20Although%20larger%20herbivores%20are%20often%20emphasized%20for%20their%20strong%20impacts%20on%20community%20dynamics%20and%20ecosystem%20processes%2C%20we%20show%20that%20smaller%2C%20abundant%20herbivores%20can%20exert%20strong%20top-down%20control%20on%20plant%20communities.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2F1365-2745.12714%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2213652745%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%228VPML3VD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-04T13%3A02%3A59Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%225BQRWC9N%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Burkepile%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBurkepile%2C%20D.%20E.%2C%20Fynn%2C%20R.%20W.%20S.%2C%20Thompson%2C%20D.%20I.%2C%20Lemoine%2C%20N.%20P.%2C%20Koerner%2C%20S.%20E.%2C%20Eby%2C%20S.%2C%20Hagenah%2C%20N.%2C%20Wilcox%2C%20K.%20R.%2C%20Collins%2C%20S.%20L.%2C%20Kirkman%2C%20K.%20P.%2C%20Knapp%2C%20A.%20K.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Smith%2C%20M.%20D.%20%282017%29.%20Herbivore%20size%20matters%20for%20productivity%26%23×2013%3Brichness%20relationships%20in%20African%20savannas.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Ecology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E105%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%20674%26%23×2013%3B686.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2F1365-2745.12714%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2F1365-2745.12714%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D5BQRWC9N%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Herbivore%20size%20matters%20for%20productivity%5Cu2013richness%20relationships%20in%20African%20savannas%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Deron%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Burkepile%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Richard%20W.S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fynn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dave%20I.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thompson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nathan%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lemoine%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sally%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Koerner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stephanie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Eby%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicole%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hagenah%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kevin%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wilcox%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Scott%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Collins%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kevin%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kirkman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alan%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Knapp%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Melinda%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Smith%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Productivity%20and%20herbivory%20often%20interact%20to%20shape%20plant%20community%20composition%20and%20species%20richness%20with%20levels%20of%20production%20mediating%20the%20impact%20of%20herbivory.%20However%2C%20differences%20in%20herbivore%20traits%20such%20as%20size%2C%20feeding%20guild%20and%20dietary%20requirements%20may%20result%20in%20different%20impacts%20of%20diverse%20herbivore%20guilds%20across%20productivity%20gradients.%20We%20used%20size-selective%20herbivore%20exclosures%20to%20separate%20the%20effects%20of%20herbivory%20by%20larger%20herbivores%2C%20such%20as%20elephant%2C%20Burchell%27s%20zebra%20and%20blue%20wildebeest%20from%20those%20of%20medium%5C%2Fsmaller%20herbivores%2C%20such%20as%20impala%20and%20warthog%2C%20on%20herbaceous%20plant%20communities.%20These%20exclosures%20were%20established%20along%20a%2010-fold%20productivity%20gradient%2C%20ranging%20from%2090%20to%20950%20g%20m%5Cu22122%20of%20standing%20plant%20biomass%20in%20the%20Kruger%20National%20Park%2C%20South%20Africa.%20Exclusion%20of%20all%20herbivores%20generally%20increased%20plant%20species%20richness%20at%20low%20productivity%2C%20but%20decreased%20richness%20at%20high%20productivity.%20Exclusion%20of%20medium%5C%2Fsmaller%20herbivores%20%28e.g.%20impala%2C%20warthog%29%20showed%20stronger%20effects%20on%20plant%20richness%2C%20particularly%20loss%20of%20forbs%2C%20at%20higher%20productivity%20rather%20than%20at%20lower%20productivity.%20In%20contrast%2C%20exclusion%20of%20larger%20herbivores%20had%20stronger%20effects%20on%20plant%20richness%2C%20typically%20with%20increasing%20forb%20richness%2C%20at%20low%20rather%20than%20high%20productivity.%20The%20change%20in%20species%20richness%20appeared%20linked%20to%20changes%20in%20light%20availability%20following%20herbivore%20exclusion.%20Strong%20increases%20in%20shading%20led%20to%20declines%20in%20species%20richness%20while%20more%20moderate%20increases%20in%20shading%20led%20to%20increases%20in%20species%20richness%2C%20possibly%20due%20to%20amelioration%20of%20heat%20and%20water%20stress%20by%20modest%20increases%20in%20shading.%20Increasing%20plant%20dominance%2C%20which%20likely%20alters%20multiple%20mechanisms%20of%20plant%20interactions%2C%20was%20correlated%20with%20declines%20in%20plant%20richness%20following%20herbivore%20exclusion.%20The%20impact%20of%20increasing%20dominance%20on%20plant%20richness%20operated%20independent%20of%20productivity%2C%20with%20the%20exclusion%20of%20impala%20appearing%20particularly%20important%20in%20driving%20this%20relationship.%20Synthesis.%20We%20show%20that%20the%20impact%20of%20herbivore%20losses%20on%20plant%20diversity%20will%20be%20strongly%20situation%20dependent%20and%20will%20vary%20with%20the%20herbivores%20lost%20%28e.g.%20larger%20vs.%20smaller%2C%20grazers%20vs.%20browsers%29%2C%20plant%20functional%20type%20%28e.g.%20grasses%20vs.%20forbs%29%20and%20environmental%20context%20%28e.g.%20productivity%29.%20Although%20larger%20herbivores%20are%20often%20emphasized%20for%20their%20strong%20impacts%20on%20community%20dynamics%20and%20ecosystem%20processes%2C%20we%20show%20that%20smaller%2C%20abundant%20herbivores%20can%20exert%20strong%20top-down%20control%20on%20plant%20communities.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2F1365-2745.12714%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2213652745%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A07%3A22Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22BCT99ZFT%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Case%20and%20Staver%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECase%2C%20M.%20F.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Staver%2C%20A.%20C.%20%282017%29.%20Fire%20prevents%20woody%20encroachment%20only%20at%20higher-than-historical%20frequencies%20in%20a%20South%20African%20savanna.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Applied%20Ecology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E54%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%20955%26%23×2013%3B962.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2F1365-2664.12805%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2F1365-2664.12805%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DBCT99ZFT%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Fire%20prevents%20woody%20encroachment%20only%20at%20higher-than-historical%20frequencies%20in%20a%20South%20African%20savanna%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Madelon%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Case%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20Carla%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Staver%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Woody%20encroachment%20is%20a%20pervasive%20challenge%20facing%20savanna%20and%20grassland%20managers%20world-wide.%20Proposed%20drivers%20of%20the%20phenomenon%20range%20from%20local%20changes%20in%20fire%2C%20herbivory%20and%20direct%20human%20impacts%2C%20to%20global%20changes%20in%20climate%20or%20atmospheric%20%5BCO2%5D%20that%20may%20be%20accelerating%20woody%20growth.%20The%20relative%20influences%20of%20local%20versus%20global%20drivers%20and%20their%20interactions%20are%20largely%20unknown%2C%20but%20will%20determine%20the%20extent%20to%20which%20management%20can%20limit%20woody%20encroachment%20locally.%20We%20examined%20recent%20woody%20encroachment%20in%20Hluhluwe%5Cu2013iMfolozi%20Park%20in%20South%20Africa%20from%202007%20to%202014.%20Vegetation%20transects%20were%20distributed%20across%20broad%20gradients%20in%20rainfall%2C%20herbivore%20use%20intensity%20and%20fire%20frequency%2C%20on%20a%20variety%20of%20soils.%20Density%20of%20medium%20trees%20%282%5Cu20134%20m%20tall%29%20increased%20dramatically%20%28by%2046%25%29%20in%20seven%20years%2C%20while%20densities%20of%20small%20and%20large%20trees%20remained%20constant.%20Increases%20in%20medium%20tree%20density%20were%20largest%20on%20sandy%20soils%2C%20where%20fires%20were%20infrequent%20and%20where%20grazing%20pressure%20increased.%20Tree%20density%20increased%20even%20where%20recent%20fire%20frequency%20was%20similar%20to%20historical%20fire%20regimes.%20These%20potentially%20widespread%20increases%2C%20unexplained%20by%20changes%20in%20local%20disturbance%20history%2C%20suggest%20the%20possible%20influence%20of%20drivers%20outside%20the%20scope%20of%20local%20control.%20Synthesis%20and%20applications.%20Fire%20can%20provide%20a%20limited%20buffer%20against%20generalized%20woody%20encroachment%20in%20savannas%2C%20but%20may%20only%20prevent%20further%20encroachment%20where%20managers%20can%20increase%20fire%20frequency.%20Grazing%2C%20which%20can%20limit%20fire%20frequency%20and%20intensity%2C%20may%20come%20increasingly%20into%20conflict%20with%20efforts%20to%20control%20woody%20encroachment%2C%20presenting%20a%20stark%20choice%20for%20savanna%20managers%20between%20maintenance%20of%20short-term%20grazer%20population%20productivity%20and%20longer-term%20prevention%20of%20woody%20encroachment.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2F1365-2664.12805%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2213652664%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A02%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22SDXKWFXW%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Chambers%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EChambers%2C%20L.%20E.%2C%20Barnard%2C%20P.%2C%20Poloczanska%2C%20E.%20S.%2C%20Hobday%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Keatley%2C%20M.%20R.%2C%20Allsopp%2C%20N.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Underhill%2C%20L.%20G.%20%282017%29.%20Southern%20hemisphere%20biodiversity%20and%20global%20change%3A%20data%20gaps%20and%20strategies.%20%3Ci%3EAustral%20Ecol.%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E42%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%2020%26%23×2013%3B30.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Faec.12391%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Faec.12391%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DSDXKWFXW%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Southern%20hemisphere%20biodiversity%20and%20global%20change%3A%20data%20gaps%20and%20strategies%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lynda%20E%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chambers%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Phoebe%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Barnard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elvira%20S%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Poloczanska%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alistair%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hobday%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marie%20R%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Keatley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicky%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Allsopp%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Les%20G%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Underhill%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Long%5Cu2010term%20datasets%20needed%20to%20detect%20the%20impacts%20of%20global%20change%20on%5Cnsouthern%20biodiversity%20are%20still%20scarce%20and%20often%20incomplete%2C%20challenging%5Cnadaptation%20planning%20and%20conservation%20management.%20Biological%20data%20are%5Cnprobably%20most%20limited%20in%20arid%20countries%20and%20from%20the%20%5Cu2026%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221442-9985%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Faec.12391%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22UUZBHCVC%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-10-22T11%3A16%3A30Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22TRRL6CG3%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Charles-Dominique%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECharles-Dominique%2C%20T.%2C%20Midgley%2C%20G.%20F.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Bond%2C%20W.%20J.%20%282017%29.%20Fire%20frequency%20filters%20species%20by%20bark%20traits%20in%20a%20savanna%26%23×2013%3Bforest%20mosaic.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Vegetation%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E28%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29%2C%20728%26%23×2013%3B735.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fjvs.12528%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fjvs.12528%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DTRRL6CG3%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Fire%20frequency%20filters%20species%20by%20bark%20traits%20in%20a%20savanna%5Cu2013forest%20mosaic%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tristan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Charles-Dominique%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Guy%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Midgley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bond%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Aims%3A%20Savanna%20and%20forest%20biomes%20co-occur%20across%20many%20subtropical%20landscapes%20in%20Africa%2C%20and%20can%20be%20differentiated%20by%20their%20fire%20regime%3A%20fires%20are%20more%20frequent%20in%20savannas%20compared%20to%20forests.%20Bark%20thickness%20is%20a%20key%20trait%20of%20savanna%20trees%2C%20promoting%20their%20survival%20in%20this%20context.%20The%20rate%20of%20bark%20production%20%28increment%5Cu00b7yr%5Cu22121%29%20should%20therefore%20be%20critical%20for%20determining%20how%20quickly%20a%20developing%20sapling%20would%20be%20protected%20or%20bark%20could%20regenerate%20between%20two%20fires.%20Despite%20this%2C%20the%20rate%20of%20bark%20production%20has%20seldom%20been%20measured%20in%20studies%20of%20fire-tolerant%20vs%20fire-intolerant%20species.%20Location%3A%20Hluhluwe-iMfolozi%20Game%20reserve%2C%20South%20Africa.%20Methods%3A%20We%20examined%20the%20distribution%20of%20woody%20species%20in%20a%20South%20African%20park%20over%20253%20sites%2C%20stratified%20by%20biome.%20We%20described%20the%20bark%20traits%20of%20the%2063%20most%20abundant%20species%20and%20related%20them%20to%20the%20fire%20frequencies%20of%20the%20sites%20where%20they%20occur.%20Results%3A%20Bark%20growth%20rate%20was%20a%20good%20predictor%20of%20woody%20plant%20persistence%20in%20fire-prone%20savanna%20ecosystems.%20A%20key%20exception%20was%20root-suckering%20species%2C%20which%20have%20their%20structure%20physically%20protected%20underground%20and%20can%20thus%20survive%20frequent%20fires%20while%20producing%20little%20bark.%20Conclusion%3A%20Species%20of%20different%20forest%20types%20and%20savanna%20have%20different%20bark%20characteristics%2C%20highlighting%20the%20important%20role%20played%20by%20fire%20in%20shaping%20biome%20distribution.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fjvs.12528%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2216541103%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A43%3A01Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22E43RE9L3%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Chen%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EChen%2C%20L.%2C%20Jing%2C%20X.%2C%20Flynn%2C%20D.%20F.%20B.%2C%20Shi%2C%20Y.%2C%20K%26%23xFC%3Bhn%2C%20P.%2C%20Scholten%2C%20T.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20He%2C%20J.%20S.%20%282017%29.%20Changes%20of%20carbon%20stocks%20in%20alpine%20grassland%20soils%20from%202002%20to%202011%20on%20the%20Tibetan%20Plateau%20and%20their%20climatic%20causes.%20%3Ci%3EGeoderma%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E288%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%28February%29%2C%20166%26%23×2013%3B174.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.geoderma.2016.11.016%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.geoderma.2016.11.016%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DE43RE9L3%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Changes%20of%20carbon%20stocks%20in%20alpine%20grassland%20soils%20from%202002%20to%202011%20on%20the%20Tibetan%20Plateau%20and%20their%20climatic%20causes%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Litong%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Xin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jing%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dan%20F.B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Flynn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yue%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22K%5Cu00fchn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thomas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Scholten%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jin%20Sheng%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22He%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Based%20on%20field%20observations%2C%20remote%20sensing%2C%20and%20modeling%2C%20recent%20studies%20have%20reported%20inconsistent%20changes%20in%20soil%20organic%20carbon%20%28SOC%29%20stocks%20in%20grasslands%20of%20the%20Tibetan%20Plateau%20over%20the%20past%20few%20decades.%20However%2C%20direct%20evidence%20about%20the%20changes%20in%20SOC%20stocks%20in%20the%20plateau%27s%20grasslands%20coming%20from%20in%20situ%2C%20site-by-site%2C%20repeated%20surveys%20is%20rare.%20In%20this%20study%2C%20we%20carried%20out%20a%20repeated%20soil%20sampling%20to%20assess%20the%20changes%20in%20SOC%20stocks%20in%20the%20alpine%20grasslands%20across%20the%20Tibetan%20Plateau.%20Across%20all%2041%20sites%20in%20the%20alpine%20grasslands%2C%20SOC%20stocks%20exhibited%20a%20significant%20increase%20from%202002%20to%202011%20at%20an%20overall%20rate%20of%204.66%20g%20C%20m%5Cu2212%202%20yr%5Cu2212%201.%20Mesic%20and%20low-temperature-limited%20alpine%20meadows%20showed%20an%20average%20carbon%20gain%20of%2025.8%20g%20C%20m%5Cu2212%202%20yr%5Cu2212%201%2C%20whereas%20the%20relatively%20dry%20alpine%20steppes%20exhibited%20a%20slight%20carbon%20loss%20of%2011.9%20g%20C%20m%5Cu2212%202%20yr%5Cu2212%201.%20Spatially%2C%20the%20changes%20in%20SOC%20stocks%20were%20significantly%20related%20to%20the%20original%20SOC%20stocks%20across%20alpine%20steppes%2C%20and%20soils%20with%20low%20carbon%20tended%20to%20gain%20carbon.%20Moreover%2C%20the%20changes%20in%20SOC%20stocks%20were%20also%20associated%20with%20March%5Cu2013April%20precipitation%20in%20alpine%20meadows%2C%20and%20with%20mean%20annual%20precipitation%20%28MAP%29%20in%20alpine%20steppes%2C%20with%20drier%20sites%20generally%20gaining%20carbon.%20Overall%2C%20the%20alpine%20grasslands%20of%20the%20Tibetan%20Plateau%20significantly%20accumulated%20SOC%20over%20this%2010-year%20period%2C%20but%20many%20more%20site%20surveys%20are%20needed%20to%20comprehensively%20access%20the%20changes%20in%20SOC%20stocks%20across%20alpine%20grasslands%20on%20the%20plateau%3B%20and%20management%20strategies%20enhancing%20the%20ability%20of%20C%20sequestration%20should%20differ%20between%20alpine%20meadows%20and%20steppes%20due%20to%20their%20contrasting%20climate%20conditions.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.geoderma.2016.11.016%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2200167061%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A59%3A06Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22KKATCJUD%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Clegg%20and%20O%27Connor%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EClegg%2C%20B.%20W.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20O%26%23×2019%3BConnor%2C%20T.%20G.%20%282017%29.%20Determinants%20of%20seasonal%20changes%20in%20availability%20of%20food%20patches%20for%20elephants%20%28Loxodonta%20africana%29%20in%20a%20semi-arid%20African%20savanna.%20%3Ci%3EPeerJ%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E2017%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%286%29%2C%201%26%23×2013%3B27.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.7717%5C%2Fpeerj.3453%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.7717%5C%2Fpeerj.3453%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DKKATCJUD%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Determinants%20of%20seasonal%20changes%20in%20availability%20of%20food%20patches%20for%20elephants%20%28Loxodonta%20africana%29%20in%20a%20semi-arid%20African%20savanna%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bruce%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Clegg%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Timothy%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22O%27Connor%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Loss%20of%20biodiversity%20caused%20by%20impact%20of%20elephants%20%28Loxodonta%20africana%29%20on%20African%20woodlands%20may%20require%20a%20management%20response%2C%20but%20any%20action%20should%20be%20based%20on%20an%20understanding%20of%20why%20elephants%20choose%20to%20utilise%20trees%20destructively.%20Comprehension%20of%20elephant%20feeding%20behaviour%20requires%20consideration%20of%20the%20relative%20value%20of%20the%20plant%20groups%20they%20may%20potentially%20consume.%20Profitability%20of%20available%20food%20is%20partly%20determined%20by%20the%20time%20to%20locate%20a%20food%20patch%20and%2C%20therefore%2C%20as%20a%20foundation%20for%20understanding%20the%20influence%20of%20food%20availability%20on%20diet%20selection%2C%20key%20controls%20on%20the%20density%20of%20grass%2C%20forb%2C%20and%20browse%20patches%20were%20investigated%20across%20space%20and%20time%20in%20a%20semi-arid%20African%20savanna.%20Density%20of%20food%20patches%20changed%20seasonally%20because%20plant%20life-forms%20required%20different%20volumes%20of%20soil%20water%20to%20produce%20green%20forage%3B%20and%20woody%20plants%20and%20forbs%20responded%20to%20long-term%20changes%20in%20soil%20moisture%2C%20while%20grasses%20responded%20to%20short-term%20moisture%20pulses.%20Soil%20texture%2C%20structure%20of%20woody%20vegetation%20and%20fire%20added%20further%20complexity%20by%20altering%20the%20soil%20water%20thresholds%20required%20for%20production%20of%20green%20forage.%20Interpolating%20between%20regularly-timed%2C%20ground-based%20measurements%20of%20food%20density%20by%20using%20modelled%20soil%20water%20as%20the%20predictor%20in%20regression%20equations%20may%20be%20a%20feasible%20method%20of%20quantifying%20food%20available%20to%20elephants%20in%20complex%20savanna%20environments.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.7717%5C%2Fpeerj.3453%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2221678359%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A55%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ZZHGRKWM%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22D%27Antonio%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ED%26%23×2019%3BAntonio%2C%20C.%20M.%2C%20Yelenik%2C%20S.%20G.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Mack%2C%20M.%20C.%20%282017%29.%20Ecosystem%20vs.%20community%20recovery%2025%20years%20after%20grass%20invasions%20and%20fire%20in%20a%20subtropical%20woodland.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Ecology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E105%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%286%29%2C%201462%26%23×2013%3B1474.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2F1365-2745.12855%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2F1365-2745.12855%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DZZHGRKWM%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Ecosystem%20vs.%20community%20recovery%2025%20years%20after%20grass%20invasions%20and%20fire%20in%20a%20subtropical%20woodland%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Carla%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22D%27Antonio%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stephanie%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yelenik%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michelle%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mack%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Despite%20a%20large%20body%20of%20research%20documenting%20invasive%20plant%20impacts%2C%20few%20studies%20have%20followed%20individual%20invaded%20sites%20over%20decades%20to%20observe%20how%20they%20change%2C%20and%20none%20have%20contrasted%20how%20compositional%20impacts%20from%20invasion%20compare%20to%20ecosystem-process%20impacts%20over%20a%20multi-decadal%20time-scale.%20Using%20direct%20measurements%20of%20plant%20density%20and%20composition%20and%20of%20ecosystems%20processes%2C%20we%20evaluate%20how%20ecosystem%20structure%2C%20above-ground%20net%20primary%20production%20%28ANPP%29%2C%20and%20above-ground%20and%20soil%20nutrient%20pools%20compare%20over%2025%20years%20since%20fire%20and%20C4%20grass%20invasions%20disrupted%20seasonally%20dry%20Hawaiian%20woodlands.%20We%20compare%20structure%20and%20function%20between%20primary%20woodland%20that%20has%20never%20burned%20and%20is%20largely%20native%20species-dominated%2C%20with%20sites%20that%20had%20been%20the%20same%20woodland%20type%20but%20burned%20in%20alien-grass-fuelled%20fires%20in%20the%201970s%20and%201980s.%20The%20sites%20have%20not%20experienced%20fires%20since%201987.%20We%20report%20here%20that%20woody%20plant%20composition%20and%20structure%20continue%20to%20be%20dramatically%20changed%20by%20the%20initial%20invasions%20and%20fires%20that%20occurred%2025%20years%20ago%20and%20invaders%20continue%20to%20dominate%20in%20burned%20sites.%20This%20is%20reflected%20in%20continued%20low%20plant%20carbon%20pools%20in%20burned%20compared%20to%20unburned%20sites.%20Yet%20ANPP%20and%20N%20storage%2C%20which%20were%20dramatically%20lower%20in%20the%20initial%20decade%20after%20invasive-grass%20fuelled%20fires%2C%20have%20increased%20and%20are%20now%20indistinguishable%20from%20values%20measured%20in%20intact%20woodlands.%20Soil%20carbon%20pools%20were%20resilient%20to%20both%20invasion%20and%20fire%20initially%20and%20over%20time.%20Above-ground%20net%20primary%20production%20has%20recovered%20because%20of%20invasion%20of%20burned%20sites%20by%20a%20non-native%20N-fixing%20tree%20rather%20than%20because%20of%20recovery%20of%20native%20species.%20This%20invasive%20N-fixing%20tree%20is%20unlikely%20to%20return%20C%20storage%20of%20the%20invaded%20sites%20to%20those%20of%20unburned%20woodland%20because%20of%20its%20tissue%20and%20growth%20characteristics%20and%20its%20interactions%20with%20invasive%20grasses.%20It%20does%20not%20facilitate%20native%20species%20but%20rather%20promotes%20a%20persistent%20invasive%20grass%5C%2FN-fixer%20savanna.%20Synthesis.%20We%20conclude%20that%20fire%2C%20an%20unusual%20disturbance%20in%20this%20system%2C%20has%20perpetuated%20the%20dominance%20of%20these%20sites%20by%20invasive%20species%20and%20that%20despite%20the%20dramatic%20recovery%20of%20above-ground%20net%20primary%20production%20and%20N%20pools%2C%20the%20ecosystem%20continues%20to%20be%20in%20a%20distinctly%20different%20state%20than%20the%20pre-fire%2C%20pre-Melinis%20community.%20Thus%2C%20despite%20the%20absence%20of%20further%20disturbance%20%28fire%29%2C%20there%20is%20no%20evidence%20that%20succession%20towards%20the%20original%20ecosystem%20is%20occurring.%20The%20fact%20that%20N%20pools%20and%20above-ground%20net%20primary%20production%20recover%20because%20of%20a%20new%20invader%20%28Morella%20faya%29%2C%20highlights%20the%20unpredictability%20of%20ecosystem%20trajectories%20in%20the%20face%20of%20altered%20regional%20species%20pools.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2F1365-2745.12855%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2213652745%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A10%3A50Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22S3IALC5X%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Devine%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017-04%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDevine%2C%20A.%20P.%2C%20McDonald%2C%20R.%20A.%2C%20Quaife%2C%20T.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Maclean%2C%20I.%20M.%20D.%20%282017%29.%20Determinants%20of%20woody%20encroachment%20and%20cover%20in%20African%20savannas.%20%3Ci%3EOecologia%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E183%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29%2C%20939%26%23×2013%3B951.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00442-017-3807-6%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00442-017-3807-6%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DS3IALC5X%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Determinants%20of%20woody%20encroachment%20and%20cover%20in%20African%20savannas%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Aisling%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Devine%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Robbie%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McDonald%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tristan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Quaife%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ilya%20M.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maclean%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017-04%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs00442-017-3807-6%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220029-8549%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Flink.springer.com%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00442-017-3807-6%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A15%3A45Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22UX9EGIRA%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Dobriyal%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDobriyal%2C%20P.%2C%20Badola%2C%20R.%2C%20Tuboi%2C%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Hussain%2C%20S.%20A.%20%282017%29.%20A%20review%20of%20methods%20for%20monitoring%20streamflow%20for%20sustainable%20water%20resource%20management.%20%3Ci%3EApplied%20Water%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E7%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%286%29%2C%202617%26%23×2013%3B2628.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs13201-016-0488-y%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs13201-016-0488-y%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DUX9EGIRA%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20review%20of%20methods%20for%20monitoring%20streamflow%20for%20sustainable%20water%20resource%20management%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pariva%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dobriyal%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ruchi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Badola%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chongpi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tuboi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Syed%20Ainul%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hussain%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Monitoring%20of%20streamflow%20may%20help%20to%20determine%20the%20optimum%20levels%20of%20its%20use%20for%20sustainable%20water%20man-agement%20in%20the%20face%20of%20climate%20change.%20We%20reviewed%20available%20methods%20for%20monitoring%20streamflow%20on%20the%20basis%20of%20six%20criteria%20viz.%20their%20applicability%20across%20different%20ter-rains%20and%20size%20of%20the%20streams%2C%20operational%20ease%2C%20time%20effectiveness%2C%20accuracy%2C%20environmental%20impact%20that%20they%20may%20cause%20and%20cost%20involve%20in%20it.%20On%20the%20basis%20of%20the%20strengths%20and%20weaknesses%20of%20each%20of%20the%20methods%20reviewed%2C%20we%20conclude%20that%20the%20timed%20volume%20method%20is%20apt%20for%20hilly%20terrain%20having%20smaller%20streams%20due%20to%20its%20operational%20ease%20and%20accuracy%20of%20results.%20Although%20comparatively%20expen-sive%2C%20the%20weir%20and%20flume%20methods%20are%20suitable%20for%20long%20term%20studies%20of%20small%20hill%20streams%2C%20since%20once%20the%20structure%20is%20put%20in%20place%2C%20it%20yields%20accurate%20results.%20In%20flat%20terrain%2C%20the%20float%20method%20is%20best%20suited%20for%20smaller%20streams%20for%20its%20operational%20ease%20and%20cost%20effectiveness%2C%20whereas%2C%20for%20larger%20streams%2C%20the%20particle%20image%20velocimetry%20may%20be%20used%20for%20its%20accuracy.%20Our%20review%20suggests%20that%20the%20selection%20of%20a%20method%20for%20monitoring%20streamflow%20may%20be%20based%20on%20volume%20of%20the%20stream%2C%20accuracy%20of%20the%20method%2C%20accessibility%20of%20the%20terrain%20and%20financial%20and%20physical%20resources%20available.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs13201-016-0488-y%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222190-5487%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A53%3A48Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22XT44LCJE%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Drake%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDrake%2C%20B.%20L.%2C%20Hanson%2C%20D.%20T.%2C%20Lowrey%2C%20T.%20K.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Sharp%2C%20Z.%20D.%20%282017%29.%20The%20carbon%20fertilization%20effect%20over%20a%20century%20of%20anthropogenic%20CO2%20emissions%3A%20higher%20intracellular%20CO2%20and%20more%20drought%20resistance%20among%20invasive%20and%20native%20grass%20species%20contrasts%20with%20increased%20water%20use%20efficiency%20for%20woody%20plants%20in%20the%20US%20Southwest.%20%3Ci%3EGlobal%20Change%20Biology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E23%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20782%26%23×2013%3B792.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fgcb.13449%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fgcb.13449%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DXT44LCJE%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20carbon%20fertilization%20effect%20over%20a%20century%20of%20anthropogenic%20CO2%20emissions%3A%20higher%20intracellular%20CO2%20and%20more%20drought%20resistance%20among%20invasive%20and%20native%20grass%20species%20contrasts%20with%20increased%20water%20use%20efficiency%20for%20woody%20plants%20in%20the%20US%20Southwest%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Brandon%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Drake%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hanson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Timothy%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lowrey%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Zachary%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sharp%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22From%201890%20to%202015%2C%20anthropogenic%20carbon%20dioxide%20emissions%20have%20increased%20atmospheric%20CO2%20concentrations%20from%20270%20to%20400%20mol%20mol%5Cu22121.%20The%20effect%20of%20increased%20carbon%20emissions%20on%20plant%20growth%20and%20reproduction%20has%20been%20the%20subject%20of%20study%20of%20free-air%20CO2%20enrichment%20%28FACE%29%20experiments.%20These%20experiments%20have%20found%20%28i%29%20an%20increase%20in%20internal%20CO2%20partial%20pressure%20%28ci%29%20alongside%20acclimation%20of%20photosynthetic%20capacity%2C%20%28ii%29%20variable%20decreases%20in%20stomatal%20conductance%2C%20and%20%28iii%29%20that%20increases%20in%20yield%20do%20not%20increase%20commensurate%20with%20CO2%20concentrations.%20Our%20data%20set%2C%20which%20includes%20a%20115-year-long%20selection%20of%20grasses%20collected%20in%20New%20Mexico%20since%201892%2C%20is%20consistent%20with%20an%20increased%20ci%20as%20a%20response%20to%20historical%20CO2%20increase%20in%20the%20atmosphere%2C%20with%20invasive%20species%20showing%20the%20largest%20increase.%20Comparison%20with%20Palmer%20Drought%20Sensitivity%20Index%20%28PDSI%29%20for%20New%20Mexico%20indicates%20a%20moderate%20correlation%20with%20%5Cu039413C%20%28r2%20%3D%200.32%2C%20P%20%5C%5Ctextless%200.01%29%20before%201950%2C%20with%20no%20correlation%20%28r2%20%3D%200.00%2C%20P%20%3D%200.91%29%20after%201950.%20These%20results%20indicate%20that%20increased%20ci%20may%20have%20conferred%20some%20drought%20resistance%20to%20these%20grasses%20through%20increased%20availability%20of%20CO2%20in%20the%20event%20of%20reduced%20stomatal%20conductance%20in%20response%20to%20short-term%20water%20shortage.%20Comparison%20with%20C3%20trees%20from%20arid%20environments%20%28Pinus%20longaeva%20and%20Pinus%20edulis%20in%20the%20US%20Southwest%29%20as%20well%20as%20from%20wetter%20environments%20%28Bromus%20and%20Poa%20grasses%20in%20New%20Mexico%29%20suggests%20differing%20responses%20based%20on%20environment%3B%20arid%20environments%20in%20New%20Mexico%20see%20increased%20intrinsic%20water%20use%20efficiency%20%28WUE%29%20in%20response%20to%20historic%20elevated%20CO2%20while%20wetter%20environments%20see%20increased%20ci.%20This%20study%20suggests%20that%20%28i%29%20the%20observed%20increases%20in%20ci%20in%20FACE%20experiments%20are%20consistent%20with%20historical%20CO2%20increases%20and%20%28ii%29%20the%20CO2%20increase%20influences%20plant%20sensitivity%20to%20water%20shortage%2C%20through%20either%20increased%20WUE%20or%20ci%20in%20arid%20and%20wet%20environments%2C%20respectively.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fgcb.13449%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2213652486%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A55%3A20Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22EDRU2DBK%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22du%20Toit%20and%20O%5Cu2019Connor%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017-01-02%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3Edu%20Toit%2C%20J.%20C.%20O.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20O%26%23×2019%3BConnor%2C%20T.%20G.%20%282017%29.%20Minimum%20temperatures%20and%20frost%20at%20Grootfontein%20in%20the%20eastern%20Karoo%2C%20South%20Africa%2C%20over%2098%20years.%20%3Ci%3ETransactions%20of%20the%20Royal%20Society%20of%20South%20Africa%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E72%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%2039%26%23×2013%3B46.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F0035919X.2016.1218373%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F0035919X.2016.1218373%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DEDRU2DBK%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Minimum%20temperatures%20and%20frost%20at%20Grootfontein%20in%20the%20eastern%20Karoo%2C%20South%20Africa%2C%20over%2098%20years%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Justin%20C.O.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22du%20Toit%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Timothy%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22O%5Cu2019Connor%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017-01-02%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1080%5C%2F0035919X.2016.1218373%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220035-919X%2C%202154-0098%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Ffull%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F0035919X.2016.1218373%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22CM9YQJBN%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-15T08%3A05%3A47Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22YYFC8X6M%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Dzerefos%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDzerefos%2C%20C.%20M.%2C%20Witkowski%2C%20E.%20T.%20F.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Kremer-K%26%23xF6%3Bhne%2C%20S.%20%282017%29.%20Aiming%20for%20the%20biodiversity%20target%20with%20the%20social%20welfare%20arrow%3A%20medicinal%20and%20other%20useful%20plants%20from%20a%20Critically%20Endangered%20grassland%20ecosystem%20in%20Limpopo%20Province%2C%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EInternational%20Journal%20of%20Sustainable%20Development%20and%20World%20Ecology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E24%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%2052%26%23×2013%3B64.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F13504509.2016.1174963%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F13504509.2016.1174963%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DYYFC8X6M%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Aiming%20for%20the%20biodiversity%20target%20with%20the%20social%20welfare%20arrow%3A%20medicinal%20and%20other%20useful%20plants%20from%20a%20Critically%20Endangered%20grassland%20ecosystem%20in%20Limpopo%20Province%2C%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cathy%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dzerefos%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ed%20T.F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Witkowski%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sylvie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kremer-K%5Cu00f6hne%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Underprivileged%20communities%20rely%20on%20beneficial%20plants%20for%20medicinal%20and%20cultural%20purposes%20as%20well%20as%20income%20generation.%20They%20are%20marginalised%20by%20land%20use%20planners%2C%20politicians%20and%20municipalities%2C%20resulting%20in%20biased%20integrated%20development%20and%20increased%20poverty.%20A%20case%20in%20point%2C%20is%20the%20Critically%20Endangered%20Woodbush%20Granite%20Grassland%20%28WGG%29%20in%20Limpopo%20Province%2C%20South%20Africa.%20The%20WGG%20has%20high%20plant%20biodiversity%20%28661%20species%20in%20192%20ha%29%2C%20which%20includes%2018%20Red%20Listed%20taxa%20and%2036%20taxa%20protected%20by%20existing%20legislation.%20Although%2018%25%20of%20the%20plant%20species%20have%20medicinal%20properties%20and%20the%20area%20is%20a%20source%20of%20plants%20used%20for%20medicine%20and%20hand%20brushes%2C%20this%20is%20the%20first%20ethnobotanical%20study%20to%20be%20undertaken%20here.%20Structured%20interview%20schedules%20were%20conducted%20with%2054%20people%20who%20were%20using%20plants%20from%20the%20area%2C%20and%20a%20list%20of%20the%20top%2020%20medicinal%20plants%20was%20compiled.%20Respondents%20raised%20concerns%20regarding%20the%20impact%20of%20fire%20management%20and%2069%25%20of%20traditional%20healers%20noted%20increasing%20difficulty%20in%20finding%20useful%20plants%20in%20the%20last%20decade.%20The%20majority%20of%20plant%20harvesters%20supported%20choices%20related%20to%20protecting%20the%20ecosystem.%20Propagated%20plants%20were%20considered%20to%20be%20an%20option%20by%2060%25%20of%20plant%20harvesters%20but%20serious%20risks%20to%20success%20were%20raised%2C%20suggesting%20that%20in%20situ%20biodiversity%20preservation%20was%20key%20to%20securing%20traditional%20healthcare%20and%20cultural%20practice.%20The%20socio-ecological%20system%20that%20exists%20is%20described%20and%20requires%20recognition%20by%20state%20bodies%20responsible%20for%20conservation%20and%20social%20welfare.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1080%5C%2F13504509.2016.1174963%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2217452627%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A11%3A43Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22YQMGTVAW%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Energy%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EEnergy%2C%20S.%20%282017%29.%20%3Ci%3ESHIFTING%20PATTERNS%20OF%20FUEL%20AND%20WOOD%20USE%20BY%20HOUSEHOLDS%20IN%20RURAL%20ZIMBABWE%20Author%20%28%20s%20%29%3A%20Sonia%20Vermeulen%20%2C%20S%20.%20J%20.%20Vermeulen%20%2C%20B%20.%20M%20.%20Campbell%20and%20J%20.%20J%20.%20Mangono%20Published%20by%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20Sage%20Publications%20%2C%20Ltd%20.%20Stable%20URL%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.jstor.org%5C%2Fstable%5C%2F43734315%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ci%3E11%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%20233%26%23×2013%3B254.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DYQMGTVAW%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22SHIFTING%20PATTERNS%20OF%20FUEL%20AND%20WOOD%20USE%20BY%20HOUSEHOLDS%20IN%20RURAL%20ZIMBABWE%20Author%20%28%20s%20%29%3A%20Sonia%20Vermeulen%20%2C%20S%20.%20J%20.%20Vermeulen%20%2C%20B%20.%20M%20.%20Campbell%20and%20J%20.%20J%20.%20Mangono%20Published%20by%20%3A%20Sage%20Publications%20%2C%20Ltd%20.%20Stable%20URL%20%3A%20http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.jstor.org%5C%2Fstable%5C%2F43734315%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Source%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Energy%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A02%3A41Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22IZCXISD7%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Fathy%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFathy%2C%20S.%20%282017%29.%20On%20behalf%20of%20the%20Murale.%20%3Ci%3EEurope%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E95%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281053%26%23×2013%3B1054%29%2C%20227%26%23×2013%3B233.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DIZCXISD7%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22On%20behalf%20of%20the%20Murale%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Safaa%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fathy%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2200142751%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A51%3A10Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22Q7C4BMYT%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Gallagher%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGallagher%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Creel%2C%20S.%2C%20Wilson%2C%20R.%20P.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Cooke%2C%20S.%20J.%20%282017%29.%20Energy%20Landscapes%20and%20the%20Landscape%20of%20Fear.%20%3Ci%3ETrends%20in%20Ecology%20and%20Evolution%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E32%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%2088%26%23×2013%3B96.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.tree.2016.10.010%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.tree.2016.10.010%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DQ7C4BMYT%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Energy%20Landscapes%20and%20the%20Landscape%20of%20Fear%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Austin%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gallagher%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Scott%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Creel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rory%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wilson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Steven%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cooke%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Animals%20are%20not%20distributed%20randomly%20in%20space%20and%20time%20because%20their%20movement%20ecology%20is%20influenced%20by%20a%20variety%20of%20factors.%20Energy%20landscapes%20and%20the%20landscape%20of%20fear%20have%20recently%20emerged%20as%20largely%20independent%20paradigms%2C%20both%20reshaping%20our%20perspectives%20and%20thinking%20relating%20to%20the%20spatial%20ecology%20of%20animals%20across%20heterogeneous%20landscapes.%20We%20argue%20that%20these%20paradigms%20are%20not%20distinct%20but%20rather%20complementary%2C%20collectively%20providing%20a%20better%20mechanistic%20basis%20for%20understanding%20the%20spatial%20ecology%20and%20decision-making%20of%20wild%20animals.%20We%20discuss%20the%20theoretical%20underpinnings%20of%20each%20paradigm%20and%20illuminate%20their%20complementary%20nature%20through%20case%20studies%2C%20then%20integrate%20these%20concepts%20quantitatively%20by%20constructing%20quantitative%20pathways%20of%20movement%20modulated%20by%20energy%20and%20fear%20to%20elucidate%20the%20mechanisms%20underlying%20the%20spatial%20ecology%20of%20wild%20animals.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.tree.2016.10.010%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2201695347%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A12%3A07Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22DKXUXZCT%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Gokool%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017-12-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGokool%2C%20S.%2C%20Jarmain%2C%20C.%2C%20Riddell%2C%20E.%2C%20Swemmer%2C%20A.%2C%20Lerm%2C%20R.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Chetty%2C%20K.%20T.%20%282017%29.%20Quantifying%20riparian%20total%20evaporation%20along%20the%20Groot%20Letaba%20River%3A%20A%20comparison%20between%20infilled%20and%20spatially%20downscaled%20satellite%20derived%20total%20evaporation%20estimates.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Arid%20Environments%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E147%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20114%26%23×2013%3B124.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jaridenv.2017.07.014%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jaridenv.2017.07.014%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DDKXUXZCT%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Quantifying%20riparian%20total%20evaporation%20along%20the%20Groot%20Letaba%20River%3A%20A%20comparison%20between%20infilled%20and%20spatially%20downscaled%20satellite%20derived%20total%20evaporation%20estimates%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gokool%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jarmain%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Riddell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Swemmer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lerm%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chetty%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20use%20of%20satellite%20earth%20observation%20data%20for%20the%20estimation%20of%20evapotranspiration%20has%20been%20well%20documented%20and%20represents%20a%20viable%20approach%20for%20the%20quantification%20of%20riparian%20water%20use%20at%20landscape%20to%20regional%20scales.%20However%2C%20the%20trade-off%20between%20the%20spatial%20and%20temporal%20resolution%20associated%20with%20imagery%20can%20limit%20the%20reliability%20of%20satellite-based%20evapotranspiration%20modelling.%20This%20study%20investigated%20two%20approaches%20to%20quantify%20evapotranspiration%20at%20a%20moderate%20spatial%20resolution%20%2830%5Cu00a0m%29%20on%20a%20daily%20time%20step%2C%20for%20a%20perennial%20river%20flowing%20through%20a%20semi-arid%2C%20savanna%20landscape.%20The%20Surface%20Energy%20Balance%20System%20%28SEBS%29%20Model%20was%20used%20to%20derive%20daily%20evapotranspiration%20from%20satellite%20imagery.%20The%20actual%20crop%20coefficient%20%28Kcact%29%20and%20output%20downscaling%20with%20linear%20regression%20%28ODLR%29%20approaches%20were%20then%20evaluated%20by%20comparing%20their%20respective%20estimates%20against%20Eddy%20covariance%20%28ECET%29%20measurements%20at%20two%20locations.%20Comparisons%20of%20ET%20estimates%20acquired%20using%20the%20Kcact%20and%20ODLR%20approaches%20against%20ECET%2C%20yielded%20RMSE%20values%20of%3B%201.88%20and%202.57%5Cu00a0mm%5Cu00a0d%5Cu22121%20and%201.10%20and%202.39%5Cu00a0mm%5Cu00a0d%5Cu22121%20%28for%20two%20replicate%20transects%29%2C%20respectively.%20The%20poor%20performance%20of%20these%20techniques%20was%20largely%20attributed%20to%20the%20SEBS%20ET%20estimates%20used%20as%20inputs%20to%20these%20techniques%2C%20as%20SEBS%20may%20overestimate%20evapotranspiration%20during%20conditions%20of%20water%20stress.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22December%201%2C%202017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.jaridenv.2017.07.014%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220140-1963%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%228VPML3VD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-06-25T09%3A00%3A06Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22SXWPQVUN%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Gokool%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGokool%2C%20S.%2C%20Jarmain%2C%20C.%2C%20Riddell%2C%20E.%2C%20Swemmer%2C%20A.%2C%20Lerm%2C%20R.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Chetty%2C%20K.%20T.%20%282017%29.%20Quantifying%20riparian%20total%20evaporation%20along%20the%20Groot%20Letaba%20River%3A%20A%20comparison%20between%20infilled%20and%20spatially%20downscaled%20satellite%20derived%20total%20evaporation%20estimates.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Arid%20Environments%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E147%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20114%26%23×2013%3B124.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jaridenv.2017.07.014%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jaridenv.2017.07.014%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DSXWPQVUN%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Quantifying%20riparian%20total%20evaporation%20along%20the%20Groot%20Letaba%20River%3A%20A%20comparison%20between%20infilled%20and%20spatially%20downscaled%20satellite%20derived%20total%20evaporation%20estimates%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gokool%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jarmain%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Riddell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Swemmer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lerm%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chetty%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20use%20of%20satellite%20earth%20observation%20data%20for%20the%20estimation%20of%20evapotranspiration%20has%20been%20well%20documented%20and%20represents%20a%20viable%20approach%20for%20the%20quantification%20of%20riparian%20water%20use%20at%20landscape%20to%20regional%20scales.%20However%2C%20the%20trade-off%20between%20the%20spatial%20and%20temporal%20resolution%20associated%20with%20imagery%20can%20limit%20the%20reliability%20of%20satellite-based%20evapotranspiration%20modelling.%20This%20study%20investigated%20two%20approaches%20to%20quantify%20evapotranspiration%20at%20a%20moderate%20spatial%20resolution%20%2830%20m%29%20on%20a%20daily%20time%20step%2C%20for%20a%20perennial%20river%20flowing%20through%20a%20semi-arid%2C%20savanna%20landscape.%20The%20Surface%20Energy%20Balance%20System%20%28SEBS%29%20Model%20was%20used%20to%20derive%20daily%20evapotranspiration%20from%20satellite%20imagery.%20The%20actual%20crop%20coefficient%20%28Kcact%29%20and%20output%20downscaling%20with%20linear%20regression%20%28ODLR%29%20approaches%20were%20then%20evaluated%20by%20comparing%20their%20respective%20estimates%20against%20Eddy%20covariance%20%28ECET%29%20measurements%20at%20two%20locations.%20Comparisons%20of%20ET%20estimates%20acquired%20using%20the%20Kcact%20and%20ODLR%20approaches%20against%20ECET%2C%20yielded%20RMSE%20values%20of%3B%201.88%20and%202.57%20mm%20d%5Cu22121%20and%201.10%20and%202.39%20mm%20d%5Cu22121%20%28for%20two%20replicate%20transects%29%2C%20respectively.%20The%20poor%20performance%20of%20these%20techniques%20was%20largely%20attributed%20to%20the%20SEBS%20ET%20estimates%20used%20as%20inputs%20to%20these%20techniques%2C%20as%20SEBS%20may%20overestimate%20evapotranspiration%20during%20conditions%20of%20water%20stress.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.jaridenv.2017.07.014%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221095922X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A07%3A29Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22YISLB3AT%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Gokool%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGokool%2C%20S.%2C%20Jarmain%2C%20C.%2C%20Riddell%2C%20E.%2C%20Swemmer%2C%20A.%2C%20Lerm%2C%20R.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Chetty%2C%20K.%20T.%20%282017%29.%20Quantifying%20riparian%20total%20evaporation%20along%20the%20Groot%20Letaba%20River%3A%20A%20comparison%20between%20infilled%20and%20spatially%20downscaled%20satellite%20derived%20total%20evaporation%20estimates.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Arid%20Environments%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jaridenv.2017.07.014%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jaridenv.2017.07.014%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DYISLB3AT%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Quantifying%20riparian%20total%20evaporation%20along%20the%20Groot%20Letaba%20River%3A%20A%20comparison%20between%20infilled%20and%20spatially%20downscaled%20satellite%20derived%20total%20evaporation%20estimates%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gokool%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jarmain%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Riddell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Swemmer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lerm%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chetty%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%5Cu00a9%202017%20Elsevier%20Ltd.%20The%20use%20of%20satellite%20earth%20observation%20data%20for%20the%20estimation%20of%20evapotranspiration%20has%20been%20well%20documented%20and%20represents%20a%20viable%20approach%20for%20the%20quantification%20of%20riparian%20water%20use%20at%20landscape%20to%20regional%20scales.%20However%2C%20the%20trade-off%20between%20the%20spatial%20and%20temporal%20resolution%20associated%20with%20imagery%20can%20limit%20the%20reliability%20of%20satellite-based%20evapotranspiration%20modelling.%20This%20study%20investigated%20two%20approaches%20to%20quantify%20evapotranspiration%20at%20a%20moderate%20spatial%20resolution%20%2830%20m%29%20on%20a%20daily%20time%20step%2C%20for%20a%20perennial%20river%20flowing%20through%20a%20semi-arid%2C%20savanna%20landscape.%20The%20Surface%20Energy%20Balance%20System%20%28SEBS%29%20Model%20was%20used%20to%20derive%20daily%20evapotranspiration%20from%20satellite%20imagery.%20The%20actual%20crop%20coefficient%20%28Kc%20act%20%29%20and%20output%20downscaling%20with%20linear%20regression%20%28ODLR%29%20approaches%20were%20then%20evaluated%20by%20comparing%20their%20respective%20estimates%20against%20Eddy%20covariance%20%28EC%20ET%20%29%20measurements%20at%20two%20locations.%20Comparisons%20of%20ET%20estimates%20acquired%20using%20the%20Kc%20act%20and%20ODLR%20approaches%20against%20EC%20ET%20%2C%20yielded%20RMSE%20values%20of%3B%201.88%20and%202.57%20mm%20d%20-1%20and%201.10%20and%202.39%20mm%20d%20-1%20%28for%20two%20replicate%20transects%29%2C%20respectively.%20The%20poor%20performance%20of%20these%20techniques%20was%20largely%20attributed%20to%20the%20SEBS%20ET%20estimates%20used%20as%20inputs%20to%20these%20techniques%2C%20as%20SEBS%20may%20overestimate%20evapotranspiration%20during%20conditions%20of%20water%20stress.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.jaridenv.2017.07.014%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221095922X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A15%3A27Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22S9H75R6H%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Gordon%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGordon%2C%20C.%20E.%2C%20Eldridge%2C%20D.%20J.%2C%20Ripple%2C%20W.%20J.%2C%20Crowther%2C%20M.%20S.%2C%20Moore%2C%20B.%20D.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Letnic%2C%20M.%20%282017%29.%20Shrub%20encroachment%20is%20linked%20to%20extirpation%20of%20an%20apex%20predator.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Animal%20Ecology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E86%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%20147%26%23×2013%3B157.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2F1365-2656.12607%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2F1365-2656.12607%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DS9H75R6H%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Shrub%20encroachment%20is%20linked%20to%20extirpation%20of%20an%20apex%20predator%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christopher%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gordon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Eldridge%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ripple%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mathew%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Crowther%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ben%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moore%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mike%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Letnic%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20abundance%20of%20shrubs%20has%20increased%20throughout%20Earth%27s%20arid%20lands.%20This%20%5Cu2018shrub%20encroachment%27%20has%20been%20linked%20to%20livestock%20grazing%2C%20fire-suppression%20and%20elevated%20atmospheric%20CO2%20concentrations%20facilitating%20shrub%20recruitment.%20Apex%20predators%20initiate%20trophic%20cascades%20which%20can%20influence%20the%20abundance%20of%20many%20species%20across%20multiple%20trophic%20levels%20within%20ecosystems.%20Extirpation%20of%20apex%20predators%20is%20linked%20inextricably%20to%20pastoralism%2C%20but%20has%20not%20been%20considered%20as%20a%20factor%20contributing%20to%20shrub%20encroachment.%20Here%2C%20we%20ask%20if%20trophic%20cascades%20triggered%20by%20the%20extirpation%20of%20Australia%27s%20largest%20terrestrial%20predator%2C%20the%20dingo%20%28Canis%20dingo%29%2C%20could%20be%20a%20driver%20of%20shrub%20encroachment%20in%20the%20Strzelecki%20Desert%2C%20Australia.%20We%20use%20aerial%20photographs%20spanning%20a%2051-year%20period%20to%20compare%20shrub%20cover%20between%20areas%20where%20dingoes%20are%20historically%20rare%20and%20common.%20We%20then%20quantify%20contemporary%20patterns%20of%20shrub%2C%20shrub%20seedling%20and%20mammal%20abundances%2C%20and%20use%20structural%20equation%20modelling%20to%20compare%20competing%20trophic%20cascade%20hypotheses%20to%20explain%20how%20dingoes%20could%20influence%20shrub%20recruitment.%20Finally%2C%20we%20track%20the%20fate%20of%20seedlings%20of%20an%20encroaching%20shrub%2C%20hopbush%20%28Dodonaea%20viscosa%20angustissima%29%2C%20during%20a%20period%20optimal%20for%20seedling%20recruitment%2C%20and%20quantify%20removal%20rates%20of%20hopbush%20seeds%20by%20rodents%20from%20enriched%20seed%20patches.%20Shrub%20cover%20was%2026%5Cu201348%25%20greater%20in%20areas%20where%20dingoes%20were%20rare%20than%20common.%20Our%20structural%20equation%20modelling%20supported%20the%20hypothesis%20that%20dingo%20removal%20facilitates%20shrub%20encroachment%20by%20triggering%20a%20four%20level%20trophic%20cascade.%20According%20to%20this%20model%2C%20increased%20mesopredator%20abundance%20in%20the%20absence%20of%20dingoes%20results%20in%20suppressed%20abundance%20of%20consumers%20of%20shrub%20seeds%20and%20seedlings%2C%20rodents%20and%20rabbits%20respectively.%20In%20turn%2C%20suppressed%20abundances%20of%20rodents%20and%20rabbits%20in%20the%20absence%20of%20dingoes%20relaxed%20a%20recruitment%20bottleneck%20for%20shrubs.%20The%20results%20of%20our%20SEM%20were%20supported%20by%20results%20showing%20that%20rates%20of%20hopbush%20seedling%20survival%20and%20seed%20removal%20were%201%5Cu00b77%20times%20greater%20and%202%5Cu00b71%20times%20lower%20in%20areas%20where%20dingoes%20were%20rare%20than%20common.%20Our%20study%20provides%20evidence%20linking%20the%20suppression%20of%20an%20apex%20predator%20to%20the%20historic%20encroachment%20of%20shrubs.%20We%20contend%20that%20trophic%20cascades%20induced%20by%20apex%20predator%20extirpation%20may%20be%20an%20overlooked%20driver%20of%20shrub%20encroachment.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2F1365-2656.12607%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2213652656%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A46%3A08Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22R6PC3IH8%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Gray%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A4%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGray%2C%20B.%20%282017%29.%20%3Ci%3ETowards%20an%20Improved%20Understanding%20of%20the%20Influence%20of%20Raingauge%20Design%2C%20Slope%20and%20Aspect%20on%20Rainfall%20Measurements%3A%20a%20Cross-Calibration%20Study%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20School%20of%20Agriculture%2C%20Earth%20and%20Environmental%20Science.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DR6PC3IH8%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22thesis%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Towards%20an%20Improved%20Understanding%20of%20the%20Influence%20of%20Raingauge%20Design%2C%20Slope%20and%20Aspect%20on%20Rainfall%20Measurements%3A%20a%20Cross-Calibration%20Study%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Byron%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gray%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22thesisType%22%3A%22%22%2C%22university%22%3A%22School%20of%20Agriculture%2C%20Earth%20and%20Environmental%20Science%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-03T13%3A21%3A58Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%226LGVLZID%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Greenwood%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017-04%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGreenwood%2C%20S.%2C%20Ruiz-Benito%2C%20P.%2C%20Mart%26%23xED%3Bnez-Vilalta%2C%20J.%2C%20Lloret%2C%20F.%2C%20Kitzberger%2C%20T.%2C%20Allen%2C%20C.%20D.%2C%20Fensham%2C%20R.%2C%20Laughlin%2C%20D.%20C.%2C%20Kattge%2C%20J.%2C%20B%26%23xF6%3Bnisch%2C%20G.%2C%20Kraft%2C%20N.%20J.%20B.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Jump%2C%20A.%20S.%20%282017%29.%20Tree%20mortality%20across%20biomes%20is%20promoted%20by%20drought%20intensity%2C%20lower%20wood%20density%20and%20higher%20specific%20leaf%20area.%20%3Ci%3EEcology%20Letters%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E20%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29%2C%20539%26%23×2013%3B553.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fele.12748%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fele.12748%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D6LGVLZID%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Tree%20mortality%20across%20biomes%20is%20promoted%20by%20drought%20intensity%2C%20lower%20wood%20density%20and%20higher%20specific%20leaf%20area%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sarah%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Greenwood%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paloma%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ruiz-Benito%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jordi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mart%5Cu00ednez-Vilalta%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Francisco%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lloret%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thomas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kitzberger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Craig%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Allen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rod%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fensham%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Daniel%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Laughlin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jens%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kattge%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gerhard%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22B%5Cu00f6nisch%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nathan%20J.B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kraft%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alistair%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jump%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Drought%20events%20are%20increasing%20globally%2C%20and%20reports%20of%20consequent%20forest%20mortality%20are%20widespread.%20However%2C%20due%20to%20a%20lack%20of%20a%20quantitative%20global%20synthesis%2C%20it%20is%20still%20not%20clear%20whether%20drought-induced%20mortality%20rates%20differ%20among%20global%20biomes%20and%20whether%20functional%20traits%20influence%20the%20risk%20of%20drought-induced%20mortality.%20To%20address%20these%20uncertainties%2C%20we%20performed%20a%20global%20meta-analysis%20of%2058%20studies%20of%20drought-induced%20forest%20mortality.%20Mortality%20rates%20were%20modelled%20as%20a%20function%20of%20drought%2C%20temperature%2C%20biomes%2C%20phylogenetic%20and%20functional%20groups%20and%20functional%20traits.%20We%20identified%20a%20consistent%20global-scale%20response%2C%20where%20mortality%20increased%20with%20drought%20severity%20%5Blog%20mortality%20%28trees%20trees%5Cu22121%20year%5Cu22121%29%20increased%200.46%20%2895%25%20CI%20%3D%200.2%5Cu20130.7%29%20with%20one%20SPEI%20unit%20drought%20intensity%5D.%20We%20found%20no%20significant%20differences%20in%20the%20magnitude%20of%20the%20response%20depending%20on%20forest%20biomes%20or%20between%20angiosperms%20and%20gymnosperms%20or%20evergreen%20and%20deciduous%20tree%20species.%20Functional%20traits%20explained%20some%20of%20the%20variation%20in%20drought%20responses%20between%20species%20%28i.e.%20increased%20from%2030%20to%2037%25%20when%20wood%20density%20and%20specific%20leaf%20area%20were%20included%29.%20Tree%20species%20with%20denser%20wood%20and%20lower%20specific%20leaf%20area%20showed%20lower%20mortality%20responses.%20Our%20results%20illustrate%20the%20value%20of%20functional%20traits%20for%20understanding%20patterns%20of%20drought-induced%20tree%20mortality%20and%20suggest%20that%20mortality%20could%20become%20increasingly%20widespread%20in%20the%20future.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017-04%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fele.12748%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2214610248%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A12%3A55Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22PS455398%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Greenwood%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017-04%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGreenwood%2C%20S.%2C%20Ruiz-Benito%2C%20P.%2C%20Mart%26%23xED%3Bnez-Vilalta%2C%20J.%2C%20Lloret%2C%20F.%2C%20Kitzberger%2C%20T.%2C%20Allen%2C%20C.%20D.%2C%20Fensham%2C%20R.%2C%20Laughlin%2C%20D.%20C.%2C%20Kattge%2C%20J.%2C%20B%26%23xF6%3Bnisch%2C%20G.%2C%20Kraft%2C%20N.%20J.%20B.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Jump%2C%20A.%20S.%20%282017%29.%20%3Ci%3ETree%20mortality%20across%20biomes%20is%20promoted%20by%20drought%20intensity%2C%20lower%20wood%20density%20and%20higher%20specific%20leaf%20area%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20Blackwell%20Publishing%20Ltd.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DPS455398%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22document%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Tree%20mortality%20across%20biomes%20is%20promoted%20by%20drought%20intensity%2C%20lower%20wood%20density%20and%20higher%20specific%20leaf%20area%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sarah%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Greenwood%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paloma%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ruiz-Benito%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jordi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mart%5Cu00ednez-Vilalta%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Francisco%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lloret%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thomas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kitzberger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Craig%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Allen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rod%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fensham%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Daniel%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Laughlin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jens%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kattge%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gerhard%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22B%5Cu00f6nisch%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nathan%20J.B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kraft%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alistair%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jump%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Drought%20events%20are%20increasing%20globally%2C%20and%20reports%20of%20consequent%20forest%20mortality%20are%20widespread.%20However%2C%20due%20to%20a%20lack%20of%20a%20quantitative%20global%20synthesis%2C%20it%20is%20still%20not%20clear%20whether%20drought-induced%20mortality%20rates%20differ%20among%20global%20biomes%20and%20whether%20functional%20traits%20influence%20the%20risk%20of%20drought-induced%20mortality.%20To%20address%20these%20uncertainties%2C%20we%20performed%20a%20global%20meta-analysis%20of%2058%20studies%20of%20drought-induced%20forest%20mortality.%20Mortality%20rates%20were%20modelled%20as%20a%20function%20of%20drought%2C%20temperature%2C%20biomes%2C%20phylogenetic%20and%20functional%20groups%20and%20functional%20traits.%20We%20identified%20a%20consistent%20global-scale%20response%2C%20where%20mortality%20increased%20with%20drought%20severity%20%5Blog%20mortality%20%28trees%20trees%5Cu22121%20year%5Cu22121%29%20increased%200.46%20%2895%25%20CI%20%3D%200.2%5Cu20130.7%29%20with%20one%20SPEI%20unit%20drought%20intensity%5D.%20We%20found%20no%20significant%20differences%20in%20the%20magnitude%20of%20the%20response%20depending%20on%20forest%20biomes%20or%20between%20angiosperms%20and%20gymnosperms%20or%20evergreen%20and%20deciduous%20tree%20species.%20Functional%20traits%20explained%20some%20of%20the%20variation%20in%20drought%20responses%20between%20species%20%28i.e.%20increased%20from%2030%20to%2037%25%20when%20wood%20density%20and%20specific%20leaf%20area%20were%20included%29.%20Tree%20species%20with%20denser%20wood%20and%20lower%20specific%20leaf%20area%20showed%20lower%20mortality%20responses.%20Our%20results%20illustrate%20the%20value%20of%20functional%20traits%20for%20understanding%20patterns%20of%20drought-induced%20tree%20mortality%20and%20suggest%20that%20mortality%20could%20become%20increasingly%20widespread%20in%20the%20future.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017-04%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A24%3A44Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22DI8GGB5L%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Griffith%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGriffith%2C%20D.%20M.%2C%20Lehmann%2C%20C.%20E.%20R.%2C%20Str%26%23xF6%3Bmberg%2C%20C.%20A.%20E.%2C%20Parr%2C%20C.%20L.%2C%20Pennington%2C%20R.%20T.%2C%20Sankaran%2C%20M.%2C%20Ratnam%2C%20J.%2C%20Still%2C%20C.%20J.%2C%20Powell%2C%20R.%20L.%2C%20Hanan%2C%20N.%20P.%2C%20Nippert%2C%20J.%20B.%2C%20Osborne%2C%20C.%20P.%2C%20Good%2C%20S.%20P.%2C%20Anderson%2C%20T.%20M.%2C%20Holdo%2C%20R.%20M.%2C%20Veldman%2C%20J.%20W.%2C%20Durigan%2C%20G.%2C%20Tomlinson%2C%20K.%20W.%2C%20Hoffmann%2C%20W.%20A.%2C%20%26%23×2026%3B%20Bond%2C%20W.%20J.%20%282017%29.%20Comment%20on%20%26%23x201C%3BThe%20extent%20of%20forest%20in%20dryland%20biomes.%26%23x201D%3B%20%3Ci%3EScience%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E358%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%286365%29%2C%20635%26%23×2013%3B638.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1126%5C%2Fscience.aao1309%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1126%5C%2Fscience.aao1309%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DDI8GGB5L%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Comment%20on%20%5Cu201cThe%20extent%20of%20forest%20in%20dryland%20biomes%5Cu201d%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Daniel%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Griffith%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Caroline%20E.R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lehmann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Caroline%20A.E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Str%5Cu00f6mberg%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Catherine%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Parr%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20Toby%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pennington%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mahesh%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sankaran%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jayashree%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ratnam%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christopher%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Still%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rebecca%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Powell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Niall%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hanan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jesse%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nippert%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Colin%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Osborne%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stephen%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Good%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%20Michael%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Anderson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ricardo%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Holdo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joseph%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Veldman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Giselda%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Durigan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kyle%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tomlinson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hoffmann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sally%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Archibald%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bond%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Bastin%20et%20al.%20%28Reports%2C%2012%20May%202017%2C%20p.%20635%29%20infer%20forest%20as%20more%20globally%20extensive%20than%20previously%20estimated%20using%20tree%20cover%20data.%20However%2C%20their%20forest%20definition%20does%20not%20reflect%20ecosystem%20function%20or%20biotic%20composition.%20These%20structural%20and%20climatic%20definitions%20inflate%20forest%20estimates%20across%20the%20tropics%20and%20undermine%20conservation%20goals%2C%20leading%20to%20inappropriate%20management%20policies%20and%20practices%20in%20tropical%20grassy%20ecosystems.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1126%5C%2Fscience.aao1309%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2210959203%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A53%3A10Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22GT5WW8F6%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Haley%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHaley%2C%20C.%20%282017%29.%20%3Ci%3ENauticaris%20Marionis%2C%20around%20the%20Sub-Antarctic%20Prince%20Edward%20Islands.%20Deep-Sea%20Research%20Part%20I%3A%20Oceanographic%20Research%20Papers%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E127%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%28null%29%2C%2041.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DGT5WW8F6%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Haley%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22null%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-06-14T12%3A49%3A48Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22C2PDIEGL%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Haley%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017-09%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHaley%2C%20C.%2C%20von%20der%20Meden%2C%20C.%2C%20Atkinson%2C%20L.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Reed%2C%20C.%20%282017%29.%20Habitat%20associations%20and%20distribution%20of%20the%20hyperbenthic%20shrimp%2C%20Nauticaris%20marionis%2C%20around%20the%20sub-Antarctic%20Prince%20Edward%20Islands.%20%3Ci%3EDeep%20Sea%20Research%20Part%20I%3A%20Oceanographic%20Research%20Papers%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E127%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%2041%26%23×2013%3B48.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.dsr.2017.07.005%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.dsr.2017.07.005%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DC2PDIEGL%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Habitat%20associations%20and%20distribution%20of%20the%20hyperbenthic%20shrimp%2C%20Nauticaris%20marionis%2C%20around%20the%20sub-Antarctic%20Prince%20Edward%20Islands%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Craig%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Haley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Charles%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22von%20der%20Meden%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lara%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Atkinson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cecile%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Reed%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22September%202017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.dsr.2017.07.005%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2209670637%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%5C%2Fretrieve%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0967063717300869%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BGDWYJZJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-12-15T12%3A06%3A38Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22VZD6QJMT%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Hempson%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHempson%2C%20G.%20P.%2C%20Archibald%2C%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Bond%2C%20W.%20J.%20%282017%29.%20The%20consequences%20of%20replacing%20wildlife%20with%20livestock%20in%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EScientific%20Reports%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E7%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%201%26%23×2013%3B10.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41598-017-17348-4%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41598-017-17348-4%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DVZD6QJMT%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20consequences%20of%20replacing%20wildlife%20with%20livestock%20in%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gareth%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hempson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sally%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Archibald%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bond%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20extirpation%20of%20native%20wildlife%20species%20and%20widespread%20establishment%20of%20livestock%20farming%20has%20dramatically%20distorted%20large%20mammal%20herbivore%20communities%20across%20the%20globe.%20Ecological%20theory%20suggests%20that%20these%20shifts%20in%20the%20form%20and%20the%20intensity%20of%20herbivory%20have%20had%20substantial%20impacts%20on%20a%20range%20of%20ecosystem%20processes%2C%20but%20for%20most%20ecosystems%20it%20is%20impossible%20to%20quantify%20these%20changes%20accurately.%20We%20address%20these%20challenges%20using%20species-level%20biomass%20data%20from%20sub-Saharan%20Africa%20for%20both%20present%20day%20and%20reconstructed%20historical%20herbivore%20communities.%20Our%20analyses%20reveal%20pronounced%20herbivore%20biomass%20losses%20in%20wetter%20areas%20and%20substantial%20biomass%20increases%20and%20functional%20type%20turnover%20in%20arid%20regions.%20Fire%20prevalence%20is%20likely%20to%20have%20been%20altered%20over%20vast%20areas%20where%20grazer%20biomass%20has%20transitioned%20to%20above%20or%20below%20the%20threshold%20at%20which%20grass%20fuel%20reduction%20can%20suppress%20fire.%20Overall%2C%20shifts%20in%20the%20functional%20composition%20of%20herbivore%20communities%20promote%20an%20expansion%20of%20woody%20cover.%20Total%20herbivore%20methane%20emissions%20have%20more%20than%20doubled%2C%20but%20lateral%20nutrient%20diffusion%20capacity%20is%20below%205%25%20of%20past%20levels.%20The%20release%20of%20fundamental%20ecological%20constraints%20on%20herbivore%20communities%20in%20arid%20regions%20appears%20to%20pose%20greater%20threats%20to%20ecosystem%20function%20than%20do%20biomass%20losses%20in%20mesic%20regions%2C%20where%20fire%20remains%20the%20major%20consumer.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1038%5C%2Fs41598-017-17348-4%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2220452322%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41598-017-17348-4%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A06%3A56Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22WVI7ZF79%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Hempson%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017-12%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHempson%2C%20G.%20P.%2C%20Archibald%2C%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Bond%2C%20W.%20J.%20%282017%29.%20The%20consequences%20of%20replacing%20wildlife%20with%20livestock%20in%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EScientific%20Reports%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E7%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41598-017-17348-4%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41598-017-17348-4%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DWVI7ZF79%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20consequences%20of%20replacing%20wildlife%20with%20livestock%20in%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gareth%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hempson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sally%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Archibald%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bond%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20extirpation%20of%20native%20wildlife%20species%20and%20widespread%20establishment%20of%20livestock%20farming%20has%20dramatically%20distorted%20large%20mammal%20herbivore%20communities%20across%20the%20globe.%20Ecological%20theory%20suggests%20that%20these%20shifts%20in%20the%20form%20and%20the%20intensity%20of%20herbivory%20have%20had%20substantial%20impacts%20on%20a%20range%20of%20ecosystem%20processes%2C%20but%20for%20most%20ecosystems%20it%20is%20impossible%20to%20quantify%20these%20changes%20accurately.%20We%20address%20these%20challenges%20using%20species-level%20biomass%20data%20from%20sub-Saharan%20Africa%20for%20both%20present%20day%20and%20reconstructed%20historical%20herbivore%20communities.%20Our%20analyses%20reveal%20pronounced%20herbivore%20biomass%20losses%20in%20wetter%20areas%20and%20substantial%20biomass%20increases%20and%20functional%20type%20turnover%20in%20arid%20regions.%20Fire%20prevalence%20is%20likely%20to%20have%20been%20altered%20over%20vast%20areas%20where%20grazer%20biomass%20has%20transitioned%20to%20above%20or%20below%20the%20threshold%20at%20which%20grass%20fuel%20reduction%20can%20suppress%20fire.%20Overall%2C%20shifts%20in%20the%20functional%20composition%20of%20herbivore%20communities%20promote%20an%20expansion%20of%20woody%20cover.%20Total%20herbivore%20methane%20emissions%20have%20more%20than%20doubled%2C%20but%20lateral%20nutrient%20diffusion%20capacity%20is%20below%205%25%20of%20past%20levels.%20The%20release%20of%20fundamental%20ecological%20constraints%20on%20herbivore%20communities%20in%20arid%20regions%20appears%20to%20pose%20greater%20threats%20to%20ecosystem%20function%20than%20do%20biomass%20losses%20in%20mesic%20regions%2C%20where%20fire%20remains%20the%20major%20consumer.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017-12%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1038%5C%2Fs41598-017-17348-4%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2220452322%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A14%3A04Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22XKYNIYW5%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Hoag%20and%20Svenning%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHoag%2C%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Svenning%2C%20J.%20C.%20%282017%29.%20African%20Environmental%20Change%20from%20the%20Pleistocene%20to%20the%20Anthropocene.%20%3Ci%3EAnnual%20Review%20of%20Environment%20and%20Resources%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E42%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%2027%26%23×2013%3B54.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1146%5C%2Fannurev-environ-102016-060653%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1146%5C%2Fannurev-environ-102016-060653%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DXKYNIYW5%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22African%20Environmental%20Change%20from%20the%20Pleistocene%20to%20the%20Anthropocene%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Colin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hoag%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jens%20Christian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Svenning%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20review%20explores%20what%20past%20environmental%20change%20in%20Africa-and%20African%20people%27s%20response%20to%20it-can%20teach%20us%20about%20how%20to%20cope%20with%20life%20in%20the%20Anthropocene.%20Organized%20around%20four%20drivers%20of%20change-climate%3B%20agriculture%20and%20pastoralism%3B%20megafauna%3B%20and%20imperialism%2C%20colonialism%2C%20and%20capitalism%20%28ICC%29-our%20review%20zooms%20in%20on%20key%20regions%20and%20debates%2C%20including%20desertification%3B%20rangeland%20degradation%3B%20megafauna%20loss%3B%20and%20land%20grabbing.%20Multiscale%20climate%20change%20is%20a%20recurring%20theme%20in%20the%20continent%27s%20history%2C%20interacting%20with%20increasingly%20intense%20human%20activities%20from%20several%20million%20years%20onward%2C%20leading%20to%20oscillating%2C%20contingent%20environmental%20changes%20and%20societally%20adaptive%20responses.%20With%20high%20levels%20of%20poverty%2C%20fast%20population%20growth%2C%20and%20potentially%20dramatic%20impacts%20expected%20from%20future%20climate%20change%2C%20Africa%20is%20emblematic%20of%20the%20kinds%20of%20social%20and%20ecological%20precariousness%20many%20fear%20will%20characterize%20the%20future%20globally.%20African%20people%27s%20innovation%20and%20adaptation%20to%20contingency%20may%20place%20them%20among%20the%20avant-garde%20with%20respect%20to%20thinking%20about%20Anthropocene%20conditions%2C%20strategies%2C%20and%20possibilities.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1146%5C%2Fannurev-environ-102016-060653%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2215435938%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A53%3A02Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22UPV8DYP7%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Holton%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHolton%2C%20L.%2C%20Deshayes%2C%20J.%2C%20Backeberg%2C%20B.%20C.%2C%20Loveday%2C%20B.%20R.%2C%20Hermes%2C%20J.%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Reason%2C%20C.%20J.%20C.%20%282017%29.%20Spatio-temporal%20characteristics%20of%20Agulhas%20leakage%3A%20a%20model%20inter-comparison%20study.%20%3Ci%3EClimate%20Dynamics%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E48%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%287%26%23×2013%3B8%29%2C%202107%26%23×2013%3B2121.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00382-016-3193-5%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00382-016-3193-5%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DUPV8DYP7%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Spatio-temporal%20characteristics%20of%20Agulhas%20leakage%3A%20a%20model%20inter-comparison%20study%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Holton%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deshayes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Backeberg%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Loveday%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hermes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20J.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Reason%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%224%5C%2F2017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs00382-016-3193-5%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220930-7575%2C%201432-0894%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Flink.springer.com%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00382-016-3193-5%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BGDWYJZJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-04-13T19%3A19%3A41Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22CK54NL46%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Houlahan%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHoulahan%2C%20J.%20E.%2C%20McKinney%2C%20S.%20T.%2C%20Anderson%2C%20T.%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20McGill%2C%20B.%20J.%20%282017%29.%20The%20priority%20of%20prediction%20in%20ecological%20understanding.%20%3Ci%3EOikos%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E126%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%201%26%23×2013%3B7.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Foik.03726%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Foik.03726%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DCK54NL46%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20priority%20of%20prediction%20in%20ecological%20understanding%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jeff%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Houlahan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Shawn%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McKinney%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%20Michael%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Anderson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Brian%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McGill%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017-01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Foik.03726%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2200301299%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.wiley.com%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Foik.03726%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A15%3A54Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22MA8CL33Y%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Jucker%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EJucker%2C%20T.%2C%20Caspersen%2C%20J.%2C%20Chave%2C%20J.%2C%20Antin%2C%20C.%2C%20Barbier%2C%20N.%2C%20Bongers%2C%20F.%2C%20Dalponte%2C%20M.%2C%20van%20Ewijk%2C%20K.%20Y.%2C%20Forrester%2C%20D.%20I.%2C%20Haeni%2C%20M.%2C%20Higgins%2C%20S.%20I.%2C%20Holdaway%2C%20R.%20J.%2C%20Iida%2C%20Y.%2C%20Lorimer%2C%20C.%2C%20Marshall%2C%20P.%20L.%2C%20Momo%2C%20S.%2C%20Moncrieff%2C%20G.%20R.%2C%20Ploton%2C%20P.%2C%20Poorter%2C%20L.%2C%20%26%23×2026%3B%20Coomes%2C%20D.%20A.%20%282017%29.%20Allometric%20equations%20for%20integrating%20remote%20sensing%20imagery%20into%20forest%20monitoring%20programmes.%20%3Ci%3EGlob.%20Chang.%20Biol.%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E23%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%20177%26%23×2013%3B190.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fgcb.13388%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fgcb.13388%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DMA8CL33Y%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Allometric%20equations%20for%20integrating%20remote%20sensing%20imagery%20into%20forest%20monitoring%20programmes%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tommaso%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jucker%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Caspersen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J%5Cu00e9r%5Cu00f4me%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chave%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C%5Cu00e9cile%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Antin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicolas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Barbier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Frans%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bongers%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michele%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dalponte%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Karin%20Y%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22van%20Ewijk%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20I%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Forrester%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Matthias%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Haeni%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Steven%20I%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Higgins%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Robert%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Holdaway%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yoshiko%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Iida%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Craig%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lorimer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%20L%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Marshall%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22St%5Cu00e9phane%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Momo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Glenn%20R%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moncrieff%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pierre%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ploton%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lourens%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Poorter%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kassim%20Abd%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rahman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schlund%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bonaventure%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sonk%5Cu00e9%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Frank%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sterck%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anna%20T%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Trugman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Vladimir%20A%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Usoltsev%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mark%20C%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vanderwel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Waldner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Beatrice%20M%20M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wedeux%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wirth%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hannsj%5Cu00f6rg%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22W%5Cu00f6ll%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Murray%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Woods%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wenhua%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Xiang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Niklaus%20E%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zimmermann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20A%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Coomes%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Remote%20sensing%20is%20revolutionizing%20the%20way%20we%20study%20forests%2C%20and%20recent%5Cntechnological%20advances%20mean%20we%20are%20now%20able%20-%20for%20the%20first%20time%20-%20to%5Cnidentify%20and%20measure%20the%20crown%20dimensions%20of%20individual%20trees%20from%5Cnairborne%20imagery.%20Yet%20to%20make%20full%20use%20of%20these%20data%20for%20quantifying%5Cnforest%20carbon%20stocks%20and%20dynamics%2C%20a%20new%20generation%20of%20allometric%20tools%5Cnwhich%20have%20tree%20height%20and%20crown%20size%20at%20their%20centre%20are%20needed.%20Here%2C%20we%5Cncompile%20a%20global%20database%20of%20108753%20trees%20for%20which%20stem%20diameter%2C%20height%5Cnand%20crown%20diameter%20have%20all%20been%20measured%2C%20including%202395%20trees%20harvested%5Cnto%20measure%20aboveground%20biomass.%20Using%20this%20database%2C%20we%20develop%20general%5Cnallometric%20models%20for%20estimating%20both%20the%20diameter%20and%20aboveground%20biomass%5Cnof%20trees%20from%20attributes%20which%20can%20be%20remotely%20sensed%20-%20specifically%5Cnheight%20and%20crown%20diameter.%20We%20show%20that%20tree%20height%20and%20crown%20diameter%5Cnjointly%20quantify%20the%20aboveground%20biomass%20of%20individual%20trees%20and%20find%20that%5Cna%20single%20equation%20predicts%20stem%20diameter%20from%20these%20two%20variables%20across%5Cnthe%20world%27s%20forests.%20These%20new%20allometric%20models%20provide%20an%20intuitive%20way%5Cnof%20integrating%20remote%20sensing%20imagery%20into%20large-scale%20forest%20monitoring%5Cnprogrammes%20and%20will%20be%20of%20key%20importance%20for%20parameterizing%20the%20next%5Cngeneration%20of%20dynamic%20vegetation%20models.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22January%202017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fgcb.13388%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221354-1013%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fgcb.13388%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22UUZBHCVC%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-10-22T11%3A16%3A30Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22BB7Q3TSL%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Kimuyu%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EKimuyu%2C%20D.%20M.%2C%20Sensenig%2C%20R.%20L.%2C%20Chira%2C%20R.%20M.%2C%20Githaiga%2C%20J.%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Young%2C%20T.%20P.%20%282017%29.%20Spatial%20scales%20influence%20long-term%20response%20of%20herbivores%20to%20prescribed%20burning%20in%20a%20savanna%20ecosystem.%20%3Ci%3EInternational%20Journal%20of%20Wildland%20Fire%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E26%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29%2C%20287%26%23×2013%3B295.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1071%5C%2FWF16152%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1071%5C%2FWF16152%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DBB7Q3TSL%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Spatial%20scales%20influence%20long-term%20response%20of%20herbivores%20to%20prescribed%20burning%20in%20a%20savanna%20ecosystem%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Duncan%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kimuyu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ryan%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sensenig%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Robert%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chira%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Githaiga%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Truman%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Young%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Both%20wild%20and%20prescribed%20fire%20in%20savanna%20ecosystems%20influence%20habitat%20use%20by%20herbivores%20by%20creating%20or%20maintaining%20spatial%20and%20temporal%20heterogeneity%20in%20forage%20quality%20and%20vegetation%20cover.%20Yet%20little%20is%20known%20about%20how%20spatial%20scales%20influence%20long-term%20persistence%20of%20fire%20effects.%20We%20examined%20changes%20over%20a%206-year%20period%20in%20herbivore%20preference%20for%20experimentally%20burned%20patches%20that%20varied%20in%20spatial%20extent%20and%20grain.%20Avoidance%20for%20the%20burns%20by%20elephants%20and%20preference%20for%20the%20burns%20by%20impala%20and%20Grant%27s%20gazelle%20decreased%20significantly.%20For%20the%20rest%20of%20the%20species%20%28zebra%2C%20eland%2C%20oryx%2C%20hartebeest%2C%20warthog%20and%20hare%29%2C%20there%20were%20no%20significant%20changes%20in%20preference%20for%20the%20burns.%20Changes%20in%20preference%20for%20the%20burned%20areas%20depended%20on%20the%20spatial%20extent%20and%20grain%20of%20the%20burn%2C%20with%20intermediate-size%20%289-ha%29%20burns%20and%20large%20%288-ha%29%20patchy%20burns%20being%20more%20preferred%206-7%20years%20after%20fire.%20Grain%2C%20but%20not%20the%20spatial%20extent%20of%20the%20burned%20area%2C%20influenced%20changes%20in%20grass%20height.%20Fire%20resulted%20in%20a%20delayed%20reduced%20tree%20density%20irrespective%20of%20the%20spatial%20scale%20of%20the%20burn.%20Results%20of%20this%20study%20indicate%20that%2C%20depending%20on%20the%20scale%20of%20fire%20prescription%2C%20the%20impacts%20of%20fire%20on%20herbivores%20may%20last%20longer%20than%20previous%20studies%20suggest.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1071%5C%2FWF16152%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2210498001%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A00%3A05Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ZG368GLR%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Kr%5Cu00fcgel%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EKr%26%23xFC%3Bgel%2C%20J.%20P.%20%282017%29.%20Chapter%207%3A%20Results.%20%3Ci%3EExplaining%20Resistance%20to%20Change%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%2099%26%23×2013%3B120.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.5771%5C%2F9783845284576-98%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.5771%5C%2F9783845284576-98%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DZG368GLR%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Chapter%207%3A%20Results%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jan%20Philipp%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kr%5Cu00fcgel%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.5771%5C%2F9783845284576-98%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A44%3A22Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%229XKJNRFT%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Li%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELi%2C%20W.%2C%20Li%2C%20J.%2C%20Liu%2C%20S.%2C%20Zhang%2C%20R.%2C%20Qi%2C%20W.%2C%20Zhang%2C%20R.%2C%20Knops%2C%20J.%20M.%20H.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Lu%2C%20J.%20%282017%29.%20Magnitude%20of%20Species%20Diversity%20Effect%20on%20Aboveground%20Plant%20Biomass%20Increases%20Through%20Successional%20Time%20of%20Abandoned%20Farmlands%20on%20the%20Eastern%20Tibetan%20Plateau%20of%20China.%20%3Ci%3ELand%20Degradation%20and%20Development%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E28%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%20370%26%23×2013%3B378.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fldr.2607%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fldr.2607%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D9XKJNRFT%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Magnitude%20of%20Species%20Diversity%20Effect%20on%20Aboveground%20Plant%20Biomass%20Increases%20Through%20Successional%20Time%20of%20Abandoned%20Farmlands%20on%20the%20Eastern%20Tibetan%20Plateau%20of%20China%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wenjin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Li%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jinhua%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Li%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Shuangshuang%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Liu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rulan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zhang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wei%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Qi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Renyi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zhang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Johannes%20M.H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Knops%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Junfeng%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lu%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Recent%20empirical%20and%20theoretical%20studies%20have%20shown%20that%20magnitude%20and%20direction%20of%20biodiversity%20effects%20on%20ecosystem%20functioning%20can%20shifts%20over%20time.%20Here%2C%20we%20used%20species%20richness%20and%20plant%20abundance%20%28total%20individual%20plant%20stem%20density%29%20as%20proxies%20for%20species%20diversity%20and%20aboveground%20biomass%20for%20productivity.%20We%20used%20an%20analytical%20approach%20combining%20both%20chronosequence%20and%206%20year%20of%20vegetation%20monitoring%20in%20a%20subalpine%20ecosystem%20as%20a%20model%20system%20to%20assess%20temporal%20species%20richness%5Cu2013abundance%5Cu2013aboveground%20biomass%20relationships%20at%20different%20successional%20stages%20and%20spatial%20scales.%20We%20observed%20that%20both%20species%20richness%20and%20plant%20aboveground%20biomass%20increased%20rapidly%20early%20in%20succession%20after%20land%20abandonment%2C%20then%20after%2010%20years%20of%20abandonment%20reached%20a%20steady%20state.%20We%20found%20that%20the%20relationship%20between%20species%20richness%20and%20plant%20abundance%20with%20aboveground%20biomass%20was%20strengthening%20over%20successional%20time.%20In%20all%20successional%20stages%2C%20species%20richness%20had%20stronger%20positive%20effects%20as%20compared%20with%20plant%20abundance%20on%20plant%20aboveground%20biomass.%20Species%20richness%20was%20linearly%20correlated%20with%20aboveground%20biomass%2C%20whereas%20plant%20abundance%20showed%20a%20humped-back%20relationship%20with%20aboveground%20biomass%20across%20all%20successional%20stages.%20Our%20results%20showed%20an%20increase%20in%20the%20effect%20of%20plant%20diversity%20over%20time%2C%20and%20a%20combination%20of%20both%20plant%20species%20richness%20and%20abundance%20is%20correlated%20with%20plant%20productivity%20throughout%20successional%20time%2C%20knowledge%20that%20maybe%20important%20to%20managing%20ecological%20restoration%20and%20conservation.%20Copyright%20%5Cu00a9%202016%20John%20Wiley%20%26%20Sons%2C%20Ltd.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2Fldr.2607%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221099145X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A10%3A39Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22MTKJVWCY%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Liang%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017-10%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELiang%2C%20J.-L.%2C%20Li%2C%20X.-J.%2C%20Shu%2C%20H.-Y.%2C%20Wang%2C%20P.%2C%20Kuang%2C%20J.-L.%2C%20Liu%2C%20J.%2C%20Zhang%2C%20M.-M.%2C%20Shu%2C%20W.-S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Huang%2C%20L.-N.%20%282017%29.%20Fine-scale%20spatial%20patterns%20in%20microbial%20community%20composition%20in%20an%20acid%20mine%20drainage.%20%3Ci%3EFEMS%20Microbiology%20Ecology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E93%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2810%29.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1093%5C%2Ffemsec%5C%2Ffix124%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1093%5C%2Ffemsec%5C%2Ffix124%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DMTKJVWCY%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Fine-scale%20spatial%20patterns%20in%20microbial%20community%20composition%20in%20an%20acid%20mine%20drainage%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jie-Liang%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Liang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Xiao-Jing%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Li%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hao-Yue%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pandeng%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jia-Liang%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kuang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jun%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Liu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Miao-Miao%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zhang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wen-Sheng%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Li-Nan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Huang%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017-10%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1093%5C%2Ffemsec%5C%2Ffix124%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221574-6941%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Facademic.oup.com%5C%2Ffemsec%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1093%5C%2Ffemsec%5C%2Ffix124%5C%2F4222789%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A14%3A48Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22F7NUQBRU%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Lipsett%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELipsett%2C%20A.%20S.%20%282017%29.%20%3Ci%3ESpatio-temporal%20effects%20of%20rainfall%20on%20stream%5C%2Friver%20flow%20in%20the%20Kruger%20National%20Park%2C%20South%20Africa.%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%5BMSc%20thesis%5D.%20University%20of%20the%20Witwatersrand.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DF7NUQBRU%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22thesis%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Spatio-temporal%20effects%20of%20rainfall%20on%20stream%5C%2Friver%20flow%20in%20the%20Kruger%20National%20Park%2C%20South%20Africa.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ashely%20S%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lipsett%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20primary%20aim%20of%20this%20research%20project%20is%20to%20scientifically%20investigate%20the%20impact%20that%20climate%20change%20has%20on%20streams%5C%2Frivers%20in%20selected%20regions%20of%20the%20Kruger%20National%20Park%20%28KNP%29.%20Rainfall%20and%20stream%5C%2Friver%20flow%20data%20are%20statistically%20used%20to%20determine%20the%20extent%20to%20which%20rainfall%20events%2C%20and%20in%20particular%2C%20extreme%20rainfall%20events%2C%20influence%20flow%20regimes.%20The%20rainfall%20data%20obtained%20for%20evaluation%20date%20back%20as%20far%20as%201911%2C%20thus%20providing%20a%20near%20100-year%20record%20of%20climate%20variability%20and%20change%20for%20the%20region.%20Stream%5C%2Friver%20gauge%20data%20date%20back%20as%20far%20as%201960%2C%20thus%20allowing%20the%20analyses%20of%20rainfall%20impacts%20on%20streamflow%20for%20over%20half%20a%20century.%20The%20rainfall%20data%20has%20shown%20that%20in%20some%20parts%20of%20KNP%2C%20total%20annual%20rainfall%20is%20increasing%2C%20however%2C%20this%20increase%20in%20total%20annual%20rainfall%20is%20due%20to%20the%20increasing%20severity%20of%20rainfall%20events.%20The%20El%20Ni%5Cu00f1o%20Southern%20Oscillation%20%28ENSO%29%20Is%20impacting%20rainfall%20variability%20in%20northeastern%20South%20Africa%2C%20and%20thus%20rainfall%20events%20are%20more%20sporadic%2C%20with%20longer%20drought%20phases.%20Data%20has%20shown%20a%20mostly%20positive%20correlation%20between%20rainfall%20events%20and%20stream%5C%2Friver%20flow%20trends.%20During%20El%20Ni%5Cu00f1o%20years%2C%20the%20rivers%20of%20KNP%20have%20lower%20than%20average%20flows%2C%20and%20during%20years%20of%20intense%20rainfall%20events%2C%20stream%5C%2Frivers%20have%20an%20above%20average%20flow%20trend.%20Some%20results%20have%20however%20shown%20a%20negative%20correlation%20between%20rainfall%20events%20and%20stream%5C%2Friver%20flow%20trends.%20The%20literature%20suggests%20that%20this%20negative%20correlation%20is%20due%20to%20additional%20impacts%20on%20stream%5C%2Friver%20flow%20such%20as%20anthropogenic%20land%20activities%20%28Mining%2C%20agriculture%2C%20forestry%29.%20Additional%20investigation%20into%20these%20impacts%20can%20be%20done%20through%20future%20research.%20The%20evaluation%20of%20climatic%20parameters%20in%20relation%20to%20flow%20regimes%20in%20a%20protected%20area%20is%20a%20critical%20evaluation%20for%20the%20purposes%20of%20future%20projected%20climate%20change%20and%20hydrological%20change%20in%20the%20KNP.%20Management%2C%20decision%20makers%20and%20policy%20planners%20could%20use%20the%20information%20obtained%20from%20this%20research%20to%20supplement%20their%20current%20water%20restoration%20initiatives%2C%20and%20water%20provisioning%20objectives%2C%20to%20better%20manage%20for%20the%20future.%22%2C%22thesisType%22%3A%22MSc%20thesis%22%2C%22university%22%3A%22University%20of%20the%20Witwatersrand%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%228VPML3VD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-06-24T12%3A43%3A36Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22V7ZUIBI5%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Louw%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELouw%2C%20M.%20A.%2C%20le%20Roux%2C%20P.%20C.%2C%20Meyer-Milne%2C%20E.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Haussmann%2C%20N.%20S.%20%282017%29.%20Mammal%20burrowing%20in%20discrete%20landscape%20patches%20further%20increases%20soil%20and%20vegetation%20heterogeneity%20in%20an%20arid%20environment.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Arid%20Environments%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E141%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%2068%26%23×2013%3B75.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jaridenv.2017.02.007%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jaridenv.2017.02.007%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DV7ZUIBI5%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Mammal%20burrowing%20in%20discrete%20landscape%20patches%20further%20increases%20soil%20and%20vegetation%20heterogeneity%20in%20an%20arid%20environment%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Louw%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22le%20Roux%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Meyer-Milne%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22N.S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Haussmann%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Burrowing%20mammal%20disturbances%20often%20create%20heterogeneity%20within%20landscapes.%20Aardvark%20%28Orycteropus%20afer%29%20are%20extensive%20burrowers%20in%20sub-Saharan%20ecosystems%20and%20play%20an%20important%20role%20in%20structuring%20communities%20in%20arid%20environments.%20The%20burrowing%20activities%20of%20aardvark%20are%20often%20associated%20with%20heuweltjies%20%28nutrient-rich%20mounds%20differing%20in%20soil%20and%20vegetation%20characteristics%20from%20surrounding%20areas%29%20which%20contribute%20strongly%20to%20landscape%20heterogeneity.%20This%20study%20determined%20the%20impact%20of%20aardvark%20burrowing%20and%20heuweltjies%20on%20soil%20and%20vegetation%20characteristics.%20Data%20were%20collected%20at%20four%20microsites%3A%201%29%20at%20each%20burrow%20entrance%20on%20a%20heuweltjie%2C%202%29%20on%20the%20burrowed%20heuweltjie%20%28i.e.%20heuweltjie%20with%20an%20aardvark%20burrow%29%2C%203%29%20on%20the%20nearest%20unburrowed%20heuweltjie%2C%20and%204%29%20on%20the%20adjacent%20matrix.%20Aardvark%20burrowing%20and%20heuweltjies%20both%20impacted%20the%20soil%20and%20vegetation%20characteristics.%20Despite%20having%20more%20moderate%20thermal%20regimes%20than%20other%20microsites%2C%20burrow%20entrances%20were%20largely%20unvegetated.%20Although%20aardvark%20burrowing%20did%20not%20affect%20plant%20species%20richness%20on%20heuweltjies%2C%20it%20decreased%20vegetation%20cover.%20Vegetation%20composition%20differed%20between%20heuweltjies%20and%20the%20matrix%2C%20and%20this%20dissimilarity%20was%20increased%20further%20by%20aardvark%20burrowing.%20As%20a%20result%2C%20the%20combined%20effect%20of%20burrowing%20mammals%20and%20heuweltjies%20increases%20landscape%20heterogeneity.%20This%20emphasises%20the%20important%20ecosystem%20engineering%20role%20that%20aardvark%20have%20in%20arid%20environments%2C%20even%20where%20considerable%20abiotic%20heterogeneity%20already%20exists.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2206%5C%2F2017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.jaridenv.2017.02.007%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2201401963%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%5C%2Fretrieve%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0140196317300368%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22CM9YQJBN%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-15T08%3A05%3A47Z%22%7D%7D%5D%7D
Abreu, R. C. R., Hoffmann, W. A., Vasconcelos, H. L., Pilon, N. A., Rossatto, D. R., & Durigan, G. (2017). The biodiversity cost of carbon sequestration in tropical savanna. Science Advances, 3(8), e1701284. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1701284 Cite

Ahmed, N. M. (2017). Failing States, Collapsing Systems: BioPhysical Triggers of Political Violence. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47816-6{_}1 Cite

Aiello-Lammens, M. E., Slingsby, J. A., Merow, C., Mollmann, H. K., Euston-Brown, D., Jones, C. S., & Silander, J. A., Jr. (2017). Processes of community assembly in an environmentally heterogeneous, high biodiversity region. Ecography, 40(4), 561–576. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.01945 Cite

All, U. T. C. (2017). Tree Community Dynamics in a Humid Savanna of the Cote-d ’ Ivoire : Modelling the Effects of Fire and Competition with Grass and Neighbours Author ( s ): J . C . Menaut , J . Gignoux , C . Prado and J . Clobert Australian Perspectives and Intercontinental. 17(4), 471–481. Cite

Andela, N., Morton, D. C., Giglio, L., Chen, Y., van der Werf, G. R., Kasibhatla, P. S., Defries, R. S., Collatz, G. J., Hantson, S., Kloster, S., Bachelet, D., Forrest, M., Lasslop, G., Li, F., Mangeon, S., Melton, J., Yue, C., & Randerson, J. T. (2017). A human-driven decline in global burned area. Science, 356(June), 1356–1362. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aal4108 Cite

Anthropology, A. (2017). Auto-Ethnography : Paradigms , Problems , and Prospects Author ( s ): David M . Hayano Published by : Society for Applied Anthropology Stable URL : http://www.jstor.org/stable/44125560. 38(1), 99–104. Cite

Armstrong, A. J., & Blackmore, A. (2017). Tsetse flies should remain in protected areas in Kwazulu-Natal. Koedoe, 59(1). https://doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v59i1.1432 Cite

Bean, M. L., & Science, L. (2017). Monte L . Bean Life Science Museum , Brigham Young University RESPONSE OF A SONORAN RIPARIAN FOREST TO A 10-YEAR RETURN FLOOD Author ( s ): J . C . Stromberg , B . D . Richter , D . T . Patten and L . G . Wolden Published by : Monte L . Bean Life Science Museum , Brigham Young University Stable URL : http://www.jstor.org/stable/41712765 REFERENCES Linked references are available on JSTOR for this article : You may need to log in to JSTOR to access the linked references . 53(2), 118–130. Cite

Botanical, M., & Press, G. (2017). Graminoid Responses to Grazing by Large Herbivores : Adaptations , Exaptations , and Interacting Processes Author ( s ): Michael B . Coughenour Source : Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden , Vol . 72 , No . 4 ( 1985 ), pp . 852-863 Published by : Miss. 72(4), 852–863. Cite

Boysen, L. R., Lucht, W., Schellnhuber, H. J., Gerten, D., Heck, V., & Lenton, T. M. (2017). The limits to global-warming mitigation by terrestrial carbon removal. Earth’s Future, 5, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1002/eft2.203 Cite

Brandt, M., Rasmussen, K., Peñuelas, J., Tian, F., Schurgers, G., Verger, A., Mertz, O., Palmer, J. R. B., & Fensholt, R. (2017). Human population growth offsets climate-driven increase in woody vegetation in sub-Saharan Africa. Nature Ecology and Evolution, 1(4), 4–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-017-0081 Cite

Brandt, M., Rasmussen, K., Peñuelas, J., Tian, F., Schurgers, G., Verger, A., Mertz, O., Palmer, J. R. B., & Fensholt, R. (2017). Human population growth offsets climate-driven increase in woody vegetation in sub-Saharan Africa. Nature Ecology and Evolution, 1(4), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-017-0081 Cite

Burkepile, D. E., Fynn, R. W. S., Thompson, D. I., Lemoine, N. P., Koerner, S. E., Eby, S., Hagenah, N., Wilcox, K. R., Collins, S. L., Kirkman, K. P., Knapp, A. K., & Smith, M. D. (2017). Herbivore size matters for productivity–richness relationships in African savannas. Journal of Ecology, 105(3), 674–686. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12714 Cite

Burkepile, D. E., Fynn, R. W. S., Thompson, D. I., Lemoine, N. P., Koerner, S. E., Eby, S., Hagenah, N., Wilcox, K. R., Collins, S. L., Kirkman, K. P., Knapp, A. K., & Smith, M. D. (2017). Herbivore size matters for productivity–richness relationships in African savannas. Journal of Ecology, 105(3), 674–686. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12714 Cite

Case, M. F., & Staver, A. C. (2017). Fire prevents woody encroachment only at higher-than-historical frequencies in a South African savanna. Journal of Applied Ecology, 54(3), 955–962. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12805 Cite

Chambers, L. E., Barnard, P., Poloczanska, E. S., Hobday, A. J., Keatley, M. R., Allsopp, N., & Underhill, L. G. (2017). Southern hemisphere biodiversity and global change: data gaps and strategies. Austral Ecol., 42(1), 20–30. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/aec.12391 Cite

Charles-Dominique, T., Midgley, G. F., & Bond, W. J. (2017). Fire frequency filters species by bark traits in a savanna–forest mosaic. Journal of Vegetation Science, 28(4), 728–735. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.12528 Cite

Chen, L., Jing, X., Flynn, D. F. B., Shi, Y., Kühn, P., Scholten, T., & He, J. S. (2017). Changes of carbon stocks in alpine grassland soils from 2002 to 2011 on the Tibetan Plateau and their climatic causes. Geoderma, 288(February), 166–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.11.016 Cite

Clegg, B. W., & O’Connor, T. G. (2017). Determinants of seasonal changes in availability of food patches for elephants (Loxodonta africana) in a semi-arid African savanna. PeerJ, 2017(6), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3453 Cite

D’Antonio, C. M., Yelenik, S. G., & Mack, M. C. (2017). Ecosystem vs. community recovery 25 years after grass invasions and fire in a subtropical woodland. Journal of Ecology, 105(6), 1462–1474. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12855 Cite

Devine, A. P., McDonald, R. A., Quaife, T., & Maclean, I. M. D. (2017). Determinants of woody encroachment and cover in African savannas. Oecologia, 183(4), 939–951. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-017-3807-6 Cite

Dobriyal, P., Badola, R., Tuboi, C., & Hussain, S. A. (2017). A review of methods for monitoring streamflow for sustainable water resource management. Applied Water Science, 7(6), 2617–2628. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-016-0488-y Cite

Drake, B. L., Hanson, D. T., Lowrey, T. K., & Sharp, Z. D. (2017). The carbon fertilization effect over a century of anthropogenic CO2 emissions: higher intracellular CO2 and more drought resistance among invasive and native grass species contrasts with increased water use efficiency for woody plants in the US Southwest. Global Change Biology, 23(2), 782–792. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13449 Cite

du Toit, J. C. O., & O’Connor, T. G. (2017). Minimum temperatures and frost at Grootfontein in the eastern Karoo, South Africa, over 98 years. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 72(1), 39–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/0035919X.2016.1218373 Cite

Dzerefos, C. M., Witkowski, E. T. F., & Kremer-Köhne, S. (2017). Aiming for the biodiversity target with the social welfare arrow: medicinal and other useful plants from a Critically Endangered grassland ecosystem in Limpopo Province, South Africa. International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology, 24(1), 52–64. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504509.2016.1174963 Cite

Energy, S. (2017). SHIFTING PATTERNS OF FUEL AND WOOD USE BY HOUSEHOLDS IN RURAL ZIMBABWE Author ( s ): Sonia Vermeulen , S . J . Vermeulen , B . M . Campbell and J . J . Mangono Published by : Sage Publications , Ltd . Stable URL : http://www.jstor.org/stable/43734315. 11(3), 233–254. Cite

Fathy, S. (2017). On behalf of the Murale. Europe, 95(1053–1054), 227–233. Cite

Gallagher, A. J., Creel, S., Wilson, R. P., & Cooke, S. J. (2017). Energy Landscapes and the Landscape of Fear. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 32(2), 88–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2016.10.010 Cite

Gokool, S., Jarmain, C., Riddell, E., Swemmer, A., Lerm, R., & Chetty, K. T. (2017). Quantifying riparian total evaporation along the Groot Letaba River: A comparison between infilled and spatially downscaled satellite derived total evaporation estimates. Journal of Arid Environments, 147, 114–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2017.07.014 Cite

Gokool, S., Jarmain, C., Riddell, E., Swemmer, A., Lerm, R., & Chetty, K. T. (2017). Quantifying riparian total evaporation along the Groot Letaba River: A comparison between infilled and spatially downscaled satellite derived total evaporation estimates. Journal of Arid Environments, 147, 114–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2017.07.014 Cite

Gokool, S., Jarmain, C., Riddell, E., Swemmer, A., Lerm, R., & Chetty, K. T. (2017). Quantifying riparian total evaporation along the Groot Letaba River: A comparison between infilled and spatially downscaled satellite derived total evaporation estimates. Journal of Arid Environments. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2017.07.014 Cite

Gordon, C. E., Eldridge, D. J., Ripple, W. J., Crowther, M. S., Moore, B. D., & Letnic, M. (2017). Shrub encroachment is linked to extirpation of an apex predator. Journal of Animal Ecology, 86(1), 147–157. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12607 Cite

Gray, B. (2017). Towards an Improved Understanding of the Influence of Raingauge Design, Slope and Aspect on Rainfall Measurements: a Cross-Calibration Study. School of Agriculture, Earth and Environmental Science. Cite

Greenwood, S., Ruiz-Benito, P., Martínez-Vilalta, J., Lloret, F., Kitzberger, T., Allen, C. D., Fensham, R., Laughlin, D. C., Kattge, J., Bönisch, G., Kraft, N. J. B., & Jump, A. S. (2017). Tree mortality across biomes is promoted by drought intensity, lower wood density and higher specific leaf area. Ecology Letters, 20(4), 539–553. https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.12748 Cite

Greenwood, S., Ruiz-Benito, P., Martínez-Vilalta, J., Lloret, F., Kitzberger, T., Allen, C. D., Fensham, R., Laughlin, D. C., Kattge, J., Bönisch, G., Kraft, N. J. B., & Jump, A. S. (2017). Tree mortality across biomes is promoted by drought intensity, lower wood density and higher specific leaf area. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Cite

Griffith, D. M., Lehmann, C. E. R., Strömberg, C. A. E., Parr, C. L., Pennington, R. T., Sankaran, M., Ratnam, J., Still, C. J., Powell, R. L., Hanan, N. P., Nippert, J. B., Osborne, C. P., Good, S. P., Anderson, T. M., Holdo, R. M., Veldman, J. W., Durigan, G., Tomlinson, K. W., Hoffmann, W. A., … Bond, W. J. (2017). Comment on “The extent of forest in dryland biomes.” Science, 358(6365), 635–638. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aao1309 Cite

Haley, C. (2017). Nauticaris Marionis, around the Sub-Antarctic Prince Edward Islands. Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 127(null), 41. Cite

Haley, C., von der Meden, C., Atkinson, L., & Reed, C. (2017). Habitat associations and distribution of the hyperbenthic shrimp, Nauticaris marionis, around the sub-Antarctic Prince Edward Islands. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 127, 41–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2017.07.005 Cite

Hempson, G. P., Archibald, S., & Bond, W. J. (2017). The consequences of replacing wildlife with livestock in Africa. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-17348-4 Cite

Hempson, G. P., Archibald, S., & Bond, W. J. (2017). The consequences of replacing wildlife with livestock in Africa. Scientific Reports, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-17348-4 Cite

Hoag, C., & Svenning, J. C. (2017). African Environmental Change from the Pleistocene to the Anthropocene. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 42, 27–54. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-102016-060653 Cite

Holton, L., Deshayes, J., Backeberg, B. C., Loveday, B. R., Hermes, J. C., & Reason, C. J. C. (2017). Spatio-temporal characteristics of Agulhas leakage: a model inter-comparison study. Climate Dynamics, 48(7–8), 2107–2121. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-016-3193-5 Cite

Houlahan, J. E., McKinney, S. T., Anderson, T. M., & McGill, B. J. (2017). The priority of prediction in ecological understanding. Oikos, 126(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.03726 Cite

Jucker, T., Caspersen, J., Chave, J., Antin, C., Barbier, N., Bongers, F., Dalponte, M., van Ewijk, K. Y., Forrester, D. I., Haeni, M., Higgins, S. I., Holdaway, R. J., Iida, Y., Lorimer, C., Marshall, P. L., Momo, S., Moncrieff, G. R., Ploton, P., Poorter, L., … Coomes, D. A. (2017). Allometric equations for integrating remote sensing imagery into forest monitoring programmes. Glob. Chang. Biol., 23(1), 177–190. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13388 Cite

Kimuyu, D. M., Sensenig, R. L., Chira, R. M., Githaiga, J. M., & Young, T. P. (2017). Spatial scales influence long-term response of herbivores to prescribed burning in a savanna ecosystem. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 26(4), 287–295. https://doi.org/10.1071/WF16152 Cite

Krügel, J. P. (2017). Chapter 7: Results. Explaining Resistance to Change, 99–120. https://doi.org/10.5771/9783845284576-98 Cite

Li, W., Li, J., Liu, S., Zhang, R., Qi, W., Zhang, R., Knops, J. M. H., & Lu, J. (2017). Magnitude of Species Diversity Effect on Aboveground Plant Biomass Increases Through Successional Time of Abandoned Farmlands on the Eastern Tibetan Plateau of China. Land Degradation and Development, 28(1), 370–378. https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.2607 Cite

Liang, J.-L., Li, X.-J., Shu, H.-Y., Wang, P., Kuang, J.-L., Liu, J., Zhang, M.-M., Shu, W.-S., & Huang, L.-N. (2017). Fine-scale spatial patterns in microbial community composition in an acid mine drainage. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 93(10). https://doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fix124 Cite

Lipsett, A. S. (2017). Spatio-temporal effects of rainfall on stream/river flow in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. [MSc thesis]. University of the Witwatersrand. Cite

Louw, M. A., le Roux, P. C., Meyer-Milne, E., & Haussmann, N. S. (2017). Mammal burrowing in discrete landscape patches further increases soil and vegetation heterogeneity in an arid environment. Journal of Arid Environments, 141, 68–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2017.02.007 Cite






2016
2592029
2016
items
1
0
author
asc
1
218
https://www.saeon.ac.za/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
%7B%22status%22%3A%22success%22%2C%22updateneeded%22%3Afalse%2C%22instance%22%3A%22zotpress-1bf5dffcedbf4b8bd4d51168039252cf%22%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22request_last%22%3A150%2C%22request_next%22%3A50%2C%22used_cache%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22data%22%3A%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%22ZBSXLYHB%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Aleper%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAleper%2C%20D.%2C%20Lye%2C%20K.%20A.%2C%20Moe%2C%20S.%20R.%2C%20Aleper%2C%20D.%2C%20Lye%2C%20K.%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Moe%2C%20S.%20R.%20%282016%29.%20%3Ci%3ESociety%20for%20Range%20Management%20Response%20of%20Acacia%20sieberiana%20to%20Repeated%20Experimental%20Burning%20Published%20by%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20Society%20for%20Range%20Management%20Stable%20URL%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.jstor.org%5C%2Fstable%5C%2F25146767%20REFERENCES%20Linked%20references%20are%20available%20on%20JSTOR%20for%20this%20article%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20Response%20of%20Acacia%20sieberiana%20to%20Repeated%20Experimental%20Burning%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ci%3E61%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20182%26%23×2013%3B187.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DZBSXLYHB%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Society%20for%20Range%20Management%20Response%20of%20Acacia%20sieberiana%20to%20Repeated%20Experimental%20Burning%20Published%20by%20%3A%20Society%20for%20Range%20Management%20Stable%20URL%20%3A%20http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.jstor.org%5C%2Fstable%5C%2F25146767%20REFERENCES%20Linked%20references%20are%20available%20on%20JSTOR%20for%20this%20article%20%3A%20Response%20of%20Acacia%20sieberiana%20to%20Repeated%20Experimental%20Burning%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Daniel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Aleper%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K%5Cu00e5re%20A%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lye%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stein%20R%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Daniel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Aleper%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kdre%20A%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lye%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stein%20R%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moe%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A43%3A30Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22RN96J4EQ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22All%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAll%2C%20U.%20T.%20C.%20%282016%29.%20%3Ci%3ERainfall%20and%20Grazing%20Effects%20on%20Net%20Primary%20Productivity%20in%20a%20Tropical%20Savanna%20%2C%20India%20Author%20%28%20s%20%29%3A%20C%20.%20B%20.%20Pandey%20and%20J%20.%20S%20.%20Singh%20Published%20by%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20Wiley%20Stable%20URL%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.jstor.org%5C%2Fstable%5C%2F1941451%20REFERENCES%20Linked%20references%20are%20available%20on%20JSTOR%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ci%3E73%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%286%29%2C%202007%26%23×2013%3B2021.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DRN96J4EQ%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Rainfall%20and%20Grazing%20Effects%20on%20Net%20Primary%20Productivity%20in%20a%20Tropical%20Savanna%20%2C%20India%20Author%20%28%20s%20%29%3A%20C%20.%20B%20.%20Pandey%20and%20J%20.%20S%20.%20Singh%20Published%20by%20%3A%20Wiley%20Stable%20URL%20%3A%20http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.jstor.org%5C%2Fstable%5C%2F1941451%20REFERENCES%20Linked%20references%20are%20available%20on%20JSTOR%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22U%20T%20C%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22All%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A43%3A07Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22F6MKV94G%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22All%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAll%2C%20U.%20T.%20C.%20%282016%29.%20%3Ci%3EGrowth%20of%20Prosopis%20Glandulosa%20in%20in%20Response%20to%20Changes%20in%20Aboveground%20and%20Belowground%20Interference%20Author%20%28%20s%20%29%3A%20O%20.%20W%20.%20Van%20Auken%20and%20J%20.%20K%20.%20Bush%20Published%20by%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20Wiley%20Stable%20URL%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.jstor.org%5C%2Fstable%5C%2F2265871%20REFERENCES%20Linked%20references%20are%20ava%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ci%3E78%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29%2C%201222%26%23×2013%3B1229.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DF6MKV94G%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Growth%20of%20Prosopis%20Glandulosa%20in%20in%20Response%20to%20Changes%20in%20Aboveground%20and%20Belowground%20Interference%20Author%20%28%20s%20%29%3A%20O%20.%20W%20.%20Van%20Auken%20and%20J%20.%20K%20.%20Bush%20Published%20by%20%3A%20Wiley%20Stable%20URL%20%3A%20http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.jstor.org%5C%2Fstable%5C%2F2265871%20REFERENCES%20Linked%20references%20are%20ava%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22U%20T%20C%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22All%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A13%3A22Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22P63LZKBY%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Althoff%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAlthoff%2C%20T.%20D.%2C%20Menezes%2C%20R.%20S.%20C.%2C%20de%20Carvalho%2C%20A.%20L.%2C%20de%20Siqueira%20Pinto%2C%20A.%2C%20Santiago%2C%20G.%20A.%20C.%20F.%2C%20Ometto%2C%20J.%20P.%20H.%20B.%2C%20von%20Randow%2C%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20de%20S%26%23xE1%3B%20Barretto%20Sampaio%2C%20E.%20V.%20%282016%29.%20Climate%20change%20impacts%20on%20the%20sustainability%20of%20the%20firewood%20harvest%20and%20vegetation%20and%20soil%20carbon%20stocks%20in%20a%20tropical%20dry%20forest%20in%20Santa%20Teresinha%20Municipality%2C%20Northeast%20Brazil.%20%3Ci%3EForest%20Ecology%20and%20Management%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E360%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%28November%202015%29%2C%20367%26%23×2013%3B375.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.foreco.2015.10.001%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.foreco.2015.10.001%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DP63LZKBY%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Climate%20change%20impacts%20on%20the%20sustainability%20of%20the%20firewood%20harvest%20and%20vegetation%20and%20soil%20carbon%20stocks%20in%20a%20tropical%20dry%20forest%20in%20Santa%20Teresinha%20Municipality%2C%20Northeast%20Brazil%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tiago%20Diniz%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Althoff%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R%5Cu00f4mulo%20Sim%5Cu00f5es%20Cezar%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Menezes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andr%5Cu00e9%20Luiz%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22de%20Carvalho%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alexandre%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22de%20Siqueira%20Pinto%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gabriela%20Ayane%20Chagas%20Felipe%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Santiago%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean%20Pierre%20Henry%20Balbaud%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ometto%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Celso%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22von%20Randow%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Everardo%20Valadares%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22de%20S%5Cu00e1%20Barretto%20Sampaio%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20Brazilian%20semi-arid%20region%20is%20characterized%20by%20low%20and%20erratic%20rainfall%2C%20high%20temperatures%20and%20high%20potential%20evapotranspiration.%20The%20removal%20of%20firewood%20from%20the%20native%20tropical%20dry%20forest%2C%20called%20%5C%22Caatinga%5C%22%2C%20can%20negatively%20impact%20important%20ecosystem%20services%2C%20such%20as%20soil%20conservation%2C%20water%20resources%2C%20biodiversity%20and%20atmospheric%20carbon%20capture%2C%20if%20performed%20in%20an%20unsustainable%20manner.%20Most%20global%20climate%20models%20indicate%20that%20Caatinga%20will%20experience%20temperature%20increases%20and%20rainfall%20decreases%20in%20the%20next%20few%20decades.%20We%20used%20the%20Century%20model%20to%20simulate%20the%20impact%20of%20climate%20changes%20on%20woody%20vegetation%20growth%20and%20on%20vegetation%20and%20soil%20organic%20carbon%20stocks%20in%20a%20Caatinga%20area%20managed%20with%20a%20single%20clear%20cut%20or%20cuts%20every%2010%20years%2C%2015%20years%2C%20and%2020%20years%2C%20followed%20or%20not%20followed%20by%20the%20burning%20of%20plant%20residues%20%28leaves%20and%20small%20branches%29%20left%20after%20firewood%20removal.%20The%20effects%20of%20future%20climate%20projections%2C%20%28LOW%2C%20MIDI%20and%20HIGH%20members%20of%20the%20climate%20scenario%20SRES%20A1B%2C%20which%20corresponded%20to%20different%20CO2%20emission%20predictions%2C%20downscaled%20by%20the%20Eta%5C%2FCPTEC%20model%29%2C%20were%20compared%20to%20those%20of%20the%20projection%20of%20the%20historical%20climate.%20With%20the%20current%20climate%2C%20it%20would%20take%2050years%20to%20regenerate%20the%20Caatinga%20biomass%20stock%20to%20a%20level%20close%20to%20that%20before%20cutting%20after%20a%20single%20cut%2C%20followed%20or%20not%20followed%20by%20fire.%20Therefore%2C%20the%20recommended%20cutting%20cycles%20%2810-20%20years%29%20were%20not%20long%20enough%20to%20allow%20for%20the%20regeneration%20of%20a%20fully%20mature%20Caatinga.%20However%2C%20all%20of%20these%20cycles%20reached%20sustainable%20biomass%20production%20levels%2C%20with%20similar%20total%20productions%20until%20the%20end%20of%20the%20century.%20Under%20these%20conditions%2C%20the%20lower%20proportions%20of%20biomass%20recovery%20of%20shorter%20cycles%20would%20be%20compensated%20by%20more%20frequent%20cutting.%20The%20model%20also%20indicated%20that%20burning%20or%20not%20burning%20the%20residues%20would%20have%20little%20effect.%20On%20the%20contrary%2C%20if%20the%20climate%20changes%20as%20predicted%2C%20the%20biomass%20of%20the%20native%20Caatinga%20vegetation%20and%20soil%20organic%20carbon%20stock%20would%20decrease%20throughout%20this%20century%2C%20even%20without%20cutting%20the%20vegetation.%20All%20of%20the%20cutting%20cycles%20would%20not%20provide%20sustainable%20firewood%20production%2C%20with%20reduced%20production%20after%20each%20consecutive%20cut.%20Therefore%2C%20if%20the%20climate%20changes%20as%20expected%2C%20forest%20management%20legislation%20should%20require%20longer%20periods%20of%20forest%20recovery%20between%20cutting%20cycles%20for%20sites%20with%20environmental%20conditions%20%28e.g.%2C%20climate%2C%20soil%20and%20vegetation%29%20similar%20to%20those%20of%20the%20present%20study.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.foreco.2015.10.001%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2203781127%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.foreco.2015.10.001%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A59%3A06Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22C2DH9Z5W%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Anderson%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAnderson%2C%20T.%20M.%2C%20White%2C%20S.%2C%20Davis%2C%20B.%2C%20Erhardt%2C%20R.%2C%20Palmer%2C%20M.%2C%20Swanson%2C%20A.%2C%20Kosmala%2C%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Packer%2C%20C.%20%282016%29.%20The%20spatial%20distribution%20of%20african%20savannah%20herbivores%3A%20Species%20associations%20and%20habitat%20occupancy%20in%20a%20landscape%20context.%20%3Ci%3EPhilosophical%20Transactions%20of%20the%20Royal%20Society%20B%3A%20Biological%20Sciences%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E371%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281703%29.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1098%5C%2Frstb.2015.0314%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1098%5C%2Frstb.2015.0314%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DC2DH9Z5W%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20spatial%20distribution%20of%20african%20savannah%20herbivores%3A%20Species%20associations%20and%20habitat%20occupancy%20in%20a%20landscape%20context%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%20Michael%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Anderson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Staci%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22White%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bryant%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Davis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rob%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Erhardt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Meredith%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Palmer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alexandra%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Swanson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Margaret%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kosmala%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Craig%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Packer%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Herbivores%20play%20an%20important%20role%20in%20determining%20the%20structure%20and%20function%20of%20tropical%20savannahs.%20Here%2C%20we%20%28i%29%20outline%20a%20framework%20for%20how%20interactions%20among%20large%20mammalian%20herbivores%2C%20carnivores%20and%20environmental%20variation%20influence%20herbivore%20habitat%20occupancy%20in%20tropical%20savannahs.%20We%20then%20%28ii%29%20use%20a%20Bayesian%20hierarchical%20model%20to%20analyse%20camera%20trap%20data%20to%20quantify%20spatial%20patterns%20of%20habitat%20occupancy%20for%20lions%20and%20eight%20common%20ungulates%20of%20varying%20body%20size%20across%20an%20approximately%201100%20km2%20landscape%20in%20the%20Serengeti%20ecosystem.%20Our%20results%20reveal%20strong%20positive%20associations%20among%20herbivores%20at%20the%20scale%20of%20the%20entire%20landscape.%20Lions%20were%20positively%20associated%20with%20migratory%20ungulates%20but%20negatively%20associated%20with%20residents.%20Herbivore%20habitat%20occupancy%20differed%20with%20body%20size%20and%20migratory%20strategy%3A%20large-bodied%20migrants%2C%20at%20less%20risk%20of%20predation%20and%20able%20to%20tolerate%20lower%20quality%20food%2C%20were%20associated%20with%20high%20NDVI%2C%20while%20smaller%20residents%2C%20constrained%20to%20higher%20quality%20forage%2C%20avoided%20these%20areas.%20Small%20herbivores%20were%20strongly%20associated%20with%20fires%2C%20likely%20due%20to%20the%20subsequent%20high-quality%20regrowth%2C%20while%20larger%20herbivores%20avoided%20burned%20areas.%20Body%20mass%20was%20strongly%20related%20to%20herbivore%20habitat%20use%2C%20with%20larger%20species%20more%20strongly%20associated%20with%20riverine%20and%20woodlands%20than%20smaller%20species.%20Large-bodied%20migrants%20displayed%20diffuse%20habitat%20occupancy%2C%20whereas%20smaller%20species%20demonstrated%20fine-scale%20occupancy%20reflecting%20use%20of%20smaller%20patches%20of%20high-quality%20habitat.%20Our%20results%20demonstrate%20the%20emergence%20of%20strong%20positive%20spatial%20associations%20among%20a%20diverse%20group%20of%20savannah%20herbivores%2C%20while%20highlighting%20species-specific%20habitat%20selection%20strongly%20determined%20by%20herbivore%20body%20size.%20This%20article%20is%20part%20of%20the%20themed%20issue%20%5Cu2018Tropical%20grassy%20biomes%3A%20linking%20ecology%2C%20human%20use%20and%20conservation%27.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1098%5C%2Frstb.2015.0314%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2214712970%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A00%3A58Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22IWH66IA2%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ansorge%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016-09-23%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAnsorge%2C%20I.%20J.%2C%20Department%20of%20Oceanography%2C%20University%20of%20Cape%20Town%2C%20Cape%20Town%2C%20South%20Africa%2C%20Brundrit%2C%20G.%2C%20Department%20of%20Oceanography%2C%20University%20of%20Cape%20Town%2C%20Cape%20Town%2C%20South%20Africa%2C%20Brundrit%2C%20J.%2C%20Department%20of%20Fine%20Art%2C%20University%20of%20Cape%20Town%2C%20Cape%20Town%2C%20South%20Africa%2C%20Dorrington%2C%20R.%20A.%2C%20Department%20of%20Biochemistry%20and%20Microbiology%2C%20Rhodes%20University%2C%20Grahamstown%2C%20South%20Africa%2C%20Fawcett%2C%20S.%2C%20Department%20of%20Oceanography%2C%20University%20of%20Cape%20Town%2C%20Cape%20Town%2C%20South%20Africa%2C%20Gammon%2C%20D.%20W.%2C%20Department%20of%20Chemistry%2C%20University%20of%20Cape%20Town%2C%20Cape%20Town%2C%20South%20Africa%2C%20Henry%2C%20T.%2C%20Department%20of%20Oceanography%2C%20University%20of%20Cape%20Town%2C%20Cape%20Town%2C%20South%20Africa%2C%20Hermes%2C%20J.%2C%20South%20African%20Environmental%20Observation%20Network%2C%20Phalaborwa%2C%20South%20Africa%2C%20H%26%23xF6%3Blscher%2C%20B.%2C%20South%20African%20Environmental%20Observation%20Network%2C%20Phalaborwa%2C%20South%20Africa%2C%20d%26%23×2019%3BHotman%2C%20J.%2C%20%26%23×2026%3B%20Oceans%20and%20Coasts%20Division%2C%20Department%20of%20Environmental%20Affairs%2C%20Roggebaai%2C%20South%20Africa.%20%282016%29.%20SEAmester%20%26%23×2013%3B%20South%20Africa%26%23×2019%3Bs%20first%20class%20afloat.%20%3Ci%3ESouth%20African%20Journal%20of%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3EVolume%20112%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%28Number%209%5C%2F10%29.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.17159%5C%2Fsajs.2016%5C%2Fa0171%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.17159%5C%2Fsajs.2016%5C%2Fa0171%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DIWH66IA2%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22SEAmester%20%5Cu2013%20South%20Africa%5Cu2019s%20first%20class%20afloat%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Isabelle%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ansorge%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Department%20of%20Oceanography%2C%20University%20of%20Cape%20Town%2C%20Cape%20Town%2C%20South%20Africa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Geoff%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Brundrit%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Department%20of%20Oceanography%2C%20University%20of%20Cape%20Town%2C%20Cape%20Town%2C%20South%20Africa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Brundrit%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Department%20of%20Fine%20Art%2C%20University%20of%20Cape%20Town%2C%20Cape%20Town%2C%20South%20Africa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rosemary%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dorrington%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Department%20of%20Biochemistry%20and%20Microbiology%2C%20Rhodes%20University%2C%20Grahamstown%2C%20South%20Africa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sarah%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fawcett%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Department%20of%20Oceanography%2C%20University%20of%20Cape%20Town%2C%20Cape%20Town%2C%20South%20Africa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gammon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Department%20of%20Chemistry%2C%20University%20of%20Cape%20Town%2C%20Cape%20Town%2C%20South%20Africa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tahlia%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Henry%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Department%20of%20Oceanography%2C%20University%20of%20Cape%20Town%2C%20Cape%20Town%2C%20South%20Africa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Juliet%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hermes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22South%20African%20Environmental%20Observation%20Network%2C%20Phalaborwa%2C%20South%20Africa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Beate%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22H%5Cu00f6lscher%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22South%20African%20Environmental%20Observation%20Network%2C%20Phalaborwa%2C%20South%20Africa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jethan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22d%5Cu2019Hotman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22South%20African%20Environmental%20Observation%20Network%2C%20Phalaborwa%2C%20South%20Africa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Meiklejohn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Department%20of%20Geography%2C%20Rhodes%20University%2C%20Grahamstown%2C%20South%20Africa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tammy%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Morris%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Department%20of%20Oceanography%2C%20University%20of%20Cape%20Town%2C%20Cape%20Town%2C%20South%20Africa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22South%20African%20Environmental%20Observation%20Network%2C%20Phalaborwa%2C%20South%20Africa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Izidine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pinto%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Climate%20Systems%20Analysis%20Group%2C%20Universityof%20Cape%20Town%2C%20Cape%20Town%2C%20South%20Africa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marcel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22du%20Plessis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Department%20of%20Oceanography%2C%20University%20of%20Cape%20Town%2C%20Cape%20Town%2C%20South%20Africa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Raymond%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Department%20of%20Oceanography%2C%20University%20of%20Cape%20Town%2C%20Cape%20Town%2C%20South%20Africa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Clinton%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Saunders%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Sound%20and%20Vibration%20Research%20Group%2C%20Stellenbosch%20University%2C%20Stellenbosch%2C%20South%20Africa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fannie%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shabangu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Fisheries%20Management%2C%20Department%20of%20Agriculture%2C%20Forestry%20and%20Fisheries%2C%20Roggebaai%2C%20South%20Africa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marc%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22de%20Vos%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Marine%20Research%20Section%2C%20South%20African%20Weather%20Service%2C%20Cape%20Town%2C%20South%20Africa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Walker%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Department%20of%20Conservation%20and%20Marine%20Studies%2C%20Cape%20Peninsula%20University%20of%20Technology%2C%20Cape%20Town%2C%20South%20Africa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gavin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Louw%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Oceans%20and%20Coasts%20Division%2C%20Department%20of%20Environmental%20Affairs%2C%20Roggebaai%2C%20South%20Africa%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016-09-23%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.17159%5C%2Fsajs.2016%5C%2Fa0171%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220038-2353%2C%201996-7489%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fsajs.co.za%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fview%5C%2F3590%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BGDWYJZJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-04-13T19%3A01%3A51Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%226PNGEPVB%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Applications%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EApplications%2C%20S.%20E.%2C%20Feb%2C%20N.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Dyer%2C%20M.%20I.%20%282016%29.%20%3Ci%3EMaximization%20of%20Aboveground%20Grassland%20Production%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20The%20Role%20of%20Defoliation%20Frequency%20%2C%20Intensity%20%2C%20and%20History%20Author%20%28%20s%20%29%3A%20C%20.%20L%20.%20Turner%20%2C%20T%20.%20R%20.%20Seastedt%20and%20M%20.%20I%20.%20Dyer%20Published%20by%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20Wiley%20Stable%20URL%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.jstor.org%5C%2Fstable%5C%2F1941800%20Accessed%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ci%3E3%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%20175%26%23×2013%3B186.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D6PNGEPVB%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Maximization%20of%20Aboveground%20Grassland%20Production%20%3A%20The%20Role%20of%20Defoliation%20Frequency%20%2C%20Intensity%20%2C%20and%20History%20Author%20%28%20s%20%29%3A%20C%20.%20L%20.%20Turner%20%2C%20T%20.%20R%20.%20Seastedt%20and%20M%20.%20I%20.%20Dyer%20Published%20by%20%3A%20Wiley%20Stable%20URL%20%3A%20http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.jstor.org%5C%2Fstable%5C%2F1941800%20Accessed%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Source%20Ecological%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Applications%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22No%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Feb%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M%20I%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dyer%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A54%3A11Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%229FF7PBLF%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Archibald%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016-06%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EArchibald%2C%20S.%20%282016%29.%20%3Ci%3EManaging%20the%20human%20component%20of%20fire%20regimes%3A%20Lessons%20from%20Africa%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20Royal%20Society%20of%20London.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D9FF7PBLF%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22document%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Managing%20the%20human%20component%20of%20fire%20regimes%3A%20Lessons%20from%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sally%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Archibald%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Human%20impacts%20on%20fire%20regimes%20accumulated%20slowly%20with%20the%20evolution%20of%20modern%20humans%20able%20to%20ignite%20fires%20and%20manipulate%20landscapes.%20Today%2C%20myriad%20voices%20aim%20to%20influence%20fire%20in%20grassy%20ecosystems%20to%20different%20ends%2C%20and%20this%20is%20complicated%20by%20a%20colonial%20past%20focused%20on%20suppressing%20fire%20and%20preventing%20human%20ignitions.%20Here%2C%20I%20reviewavailable%20evidence%20on%20the%20impacts%20of%20people%20on%20various%20fire%20characteristics%20such%20as%20the%20number%20and%20size%20of%20fires%2C%20fire%20intensity%2C%20fire%20frequency%20and%20seasonality%20of%20fire%20in%20African%20grassy%20ecosystems%2C%20with%20the%20intention%20of%20focusing%20the%20debate%20and%20identifying%20areas%20of%20uncertainty.%20Humans%20alter%20seasonal%20patterns%20of%20fire%20in%20grassy%20systems%20but%20tend%20to%20decrease%20total%20fire%20emissions%3A%20livestock%20have%20replaced%20fire%20as%20the%20dominant%20consumer%20in%20many%20parts%20of%20Africa%2C%20and%20fragmented%20landscapes%20reduce%20area%20burned.%20Humans%20alter%20the%20season%20and%20time%20of%20day%20when%20fires%20occur%2C%20with%20important%20implications%20for%20fire%20intensity%2C%20tree-grass%20dynamics%20and%20greenhouse%20gas%20%28GHG%29%20emissions.%20Late%20season%20fires%20are%20more%20common%20when%20fire%20is%20banned%20or%20illegal%3A%20these%20later%20fires%20are%20farmore%20intense%20butemit%20fewerGHGs.%20The%20types%20of%20fireswhich%20preserve%20human%20livelihoods%20and%20biodiversity%20are%20not%20always%20aligned%20with%20the%20goal%20of%20reducing%20GHG%20concentrations.%20Current%20fire%20management%20challenges%20therefore%20involve%20balancing%20the%20needs%20of%20a%20large%20rural%20population%20against%20national%20and%20global%20perspectives%20on%20the%20desirability%20of%20different%20types%20of%20fire%2C%20but%20this%20cannot%20happen%20unless%20the%20interests%20of%20all%20parties%20are%20equally%20represented.%20In%20the%20future%2C%20Africa%20is%20expected%20to%20urbanize%20and%20land%20use%20to%20intensify%2Cwhichwill%20imply%20different%20trajectories%20for%20the%20continent%27s%20fire%20regimes.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016-06%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A14%3A06Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%226AUTLZRP%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Archibald%20and%20Hempson%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EArchibald%2C%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Hempson%2C%20G.%20P.%20%282016%29.%20Competing%20consumers%3A%20Contrasting%20the%20patterns%20and%20impacts%20of%20fire%20and%20mammalian%20herbivory%20in%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EPhilosophical%20Transactions%20of%20the%20Royal%20Society%20B%3A%20Biological%20Sciences%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E371%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281703%29.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1098%5C%2Frstb.2015.0309%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1098%5C%2Frstb.2015.0309%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D6AUTLZRP%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Competing%20consumers%3A%20Contrasting%20the%20patterns%20and%20impacts%20of%20fire%20and%20mammalian%20herbivory%20in%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sally%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Archibald%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gareth%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hempson%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Fire%20and%20herbivory%20are%20the%20two%20consumers%20of%20above-ground%20biomass%20globally.%20They%20have%20contrasting%20impacts%20as%20they%20differ%20in%20terms%20of%20selectivity%20and%20temporal%20occurrence.%20Here%2C%20we%20integrate%20continental-scale%20data%20on%20fire%20and%20herbivory%20in%20Africa%20to%20explore%20%28i%29%20how%20environmental%20drivers%20constrain%20these%20two%20consumers%20and%20%28ii%29%20the%20degree%20to%20which%20each%20consumer%20affects%20the%20other.%20Environments%20conducive%20to%20mammalian%20herbivory%20are%20not%20necessarily%20the%20same%20as%20those%20conducive%20to%20fire%2C%20although%20their%20spheres%20of%20influence%20do%20overlap%5Cu2014especially%20in%20grassy%20ecosystems%20which%20are%20known%20for%20their%20frequent%20fires%20and%20abundance%20of%20large%20mammalian%20herbivores.%20Interactions%20between%20fire%20and%20herbivory%20can%20be%20competitive%2C%20facultative%20or%20antagonistic%2C%20and%20we%20explore%20this%20with%20reference%20to%20the%20potential%20for%20alternative%20ecosystem%20states.%20Although%20fire%20removes%20orders%20of%20magnitude%20more%20biomass%20than%20herbivory%20their%20methane%20emissions%20are%20very%20similar%2C%20and%20in%20the%20past%2C%20herbivores%20probably%20emitted%20more%20methane%20than%20fire.%20We%20contrast%20the%20type%20of%20herbivory%20and%20fire%20in%20different%20ecosystems%20to%20define%20%5Cu2018consumer-realms%27.%20This%20article%20is%20part%20of%20the%20themed%20issue%20%5Cu2018Tropical%20grassy%20biomes%3A%20linking%20ecology%2C%20human%20use%20and%20conservation%27.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1098%5C%2Frstb.2015.0309%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2214712970%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A46%3A29Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22F3U3XB85%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Archibald%20and%20Hempson%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EArchibald%2C%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Hempson%2C%20G.%20P.%20%282016%29.%20Competing%20consumers%3A%20Contrasting%20the%20patterns%20and%20impacts%20of%20fire%20and%20mammalian%20herbivory%20in%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EPhilosophical%20Transactions%20of%20the%20Royal%20Society%20B%3A%20Biological%20Sciences%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E371%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281703%29.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1098%5C%2Frstb.2015.0309%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1098%5C%2Frstb.2015.0309%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DF3U3XB85%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Competing%20consumers%3A%20Contrasting%20the%20patterns%20and%20impacts%20of%20fire%20and%20mammalian%20herbivory%20in%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sally%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Archibald%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gareth%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hempson%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Fire%20and%20herbivory%20are%20the%20two%20consumers%20of%20above-ground%20biomass%20globally.%20They%20have%20contrasting%20impacts%20as%20they%20differ%20in%20terms%20of%20selectivity%20and%20temporal%20occurrence.%20Here%2C%20we%20integrate%20continental-scale%20data%20on%20fire%20and%20herbivory%20in%20Africa%20to%20explore%20%28i%29%20how%20environmental%20drivers%20constrain%20these%20two%20consumers%20and%20%28ii%29%20the%20degree%20to%20which%20each%20consumer%20affects%20the%20other.%20Environments%20conducive%20to%20mammalian%20herbivory%20are%20not%20necessarily%20the%20same%20as%20those%20conducive%20to%20fire%2C%20although%20their%20spheres%20of%20influence%20do%20overlap%5Cu2014especially%20in%20grassy%20ecosystems%20which%20are%20known%20for%20their%20frequent%20fires%20and%20abundance%20of%20large%20mammalian%20herbivores.%20Interactions%20between%20fire%20and%20herbivory%20can%20be%20competitive%2C%20facultative%20or%20antagonistic%2C%20and%20we%20explore%20this%20with%20reference%20to%20the%20potential%20for%20alternative%20ecosystem%20states.%20Although%20fire%20removes%20orders%20of%20magnitude%20more%20biomass%20than%20herbivory%20their%20methane%20emissions%20are%20very%20similar%2C%20and%20in%20the%20past%2C%20herbivores%20probably%20emitted%20more%20methane%20than%20fire.%20We%20contrast%20the%20type%20of%20herbivory%20and%20fire%20in%20different%20ecosystems%20to%20define%20%5Cu2018consumer-realms%27.%20This%20article%20is%20part%20of%20the%20themed%20issue%20%5Cu2018Tropical%20grassy%20biomes%3A%20linking%20ecology%2C%20human%20use%20and%20conservation%27.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1098%5C%2Frstb.2015.0309%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2214712970%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A09%3A14Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22Z2XJLCIF%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Baiyegunhi%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBaiyegunhi%2C%20L.%20J.%20S.%2C%20Oppong%2C%20B.%20B.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Senyolo%2C%20M.%20G.%20%282016%29.%20Socio-economic%20factors%20influencing%20mopane%20worm%20%28Imbrasia%20belina%29%20harvesting%20in%20Limpopo%20Province%2C%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Forestry%20Research%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E27%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20443%26%23×2013%3B452.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs11676-015-0168-z%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs11676-015-0168-z%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DZ2XJLCIF%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Socio-economic%20factors%20influencing%20mopane%20worm%20%28Imbrasia%20belina%29%20harvesting%20in%20Limpopo%20Province%2C%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%20J.S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Baiyegunhi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Oppong%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Senyolo%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22In%20South%20Africa%2C%20non-timber%20forest%20products%2C%20especially%20mopane%20worms%20%28Imbrasia%20belina%29%20have%20become%20an%20important%20source%20of%20food%20and%20cash%20income%20for%20rural%20people%20living%20in%20or%20near%20the%20mopane%20woodlands.%20However%2C%20the%20continued%20harvesting%20has%20implications%20for%20long%20term%20management%20of%20the%20mopane%20woodlands%20in%20the%20northern%20parts%20of%20South%20Africa.%20In%20order%20to%20keep%20a%20balance%20between%20mopane%20worm%20harvesting%20and%20biodiversity%2C%20an%20understanding%20of%20socio-economic%20factors%20influencing%20the%20harvest%20at%20household%20level%20is%20vital%20to%20reducing%20depletion%20and%20overexploitation%20of%20the%20mopane%20woodland%20resources.%20This%20study%20evaluated%20the%20socio-economic%20factors%20influencing%20mopane%20worm%20harvesting%20decisions%20in%20rural%20households%20in%20Limpopo%20Province%2C%20South%20Africa%20using%20a%20binary%20logistic%20regression%20model%20based%20on%20a%20household%20survey%20of%20120%20respondents.%20Age%2C%20gender%2C%20education%2C%20income%20from%20mopane%20worm%20sales%2C%20social%20capital%20%28group%20affiliation%29%2C%20household%20size%2C%20lack%20of%20institution%5C%2Flaw%20to%20regulate%20use%2C%20distance%20to%20the%20nearest%20harvesting%20site%2C%20and%20regional%20locations%20were%20statistically%20significant%20factors%20influencing%20household%20mopane%20worm%20harvest%20decisions.%20Implications%20for%20policy%20are%20discussed.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs11676-015-0168-z%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2219930607%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A00%3A18Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%224LND4X48%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bakker%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBakker%2C%20E.%20S.%2C%20Gill%2C%20J.%20L.%2C%20Johnson%2C%20C.%20N.%2C%20Vera%2C%20F.%20W.%20M.%2C%20Sandom%2C%20C.%20J.%2C%20Asner%2C%20G.%20P.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Svenning%2C%20J.%20C.%20%282016%29.%20Combining%20paleo-data%20and%20modern%20exclosure%20experiments%20to%20assess%20the%20impact%20of%20megafauna%20extinctions%20on%20woody%20vegetation.%20%3Ci%3EProceedings%20of%20the%20National%20Academy%20of%20Sciences%20of%20the%20United%20States%20of%20America%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E113%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29%2C%20847%26%23×2013%3B855.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1073%5C%2Fpnas.1502545112%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1073%5C%2Fpnas.1502545112%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D4LND4X48%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Combining%20paleo-data%20and%20modern%20exclosure%20experiments%20to%20assess%20the%20impact%20of%20megafauna%20extinctions%20on%20woody%20vegetation%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elisabeth%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bakker%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jacquelyn%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gill%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christopher%20N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Johnson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Frans%20W.M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vera%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christopher%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sandom%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gregory%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Asner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jens%20Christian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Svenning%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Until%20recently%20in%20Earth%20history%2C%20very%20large%20herbivores%20%28mammoths%2C%20ground%20sloths%2C%20diprotodons%2C%20and%20many%20others%29%20occurred%20in%20most%20of%20the%20World%27s%20terrestrial%20ecosystems%2C%20but%20the%20majority%20have%20gone%20extinct%20as%20part%20of%20the%20late-Quaternary%20extinctions.%20How%20has%20this%20large-scale%20removal%20of%20large%20herbivores%20affected%20landscape%20structure%20and%20ecosystem%20functioning%3F%20In%20this%20review%2C%20we%20combine%20paleo-data%20with%20information%20from%20modern%20exclosure%20experiments%20to%20assess%20the%20impact%20of%20large%20herbivores%20%28and%20their%20disappearance%29%20on%20woody%20species%2C%20landscape%20structure%2C%20and%20ecosystem%20functions.%20In%20modern%20landscapes%20characterized%20by%20intense%20herbivory%2C%20woody%20plants%20can%20persist%20by%20defending%20themselves%20or%20by%20association%20with%20defended%20species%2C%20can%20persist%20by%20growing%20in%20places%20that%20are%20physically%20inaccessible%20to%20herbivores%2C%20or%20can%20persist%20where%20high%20predator%20activity%20limits%20foraging%20by%20herbivores.%20At%20the%20landscape%20scale%2C%20different%20herbivore%20densities%20and%20assemblages%20may%20result%20in%20dynamic%20gradients%20in%20woody%20cover.%20The%20late-Quaternary%20extinctions%20were%20natural%20experiments%20in%20large-herbivore%20removal%3B%20the%20paleoecological%20record%20shows%20evidence%20of%20widespread%20changes%20in%20community%20composition%20and%20ecosystem%20structure%20and%20function%2C%20consistent%20with%20modern%20exclosure%20experiments.%20We%20propose%20a%20conceptual%20framework%20that%20describes%20the%20impact%20of%20large%20herbivores%20on%20woody%20plant%20abundance%20mediated%20by%20herbivore%20diversity%20and%20density%2C%20predicting%20that%20herbivore%20suppression%20of%20woody%20plants%20is%20strongest%20where%20herbivore%20diversity%20is%20high.%20We%20conclude%20that%20the%20decline%20of%20large%20herbivores%20induces%20major%20alterations%20in%20landscape%20structure%20and%20ecosystem%20functions.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1073%5C%2Fpnas.1502545112%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2210916490%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A01%3A40Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22KNYTRD44%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Beard%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBeard%2C%20J.%20S.%20%282016%29.%20%3Ci%3EThe%20Savanna%20Vegetation%20of%20Northern%20Tropical%20America%20Author%20%28%20s%20%29%3A%20J%20.%20S%20.%20Beard%20Published%20by%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20Wiley%20Stable%20URL%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.jstor.org%5C%2Fstable%5C%2F1948518%20JSTOR%20is%20a%20not-for-profit%20service%20that%20helps%20scholars%20%2C%20researchers%20%2C%20and%20students%20discover%20%2C%20use%20%2C%20and%20b%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ci%3E23%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20149%26%23×2013%3B215.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DKNYTRD44%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20Savanna%20Vegetation%20of%20Northern%20Tropical%20America%20Author%20%28%20s%20%29%3A%20J%20.%20S%20.%20Beard%20Published%20by%20%3A%20Wiley%20Stable%20URL%20%3A%20http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.jstor.org%5C%2Fstable%5C%2F1948518%20JSTOR%20is%20a%20not-for-profit%20service%20that%20helps%20scholars%20%2C%20researchers%20%2C%20and%20students%20discover%20%2C%20use%20%2C%20and%20b%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J%20S%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Beard%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A03%3A01Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22WSHSCHFF%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bloom%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBloom%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Chapin%2C%20F.%20S.%2C%20Mooney%2C%20H.%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Bloom%2C%20A.%20J.%20%282016%29.%20%3Ci%3EResource%20Limitation%20in%20Plants%26%23×2013%3BAn%20Economic%20Analogy%20Published%20by%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20Annual%20Reviews%20Linked%20references%20are%20available%20on%20JSTOR%20for%20this%20article%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20PLANTS-AN%20ECONOMIC%20ANALOGY%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ci%3E16%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281985%29%2C%20363%26%23×2013%3B392.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DWSHSCHFF%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Resource%20Limitation%20in%20Plants%5Cu2013An%20Economic%20Analogy%20Published%20by%20%3A%20Annual%20Reviews%20Linked%20references%20are%20available%20on%20JSTOR%20for%20this%20article%20%3A%20PLANTS-AN%20ECONOMIC%20ANALOGY%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Arnold%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bloom%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22F%20Stuart%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chapin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Harold%20A%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mooney%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Arnold%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bloom%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A02%3A44Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22CNGIA9PL%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Boland%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBoland%2C%20J.%20M.%20%282016%29.%20The%20impact%20of%20an%20invasive%20ambrosia%20beetle%20on%20the%20riparian%20habitats%20of%20the%20Tijuana%20River%20Valley%2C%20California.%20%3Ci%3EPeerJ%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E2016%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%286%29.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.7717%5C%2Fpeerj.2141%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.7717%5C%2Fpeerj.2141%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DCNGIA9PL%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20impact%20of%20an%20invasive%20ambrosia%20beetle%20on%20the%20riparian%20habitats%20of%20the%20Tijuana%20River%20Valley%2C%20California%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Boland%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20Tijuana%20River%20Valley%20is%20the%20first%20natural%20habitat%20in%20California%20to%20be%20substantially%20invaded%20by%20the%20Kuroshio%20Shot%20Hole%20Borer%20%28KSHB%2C%20Euwallacea%20sp.%29%2C%20an%20ambrosia%20beetle%20native%20to%20Southeast%20Asia.%20This%20paper%20documents%20the%20distribution%20of%20the%20KSHB%20in%20the%20riparian%20vegetation%20in%20the%20valley%20and%20assesses%20the%20damage%20done%20to%20the%20vegetation%20as%20of%20early%202016%2C%20approximately%20six%20months%20after%20the%20beetle%20was%20first%20observed%20in%20the%20valley.%20I%20divided%20the%20riparian%20habitats%20into%2029%20survey%20units%20so%20that%20the%20vegetation%20within%20each%20unit%20was%20relatively%20homogenous%20in%20terms%20of%20plant%20species%20composition%2C%20age%20and%20density.%20From%20a%20random%20point%20within%20each%20unit%2C%20I%20examined%20approximately%2060%20individuals%20of%20the%20dominant%20plant%20species%20for%20evidence%20of%20KSHB%20infestation%20and%20evidence%20of%20major%20damage%20such%20as%20limb%20breakage.%20In%20the%2022%20forested%20units%2C%20I%20examined%20the%20dominant%20arroyo%20and%20black%20willows%20%28Salix%20lasiolepis%20Benth.%20and%20S.%20gooddingii%20C.R.%20Ball%29%2C%20and%20in%20the%20seven%20scrub%20units%2C%20I%20examined%20mule%20fat%20%28Baccharis%20salicifolia%20%28Ruiz%20%26%20Pav.%29%20Pers.%29.%20Evidence%20of%20KSHB%20infestation%20was%20found%20in%2025%20of%20the%2029%20units.%20In%20the%20forest%20units%2C%20infestation%20rates%20ranged%20from%200%20to%20100%25%20and%20were%20high%20%28%5C%5Ctextgreater%2060%25%29%20in%2016%20of%20the%20units.%20In%20the%20scrub%20units%2C%20infestation%20rates%20ranged%20from%200%20to%2033%25.%20Infestation%20rates%20were%20significantly%20correlated%20with%20the%20wetness%20of%20a%20unit%3B%20wetter%20units%20had%20higher%20infestation%20rates.%20Evidence%20of%20major%20physical%20damage%20was%20found%20in%2024%20units%2C%20and%20dense%20stands%20of%20willows%20were%20reduced%20to%20broken%20trunks%20in%20several%20areas.%20Overall%2C%20I%20estimated%20that%20more%20than%20280%2C000%20%2870%25%29%20of%20the%20willows%20in%20the%20valley%20were%20infested%2C%20and%20more%20than%20140%2C000%20had%20suffered%20major%20limb%20damage.%20In%20addition%2C%20I%20recorded%20evidence%20of%20KSHB%20infestation%20in%20the%20other%20common%20plant%20species%20in%20the%20valley%3B%20of%20the%2023%20species%20examined%2C%2014%20showed%20evidence%20of%20beetle%20attack.%20The%20four%20species%20with%20the%20highest%20rates%20of%20infestation%20were%20native%20trees%20in%20the%20Salicaceae%20family.%20The%20three%20species%20considered%20to%20be%20the%20worst%20invasive%20plants%20in%20the%20valley%2C%20Ricinus%20communis%20L.%2C%20Tamarix%20ramosissima%20Ledeb.%20and%20Arundo%20donax%20L.%2C%20had%20low%20rates%20of%20infestation.%20Several%20findings%20from%20this%20study%20have%20significance%20for%20resource%20managers%3A%20%281%29%20the%20KSHB%20attack%20caused%20extensive%20mortality%20of%20trees%20soon%20after%20being%20first%20discovered%20so%2C%20if%20managers%20are%20to%20control%20the%20spread%20of%20the%20beetle%2C%20they%20will%20need%20to%20develop%20an%20effective%20early%20detection%20and%20rapid%20response%20program%3B%20%282%29%20infestation%20rates%20were%20highest%20in%20units%20that%20were%20wet%2C%20so%20resource%20managers%20trying%20to%20detect%20the%20beetle%20in%20other%20areas%20should%20thoroughly%20search%20trees%20near%20water%2C%20particularly%20nutrient-enriched%20water%3B%20%283%29%20the%20infestation%20appears%20to%20be%20a%20novel%20form%20of%20disturbance%2C%20and%20the%20affected%20forests%20may%20need%20special%20management%20actions%20in%20order%20to%20recover%3B%20and%20%284%29%20the%20infestation%20has%20altered%20the%20structure%20of%20the%20forest%20canopy%2C%20and%20this%20is%20likely%20to%20promote%20the%20growth%20of%20invasive%20plant%20species%20that%20were%20relatively%20inconspicuous%20in%20the%20forests%20prior%20to%20the%20beetle%20attack%20but%20will%20now%20need%20more%20attention.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.7717%5C%2Fpeerj.2141%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2221678359%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A00%3A11Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22YBGIX98R%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bond%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBond%2C%20W.%20J.%20%282016%29.%20Ancient%20grasslands%20at%20risk.%20%3Ci%3EScience%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E351%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%286269%29%2C%20120%26%23×2013%3B122.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1126%5C%2Fscience.aad5132%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1126%5C%2Fscience.aad5132%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DYBGIX98R%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Ancient%20grasslands%20at%20risk%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bond%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1126%5C%2Fscience.aad5132%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2210959203%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A53%3A09Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22GZ3YYBZA%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bond%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBond%2C%20W.%20J.%2C%20Smythe%2C%20K.%2C%20Balfour%2C%20D.%20A.%2C%20Journal%2C%20S.%2C%20Jan%2C%20N.%2C%20Bond%2C%20W.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Smythe%2C%20K.%20%282016%29.%20%3Ci%3EAcacia%20Species%20Turnover%20in%20Space%20and%20Time%20in%20an%20African%20Savanna%20Published%20by%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20Wiley%20Stable%20URL%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.jstor.org%5C%2Fstable%5C%2F2656165%20Accessed%26%23x202F%3B%3A%2005-07-2016%2007%26%23x202F%3B%3A%2017%20UTC%20Your%20use%20of%20the%20JSTOR%20archive%20indicates%20your%20acceptance%20of%20the%20Terms%20%26amp%3B%20Conditions%20of%20Us%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ci%3E28%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%20117%26%23×2013%3B128.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DGZ3YYBZA%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Acacia%20Species%20Turnover%20in%20Space%20and%20Time%20in%20an%20African%20Savanna%20Published%20by%20%3A%20Wiley%20Stable%20URL%20%3A%20http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.jstor.org%5C%2Fstable%5C%2F2656165%20Accessed%20%3A%2005-07-2016%2007%20%3A%2017%20UTC%20Your%20use%20of%20the%20JSTOR%20archive%20indicates%20your%20acceptance%20of%20the%20Terms%20%26%20Conditions%20of%20Us%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bond%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Keri-ann%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Smythe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dave%20A%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Balfour%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Source%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Journal%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22No%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bond%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Keri-ann%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Smythe%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A02%3A50Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%229JA8IQPI%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Brandt%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBrandt%2C%20M.%2C%20Hiernaux%2C%20P.%2C%20Tagesson%2C%20T.%2C%20Verger%2C%20A.%2C%20Rasmussen%2C%20K.%2C%20Diouf%2C%20A.%20A.%2C%20Mbow%2C%20C.%2C%20Mougin%2C%20E.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Fensholt%2C%20R.%20%282016%29.%20Woody%20plant%20cover%20estimation%20in%20drylands%20from%20Earth%20Observation%20based%20seasonal%20metrics.%20%3Ci%3ERemote%20Sensing%20of%20Environment%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E172%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%2028%26%23×2013%3B38.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.rse.2015.10.036%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.rse.2015.10.036%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D9JA8IQPI%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Woody%20plant%20cover%20estimation%20in%20drylands%20from%20Earth%20Observation%20based%20seasonal%20metrics%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Brandt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pierre%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hiernaux%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Torbern%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tagesson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Aleixandre%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Verger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kjeld%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rasmussen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Abdoul%20Aziz%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Diouf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cheikh%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mbow%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eric%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mougin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rasmus%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fensholt%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22From%20in%20situ%20measured%20woody%20cover%20we%20develop%20a%20phenology%20driven%20model%20to%20estimate%20the%20canopy%20cover%20of%20woody%20species%20in%20the%20Sahelian%20drylands%20at%201km%20scale.%20The%20model%20estimates%20the%20total%20canopy%20cover%20of%20all%20woody%20phanerophytes%20and%20the%20concept%20is%20based%20on%20the%20significant%20difference%20in%20phenophases%20of%20dryland%20trees%2C%20shrubs%20and%20bushes%20as%20compared%20to%20that%20of%20the%20herbaceous%20plants.%20Whereas%20annual%20herbaceous%20plants%20are%20only%20green%20during%20the%20rainy%20season%20and%20senescence%20occurs%20shortly%20after%20flowering%20towards%20the%20last%20rains%2C%20most%20woody%20plants%20remain%20photosynthetically%20active%20over%20large%20parts%20of%20the%20year.%20We%20use%20Moderate%20Resolution%20Imaging%20Spectroradiometer%20%28MODIS%29%20and%20Satellite%20pour%20l%27Observation%20de%20la%20Terre%20%28SPOT%29%20-%20VEGETATION%20%28VGT%29%20Fraction%20of%20Absorbed%20Photosynthetically%20Active%20Radiation%20%28FAPAR%29%20time%20series%20and%20test%2010%20metrics%20representing%20the%20annual%20FAPAR%20dynamics%20for%20their%20ability%20to%20reproduce%20in%20situ%20woody%20cover%20at%2043%20sites%20%28163%20observations%20between%201993%20and%202013%29%20in%20the%20Sahel.%20Both%20multi-year%20field%20data%20and%20satellite%20metrics%20are%20averaged%20to%20produce%20a%20steady%20map.%20Multiple%20regression%20models%20using%20the%20integral%20of%20FAPAR%20from%20the%20onset%20of%20the%20dry%20season%20to%20the%20onset%20of%20the%20rainy%20season%2C%20the%20start%20date%20of%20the%20growing%20season%20and%20the%20rate%20of%20decrease%20of%20the%20FAPAR%20curve%20achieve%20a%20cross%20validated%20r2%5C%2FRMSE%20%28in%20%25%20woody%20cover%29%20of%200.73%5C%2F3.0%20%28MODIS%29%20and%200.70%5C%2F3.2%20%28VGT%29.%20The%20extrapolation%20to%20Sahel%20scale%20shows%20agreement%20between%20VGT%20and%20MODIS%20at%20an%20almost%20nine%20times%20higher%20woody%20cover%20than%20in%20the%20global%20tree%20cover%20product%20MOD44B%20which%20only%20captures%20trees%20of%20a%20certain%20minimum%20size.%20The%20derived%20woody%20cover%20map%20of%20the%20Sahel%20is%20made%20publicly%20available%20and%20represents%20an%20improvement%20of%20existing%20products%20and%20a%20contribution%20for%20future%20studies%20of%20drylands%20quantifying%20carbon%20stocks%2C%20climate%20change%20assessment%2C%20as%20well%20as%20parametrization%20of%20vegetation%20dynamic%20models.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.rse.2015.10.036%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2200344257%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.rse.2015.10.036%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A44%3A08Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22TURDVMEF%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Brown%20and%20Archer%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBrown%2C%20A.%20J.%20R.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Archer%2C%20S.%20%282016%29.%20%3Ci%3EInternational%20Association%20for%20Ecology%20Woody%20Plant%20Invasion%20of%20Grasslands%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20Establishment%20of%20Honey%20Mesquite%20%28%20Prosopis%20glandulosa%20var%20.%20glandulosa%20%29%20on%20Sites%20Differing%20in%20Herbaceous%20Biomass%20and%20Grazing%20History%20Published%20by%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20Springer%20in%20cooperation%20with%20In%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ci%3E80%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%2019%26%23×2013%3B26.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DTURDVMEF%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22International%20Association%20for%20Ecology%20Woody%20Plant%20Invasion%20of%20Grasslands%20%3A%20Establishment%20of%20Honey%20Mesquite%20%28%20Prosopis%20glandulosa%20var%20.%20glandulosa%20%29%20on%20Sites%20Differing%20in%20Herbaceous%20Biomass%20and%20Grazing%20History%20Published%20by%20%3A%20Springer%20in%20cooperation%20with%20In%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Author%20J%20R%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Brown%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Steve%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Archer%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A04%3A16Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22DMPE38N9%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Burkepile%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBurkepile%2C%20D.%20E.%2C%20Thompson%2C%20D.%20I.%2C%20Fynn%2C%20R.%20W.%2C%20Koerner%2C%20S.%20E.%2C%20Eby%2C%20S.%2C%20Govender%2C%20N.%2C%20Hagenah%2C%20N.%2C%20Lemoine%2C%20N.%20P.%2C%20Matchett%2C%20K.%20J.%2C%20Wilcox%2C%20K.%20R.%2C%20Collins%2C%20S.%20L.%2C%20Kirkman%2C%20K.%20P.%2C%20Knapp%2C%20A.%20K.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Smith%2C%20M.%20D.%20%282016%29.%20Fire%20frequency%20drives%20habitat%20selection%20by%20a%20diverse%20herbivore%20guild%20impacting%20top-down%20control%20of%20plant%20communities%20in%20an%20African%20savanna.%20%3Ci%3EOikos%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E125%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2811%29%2C%201636%26%23×2013%3B1646.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2Fdoi%3A%2010.1111%5C%2Foik.02987%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2Fdoi%3A%2010.1111%5C%2Foik.02987%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DDMPE38N9%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Fire%20frequency%20drives%20habitat%20selection%20by%20a%20diverse%20herbivore%20guild%20impacting%20top-down%20control%20of%20plant%20communities%20in%20an%20African%20savanna%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Deron%20E%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Burkepile%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dave%20I%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thompson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Richard%20WS%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fynn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sally%20E%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Koerner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stephanie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Eby%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Navashni%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Govender%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicole%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hagenah%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nathan%20P%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lemoine%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Katherine%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Matchett%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kevin%20R%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wilcox%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Scott%20L%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Collins%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kevin%20P%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kirkman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alan%20K%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Knapp%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Melinda%20D%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Smith%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22In%20areas%20with%20diverse%20herbivore%20communities%20such%20as%20African%20savannas%2C%20the%20frequency%20of%20disturbance%20by%20fire%20may%20alter%20the%20top%5Cu2013down%20role%20of%20different%20herbivore%20species%20on%20plant%20community%20dynamics.%20In%20a%20seven%20year%20experiment%20in%20the%20Kruger%20National%20Park%2C%20South%20Africa%2C%20we%20examined%20the%20habitat%20use%20of%20nine%20common%20herbivore%20species%20across%20annually%20burned%2C%20triennially%20burned%20and%20unburned%20areas.%20We%20also%20used%20two%20types%20of%20exclosures%20%28plus%20open%20access%20controls%29%20to%20examine%20the%20impacts%20of%20different%20herbivores%20on%20plant%20community%20dynamics%20across%20fire%20disturbance%20regimes.%20Full%20exclosures%20excluded%5Cnall%20herbivores%20%5Cue02e%200.5%20kg%20%28e.g.%20elephant%2C%20zebra%2C%20impala%29%20while%20partial%20exclosures%20allowed%20access%20only%20to%20animals%20with%20shoulder%20heights%20%5Cue023%200.85%20m%20%28e.g.%20impala%2C%20steenbok%29.%20Annual%20burns%20attracted%20a%20diverse%20suite%20of%20herbivores%2C%20and%20exclusion%20of%20larger%20herbivores%20%28e.g.%20elephant%2C%20zebra%2C%20wildebeest%29%20increased%20plant%20abundance.%20When%20smaller%20species%2C%20mainly%20impala%2C%20were%20also%20excluded%20there%20were%20declines%20in%20plant%20diversity%2C%20likely%20mediated%20by%20a%20decline%20in%20open%20space%20available%20for%20colonization%20of%20uncommon%20plant%20species.%20Unburned%20areas%20attracted%20the%20least%20diverse%20suite%20of%20herbivores%2C%20dominated%20by%20impala.%20Here%2C%5Cnherbivore%20exclusion%2C%20especially%20of%20impala%2C%20led%20to%20strong%20declines%20in%20plant%20richness%20and%20diversity.%20With%20no%20fire%20disturbance%2C%20herbivore%20exclusion%20led%20to%20competitive%20exclusion%20via%20increases%20in%20plant%20dominance%20and%20light%20limitation.%20In%20contrast%2C%20on%20triennial%20burns%2C%20herbivore%20exclusion%20had%20no%20effect%20on%20plant%20richness%20or%20diversity%2C%20potentially%20due%20to%20relatively%20little%20open%20space%20for%20colonization%20across%20exclosure%20treatments%20but%20also%20little%20competitive%20exclusion%20due%20to%20the%20intermediate%20fire%20disturbance.%20Further%2C%20the%20diverse%20suite%20of%20grazers%20and%20browsers%20on%20triennial%20burns%20may%20have%20had%20a%20compensating%20effect%20of%20on%20the%20diversity%20of%20grasses%20and%20forbs.%20Ultimately%2C%20our%20work%20shows%20that%20differential%20disturbance%20regimes%20can%20result%20in%20differential%20consumer%20pressure%20across%20a%20landscape%20and%20result%20in%20heterogeneous%20patterns%20in%20top%5Cu2013down%20control%20of%20community%20dynamics.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22doi%3A%2010.1111%5C%2Foik.02987%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%228VPML3VD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-06-22T07%3A52%3A55Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2244CC2VHE%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Chaboo%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EChaboo%2C%20C.%20S.%2C%20Biesele%2C%20M.%2C%20Hitchcock%2C%20R.%20K.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Weeks%2C%20A.%20%282016%29.%20Beetle%20and%20plant%20arrow%20poisons%20of%20the%20Ju%7C%26%23×2019%3Bhoan%20and%20Hai%7C%7Com%20San%20peoples%20of%20Namibia%20%28Insecta%2C%20Coleoptera%2C%20Chrysomelidae%3B%20Plantae%2C%20Anacardiaceae%2C%20Apocynaceae%2C%20Burseraceae%29.%20%3Ci%3EZooKeys%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E2016%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%28558%29%2C%209%26%23×2013%3B54.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3897%5C%2Fzookeys.558.5957%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3897%5C%2Fzookeys.558.5957%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D44CC2VHE%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Beetle%20and%20plant%20arrow%20poisons%20of%20the%20Ju%7C%27hoan%20and%20Hai%7C%7Com%20San%20peoples%20of%20Namibia%20%28Insecta%2C%20Coleoptera%2C%20Chrysomelidae%3B%20Plantae%2C%20Anacardiaceae%2C%20Apocynaceae%2C%20Burseraceae%29%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Caroline%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chaboo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Megan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Biesele%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Robert%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hitchcock%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrea%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Weeks%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20use%20of%20archery%20to%20hunt%20appears%20relatively%20late%20in%20human%20history.%20It%20is%20poorly%20understood%20but%20the%20application%20of%20poisons%20to%20arrows%20to%20increase%20lethality%20must%20have%20occurred%20shortly%20after%20developing%20bow%20hunting%20methods%3B%20these%20early%20multi-stage%20transitions%20represent%20cognitive%20shifts%20in%20human%20evolution.%20This%20paper%20is%20a%20synthesis%20of%20widely-scattered%20literature%20in%20anthropology%2C%20entomology%2C%20and%20chemistry%2C%20dealing%20with%20San%20%28%5Cu201cBushmen%5Cu201d%29%20arrow%20poisons.%20The%20term%20San%20%28or%20Khoisan%29%20covers%20many%20indigenous%20groups%20using%20so-called%20%5Cu2018click%20languages%27%20in%20southern%20Africa.%20Beetles%20are%20used%20for%20arrow%20poison%20by%20at%20least%20eight%20San%20groups%20and%20one%20non-San%20group.%20Fieldwork%20and%20interviews%20with%20Ju%7C%27hoan%20and%20Hai%7C%7Com%20hunters%20in%20Namibia%20revealed%20major%20differences%20in%20the%20nature%20and%20preparation%20of%20arrow%20poisons%2C%20bow%20and%20arrow%20construction%2C%20and%20poison%20antidote.%20Ju%7C%27hoan%20hunters%20use%20leaf-beetle%20larvae%20of%20Diamphidia%20Gerstaecker%20and%20Polyclada%20Chevrolat%20%28Chrysomelidae%3A%20Galerucinae%3A%20Alticini%29%20collected%20from%20soil%20around%20the%20host%20plants%20Commiphora%20Africana%20%28A.%20Rich.%29%20Engl.%20and%20Commiphora%20angolensis%20Engl.%20%28Burseracaeae%29.%20In%20the%20Nyae%20Nyae%20area%20of%20Namibia%2C%20Ju%7C%27hoan%20hunters%20use%20larvae%20of%20Diamphidia%20nigroornata%20St%5Cu00e5hl.%20Larvae%20and%20adults%20live%20above-ground%20on%20the%20plants%20and%20eat%20leaves%2C%20but%20the%20San%20collect%20the%20underground%20cocoons%20to%20extract%20the%20mature%20larvae.%20Larval%20hemolymph%20is%20mixed%20with%20saliva%20and%20applied%20to%20arrows.%20Hai%7C%7Com%20hunters%20boil%20the%20milky%20plant%20sap%20of%20Adenium%20bohemianum%20Schinz%20%28Apocynaceae%29%20to%20reduce%20it%20to%20a%20thick%20paste%20that%20is%20applied%20to%20their%20arrows.%20The%20socio-cultural%2C%20historical%2C%20and%20ecological%20contexts%20of%20the%20various%20San%20groups%20may%20determine%20differences%20in%20the%20sources%20and%20preparation%20of%20poisons%2C%20bow%20and%20arrow%20technology%2C%20hunting%20behaviors%2C%20poison%20potency%2C%20and%20perhaps%20antidotes.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.3897%5C%2Fzookeys.558.5957%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2213132970%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A50%3A00Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22SXNRHD4X%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Chaplot%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EChaplot%2C%20V.%2C%20Dlamini%2C%20P.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Chivenge%2C%20P.%20%282016%29.%20Potential%20of%20grassland%20rehabilitation%20through%20high%20density-short%20duration%20grazing%20to%20sequester%20atmospheric%20carbon.%20%3Ci%3EGeoderma%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E271%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%2010%26%23×2013%3B17.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.geoderma.2016.02.010%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.geoderma.2016.02.010%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DSXNRHD4X%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Potential%20of%20grassland%20rehabilitation%20through%20high%20density-short%20duration%20grazing%20to%20sequester%20atmospheric%20carbon%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Vincent%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chaplot%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Phesheya%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dlamini%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pauline%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chivenge%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22According%20to%20the%20World%20Resources%20Institute%20%282000%29%2C%20a%20relative%20increase%20of%20carbon%20%28C%29%20stocks%20in%20world%20soils%20by%200.4%25%20per%20year%20would%20be%20sufficient%20to%20compensate%20all%20anthropogenic%20greenhouse%20gas%20emissions.%20Several%20land%20management%20practices%20such%20as%20the%20suppression%20of%20tillage%20in%20agroecosystems%20and%20livestock%20exclusion%20in%20grasslands%20had%20initially%20been%20thought%20to%20store%20more%20carbon%20into%20the%20soil%2C%20but%20recent%20research%20puts%20this%20into%20question.%20In%20a%20context%20where%20finding%20effective%20C%20sequestration%20methods%20is%20urgent%2C%20the%20main%20objective%20of%20this%20study%20was%20to%20assess%20the%20ability%20of%20an%20innovative%20grassland%20management%20practice%20based%20on%20high%20density%20and%20short%20duration%20%28HDSD%29%20grazing%20to%20sequester%20atmospheric%20C%20into%20soils.%20The%20study%20was%20performed%20in%20a%20degraded%20communal%20rangeland%20in%20South%20Africa%20where%20soil%20organic%20C%20%28SOC%29%20depletion%20ranged%20from%205%20to%2095%25%20depending%20on%20the%20degradation%20level%2C%20which%20varied%20from%20non-degraded%20%28ND%3B%20with%20grass%20above%20ground%20coverage%2C%20Cov%20of%20100%25%29%2C%20degraded%20%28D1%3B%2050%20%5C%5Ctextless%20Cov%20%5C%5Ctextless%2075%25%29%2C%20D2%20%2825%20%5C%5Ctextless%20Cov%20%5C%5Ctextless%2050%25%29%20and%20HD%20%28highly%20degraded%3A%20Cov%20%5C%5Ctextless%205%25%29.%20The%20ability%20of%20HDSD%20%281200%20cows%20ha-1%20for%203%20days%20a%20year%29%20to%20replenish%20SOC%20stocks%20was%20compared%20to%20four%20commonly%20used%20strategies%3A%20%281%29%20livestock%20exclosure%20%28E%29%3B%20%282%29%20livestock%20exclosure%20with%20topsoil%20tillage%20%28ET%29%3B%20%283%29%20livestock%20exclosure%20with%20NPK%20fertilization%20%282%3A3%3A3%2C%2022%20at%200.2%20t%20ha-1%29%20%28EF%29%3B%20%284%29%20annual%20burning%20%28AB%29%3B%20all%20treatments%20being%20compared%20to%20traditional%20free%20grazing%20control.%20A%20total%20of%20540%20soil%20samples%20were%20collected%20in%20the%200-0.05%20m%20soil%20layer%20for%20all%20treatments%20and%20degradation%20intensities.%20After%20two%20years%2C%20topsoil%20SOC%20stocks%20were%20significantly%20increased%20under%20EF%20and%20HDSD%2C%20by%20an%20average%20of%2033.4%20%5Cu00b1%200.5%20and%2012.4%20%5Cu00b1%202.1%20g%20C%20m2%20y-1%2C%20respectively.%20In%20contrast%2C%20AB%20reduced%20SOC%20stocks%20by%203.6%20%5Cu00b1%203.0%20g%20C%20m2%20y-1%2C%20while%20the%20impact%20of%20E%20and%20ET%20was%20not%20significant%20at%20P%20%5C%5Ctextless%200.05.%20HDSD%20replenished%20SOC%20stocks%20the%20most%20at%20D1%20and%20D2%20%286.7%20and%207.4%25%20y-1%29%20and%20this%20was%20explained%20by%20grass%20recovery%2C%20i.e.%20a%20significant%20increase%20in%20soil%20surface%20coverage%20by%20grass%20and%20grass%20production.%20HDSD%20is%20cost-effective%2C%20and%20thus%20has%20great%20potential%20to%20be%20widely%20adopted%20by%20smallholder%20farmers.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.geoderma.2016.02.010%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2200167061%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.geoderma.2016.02.010%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A48%3A49Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22DR23BUYL%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Chase%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EChase%2C%20M.%20J.%2C%20Schlossberg%2C%20S.%2C%20Griffin%2C%20C.%20R.%2C%20Bouch%26%23xE9%3B%2C%20P.%20J.%20C.%2C%20Djene%2C%20S.%20W.%2C%20Elkan%2C%20P.%20W.%2C%20Ferreira%2C%20S.%2C%20Grossman%2C%20F.%2C%20Kohi%2C%20E.%20M.%2C%20Landen%2C%20K.%2C%20Omondi%2C%20P.%2C%20Peltier%2C%20A.%2C%20Jeanetta%20Selier%2C%20S.%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Sutcliffe%2C%20R.%20%282016%29.%20Continent-wide%20survey%20reveals%20massive%20decline%20in%20African%20savannah%20elephants.%20%3Ci%3EPeerJ%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E2016%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%288%29%2C%201%26%23×2013%3B24.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.7717%5C%2Fpeerj.2354%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.7717%5C%2Fpeerj.2354%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DDR23BUYL%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Continent-wide%20survey%20reveals%20massive%20decline%20in%20African%20savannah%20elephants%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chase%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Scott%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schlossberg%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Curtice%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Griffin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Philippe%20J.C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bouch%5Cu00e9%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sintayehu%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Djene%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paul%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Elkan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sam%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ferreira%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Falk%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Grossman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Edward%20Mtarima%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kohi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kelly%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Landen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Patrick%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Omondi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alexis%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Peltier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jeanetta%20Selier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Robert%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sutcliffe%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22African%20elephants%20%28Loxodonta%20africana%29%20are%20imperiled%20by%20poaching%20and%20habitat%20loss.%20Despite%20global%20attention%20to%20the%20plight%20of%20elephants%2C%20their%20population%20sizes%20and%20trends%20are%20uncertain%20or%20unknown%20over%20much%20of%20Africa.%20To%20conserve%20this%20iconic%20species%2C%20conservationists%20need%20timely%2C%20accurate%20data%20on%20elephant%20populations.%20Here%2C%20we%20report%20the%20results%20of%20the%20Great%20Elephant%20Census%20%28GEC%29%2C%20the%20first%20continent-wide%2C%20standardized%20survey%20of%20African%20savannah%20elephants.%20We%20also%20provide%20the%20first%20quantitative%20model%20of%20elephant%20population%20trends%20across%20Africa.%20We%20estimated%20a%20population%20of%20352%2C271%20savannah%20elephants%20on%20study%20sites%20in%2018%20countries%2C%20representing%20approximately%2093%25%20of%20all%20savannah%20elephants%20in%20those%20countries.%20Elephant%20populations%20in%20survey%20areas%20with%20historical%20data%20decreased%20by%20an%20estimated%20144%2C000%20from%202007%20to%202014%2C%20and%20populations%20are%20currently%20shrinking%20by%208%25%20per%20year%20continent-wide%2C%20primarily%20due%20to%20poaching.%20Though%2084%25%20of%20elephants%20occurred%20in%20protected%20areas%2C%20many%20protected%20areas%20had%20carcass%20ratios%20that%20indicated%20high%20levels%20of%20elephant%20mortality.%20Results%20of%20the%20GEC%20show%20the%20necessity%20of%20action%20to%20end%20the%20African%20elephants%27%20downward%20trajectory%20by%20preventing%20poaching%20and%20protecting%20habitat.%20Copyright%202016%20Chase%20et%20al.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.7717%5C%2Fpeerj.2354%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2221678359%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A01%3A01Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22I3GF7YFE%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Coetsee%20and%20Wigley%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECoetsee%2C%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Wigley%2C%20B.%20J.%20%282016%29.%20Browser%20impacts%20in%20mapungubwe%20national%20park%2C%20South%20Africa%3A%20Should%20we%20be%20worried%3F%20%3Ci%3EKoedoe%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E58%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%201%26%23×2013%3B10.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.4102%5C%2Fkoedoe.v58i1.1347%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.4102%5C%2Fkoedoe.v58i1.1347%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DI3GF7YFE%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Browser%20impacts%20in%20mapungubwe%20national%20park%2C%20South%20Africa%3A%20Should%20we%20be%20worried%3F%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Corli%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Coetsee%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Benjamin%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wigley%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20study%20explores%20the%20impact%20of%20browsers%20on%20vegetation%20types%20within%20the%20Mapungubwe%20National%20Park%20and%20specifically%20whether%20rocky%20outcrops%20or%20ridges%20in%20the%20park%20serve%20as%20refugia%20from%20browsers%2C%20particularly%20elephants.%20We%20sampled%2080%20transects%20at%2020%20sites%20and%20recorded%201740%20plants%20comprising%2065%20species.%20We%20found%20that%20a%20high%20proportion%20%28%5C%5Ctextgreater%2080%25%29%20of%20the%20woody%20vegetation%20sampled%20indicated%20browser%20utilisation.%20Although%20certain%20woody%20species%20%28e.g.%20Albizia%20harveyi%2C%20Boscia%20albitrunca%2C%20Lannea%20schweinfurthii%29%20appeared%20to%20be%20preferred%20by%20browsers%2C%20browsing%20levels%20were%20relatively%20high%20among%20all%20woody%20species.%20High%20levels%20of%20browsing%20by%20herbivores%20other%20than%20elephants%20suggest%20that%20they%20have%20a%20significant%20impact%20on%20the%20park%27s%20vegetation.%20We%20did%20not%20find%20that%20rocky%20ridges%20acted%20as%20refugia%20to%20browsers%2C%20but%20instead%20found%20that%20vegetation%20in%20rocky%20ridges%20was%20more%20severely%20impacted%20by%20browsers%20than%20vegetation%20in%20flat%20areas%2C%20despite%20vegetation%20being%20more%20accessible%20in%20flat%20areas.%20If%20elephant%20numbers%20continue%20to%20increase%20at%20the%20current%20rate%20%28e.g.%20elephant%20numbers%20doubled%20between%202007%20and%202010%29%2C%20we%20predict%20that%20some%20of%20the%20heavily%20utilised%20species%20will%20become%20locally%20rare%20over%20time.%20Conservation%20implications%3A%20High%20levels%20of%20browsing%20by%20both%20elephant%20and%20smaller%20herbivores%20contribute%20to%20significant%20impacts%20on%20vegetation%20away%20from%20rivers%20in%20Mapungubwe%20National%20Park.%20Without%20management%20interventions%20that%20address%20both%20types%20of%20impact%2C%20structural%20and%20species%20diversity%20are%20bound%20to%20decrease%20over%20the%20short%20to%20medium%20term.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.4102%5C%2Fkoedoe.v58i1.1347%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2220710771%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A02%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22UMJCWFZR%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Coetsee%20and%20Wigley%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECoetsee%2C%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Wigley%2C%20B.%20%282016%29.%20Browser%20impacts%20in%20Mapungubwe%20National%20Park%2C%20South%20Africa%3A%20Should%20we%20be%20worried%3F%20%3Ci%3EKoedoe%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.scielo.org.za%5C%2Fscielo.php%3Fscript%3Dsci%7B%5C%5C_%7Darttext%7B%5C%5C%26%7Dpid%3DS0075-64582016000100011%27%3Ehttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.scielo.org.za%5C%2Fscielo.php%3Fscript%3Dsci%7B%5C%5C_%7Darttext%7B%5C%5C%26%7Dpid%3DS0075-64582016000100011%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DUMJCWFZR%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Browser%20impacts%20in%20Mapungubwe%20National%20Park%2C%20South%20Africa%3A%20Should%20we%20be%20worried%3F%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Coetsee%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22BJ%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wigley%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.scielo.org.za%5C%2Fscielo.php%3Fscript%3Dsci%7B%5C%5C_%7Darttext%7B%5C%5C%26%7Dpid%3DS0075-64582016000100011%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A16%3A00Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%226R55PH28%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Coetzee%20and%20Chown%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECoetzee%2C%20B.%20W.%20T.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Chown%2C%20S.%20L.%20%282016%29.%20Land-use%20change%20promotes%20avian%20diversity%20at%20the%20expense%20of%20species%20with%20unique%20traits.%20%3Ci%3EEcology%20and%20Evolution%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E6%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2821%29%2C%207610%26%23×2013%3B7622.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fece3.2389%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fece3.2389%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D6R55PH28%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Land-use%20change%20promotes%20avian%20diversity%20at%20the%20expense%20of%20species%20with%20unique%20traits%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bernard%20W.T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Coetzee%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Steven%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chown%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Land-use%20change%20may%20alter%20both%20species%20diversity%20and%20species%20functional%20diversity%20patterns.%20To%20test%20the%20idea%20that%20species%20diversity%20and%20functional%20diversity%20changes%20respond%20in%20differing%20ways%20to%20land-use%20changes%2C%20we%20characterize%20the%20form%20of%20the%20change%20in%20bird%20assemblages%20and%20species%20functional%20traits%20along%20an%20intensifying%20gradient%20of%20land%20use%20in%20the%20savanna%20biome%20in%20a%20historically%20homogeneous%20vegetation%20type%20in%20Phalaborwa%2C%20South%20Africa.%20A%20section%20of%20this%20vegetation%20type%20has%20been%20untransformed%2C%20and%20the%20remainder%20is%20now%20mainly%20characterized%20by%20urban%20and%20subsistence%20agricultural%20areas.%20Using%20morphometric%2C%20foraging%20and%20breeding%20functional%20traits%20of%20birds%2C%20we%20estimate%20functional%20diversity%20changes.%20Bird%20species%20richness%20and%20abundance%20are%20generally%20higher%20in%20urban%20and%20subsistence%20agricultural%20land%20uses%2C%20as%20well%20as%20in%20the%20habitat%20matrix%20connecting%20these%20regions%2C%20than%20in%20the%20untransformed%20area%2C%20a%20pattern%20mainly%20driven%20through%20species%20replacement.%20Functionally%20unique%20species%2C%20particularly%20ground%20nesters%20of%20large%20body%20size%2C%20were%2C%20however%2C%20less%20abundant%20in%20more%20utilized%20land%20uses.%20For%20a%20previously%20homogenous%20vegetation%20type%2C%20declines%20in%20the%20seasonality%20of%20energy%20availability%20under%20land-use%20change%20have%20led%20to%20an%20increase%20in%20local%20avian%20diversity%2C%20promoting%20the%20turnover%20of%20species%2C%20but%20reduced%20the%20abundance%20of%20functionally%20unique%20species.%20Although%20there%20is%20no%20simple%20relationship%20between%20land-use%20and%20diversity%20change%2C%20land-use%20change%20may%20suit%20some%20species%2C%20but%20such%20change%20may%20also%20involve%20functional%20homogenization.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2Fece3.2389%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2220457758%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A58%3A17Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22P4WFSWIK%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Collins%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECollins%2C%20C.%2C%20Hermes%2C%20J.%20C.%2C%20Roman%2C%20R.%20E.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Reason%2C%20C.%20J.%20C.%20%282016%29.%20First%20dedicated%20hydrographic%20survey%20of%20the%20Comoros%20Basin%3A%20HYDROGRAPHY%20OF%20THE%20COMOROS%20BASIN.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Oceans%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E121%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%201291%26%23×2013%3B1305.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2F2015JC011418%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2F2015JC011418%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DP4WFSWIK%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22First%20dedicated%20hydrographic%20survey%20of%20the%20Comoros%20Basin%3A%20HYDROGRAPHY%20OF%20THE%20COMOROS%20BASIN%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Collins%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hermes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20J.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Reason%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20Comoros%20Basin%2C%20a%20region%20of%20eddies%20that%20propagate%20into%20the%20Mozambique%20Channel%20and%20subsequently%20the%20Agulhas%20Current%2C%20has%20not%20been%20well%20studied.%20This%20paper%20presents%20the%20%5Cufb01ndings%20from%20the%20%5Cufb01rst%20dedicated%20research%20cruise%20in%20the%20basin.%20ADCP%20data%20collected%20during%20the%20cruise%20show%20that%20the%20circulation%20in%20the%20Comoros%20Basin%20is%20dominated%20by%20the%20strong%20westward%20%5Cufb02owing%20North%20East%20Madagascar%20Current%2C%20which%20bifurcates%20twice%3A%20once%20upon%20encountering%20the%20Davie%20Ridge%20and%20again%20upon%20reaching%20the%20East%20African%20coast.%20One%20of%20the%20branches%20%5Cufb02ows%20southward%20along%20the%20African%20coastline%20and%20appears%20to%20continue%20into%20the%20Mozambique%20Channel%20while%20the%20other%20branch%20turns%20northward%20to%20become%20the%20East%20African%20Coastal%20Current.%20The%20ADCP%20data%20also%20show%20evidence%20of%20a%20cyclonic%20eddy%20along%20the%20northwest%20coast%20of%20Madagascar.%20Water%20mass%20analysis%20indicates%20that%20all%20the%20major%20Indian%20Ocean%20water%20masses%20are%20present%20in%20the%20Comoros%20Basin.%20Surprisingly%2C%20North%20Atlantic%20Deep%20Water%2C%20a%20water%20mass%20previously%20assumed%20to%20only%20occur%20south%20of%20%20168S%20in%20the%20Mozambique%20Channel%2C%20was%20found%20to%20be%20present%20in%20the%20basin%20at%20depths%20below%202000%20m.%20Antarctic%20Intermediate%20Water%20is%20found%20to%20enter%20the%20basin%20via%20two%20routes%3B%20from%20the%20west%20within%20the%20North%20East%20Madagascar%20Current%20and%20from%20the%20south%20within%20the%20northward%20%5Cufb02owing%20Mozambique%20Undercurrent.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2202%5C%2F2016%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2F2015JC011418%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2221699275%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.wiley.com%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2F2015JC011418%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BGDWYJZJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-04-13T19%3A09%3A07Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%229AZMGEG7%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Cooper-Bohannon%20and%20Rebelo%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECooper-Bohannon%2C%20R.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Rebelo%2C%20H.%20%282016%29.%20Predicting%20bat%20distributions%20and%20diversity%20hotspots%20in%20southern%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EItalian%20Journal%20of%20%5C%5Cldots%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.italian-journal-of-mammalogy.it%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fview%5C%2F11722%27%3Ehttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.italian-journal-of-mammalogy.it%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fview%5C%2F11722%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D9AZMGEG7%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Predicting%20bat%20distributions%20and%20diversity%20hotspots%20in%20southern%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cooper-Bohannon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rebelo%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.italian-journal-of-mammalogy.it%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fview%5C%2F11722%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A15%3A43Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22GIZI8UJD%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Daru%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016-01-18%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDaru%2C%20B.%20H.%2C%20van%20der%20Bank%2C%20M.%2C%20Maurin%2C%20O.%2C%20Yessoufou%2C%20K.%2C%20Schaefer%2C%20H.%2C%20Slingsby%2C%20J.%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Davies%2C%20T.%20J.%20%282016%29.%20A%20novel%20phylogenetic%20regionalization%20of%20phytogeographical%20zones%20of%20southern%20Africa%20reveals%20their%20hidden%20evolutionary%20affinities.%20%3Ci%3EJ.%20Biogeogr.%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E43%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%20155%26%23×2013%3B166.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fjbi.12619%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fjbi.12619%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DGIZI8UJD%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20novel%20phylogenetic%20regionalization%20of%20phytogeographical%20zones%20of%20southern%20Africa%20reveals%20their%20hidden%20evolutionary%20affinities%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Barnabas%20H%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Daru%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michelle%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22van%20der%20Bank%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Olivier%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maurin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kowiyou%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yessoufou%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hanno%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schaefer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jasper%20A%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Slingsby%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T%20Jonathan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Davies%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract%20Aim%20Although%20existing%20bioregional%20classification%20schemes%20often%5Cnconsider%20the%20compositional%20affinities%20within%20regional%20biotas%2C%20they%20do%20not%5Cntypically%20incorporate%20phylogenetic%20information%20explicitly.%20Because%5Cnphylogeny%20captures%20information%20on%20the%20evolutionary%20history%20of%20taxa%2C%20it%5Cnprovides%20a%20powerful%20tool%20for%20delineating%20biogeographical%20boundaries%20and%5Cnfor%20establishing%20relationships%20among%20them.%20Here%2C%20we%20present%20the%20first%5Cnvegetation%20delineation%20of%20the%20woody%20flora%20of%20southern%20Africa%20based%20upon%5Cnevolutionary%20relationships.%20Location%20Southern%20Africa.%20Methods%20We%20used%20a%5Cnpublished%20time-calibrated%20phylogenetic%20tree%20for%201400%20woody%20plant%20species%5Cnalong%20with%20their%20geographical%20distributions%20and%20a%20metric%20of%20phylogenetic%5Cnbeta%20diversity%20to%20generate%20a%20phylogenetic%20delineation%20of%20the%20woody%5Cnvegetation%20of%20southern%20Africa.%20We%20then%20explored%20environmental%20correlates%5Cnof%20phylogenetic%20turnover%20between%20them%2C%20and%20the%20evolutionary%5Cndistinctiveness%20of%20the%20taxa%20within%20them.%20Results%20We%20identified%2015%5Cnphylogenetically%20distinct%20biogeographical%20units%2C%20here%20referred%20to%20as%5Cnphyloregions.%20The%20largest%20phyloregion%20broadly%20overlaps%20with%20Savanna%5Cnvegetation%2C%20while%20the%20phyloregion%20overlapping%20with%20the%20south-western%5Cnportion%20of%20the%20Fynbos%20biome%20is%20the%20most%20evolutionarily%20distinct.%20Potential%5Cnevapotranspiration%20and%20mean%20annual%20temperature%20differ%20significantly%20among%5Cnphyloregions%20and%20correlate%20with%20patterns%20of%20phylogenetic%20beta%20diversity%5Cnbetween%20them.%20Our%20phylogeny-based%20delimitation%20of%20southern%20Africa%27s%20woody%5Cnvegetation%20broadly%20matches%20currently%20recognized%20phytogeographical%5Cnclassifications%2C%20but%20also%20highlights%20parts%20of%20the%20Namib%20Karoo%20and%20Greater%5CnLimpopo%20Transfrontier%20Park%20as%20distinct%2C%20but%20previously%20under-recognized%5Cnbiogeographical%20units.%20Main%20conclusions%20Our%20analysis%20provides%20new%20insights%5Cninto%20the%20structure%20and%20phylogenetic%20relationships%20among%20the%20woody%20flora%20of%5Cnsouthern%20Africa.%20We%20show%20that%20evolutionary%20affinities%20differentiate%5Cnphyloregions%20closely%20resembling%20existing%20vegetation%20classifications%2C%20yet%5Cnalso%20identify%20%3Fcryptic%3F%20phyloregions%20that%20are%20as%20evolutionarily%20distinct%5Cnas%20some%20of%20the%20recognized%20African%20vegetation%20types.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22January%2018%2C%202016%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fjbi.12619%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220305-0270%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.wiley.com%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fjbi.12619%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22UUZBHCVC%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-10-22T11%3A16%3A30Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22QWCKPBPX%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Daskin%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDaskin%2C%20J.%20H.%2C%20Stalmans%2C%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Pringle%2C%20R.%20M.%20%282016%29.%20Ecological%20legacies%20of%20civil%20war%3A%2035-year%20increase%20in%20savanna%20tree%20cover%20following%20wholesale%20large-mammal%20declines.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Ecology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E104%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%2079%26%23×2013%3B89.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2F1365-2745.12483%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2F1365-2745.12483%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DQWCKPBPX%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Ecological%20legacies%20of%20civil%20war%3A%2035-year%20increase%20in%20savanna%20tree%20cover%20following%20wholesale%20large-mammal%20declines%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joshua%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Daskin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marc%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stalmans%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Robert%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pringle%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Large%20mammalian%20herbivores%20%28LMH%29%20exert%20strong%20effects%20on%20plants%20in%20tropical%20savannas%2C%20and%20many%20wild%20LMH%20populations%20are%20declining.%20However%2C%20predicting%20the%20impacts%20of%20these%20declines%20on%20vegetation%20structure%20remains%20challenging.%20Experiments%20suggest%20that%20tree%20cover%20can%20increase%20rapidly%20following%20LMH%20exclusion.%20Yet%20it%20is%20unclear%20whether%20these%20results%20scale%20up%20to%20predict%20ecosystem-level%20impacts%20of%20LMH%20declines%2C%20which%20often%20alter%20fire%20regimes%2C%20trigger%20compensatory%20responses%20of%20other%20herbivores%20and%20accompany%20anthropogenic%20land-use%20changes.%20Moreover%2C%20theory%20predicts%20that%20grazers%20and%20browsers%20should%20have%20opposing%20effects%20on%20tree%20cover%2C%20further%20complicating%20efforts%20to%20forecast%20the%20outcomes%20of%20community-wide%20declines.%20We%20used%20the%20near-extirpation%20of%20grazing%20and%20browsing%20LMH%20from%20Gorongosa%20National%20Park%20during%20the%20Mozambican%20Civil%20War%20%281977-1992%29%20as%20a%20natural%20experiment%20to%20test%20whether%20megafaunal%20collapse%20increased%20tree%20cover.%20We%20classified%20herbaceous%20and%20tree%20cover%20in%20satellite%20images%20taken%20%28a%29%20at%20the%20onset%20of%20war%20in%201977%20and%20%28b%29%20in%202012%2C%20two%20decades%20after%20hostilities%20ceased.%20Throughout%20the%203620-km2%20park%2C%20proportional%20tree%20cover%20increased%20by%2034%25%20%28from%200.29%20to%200.39%29%20-%20an%20addition%20of%20362%20km2.%20Four%20of%20the%20park%27s%20five%20major%20habitat%20zones%20%28including%20miombo%20woodland%2C%20Acacia-Combretum-palm%20savanna%2C%20and%20floodplain%20grassland%29%20showed%20even%20greater%20increases%20in%20tree%20cover%20%2851-134%25%29%2C%20with%20an%20average%20increase%20of%2094%25%20in%20ecologically%20critical%20Rift%20Valley%20habitats.%20Only%20in%20the%20eastern%20Cheringoma%20Plateau%2C%20which%20had%20historically%20low%20wildlife%20densities%2C%20did%20tree%20cover%20decrease%20%28by%205%25%29.%20The%20most%20parsimonious%20explanation%20for%20these%20results%20is%20that%20reduced%20browsing%20pressure%20enhanced%20tree%20growth%2C%20survival%20and%5C%2For%20recruitment%3B%20we%20found%20no%20directional%20trends%20in%20rainfall%20or%20fire%20that%20could%20explain%20increased%20tree%20cover.%20Synthesis.%20Catastrophic%20large-herbivore%20die-offs%20in%20Mozambique%27s%20flagship%20national%20park%20were%20followed%20by%2035%20years%20of%20woodland%20expansion%2C%20most%20severely%20in%20areas%20where%20pre-war%20wildlife%20biomass%20was%20greatest.%20These%20findings%20suggest%20that%20browsing%20release%20supersedes%20grazer-grass-fire%20feedbacks%20in%20governing%20ecosystem-level%20tree%20cover%2C%20consistent%20with%20smaller-scale%20experimental%20results%2C%20although%20the%20potentially%20complementary%20effect%20of%20CO2%20fertilization%20cannot%20be%20definitively%20ruled%20out.%20Future%20work%20in%20Gorongosa%20will%20reveal%20whether%20recovering%20LMH%20populations%20reverse%20this%20trend%2C%20or%20alternatively%20whether%20woody%20encroachment%20hinders%20ongoing%20restoration%20efforts.%20Catastrophic%20large-herbivore%20die-offs%20in%20Mozambique%27s%20Gorongosa%20National%20Park%20were%20followed%20by%2035%20years%20of%20woodland%20expansion%2C%20most%20severely%20in%20areas%20where%20pre-war%20wildlife%20biomass%20was%20greatest.%20These%20findings%20suggest%20that%20release%20from%20browsing%20supersedes%20grazer-grass-fire%20feedbacks%20in%20governing%20ecosystem-level%20tree%20cover%2C%20consistent%20with%20smaller-scale%20experimental%20results.%20Future%20work%20in%20Gorongosa%20will%20reveal%20whether%20recovering%20LMH%20populations%20reverse%20this%20trend%2C%20or%20alternatively%20whether%20woody%20encroachment%20hinders%20ongoing%20restoration.%20Journal%20of%20Ecology%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2F1365-2745.12483%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2213652745%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A43%3A42Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22XA4RFNM8%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Dilmahamod%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDilmahamod%2C%20A.%20F.%2C%20Hermes%2C%20J.%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Reason%2C%20C.%20J.%20C.%20%282016%29.%20Chlorophyll-a%20variability%20in%20the%20Seychelles%26%23×2013%3BChagos%20Thermocline%20Ridge%3A%20Analysis%20of%20a%20coupled%20biophysical%20model.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Marine%20Systems%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E154%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20220%26%23×2013%3B232.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jmarsys.2015.10.011%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jmarsys.2015.10.011%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DXA4RFNM8%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Chlorophyll-a%20variability%20in%20the%20Seychelles%5Cu2013Chagos%20Thermocline%20Ridge%3A%20Analysis%20of%20a%20coupled%20biophysical%20model%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dilmahamod%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hermes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.J.C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Reason%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20biological%20variability%20of%20the%20upwelling%20region%20of%20the%20Seychelles%5Cu2013Chagos%20Thermocline%20Ridge%20%28SCTR%29%2C%20both%20at%20surface%20and%20subsurface%20levels%2C%20is%20investigated%20using%20monthly%20outputs%20of%20a%20coupled%20biophysical%20model%20from%201958%20to%202011.%20Owing%20to%20its%20large%20spatial%20distribution%20and%20sensitivity%20to%20climate%20variability%2C%20the%20SCTR%20is%20studied%20as%20three%20distinct%20regions%3B%20namely%2C%20sub-regions%201%20%28western%3B%205%5Cu00b0S%5Cu201312%5Cu00b0S%2C%2055%5Cu00b0E%5Cu201365%5Cu00b0E%29%2C%202%20%28central%3B%205%5Cu00b0S%5Cu201312%5Cu00b0S%2C%2065%5Cu00b0E%5Cu201375%5Cu00b0E%29%20and%203%20%28eastern%3B%205%5Cu00b0S%5Cu201312%5Cu00b0S%2C%2075%5Cu00b0E%5Cu201390%5Cu00b0E%29.%20Surface%20and%20subsurface%20chlorophyll-a%20%28Chl-a%29%20exhibit%20completely%20different%20response%20mechanisms%20in%20sub-region%203%20compared%20to%20sub-regions%201%20and%202%20during%20El%20Ni%5Cu00f1o%20Southern%20Oscillation%20%28ENSO%29%20and%20Indian%20Ocean%20Dipole%20%28IOD%29%20events.%20During%20the%20intense%201997%5C%2F1998%20ENSO%5Cu2013IOD%20event%2C%20the%20high%20Chl-a%20tongue%20observed%20in%20the%20eastern%20Indian%20Ocean%20induces%20an%20increase%20in%20surface%20concentration%20in%20sub-region%203%2C%20whose%20subsurface%20variability%20is%20also%20substantially%20less%20%28more%29%20impacted%20by%20downwelling%20%28upwelling%29%20Rossby%20waves%20generated%20by%20El%20Ni%5Cu00f1o%20%28La%20Ni%5Cu00f1a%29%20forcing.%20After%20%5Cufb01ltering%20out%20the%20annual%20signal%2C%20wavelet%20analysis%20of%20surface%20Chl-a%20revealed%20a%20signi%5Cufb01cant%206%20month%20periodicity%20in%20sub-regions%201%20and%202%20whereas%20a%205-year%20signal%20dominated%20in%20sub-region%203.%20The%20latter%20suggests%20that%20sub-region%203%20is%20more%20prone%20to%20different%20ENSO%5C%2FIOD%20in%5Cufb02uences%2C%20due%20to%20its%20proximity%20to%20the%20eastern%20Indian%20Ocean.%20In%20the%20un%5Cufb01ltered%20data%2C%20the%20subsurface%20Chl-a%20in%20sub-region%203%20exhibits%20a%20strong%20signal%20near%201%20year%2C%20with%20sub-regions%201%20and%202%20having%20a%20pronounced%206-year%20and%205-year%20signals%20respectively.%20These%20analyses%20show%20that%20the%20SCTR%20cannot%20be%20investigated%20as%20a%20single%20homogeneous%20region%20due%20to%20its%20large%20spatial%20distribution%20and%20different%20response%20mechanisms%20to%20climate%20events.%20Furthermore%2C%20changes%20in%20SST%2C%20thermocline%20depth%2C%20winds%20and%20Chl-a%20before%20and%20after%20the%201976%5Cu20131977%20climate%20shift%20differed%20across%20the%20SCTR%2C%20further%20highlighting%20the%20heterogeneity%20of%20this%20sensitive%20region%20in%20the%20Indian%20Ocean.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2202%5C%2F2016%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.jmarsys.2015.10.011%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2209247963%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%5C%2Fretrieve%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0924796315001785%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BGDWYJZJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-04-13T19%3A10%3A12Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22FN5UZQNI%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Douglas%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDouglas%2C%20C.%20M.%20S.%2C%20Mulligan%2C%20M.%2C%20Harrison%2C%20X.%20A.%2C%20Henschel%2C%20J.%20R.%2C%20Pettorelli%2C%20N.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Cowlishaw%2C%20G.%20%282016%29.%20Widespread%20dieback%20of%20riparian%20trees%20on%20a%20dammed%20ephemeral%20river%20and%20evidence%20of%20local%20mitigation%20by%20tributary%20flows.%20%3Ci%3EPeerJ%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%2019.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.7717%5C%2Fpeerj.2622%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.7717%5C%2Fpeerj.2622%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DFN5UZQNI%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Widespread%20dieback%20of%20riparian%20trees%20on%20a%20dammed%20ephemeral%20river%20and%20evidence%20of%20local%20mitigation%20by%20tributary%20flows%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Caitlin%20M%20S%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Douglas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mulligan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22X%20A%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Harrison%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J%20R%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Henschel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22N%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pettorelli%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cowlishaw%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Ephemeral%20rivers%20act%20as%20linear%20oases%20in%20drylands%20providing%20key%20resources%20to%20people%20and%20wildlife.%20However%2C%20not%20much%20is%20known%20about%20these%20rivers%5Cu2019%20sensitivities%20to%20human%20activities.%20We%20investigated%20the%20landscape-level%20determinants%20of%20riparian%20tree%20dieback%20along%20the%20Swakop%20River%2C%20a%20dammed%20ephemeral%20river%20in%20Namibia%2C%20focusing%20on%20the%20native%20ana%20tree%20%28Faidherbia%20albida%29%20and%20the%20invasive%20mesquite%20%28Prosopis%20spp.%29.%20We%20surveyed%20over%201%2C900%20individual%20trees%20distributed%20across%2024%20sites%20along%20a%20250%20km%20stretch%20of%20the%20river.%20General%20linear%20mixed%20models%20were%20used%20to%20test%20%5Cufb01ve%20hypotheses%20relating%20to%20three%20anthropogenic%20threats%3A%20river%20%5Cufb02ow%20disruption%20from%20damming%2C%20human%20settlement%20and%20invasive%20species.%20We%20found%20widespread%20dieback%20in%20both%20tree%20populations%3A%2051%25%20mortality%20in%20ana%20tree%2C%20with%20surviving%20trees%20exhibiting%2018%25%20canopy%20death%20%28median%29%3B%20and%2026%25%20mortality%20in%20mesquite%2C%20with%20surviving%20trees%20exhibiting%2010%25%20canopy%20death.%20Dieback%20in%20the%20ana%20tree%20was%20most%20severe%20where%20trees%20grew%20on%20drier%20stretches%20of%20the%20river%2C%20where%20tributary%20%5Cufb02ow%20was%20absent%20and%20where%20mesquite%20grew%20more%20abundantly.%20Dieback%20in%20the%20mesquite%2C%20a%20more%20drought-tolerant%20taxon%2C%20did%20not%20show%20any%20such%20patterns.%20Our%20%5Cufb01ndings%20suggest%20that%20dieback%20in%20the%20ana%20tree%20is%20primarily%20driven%20by%20changes%20in%20river%20%5Cufb02ow%20resulting%20from%20upstream%20dam%20creation%20and%20that%20tributary%20%5Cufb02ows%20provide%20a%20local%20buffer%20against%20this%20loss%20of%20main%20channel%20%5Cufb02ow.%20The%20hypothesis%20that%20the%20invasive%20mesquite%20may%20contribute%20to%20ana%20tree%20dieback%20was%20also%20supported.%20Our%20%5Cufb01ndings%20suggest%20that%20large%20dams%20along%20the%20main%20channels%20of%20ephemeral%20rivers%20have%20the%20ability%20to%20cause%20widespread%20mortality%20in%20downstream%20riparian%20trees.%20To%20mitigate%20such%20impacts%2C%20management%20might%20focus%20on%20the%20maintenance%20of%20natural%20tributary%20%5Cufb02ows%20to%20buffer%20local%20tree%20populations%20from%20the%20disruption%20to%20main%20channel%20%5Cufb02ow.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.7717%5C%2Fpeerj.2622%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22CM9YQJBN%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-15T08%3A07%3A47Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22WBXB959N%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A7371588%2C%22username%22%3A%22Rion_Lerm%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Rion%20Lerm%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Frion_lerm%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Dzerefos%20and%20Witkowski%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDzerefos%2C%20C.%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Witkowski%2C%20E.%20T.%20F.%20%282016%29.%20Bridging%20the%20knowing%26%23×2013%3Bdoing%20gap%20in%20South%20Africa%20and%20the%20role%20of%20environmental%20volunteer%20groups.%20%3Ci%3EKOEDOE%3A%20African%20Protected%20Area%20Conservation%20and%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E58%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2Fhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi.org%5C%2F10.4102%5C%2Fkoedoe.v58i1.1394%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2Fhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi.org%5C%2F10.4102%5C%2Fkoedoe.v58i1.1394%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DWBXB959N%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Bridging%20the%20knowing%5Cu2013doing%20gap%20in%20South%20Africa%20and%20the%20role%20of%20environmental%20volunteer%20groups%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cathy%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dzerefos%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ed%20T.F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Witkowski%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20implementation%20gap%20between%20science%2C%20policy%20and%20practice%20has%20led%20to%20loss%20of%20biodiversity%20and%20ecosystem%20services%20throughout%20Africa%20and%20is%20described%20in%20a%20case%20study%20from%20Limpopo%20Province%2C%20South%20Africa.%20In%202006%2C%20the%20South%20African%20National%20Biodiversity%20Institute%20first%20highlighted%20the%20Woodbush%20Granite%20Grassland%20%28WGG%29%20in%20the%20Greater%20Tzaneen%20Local%20Municipality%20as%20the%20only%20Critically%20Endangered%20ecosystem%20in%20Limpopo%20Province.%20Five%20years%20later%20%282011%29%2C%20the%20Critically%20Endangered%20listing%20was%20published%20in%20the%20Government%20Gazette%20No.%2034809.%20After%20repeated%20and%20sustained%20efforts%20for%20many%20years%20from%20volunteers%20of%20a%20local%20environmental%20group%20%5Cu2013%20currently%20known%20as%20the%20Friends%20of%20the%20Haenertsburg%20Grassland%20%28FroHG%29%20%5Cu2013%20in%202015%20the%20intent%20to%20formally%20protect%20126%20ha%20was%20published%20in%20the%20Government%20Gazette%20No.%202609.%20Unfortunately%2C%20the%20proposed%20protected%20area%20accounts%20for%20only%2066%25%20of%20the%20largest%20remaining%20fragment%20of%20WGG%2C%20which%20excludes%20an%20important%20colony%20of%20medicinal%20plants.%20Considering%20that%20only%206%25%20of%20the%20original%20extent%20of%20WGG%20remains%20in%20an%20untransformed%20state%20the%20whole%20fragment%20should%20be%20conserved.%20Non-alignment%20of%20municipal%20spatial%20priorities%2C%20as%20in%20the%20Haenertsburg%20town%20plan%20from%201896%2C%20to%20provincial%20and%20national%20environmental%20priorities%20has%20resulted%20in%20numerous%20incidents%20that%20have%20degraded%20what%20little%20remains%20of%20the%20WGG%20ecosystem.%20Failure%20of%20the%20provincial%20authorities%20to%20act%20timeously%20to%20enforce%20environmental%20regulations%20resulted%20in%20the%20FroHG%20successfully%20involving%20national%20authorities%20to%20stop%20illegal%20land%20occupation%20while%20another%20incident%20involving%20an%20illegal%20fence%20was%20resolved%209%20years%20after%20erection.%20A%20strengthened%20relationship%20with%20Lepelle%20Northern%20Water%20has%20resulted%20in%20better%20planning%20of%20activities%20in%20relation%20to%20an%20existing%20pipeline.%20This%20case%20study%20shows%20various%20avenues%20available%20to%20environmental%20volunteer%20groups%20in%20South%20Africa%20and%20suggests%20that%20long-term%20lobbying%20can%20yield%20positive%20results.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi.org%5C%2F10.4102%5C%2Fkoedoe.v58i1.1394%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22V2872773%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-06-22T06%3A13%3A11Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22GTMIYEK9%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Dzerefos%20and%20Witkowski%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDzerefos%2C%20C.%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Witkowski%2C%20E.%20T.%20F.%20%282016%29.%20Bridging%20the%20knowing-doing%20gap%20in%20South%20Africa%20and%20the%20role%20of%20environmental%20volunteer%20groups.%20%3Ci%3EKoedoe%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E58%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%201%26%23×2013%3B11.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.4102%5C%2Fkoedoe.v58i1.1394%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.4102%5C%2Fkoedoe.v58i1.1394%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DGTMIYEK9%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Bridging%20the%20knowing-doing%20gap%20in%20South%20Africa%20and%20the%20role%20of%20environmental%20volunteer%20groups%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cathy%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dzerefos%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ed%20T.F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Witkowski%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20implementation%20gap%20between%20science%2C%20policy%20and%20practice%20has%20led%20to%20loss%20of%20biodiversity%20and%20ecosystem%20services%20throughout%20Africa%20and%20is%20described%20in%20a%20case%20study%20from%20Limpopo%20Province%2C%20South%20Africa.%20In%202006%2C%20the%20South%20African%20National%20Biodiversity%20Institute%20first%20highlighted%20the%20Woodbush%20Granite%20Grassland%20%28WGG%29%20in%20the%20Greater%20Tzaneen%20Local%20Municipality%20as%20the%20only%20Critically%20Endangered%20ecosystem%20in%20Limpopo%20Province.%20Five%20years%20later%20%282011%29%2C%20the%20Critically%20Endangered%20listing%20was%20published%20in%20the%20Government%20Gazette%20No.%2034809.%20After%20repeated%20and%20sustained%20efforts%20for%20many%20years%20from%20volunteers%20of%20a%20local%20environmental%20group%20-%20currently%20known%20as%20the%20Friends%20of%20the%20Haenertsburg%20Grassland%20%28FroHG%29%20-%20in%202015%20the%20intent%20to%20formally%20protect%20126%20ha%20was%20published%20in%20the%20Government%20Gazette%20No.%202609.%20Unfortunately%2C%20the%20proposed%20protected%20area%20accounts%20for%20only%2066%25%20of%20the%20largest%20remaining%20fragment%20of%20WGG%2C%20which%20excludes%20an%20important%20colony%20of%20medicinal%20plants.%20Considering%20that%20only%206%25%20of%20the%20original%20extent%20of%20WGG%20remains%20in%20an%20untransformed%20state%20the%20whole%20fragment%20should%20be%20conserved.%20Non-alignment%20of%20municipal%20spatial%20priorities%2C%20as%20in%20the%20Haenertsburg%20town%20plan%20from%201896%2C%20to%20provincial%20and%20national%20environmental%20priorities%20has%20resulted%20in%20numerous%20incidents%20that%20have%20degraded%20what%20little%20remains%20of%20the%20WGG%20ecosystem.%20Failure%20of%20the%20provincial%20authorities%20to%20act%20timeously%20to%20enforce%20environmental%20regulations%20resulted%20in%20the%20FroHG%20successfully%20involving%20national%20authorities%20to%20stop%20illegal%20land%20occupation%20while%20another%20incident%20involving%20an%20illegal%20fence%20was%20resolved%209%20years%20after%20erection.%20A%20strengthened%20relationship%20with%20Lepelle%20Northern%20Water%20has%20resulted%20in%20better%20planning%20of%20activities%20in%20relation%20to%20an%20existing%20pipeline.%20This%20case%20study%20shows%20various%20avenues%20available%20to%20environmental%20volunteer%20groups%20in%20South%20Africa%20and%20suggests%20that%20long-term%20lobbying%20can%20yield%20positive%20results.%20Conservation%20implications%3A%20Formal%20conservation%20of%20WGG%20through%20the%20intended%20nature%20reserve%20proclamation%20represents%20application%20of%20environmental%20legislation%20%28notably%20Listing%20Notice%203%2C%20National%20Environmental%20Management%20Act%20107%20of%201998%3A%20Environmental%20Impact%20Assessment%20Regulations%2C%202014%29%2C%20scientific%20recommendations%20and%20policy.%20Better%20cooperation%20between%20provincial%20administration%20and%20FroHG%20will%20benefit%20the%20protection%20and%20management%20of%20WGG.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.4102%5C%2Fkoedoe.v58i1.1394%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2220710771%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A11%3A46Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22JIXFPQBF%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A7371588%2C%22username%22%3A%22Rion_Lerm%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Rion%20Lerm%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Frion_lerm%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Dzerefos%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDzerefos%2C%20C.%20M.%2C%20Witkowski%2C%20E.%2C%20T.%20F.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Kremer-Kohne%2C%20S.%20%282016%29.%20Aiming%20for%20the%20biodiversity%20target%20with%20the%20social%20welfare%20arrow%3A%20medicinal%20and%20other%20useful%20plants%20from%20a%20Critically%20Endangered%20grassland%20ecosystem%20in%20Limpopo%20Province%2C%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EInternational%20Journal%20of%20Sustainable%20Development%20%26amp%3BWorld%20Ecology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%201%26%23×2013%3B6.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2FDOI%3A%2010.1080%5C%2F13504509.2016.1174963%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2FDOI%3A%2010.1080%5C%2F13504509.2016.1174963%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DJIXFPQBF%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Aiming%20for%20the%20biodiversity%20target%20with%20the%20social%20welfare%20arrow%3A%20medicinal%20and%20other%20useful%20plants%20from%20a%20Critically%20Endangered%20grassland%20ecosystem%20in%20Limpopo%20Province%2C%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cathy%20M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dzerefos%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ed%2C%20T.F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Witkowski%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sylvie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kremer-Kohne%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22DOI%3A%2010.1080%5C%2F13504509.2016.1174963%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.researchgate.net%5C%2Fderef%5C%2Fhttp%253A%252F%252Fdx.doi.org%252F10.1080%252F13504509.2016.1174963%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22V2872773%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-08-18T13%3A30%3A15Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22D3RGHDRB%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ecology%20and%20Mar%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EEcology%2C%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Mar%2C%20N.%20%282016%29.%20%3Ci%3ECommunity%20Convergence%20in%20Disturbed%20Subtropical%20Dune%20Forests%20Authors%20%28%20s%20%29%3A%20T%20.%20D%20.%20Wassenaar%20%2C%20R%20.%20J%20.%20van%20Aarde%20%2C%20S%20.%20L%20.%20Pimm%20and%20S%20.%20M%20.%20Ferreira%20Published%20by%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20Wiley%20Stable%20URL%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.jstor.org%5C%2Fstable%5C%2F3450660%20REFERENCES%20Linked%20references%20are%20ava%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ci%3E86%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%20655%26%23×2013%3B666.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DD3RGHDRB%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Community%20Convergence%20in%20Disturbed%20Subtropical%20Dune%20Forests%20Authors%20%28%20s%20%29%3A%20T%20.%20D%20.%20Wassenaar%20%2C%20R%20.%20J%20.%20van%20Aarde%20%2C%20S%20.%20L%20.%20Pimm%20and%20S%20.%20M%20.%20Ferreira%20Published%20by%20%3A%20Wiley%20Stable%20URL%20%3A%20http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.jstor.org%5C%2Fstable%5C%2F3450660%20REFERENCES%20Linked%20references%20are%20ava%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Source%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ecology%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22No%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mar%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A02%3A35Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22AUDH5GIQ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Esler%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EEsler%2C%20K.%2C%20Downsborough%2C%20L.%2C%20Roux%2C%20D.%2C%20Blignaut%2C%20J.%2C%20Milton%2C%20S.%2C%20le%20Maitre%2C%20D.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20de%20Wit%2C%20M.%20%282016%29.%20Interdisciplinary%20and%20multi-institutional%20higher%20learning%3A%20reflecting%20on%20a%20South%20African%20case%20study%20investigating%20complex%20and%20dynamic%20environmental%20challenges.%20%3Ci%3ECurrent%20Opinion%20in%20Environmental%20Sustainability%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E19%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%2076%26%23×2013%3B86.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.cosust.2015.12.002%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.cosust.2015.12.002%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DAUDH5GIQ%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Interdisciplinary%20and%20multi-institutional%20higher%20learning%3A%20reflecting%20on%20a%20South%20African%20case%20study%20investigating%20complex%20and%20dynamic%20environmental%20challenges%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kj%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Esler%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Downsborough%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dj%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roux%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Blignaut%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Milton%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22le%20Maitre%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mp%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22de%20Wit%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2204%5C%2F2016%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.cosust.2015.12.002%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2218773435%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%5C%2Fretrieve%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS1877343515300142%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22CM9YQJBN%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-15T08%3A05%3A46Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22AR8N7U8S%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Everson%20and%20Everson%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EEverson%2C%20C.%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Everson%2C%20T.%20%282016%29.%20The%20long-term%20effects%20of%20fire%20regime%20on%20primary%20production%20of%20montane%20grasslands%20in%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EAfrican%20Journal%20of%20Range%20%26amp%3B%20Forage%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E33%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%2033%26%23×2013%3B41.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F10220119.2015.1124922%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F10220119.2015.1124922%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DAR8N7U8S%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20long-term%20effects%20of%20fire%20regime%20on%20primary%20production%20of%20montane%20grasslands%20in%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Colin%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Everson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Terry%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Everson%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Natural%20grasslands%20deliver%20essential%20ecosystem%20services%20through%20plant%20production%2C%20which%20enhances%20water%20supply%2C%20nutrient%20cycling%2C%20soil%20retention%20and%20greenhouse%20gas%20mitigation.%20Although%20the%20condition%20of%20montane%20grasslands%20for%20provision%20of%20ecosystem%20services%20is%20maintained%20by%20regular%20annual%20or%20biennial%20burning%2C%20controversy%20exists%20over%20the%20impact%20of%20different%20frequencies%20and%20seasons%20of%20burning%20on%20grassland%20productivity.%20The%20objective%20of%20this%20study%20was%20to%20determine%20the%20long-term%20effects%20of%20different%20burning%20regimes%20on%20primary%20production%20and%20quality%20of%20the%20montane%20grasslands%20of%20the%20KwaZulu-Natal%20Drakensberg.%20There%20were%20no%20significant%20differences%20in%20the%20mean%20standing%20live%20mass%20between%2030%20years%20of%20annual%20winter%20and%20biennial%20spring%20burning.%20However%2C%20in%20unburnt%20areas%20productivity%20was%2020%25%20lower%20%28118.2%20g.m-2%29%20than%20in%20regularly%20burnt%20grassland%20%28144.7%5Cu2013154.5%20g.m-2%29.%20Crude%20protein%20did%20not%20vary%20between%20the%20annual%20winter%20and%20biennial%20spring%20treatments%20%2895%5Cu2013113%20kg%20ha-1%29%2C%20but%20was%20significantly%20lower%20in%20unburned%20areas%20%2845%20kg%20ha-1%29.%20However%2C%20an%20infrequent%20fire%20in%20a%20protected%20area%20caused%20a%20temporary%20spike%20in%20crude%20protein%20%2816%25%29%20compared%20with%20regular%20burning%20%285%5Cu201310%25%29%2C%20which%20can%20benefit%20wildlife.%20We%20conclude%20that%20montane%20grasslands%20can%20be%20burnt%20annually%20or%20biennially%20in%20the%20dormant%20season%20to%20promote%20long-term%20productivity.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.2989%5C%2F10220119.2015.1124922%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F10220119.2015.1124922%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-03T13%3A14%3A54Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22UYZ2A37M%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Everson%20and%20Everson%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EEverson%2C%20C.%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Everson%2C%20T.%20%282016%29.%20The%20long-term%20effects%20of%20fire%20regime%20on%20primary%20production%20of%20montane%20grasslands%20in%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EAfrican%20Journal%20of%20Range%20%26amp%3B%20Forage%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E33%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%2033%26%23×2013%3B41.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F10220119.2015.1124922%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F10220119.2015.1124922%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DUYZ2A37M%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20long-term%20effects%20of%20fire%20regime%20on%20primary%20production%20of%20montane%20grasslands%20in%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Colin%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Everson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Terry%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Everson%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Natural%20grasslands%20deliver%20essential%20ecosystem%20services%20through%20plant%20production%2C%20which%20enhances%20water%20supply%2C%20nutrient%20cycling%2C%20soil%20retention%20and%20greenhouse%20gas%20mitigation.%20Although%20the%20condition%20of%20montane%20grasslands%20for%20provision%20of%20ecosystem%20services%20is%20maintained%20by%20regular%20annual%20or%20biennial%20burning%2C%20controversy%20exists%20over%20the%20impact%20of%20different%20frequencies%20and%20seasons%20of%20burning%20on%20grassland%20productivity.%20The%20objective%20of%20this%20study%20was%20to%20determine%20the%20long-term%20effects%20of%20different%20burning%20regimes%20on%20primary%20production%20and%20quality%20of%20the%20montane%20grasslands%20of%20the%20KwaZulu-Natal%20Drakensberg.%20There%20were%20no%20significant%20differences%20in%20the%20mean%20standing%20live%20mass%20between%2030%20years%20of%20annual%20winter%20and%20biennial%20spring%20burning.%20However%2C%20in%20unburnt%20areas%20productivity%20was%2020%25%20lower%20%28118.2%20g.m-2%29%20than%20in%20regularly%20burnt%20grassland%20%28144.7%5Cu2013154.5%20g.m-2%29.%20Crude%20protein%20did%20not%20vary%20between%20the%20annual%20winter%20and%20biennial%20spring%20treatments%20%2895%5Cu2013113%20kg%20ha-1%29%2C%20but%20was%20significantly%20lower%20in%20unburned%20areas%20%2845%20kg%20ha-1%29.%20However%2C%20an%20infrequent%20fire%20in%20a%20protected%20area%20caused%20a%20temporary%20spike%20in%20crude%20protein%20%2816%25%29%20compared%20with%20regular%20burning%20%285%5Cu201310%25%29%2C%20which%20can%20benefit%20wildlife.%20We%20conclude%20that%20montane%20grasslands%20can%20be%20burnt%20annually%20or%20biennially%20in%20the%20dormant%20season%20to%20promote%20long-term%20productivity.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.2989%5C%2F10220119.2015.1124922%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F10220119.2015.1124922%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22F3ERISX2%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-11-09T07%3A21%3A26Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ZNW98AMP%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A7278126%2C%22username%22%3A%22drdavethompson%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fdrdavethompson%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Fitchett%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFitchett%2C%20J.%20M.%2C%20Hoogendoorn%2C%20G.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Swemmer%2C%20A.%20M.%20%282016%29.%20Economic%20costs%20of%20the%202012%20floods%20on%20tourism%20in%20the%20Mopani%20District%20Municipality%2C%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3ETransactions%20of%20the%20Royal%20Society%20of%20South%20Africa%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E71%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20187%26%23×2013%3B194.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F0035919x.2016.1167788%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F0035919x.2016.1167788%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DZNW98AMP%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Economic%20costs%20of%20the%202012%20floods%20on%20tourism%20in%20the%20Mopani%20District%20Municipality%2C%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J%20M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fitchett%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hoogendoorn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A%20M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Swemmer%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20landfall%20of%20Tropical%20Storm%20Dando%20resulted%20in%20a%20severe%20flood%20event%20in%20the%20Lowveld%20region%20of%20the%20Limpopo%20Province%20in%20South%20Africa%20from%2017%20to%2019%20January%202012%2C%20with%20over%20500%3Fmm%20of%20rainfall%20recorded%20over%20a%2024-hour%20period.%20The%20Mopani%20District%20Municipality%20declared%20a%20local%20state%20of%20disaster%20following%20these%20floods.%20Interviews%20conducted%20with%2024%20lodges%20and%20conservation%20establishments%20indicate%20a%20total%20direct%20cost%20of%20R58.92%20million%2C%20%3Fcosts%3F%20of%20loss%20of%20business%20of%20R4.230%20million%2C%20and%20an%20increase%20in%20long-term%20expenses%2C%20including%20insurance%2C%20adaptation%20and%20mitigation%2C%20of%20R458%20600.%20Due%20to%20the%20low%20response%20rate%2C%20the%20economic%20damage%20to%20the%20tourism%20sector%20exceeds%20that%20of%20the%2042%20farms%20and%2011%20local%20businesses%20interviewed.%20Damage%20ranged%20from%20the%20loss%20of%20household%20contents%20to%20the%20complete%20destruction%20of%20all%20buildings%20on%20the%20property.%20The%20capacity%20for%20tourism%20establishments%20to%20recover%20from%20the%20floods%20depended%20primarily%20on%20the%20type%20and%20value%20of%20their%20insurance.%20Additional%20strain%20was%20placed%20on%20tourism%20establishments%20through%20the%20damage%20to%20roads%2C%20poor%20water%20supply%20during%20the%20floods%2C%20the%20removal%20of%20trees%2C%20and%20a%20loss%20of%20the%20aesthetic%20quality%20of%20the%20region.%20This%20case%20study%20provides%20a%20valuable%20insight%20into%20the%20nature%20and%20severity%20of%20the%20impacts%20of%20floods%20on%20the%20South%20African%20tourism%20sector%2C%20and%20contributes%20to%20projecting%20impacts%20of%20global%20climate%20change%20on%20tourism%20in%20developing%20countries.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1080%5C%2F0035919x.2016.1167788%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220035-919X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F0035919X.2016.1167788%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%228VPML3VD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-04T13%3A02%3A57Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22K63ZS5M8%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Fitchett%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFitchett%2C%20J.%20M.%2C%20Hoogendoorn%2C%20G.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Swemmer%2C%20A.%20M.%20%282016%29.%20Economic%20costs%20of%20the%202012%20floods%20on%20tourism%20in%20the%20Mopani%20District%20Municipality%2C%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3ETransactions%20of%20the%20Royal%20Society%20of%20South%20Africa%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E71%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20187%26%23×2013%3B194.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F0035919X.2016.1167788%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F0035919X.2016.1167788%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DK63ZS5M8%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Economic%20costs%20of%20the%202012%20floods%20on%20tourism%20in%20the%20Mopani%20District%20Municipality%2C%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fitchett%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hoogendoorn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Swemmer%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20landfall%20of%20Tropical%20Storm%20Dando%20resulted%20in%20a%20severe%20flood%20event%20in%20the%20Lowveld%20region%20of%20the%20Limpopo%20Province%20in%20South%20Africa%20from%2017%20to%2019%20January%202012%2C%20with%20over%20500%20mm%20of%20rainfall%20recorded%20over%20a%2024-hour%20period.%20The%20Mopani%20District%20Municipality%20declared%20a%20local%20state%20of%20disaster%20following%20these%20floods.%20Interviews%20conducted%20with%2024%20lodges%20and%20conservation%20establishments%20indicate%20a%20total%20direct%20cost%20of%20R58.92%20million%2C%20%5Cu2018costs%27%20of%20loss%20of%20business%20of%20R4.230%20million%2C%20and%20an%20increase%20in%20long-term%20expenses%2C%20including%20insurance%2C%20adaptation%20and%20mitigation%2C%20of%20R458%20600.%20Due%20to%20the%20low%20response%20rate%2C%20the%20economic%20damage%20to%20the%20tourism%20sector%20exceeds%20that%20of%20the%2042%20farms%20and%2011%20local%20businesses%20interviewed.%20Damage%20ranged%20from%20the%20loss%20of%20household%20contents%20to%20the%20complete%20destruction%20of%20all%20buildings%20on%20the%20property.%20The%20capacity%20for%20tourism%20establishments%20to%20recover%20from%20the%20floods%20depended%20primarily%20on%20the%20type%20and%20value%20of%20their%20insurance.%20Additional%20strain%20was%20placed%20on%20tourism%20establishments%20through%20the%20damage%20to%20roads%2C%20poor%20water%20supply%20during%20the%20floods%2C%20the%20removal%20of%20trees%2C%20and%20a%20loss%20of%20the%20aesthetic%20quality%20of%20the%20region.%20This%20case%20study%20provides%20a%20valuable%20insight%20into%20the%20nature%20and%20severity%20of%20the%20impacts%20of%20floods%20on%20the%20South%20African%20tourism%20sector%2C%20and%20contributes%20to%20projecting%20impacts%20of%20global%20climate%20change%20on%20tourism%20in%20developing%20countries.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1080%5C%2F0035919X.2016.1167788%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220035919X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A03%3A16Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22PYIKMVQR%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Fitchett%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFitchett%2C%20J.%20M.%2C%20Hoogendoorn%2C%20G.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Swemmer%2C%20A.%20M.%20%282016%29.%20Economic%20costs%20of%20the%202012%20floods%20on%20tourism%20in%20the%20Mopani%20District%20Municipality%2C%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3ETransactions%20of%20the%20Royal%20Society%20of%20South%20Africa%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E71%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20187%26%23×2013%3B194.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F0035919X.2016.1167788%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F0035919X.2016.1167788%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DPYIKMVQR%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Economic%20costs%20of%20the%202012%20floods%20on%20tourism%20in%20the%20Mopani%20District%20Municipality%2C%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fitchett%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hoogendoorn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Swemmer%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20landfall%20of%20Tropical%20Storm%20Dando%20resulted%20in%20a%20severe%20flood%20event%20in%20the%20Lowveld%20region%20of%20the%20Limpopo%20Province%20in%20South%20Africa%20from%2017%20to%2019%20January%202012%2C%20with%20over%20500%20mm%20of%20rainfall%20recorded%20over%20a%2024-hour%20period.%20The%20Mopani%20District%20Municipality%20declared%20a%20local%20state%20of%20disaster%20following%20these%20floods.%20Interviews%20conducted%20with%2024%20lodges%20and%20conservation%20establishments%20indicate%20a%20total%20direct%20cost%20of%20R58.92%20million%2C%20%5Cu2018costs%27%20of%20loss%20of%20business%20of%20R4.230%20million%2C%20and%20an%20increase%20in%20long-term%20expenses%2C%20including%20insurance%2C%20adaptation%20and%20mitigation%2C%20of%20R458%20600.%20Due%20to%20the%20low%20response%20rate%2C%20the%20economic%20damage%20to%20the%20tourism%20sector%20exceeds%20that%20of%20the%2042%20farms%20and%2011%20local%20businesses%20interviewed.%20Damage%20ranged%20from%20the%20loss%20of%20household%20contents%20to%20the%20complete%20destruction%20of%20all%20buildings%20on%20the%20property.%20The%20capacity%20for%20tourism%20establishments%20to%20recover%20from%20the%20floods%20depended%20primarily%20on%20the%20type%20and%20value%20of%20their%20insurance.%20Additional%20strain%20was%20placed%20on%20tourism%20establishments%20through%20the%20damage%20to%20roads%2C%20poor%20water%20supply%20during%20the%20floods%2C%20the%20removal%20of%20trees%2C%20and%20a%20loss%20of%20the%20aesthetic%20quality%20of%20the%20region.%20This%20case%20study%20provides%20a%20valuable%20insight%20into%20the%20nature%20and%20severity%20of%20the%20impacts%20of%20floods%20on%20the%20South%20African%20tourism%20sector%2C%20and%20contributes%20to%20projecting%20impacts%20of%20global%20climate%20change%20on%20tourism%20in%20developing%20countries.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1080%5C%2F0035919X.2016.1167788%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220035919X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A07%3A27Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22LWCDHNUG%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Fitchett%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFitchett%2C%20J.%20M.%2C%20Hoogendoorn%2C%20G.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Swemmer%2C%20A.%20M.%20%282016%29.%20Economic%20costs%20of%20the%202012%20floods%20on%20tourism%20in%20the%20Mopani%20District%20Municipality%2C%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3ETransactions%20of%20the%20Royal%20Society%20of%20South%20Africa%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E71%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20187%26%23×2013%3B194.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F0035919x.2016.1167788%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F0035919x.2016.1167788%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DLWCDHNUG%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Economic%20costs%20of%20the%202012%20floods%20on%20tourism%20in%20the%20Mopani%20District%20Municipality%2C%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J%20M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fitchett%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hoogendoorn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A%20M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Swemmer%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20landfall%20of%20Tropical%20Storm%20Dando%20resulted%20in%20a%20severe%20flood%20event%20in%20the%20Lowveld%20region%20of%20the%20Limpopo%20Province%20in%20South%20Africa%20from%2017%20to%2019%20January%202012%2C%20with%20over%20500%3Fmm%20of%20rainfall%20recorded%20over%20a%2024-hour%20period.%20The%20Mopani%20District%20Municipality%20declared%20a%20local%20state%20of%20disaster%20following%20these%20floods.%20Interviews%20conducted%20with%2024%20lodges%20and%20conservation%20establishments%20indicate%20a%20total%20direct%20cost%20of%20R58.92%20million%2C%20%3Fcosts%3F%20of%20loss%20of%20business%20of%20R4.230%20million%2C%20and%20an%20increase%20in%20long-term%20expenses%2C%20including%20insurance%2C%20adaptation%20and%20mitigation%2C%20of%20R458%20600.%20Due%20to%20the%20low%20response%20rate%2C%20the%20economic%20damage%20to%20the%20tourism%20sector%20exceeds%20that%20of%20the%2042%20farms%20and%2011%20local%20businesses%20interviewed.%20Damage%20ranged%20from%20the%20loss%20of%20household%20contents%20to%20the%20complete%20destruction%20of%20all%20buildings%20on%20the%20property.%20The%20capacity%20for%20tourism%20establishments%20to%20recover%20from%20the%20floods%20depended%20primarily%20on%20the%20type%20and%20value%20of%20their%20insurance.%20Additional%20strain%20was%20placed%20on%20tourism%20establishments%20through%20the%20damage%20to%20roads%2C%20poor%20water%20supply%20during%20the%20floods%2C%20the%20removal%20of%20trees%2C%20and%20a%20loss%20of%20the%20aesthetic%20quality%20of%20the%20region.%20This%20case%20study%20provides%20a%20valuable%20insight%20into%20the%20nature%20and%20severity%20of%20the%20impacts%20of%20floods%20on%20the%20South%20African%20tourism%20sector%2C%20and%20contributes%20to%20projecting%20impacts%20of%20global%20climate%20change%20on%20tourism%20in%20developing%20countries.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1080%5C%2F0035919x.2016.1167788%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220035-919X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F0035919X.2016.1167788%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A22%3A00Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%227N969QGF%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Fitchett%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFitchett%2C%20J.%20M.%2C%20Hoogendoorn%2C%20G.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Swemmer%2C%20A.%20M.%20%282016%29.%20Economic%20costs%20of%20the%202012%20floods%20on%20tourism%20in%20the%20Mopani%20District%20Municipality%2C%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3ETransactions%20of%20the%20Royal%20Society%20of%20South%20Africa%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E71%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F0035919X.2016.1167788%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F0035919X.2016.1167788%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D7N969QGF%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Economic%20costs%20of%20the%202012%20floods%20on%20tourism%20in%20the%20Mopani%20District%20Municipality%2C%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fitchett%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hoogendoorn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Swemmer%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%5Cu00a9%202016%20Royal%20Society%20of%20South%20Africa.The%20landfall%20of%20Tropical%20Storm%20Dando%20resulted%20in%20a%20severe%20flood%20event%20in%20the%20Lowveld%20region%20of%20the%20Limpopo%20Province%20in%20South%20Africa%20from%2017%20to%2019%20January%202012%2C%20with%20over%20500%20mm%20of%20rainfall%20recorded%20over%20a%2024-hour%20period.%20The%20Mopani%20District%20Municipality%20declared%20a%20local%20state%20of%20disaster%20following%20these%20floods.%20Interviews%20conducted%20with%2024%20lodges%20and%20conservation%20establishments%20indicate%20a%20total%20direct%20cost%20of%20R58.92%20million%2C%20%5Cu2018costs%27%20of%20loss%20of%20business%20of%20R4.230%20million%2C%20and%20an%20increase%20in%20long-term%20expenses%2C%20including%20insurance%2C%20adaptation%20and%20mitigation%2C%20of%20R458%20600.%20Due%20to%20the%20low%20response%20rate%2C%20the%20economic%20damage%20to%20the%20tourism%20sector%20exceeds%20that%20of%20the%2042%20farms%20and%2011%20local%20businesses%20interviewed.%20Damage%20ranged%20from%20the%20loss%20of%20household%20contents%20to%20the%20complete%20destruction%20of%20all%20buildings%20on%20the%20property.%20The%20capacity%20for%20tourism%20establishments%20to%20recover%20from%20the%20floods%20depended%20primarily%20on%20the%20type%20and%20value%20of%20their%20insurance.%20Additional%20strain%20was%20placed%20on%20tourism%20establishments%20through%20the%20damage%20to%20roads%2C%20poor%20water%20supply%20during%20the%20floods%2C%20the%20removal%20of%20trees%2C%20and%20a%20loss%20of%20the%20aesthetic%20quality%20of%20the%20region.%20This%20case%20study%20provides%20a%20valuable%20insight%20into%20the%20nature%20and%20severity%20of%20the%20impacts%20of%20floods%20on%20the%20South%20African%20tourism%20sector%2C%20and%20contributes%20to%20projecting%20impacts%20of%20global%20climate%20change%20on%20tourism%20in%20developing%20countries.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1080%5C%2F0035919X.2016.1167788%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220035919X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A24%3A37Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22LEM8D2GT%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Gibert%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGibert%2C%20A.%2C%20Gray%2C%20E.%20F.%2C%20Westoby%2C%20M.%2C%20Wright%2C%20I.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Falster%2C%20D.%20S.%20%282016%29.%20On%20the%20link%20between%20functional%20traits%20and%20growth%20rate%3A%20meta-analysis%20shows%20effects%20change%20with%20plant%20size%2C%20as%20predicted.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Ecology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E104%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%285%29%2C%201488%26%23×2013%3B1503.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2F1365-2745.12594%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2F1365-2745.12594%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DLEM8D2GT%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22On%20the%20link%20between%20functional%20traits%20and%20growth%20rate%3A%20meta-analysis%20shows%20effects%20change%20with%20plant%20size%2C%20as%20predicted%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ana%5Cu00efs%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gibert%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Emma%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gray%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mark%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Westoby%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ian%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wright%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Daniel%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Falster%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22A%20plant%27s%20growth%20rate%20is%20seen%20as%20a%20central%20element%20of%20its%20ecological%20strategy%2C%20and%20as%20determined%20by%20its%20traits.%20Yet%20the%20literature%20is%20inconsistent%20about%20the%20empirical%20correlation%20between%20functional%20traits%20and%20growth%2C%20casting%20doubt%20on%20the%20capacity%20of%20some%20prominent%20traits%20to%20influence%20growth%20rate.%20We%20propose%20that%20traits%20should%20influence%20growth%20in%20a%20way%20that%20depends%20on%20the%20size%20of%20individual%20plants.%20We%20outline%20mechanisms%20and%20hypotheses%20based%20on%20new%20theoretical%20work%20and%20test%20these%20predictions%20in%20tree%20species%20using%20a%20meta-analysis%20of%20103%20studies%20%28%5C%5Ctextgreater%20500%20correlations%29%20for%20five%20traits%20%28specific%20leaf%20area%2C%20wood%20density%2C%20maximum%20height%2C%20seed%20mass%20and%20maximum%20assimilation%20rate%29.%20We%20also%20recorded%20data%20for%2014%20other%20traits%20commonly%20used%20in%20the%20trait%20literature.%20To%20capture%20the%20effects%20of%20plant%20size%2C%20we%20tested%20for%20a%20shift%20in%20the%20direction%20of%20correlation%20between%20growth%20rates%20and%20each%20trait%20across%20three%20ontogenetic%20stages%3A%20seedling%2C%20sapling%20and%20adult.%20Results%20were%20consistent%20with%20predictions%2C%20although%20there%20were%20some%20limitations%20arising%20from%20unequal%20numbers%20of%20observation%20across%20ontogenetic%20stages.%20Specific%20leaf%20area%20was%20correlated%20with%20relative%20growth%20rate%20in%20seedlings%20but%20not%20in%20adult%20plants.%20Correlations%20of%20growth%20with%20wood%20density%20were%20not%20affected%20by%20ontogenetic%20stage.%20Seed%20mass%2C%20assimilation%20rate%20and%20maximum%20height%20were%20correlated%20with%20relative%20growth%20rate%20only%20in%20one%20ontogenetic%20stage%20category%3A%20seedlings%2C%20seedlings%20and%20adults%2C%20respectively.%20Although%20we%20were%20able%20to%20confirm%20several%20of%20our%20theoretical%20predictions%2C%20major%20knowledge%20gaps%20still%20exist%20in%20the%20trait%20literature.%20For%20example%2C%20for%20one-third%20of%20the%20traits%20considered%2C%20the%20majority%20%28%5C%5Ctextgreater%2075%25%29%20of%20reported%20correlations%20with%20growth%20came%20from%20the%20same%20ontogenetic%20stage.%20Synthesis.%20We%20show%20for%20some%20traits%2C%20how%20trait%5Cu2013growth%20correlations%20change%20in%20a%20predictable%20way%20with%20plant%20size.%20Our%20understanding%20of%20plant%20strategies%20should%20shift%20away%20from%20describing%20species%20as%20having%20a%20fixed%20growth%20strategy%20throughout%20their%20life%20%28on%20a%20continuous%20axis%20from%20slow%20to%20fast%20growth%29%2C%20in%20favour%20of%20a%20size-dependent%20growth%20trajectories.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2F1365-2745.12594%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2213652745%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A42%3A58Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22SY7EB356%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Grace%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGrace%2C%20J.%20B.%2C%20Anderson%2C%20T.%20M.%2C%20Seabloom%2C%20E.%20W.%2C%20Borer%2C%20E.%20T.%2C%20Adler%2C%20P.%20B.%2C%20Harpole%2C%20W.%20S.%2C%20Hautier%2C%20Y.%2C%20Hillebrand%2C%20H.%2C%20Lind%2C%20E.%20M.%2C%20P%26%23xE4%3Brtel%2C%20M.%2C%20Bakker%2C%20J.%20D.%2C%20Buckley%2C%20Y.%20M.%2C%20Crawley%2C%20M.%20J.%2C%20Damschen%2C%20E.%20I.%2C%20Davies%2C%20K.%20F.%2C%20Fay%2C%20P.%20A.%2C%20Firn%2C%20J.%2C%20Gruner%2C%20D.%20S.%2C%20Hector%2C%20A.%2C%20%26%23×2026%3B%20Smith%2C%20M.%20D.%20%282016%29.%20Integrative%20modelling%20reveals%20mechanisms%20linking%20productivity%20and%20plant%20species%20richness.%20%3Ci%3ENature%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E529%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%287586%29%2C%20390%26%23×2013%3B393.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fnature16524%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fnature16524%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DSY7EB356%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Integrative%20modelling%20reveals%20mechanisms%20linking%20productivity%20and%20plant%20species%20richness%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22James%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Grace%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%20Michael%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Anderson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eric%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Seabloom%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elizabeth%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Borer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Adler%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%20Stanley%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Harpole%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yann%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hautier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Helmut%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hillebrand%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eric%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lind%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Meelis%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22P%5Cu00e4rtel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jonathan%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bakker%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yvonne%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Buckley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Crawley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ellen%20I.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Damschen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kendi%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Davies%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Philip%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fay%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jennifer%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Firn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Daniel%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gruner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andy%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hector%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Johannes%20M.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Knops%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22MacDougall%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Brett%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Melbourne%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Morgan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Orrock%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Suzanne%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Prober%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Melinda%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Smith%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016-01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1038%5C%2Fnature16524%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220028-0836%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.nature.com%5C%2Fdoifinder%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fnature16524%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A15%3A54Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22G9NT39XI%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Gray%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGray%2C%20C.%20L.%2C%20Hill%2C%20S.%20L.%20L.%2C%20Newbold%2C%20T.%2C%20Hudson%2C%20L.%20N.%2C%20Bo%26%23xEF%3Brger%2C%20L.%2C%20Contu%2C%20S.%2C%20Hoskins%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Ferrier%2C%20S.%2C%20Purvis%2C%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Scharlemann%2C%20J.%20P.%20W.%20%282016%29.%20Local%20biodiversity%20is%20higher%20inside%20than%20outside%20terrestrial%20protected%20areas%20worldwide.%20%3Ci%3ENature%20Communications%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E7%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%28May%29.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fncomms12306%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fncomms12306%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DG9NT39XI%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Local%20biodiversity%20is%20higher%20inside%20than%20outside%20terrestrial%20protected%20areas%20worldwide%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Claudia%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gray%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Samantha%20L.L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hill%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tim%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Newbold%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lawrence%20N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hudson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Luca%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bo%5Cu00efrger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sara%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Contu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hoskins%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Simon%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ferrier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andy%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Purvis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jorn%20P.W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Scharlemann%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Protected%20areas%20are%20widely%20considered%20essential%20for%20biodiversity%20conservation.%20However%2C%20few%20global%20studies%20have%20demonstrated%20that%20protection%20benefits%20a%20broad%20range%20of%20species.%20Here%2C%20using%20a%20new%20global%20biodiversity%20database%20with%20unprecedented%20geographic%20and%20taxonomic%20coverage%2C%20we%20compare%20four%20biodiversity%20measures%20at%20sites%20sampled%20in%20multiple%20land%20uses%20inside%20and%20outside%20protected%20areas.%20Globally%2C%20species%20richness%20is%2010.6%25%20higher%20and%20abundance%2014.5%25%20higher%20in%20samples%20taken%20inside%20protected%20areas%20compared%20with%20samples%20taken%20outside%2C%20but%20neither%20rarefaction-based%20richness%20nor%20endemicity%20differ%20significantly.%20Importantly%2C%20we%20show%20that%20the%20positive%20effects%20of%20protection%20are%20mostly%20attributable%20to%20differences%20in%20land%20use%20between%20protected%20and%20unprotected%20sites.%20Nonetheless%2C%20even%20within%20some%20human-dominated%20land%20uses%2C%20species%20richness%20and%20abundance%20are%20higher%20in%20protected%20sites.%20Our%20results%20reinforce%20the%20global%20importance%20of%20protected%20areas%20but%20suggest%20that%20protection%20does%20not%20consistently%20benefit%20species%20with%20small%20ranges%20or%20increase%20the%20variety%20of%20ecological%20niches.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1038%5C%2Fncomms12306%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2220411723%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A52%3A49Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22KUY624C3%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Guy%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGuy%2C%20R.%20%282016%29.%20%3Ci%3EEffects%20of%20Herbivory%20and%20Herb%20Interference%20on%20Oak%20Establishment%20in%20a%20Semi-Arid%20Temperate%20Savanna%20Author%20%28%20s%20%29%3A%20Guy%20R%20.%20McPherson%20Published%20by%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20Wiley%20Stable%20URL%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.jstor.org%5C%2Fstable%5C%2F3236134%20REFERENCES%20Linked%20references%20are%20available%20on%20JSTOR%20for%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ci%3E4%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%285%29%2C%20687%26%23×2013%3B692.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DKUY624C3%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Effects%20of%20Herbivory%20and%20Herb%20Interference%20on%20Oak%20Establishment%20in%20a%20Semi-Arid%20Temperate%20Savanna%20Author%20%28%20s%20%29%3A%20Guy%20R%20.%20McPherson%20Published%20by%20%3A%20Wiley%20Stable%20URL%20%3A%20http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.jstor.org%5C%2Fstable%5C%2F3236134%20REFERENCES%20Linked%20references%20are%20available%20on%20JSTOR%20for%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Guy%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A08%3A03Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22PHMKR7QK%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Harpole%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHarpole%2C%20W.%20S.%2C%20Sullivan%2C%20L.%20L.%2C%20Lind%2C%20E.%20M.%2C%20Firn%2C%20J.%2C%20Adler%2C%20P.%20B.%2C%20Borer%2C%20E.%20T.%2C%20Chase%2C%20J.%2C%20Fay%2C%20P.%20A.%2C%20Hautier%2C%20Y.%2C%20Hillebrand%2C%20H.%2C%20Macdougall%2C%20A.%20S.%2C%20Seabloom%2C%20E.%20W.%2C%20Williams%2C%20R.%2C%20Bakker%2C%20J.%20D.%2C%20Marc%2C%20W.%2C%20Chaneton%2C%20E.%20J.%2C%20Chu%2C%20C.%2C%20Cleland%2C%20E.%20E.%2C%20Antonio%2C%20C.%20D.%2C%20%26%23×2026%3B%20Wragg%2C%20P.%20D.%20%282016%29.%20%3Ci%3ETitle%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20Addition%20of%20multiple%20limiting%20resources%20reduces%20grassland%20diversity%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ci%3E4453%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%201%26%23×2013%3B14.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DPHMKR7QK%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Title%20%3A%20Addition%20of%20multiple%20limiting%20resources%20reduces%20grassland%20diversity%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W%20Stanley%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Harpole%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lauren%20L%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sullivan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eric%20M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lind%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jennifer%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Firn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%20B%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Adler%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elizabeth%20T%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Borer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jonathan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chase%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Philip%20A%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fay%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yann%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hautier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Helmut%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hillebrand%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%20S%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Macdougall%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eric%20W%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Seabloom%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ryan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Williams%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jonathan%20D%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bakker%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Marc%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Enrique%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chaneton%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chengjin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elsa%20E%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cleland%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Carla%20D%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Antonio%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22F%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Davies%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Daniel%20S%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gruner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicole%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hagenah%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kevin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kirkman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Johannes%20M%20H%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Knops%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kimberly%20J%20La%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pierre%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rebecca%20L%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mcculley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joslin%20L%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moore%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%20W%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Morgan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Prober%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anita%20C%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Risch%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schuetz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Carly%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stevens%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%20D%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wragg%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A01%3A39Z%22%7D%7D%5D%7D
Aleper, D., Lye, K. A., Moe, S. R., Aleper, D., Lye, K. A., & Moe, S. R. (2016). Society for Range Management Response of Acacia sieberiana to Repeated Experimental Burning Published by : Society for Range Management Stable URL : http://www.jstor.org/stable/25146767 REFERENCES Linked references are available on JSTOR for this article : Response of Acacia sieberiana to Repeated Experimental Burning. 61(2), 182–187. Cite

All, U. T. C. (2016). Rainfall and Grazing Effects on Net Primary Productivity in a Tropical Savanna , India Author ( s ): C . B . Pandey and J . S . Singh Published by : Wiley Stable URL : http://www.jstor.org/stable/1941451 REFERENCES Linked references are available on JSTOR. 73(6), 2007–2021. Cite

All, U. T. C. (2016). Growth of Prosopis Glandulosa in in Response to Changes in Aboveground and Belowground Interference Author ( s ): O . W . Van Auken and J . K . Bush Published by : Wiley Stable URL : http://www.jstor.org/stable/2265871 REFERENCES Linked references are ava. 78(4), 1222–1229. Cite

Althoff, T. D., Menezes, R. S. C., de Carvalho, A. L., de Siqueira Pinto, A., Santiago, G. A. C. F., Ometto, J. P. H. B., von Randow, C., & de Sá Barretto Sampaio, E. V. (2016). Climate change impacts on the sustainability of the firewood harvest and vegetation and soil carbon stocks in a tropical dry forest in Santa Teresinha Municipality, Northeast Brazil. Forest Ecology and Management, 360(November 2015), 367–375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2015.10.001 Cite

Anderson, T. M., White, S., Davis, B., Erhardt, R., Palmer, M., Swanson, A., Kosmala, M., & Packer, C. (2016). The spatial distribution of african savannah herbivores: Species associations and habitat occupancy in a landscape context. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 371(1703). https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0314 Cite

Ansorge, I. J., Department of Oceanography, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Brundrit, G., Department of Oceanography, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Brundrit, J., Department of Fine Art, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Dorrington, R. A., Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa, Fawcett, S., Department of Oceanography, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Gammon, D. W., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Henry, T., Department of Oceanography, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Hermes, J., South African Environmental Observation Network, Phalaborwa, South Africa, Hölscher, B., South African Environmental Observation Network, Phalaborwa, South Africa, d’Hotman, J., … Oceans and Coasts Division, Department of Environmental Affairs, Roggebaai, South Africa. (2016). SEAmester – South Africa’s first class afloat. South African Journal of Science, Volume 112(Number 9/10). https://doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2016/a0171 Cite

Applications, S. E., Feb, N., & Dyer, M. I. (2016). Maximization of Aboveground Grassland Production : The Role of Defoliation Frequency , Intensity , and History Author ( s ): C . L . Turner , T . R . Seastedt and M . I . Dyer Published by : Wiley Stable URL : http://www.jstor.org/stable/1941800 Accessed. 3(1), 175–186. Cite

Archibald, S. (2016). Managing the human component of fire regimes: Lessons from Africa. Royal Society of London. Cite

Archibald, S., & Hempson, G. P. (2016). Competing consumers: Contrasting the patterns and impacts of fire and mammalian herbivory in Africa. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 371(1703). https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0309 Cite

Archibald, S., & Hempson, G. P. (2016). Competing consumers: Contrasting the patterns and impacts of fire and mammalian herbivory in Africa. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 371(1703). https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0309 Cite

Baiyegunhi, L. J. S., Oppong, B. B., & Senyolo, M. G. (2016). Socio-economic factors influencing mopane worm (Imbrasia belina) harvesting in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Journal of Forestry Research, 27(2), 443–452. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-015-0168-z Cite

Bakker, E. S., Gill, J. L., Johnson, C. N., Vera, F. W. M., Sandom, C. J., Asner, G. P., & Svenning, J. C. (2016). Combining paleo-data and modern exclosure experiments to assess the impact of megafauna extinctions on woody vegetation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 113(4), 847–855. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1502545112 Cite

Beard, J. S. (2016). The Savanna Vegetation of Northern Tropical America Author ( s ): J . S . Beard Published by : Wiley Stable URL : http://www.jstor.org/stable/1948518 JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars , researchers , and students discover , use , and b. 23(2), 149–215. Cite

Bloom, A. J., Chapin, F. S., Mooney, H. A., & Bloom, A. J. (2016). Resource Limitation in Plants–An Economic Analogy Published by : Annual Reviews Linked references are available on JSTOR for this article : PLANTS-AN ECONOMIC ANALOGY. 16(1985), 363–392. Cite

Boland, J. M. (2016). The impact of an invasive ambrosia beetle on the riparian habitats of the Tijuana River Valley, California. PeerJ, 2016(6). https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2141 Cite

Bond, W. J. (2016). Ancient grasslands at risk. Science, 351(6269), 120–122. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aad5132 Cite

Bond, W. J., Smythe, K., Balfour, D. A., Journal, S., Jan, N., Bond, W. J., & Smythe, K. (2016). Acacia Species Turnover in Space and Time in an African Savanna Published by : Wiley Stable URL : http://www.jstor.org/stable/2656165 Accessed : 05-07-2016 07 : 17 UTC Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Us. 28(1), 117–128. Cite

Brandt, M., Hiernaux, P., Tagesson, T., Verger, A., Rasmussen, K., Diouf, A. A., Mbow, C., Mougin, E., & Fensholt, R. (2016). Woody plant cover estimation in drylands from Earth Observation based seasonal metrics. Remote Sensing of Environment, 172, 28–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2015.10.036 Cite

Brown, A. J. R., & Archer, S. (2016). International Association for Ecology Woody Plant Invasion of Grasslands : Establishment of Honey Mesquite ( Prosopis glandulosa var . glandulosa ) on Sites Differing in Herbaceous Biomass and Grazing History Published by : Springer in cooperation with In. 80(1), 19–26. Cite

Burkepile, D. E., Thompson, D. I., Fynn, R. W., Koerner, S. E., Eby, S., Govender, N., Hagenah, N., Lemoine, N. P., Matchett, K. J., Wilcox, K. R., Collins, S. L., Kirkman, K. P., Knapp, A. K., & Smith, M. D. (2016). Fire frequency drives habitat selection by a diverse herbivore guild impacting top-down control of plant communities in an African savanna. Oikos, 125(11), 1636–1646. https://doi.org/doi: 10.1111/oik.02987 Cite

Chaboo, C. S., Biesele, M., Hitchcock, R. K., & Weeks, A. (2016). Beetle and plant arrow poisons of the Ju|’hoan and Hai||om San peoples of Namibia (Insecta, Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae; Plantae, Anacardiaceae, Apocynaceae, Burseraceae). ZooKeys, 2016(558), 9–54. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.558.5957 Cite

Chaplot, V., Dlamini, P., & Chivenge, P. (2016). Potential of grassland rehabilitation through high density-short duration grazing to sequester atmospheric carbon. Geoderma, 271, 10–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.02.010 Cite

Chase, M. J., Schlossberg, S., Griffin, C. R., Bouché, P. J. C., Djene, S. W., Elkan, P. W., Ferreira, S., Grossman, F., Kohi, E. M., Landen, K., Omondi, P., Peltier, A., Jeanetta Selier, S. A., & Sutcliffe, R. (2016). Continent-wide survey reveals massive decline in African savannah elephants. PeerJ, 2016(8), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2354 Cite

Coetsee, C., & Wigley, B. J. (2016). Browser impacts in mapungubwe national park, South Africa: Should we be worried? Koedoe, 58(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v58i1.1347 Cite

Coetsee, C., & Wigley, B. (2016). Browser impacts in Mapungubwe National Park, South Africa: Should we be worried? Koedoe. http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci{_}arttext{&}pid=S0075-64582016000100011 Cite

Coetzee, B. W. T., & Chown, S. L. (2016). Land-use change promotes avian diversity at the expense of species with unique traits. Ecology and Evolution, 6(21), 7610–7622. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2389 Cite

Collins, C., Hermes, J. C., Roman, R. E., & Reason, C. J. C. (2016). First dedicated hydrographic survey of the Comoros Basin: HYDROGRAPHY OF THE COMOROS BASIN. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 121(2), 1291–1305. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JC011418 Cite

Cooper-Bohannon, R., & Rebelo, H. (2016). Predicting bat distributions and diversity hotspots in southern Africa. Italian Journal of ldots. http://www.italian-journal-of-mammalogy.it/article/view/11722 Cite

Daru, B. H., van der Bank, M., Maurin, O., Yessoufou, K., Schaefer, H., Slingsby, J. A., & Davies, T. J. (2016). A novel phylogenetic regionalization of phytogeographical zones of southern Africa reveals their hidden evolutionary affinities. J. Biogeogr., 43(1), 155–166. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12619 Cite

Daskin, J. H., Stalmans, M., & Pringle, R. M. (2016). Ecological legacies of civil war: 35-year increase in savanna tree cover following wholesale large-mammal declines. Journal of Ecology, 104(1), 79–89. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12483 Cite

Dilmahamod, A. F., Hermes, J. C., & Reason, C. J. C. (2016). Chlorophyll-a variability in the Seychelles–Chagos Thermocline Ridge: Analysis of a coupled biophysical model. Journal of Marine Systems, 154, 220–232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2015.10.011 Cite

Douglas, C. M. S., Mulligan, M., Harrison, X. A., Henschel, J. R., Pettorelli, N., & Cowlishaw, G. (2016). Widespread dieback of riparian trees on a dammed ephemeral river and evidence of local mitigation by tributary flows. PeerJ, 19. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2622 Cite

Dzerefos, C. M., & Witkowski, E. T. F. (2016). Bridging the knowing–doing gap in South Africa and the role of environmental volunteer groups. KOEDOE: African Protected Area Conservation and Science, 58(1). https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v58i1.1394 Cite

Dzerefos, C. M., & Witkowski, E. T. F. (2016). Bridging the knowing-doing gap in South Africa and the role of environmental volunteer groups. Koedoe, 58(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v58i1.1394 Cite

Dzerefos, C. M., Witkowski, E., T. F., & Kremer-Kohne, S. (2016). Aiming for the biodiversity target with the social welfare arrow: medicinal and other useful plants from a Critically Endangered grassland ecosystem in Limpopo Province, South Africa. International Journal of Sustainable Development &World Ecology, 1–6. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.1080/13504509.2016.1174963 Cite

Ecology, S., & Mar, N. (2016). Community Convergence in Disturbed Subtropical Dune Forests Authors ( s ): T . D . Wassenaar , R . J . van Aarde , S . L . Pimm and S . M . Ferreira Published by : Wiley Stable URL : http://www.jstor.org/stable/3450660 REFERENCES Linked references are ava. 86(3), 655–666. Cite

Esler, K., Downsborough, L., Roux, D., Blignaut, J., Milton, S., le Maitre, D., & de Wit, M. (2016). Interdisciplinary and multi-institutional higher learning: reflecting on a South African case study investigating complex and dynamic environmental challenges. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 19, 76–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2015.12.002 Cite

Everson, C. S., & Everson, T. (2016). The long-term effects of fire regime on primary production of montane grasslands in South Africa. African Journal of Range & Forage Science, 33(1), 33–41. https://doi.org/10.2989/10220119.2015.1124922 Cite

Everson, C. S., & Everson, T. (2016). The long-term effects of fire regime on primary production of montane grasslands in South Africa. African Journal of Range & Forage Science, 33(1), 33–41. https://doi.org/10.2989/10220119.2015.1124922 Cite

Fitchett, J. M., Hoogendoorn, G., & Swemmer, A. M. (2016). Economic costs of the 2012 floods on tourism in the Mopani District Municipality, South Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 71(2), 187–194. https://doi.org/10.1080/0035919x.2016.1167788 Cite

Fitchett, J. M., Hoogendoorn, G., & Swemmer, A. M. (2016). Economic costs of the 2012 floods on tourism in the Mopani District Municipality, South Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 71(2), 187–194. https://doi.org/10.1080/0035919X.2016.1167788 Cite

Fitchett, J. M., Hoogendoorn, G., & Swemmer, A. M. (2016). Economic costs of the 2012 floods on tourism in the Mopani District Municipality, South Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 71(2), 187–194. https://doi.org/10.1080/0035919X.2016.1167788 Cite

Fitchett, J. M., Hoogendoorn, G., & Swemmer, A. M. (2016). Economic costs of the 2012 floods on tourism in the Mopani District Municipality, South Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 71(2), 187–194. https://doi.org/10.1080/0035919x.2016.1167788 Cite

Fitchett, J. M., Hoogendoorn, G., & Swemmer, A. M. (2016). Economic costs of the 2012 floods on tourism in the Mopani District Municipality, South Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 71(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/0035919X.2016.1167788 Cite

Gibert, A., Gray, E. F., Westoby, M., Wright, I. J., & Falster, D. S. (2016). On the link between functional traits and growth rate: meta-analysis shows effects change with plant size, as predicted. Journal of Ecology, 104(5), 1488–1503. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12594 Cite

Grace, J. B., Anderson, T. M., Seabloom, E. W., Borer, E. T., Adler, P. B., Harpole, W. S., Hautier, Y., Hillebrand, H., Lind, E. M., Pärtel, M., Bakker, J. D., Buckley, Y. M., Crawley, M. J., Damschen, E. I., Davies, K. F., Fay, P. A., Firn, J., Gruner, D. S., Hector, A., … Smith, M. D. (2016). Integrative modelling reveals mechanisms linking productivity and plant species richness. Nature, 529(7586), 390–393. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature16524 Cite

Gray, C. L., Hill, S. L. L., Newbold, T., Hudson, L. N., Boïrger, L., Contu, S., Hoskins, A. J., Ferrier, S., Purvis, A., & Scharlemann, J. P. W. (2016). Local biodiversity is higher inside than outside terrestrial protected areas worldwide. Nature Communications, 7(May). https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms12306 Cite

Guy, R. (2016). Effects of Herbivory and Herb Interference on Oak Establishment in a Semi-Arid Temperate Savanna Author ( s ): Guy R . McPherson Published by : Wiley Stable URL : http://www.jstor.org/stable/3236134 REFERENCES Linked references are available on JSTOR for. 4(5), 687–692. Cite

Harpole, W. S., Sullivan, L. L., Lind, E. M., Firn, J., Adler, P. B., Borer, E. T., Chase, J., Fay, P. A., Hautier, Y., Hillebrand, H., Macdougall, A. S., Seabloom, E. W., Williams, R., Bakker, J. D., Marc, W., Chaneton, E. J., Chu, C., Cleland, E. E., Antonio, C. D., … Wragg, P. D. (2016). Title : Addition of multiple limiting resources reduces grassland diversity. 4453, 1–14. Cite






2015
2592029
2015
items
1
0
author
asc
1
218
https://www.saeon.ac.za/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
%7B%22status%22%3A%22success%22%2C%22updateneeded%22%3Afalse%2C%22instance%22%3A%22zotpress-5d8055786f42614e5984408c2bfd833d%22%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22request_last%22%3A100%2C%22request_next%22%3A50%2C%22used_cache%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22data%22%3A%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%22ZEDA8N5D%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Allsopp%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAllsopp%2C%20N.%2C%20Anderson%2C%20P.%20M.%20L.%2C%20Holmes%2C%20P.%20M.%2C%20Melin%2C%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20others.%20%282015%29.%20%3Ci%3EPeople%2C%20the%20Cape%20floristic%20region%2C%20and%20sustainability%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fir.sun.ac.za%5C%2Fcib%5C%2Fbitstream%5C%2Fhandle%5C%2F123456789%5C%2F1878%5C%2FHolmes_Chapter15_2015.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1%27%3Ehttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fir.sun.ac.za%5C%2Fcib%5C%2Fbitstream%5C%2Fhandle%5C%2F123456789%5C%2F1878%5C%2FHolmes_Chapter15_2015.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DZEDA8N5D%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22People%2C%20the%20Cape%20floristic%20region%2C%20and%20sustainability%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22N%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Allsopp%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P%20M%20L%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Anderson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P%20M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Holmes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Melin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22others%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20remarkable%20biodiversity%20of%20the%20Cape%20Floristic%20Region%20%28CFR%29%20is%20examined%5Cnin%20much%20of%20this%20book%20from%20an%20ecological%20and%20evolutionary%20perspective.%20Its%5Cnmanagement%20%28conservation%2C%20fire%29%20and%20the%20impact%20of%20invasive%20alien%20species%5Cnand%20climate%20change%20are%20the%20focus%20of%20other%20chapters%20%5Cu2026%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fir.sun.ac.za%5C%2Fcib%5C%2Fbitstream%5C%2Fhandle%5C%2F123456789%5C%2F1878%5C%2FHolmes_Chapter15_2015.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22UUZBHCVC%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-10-22T11%3A16%3A30Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22DD3FE9NH%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Anderson%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015-03%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAnderson%2C%20T.%20M.%2C%20Morrison%2C%20T.%2C%20Rugemalila%2C%20D.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Holdo%2C%20R.%20%282015%29.%20Compositional%20decoupling%20of%20savanna%20canopy%20and%20understory%20tree%20communities%20in%20Serengeti.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Vegetation%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E26%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20385%26%23×2013%3B394.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fjvs.12241%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fjvs.12241%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DDD3FE9NH%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Compositional%20decoupling%20of%20savanna%20canopy%20and%20understory%20tree%20communities%20in%20Serengeti%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%20Michael%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Anderson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thomas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Morrison%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Deusdedith%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rugemalila%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ricardo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Holdo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ward%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015-03%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fjvs.12241%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2211009233%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.wiley.com%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fjvs.12241%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A15%3A52Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22HU42LV3K%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Anonymous%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAnonymous.%20%282015%29.%20%3Ci%3EPest%20risk%20analysis%20for%20the%20Ambrosia%20beetle%20Euwallacea%20sp.%20including%20all%20the%20species%20within%20the%20genus%20Euwallacea%20that%20are%20morphologically%20similar%20to%20E.%20fornicatus%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ci%3ENovember%202015%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%2061.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fgd.eppo.int%5C%2Ftaxon%5C%2FXYLBFO%5C%2Fdocuments%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fgd.eppo.int%5C%2Ftaxon%5C%2FXYLBFO%5C%2Fdocuments%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DHU42LV3K%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Pest%20risk%20analysis%20for%20the%20Ambrosia%20beetle%20Euwallacea%20sp.%20including%20all%20the%20species%20within%20the%20genus%20Euwallacea%20that%20are%20morphologically%20similar%20to%20E.%20fornicatus%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Anonymous%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fgd.eppo.int%5C%2Ftaxon%5C%2FXYLBFO%5C%2Fdocuments%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A00%3A13Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22EQU983FW%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Archer%20and%20Archer%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EArcher%2C%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Archer%2C%20S.%20%282015%29.%20%3Ci%3ECentre%20d%20%26%23×2019%3B%20%26%23xE9%3Btudes%20nordiques%20%28%20CEN%20%29%2C%20Universit%26%23xE9%3B%20Laval%20predicting%20the%20future%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ci%3E2%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%2083%26%23×2013%3B99.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DEQU983FW%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Centre%20d%20%27%20%5Cu00e9tudes%20nordiques%20%28%20CEN%20%29%2C%20Universit%5Cu00e9%20Laval%20predicting%20the%20future%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Steve%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Archer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Steve%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Archer%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A44%3A06Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22JMTHTMF3%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Archer%20and%20Archer%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EArcher%2C%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Archer%2C%20S.%20%282015%29.%20%3Ci%3ECentre%20d%20%26%23×2019%3B%20%26%23xE9%3Btudes%20nordiques%20%28%20CEN%20%29%2C%20Universit%26%23xE9%3B%20Laval%20predicting%20the%20future%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ci%3E2%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%2083%26%23×2013%3B99.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DJMTHTMF3%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Centre%20d%20%27%20%5Cu00e9tudes%20nordiques%20%28%20CEN%20%29%2C%20Universit%5Cu00e9%20Laval%20predicting%20the%20future%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Steve%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Archer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Steve%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Archer%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A44%3A19Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22T7I8EIZ5%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Banana%20and%20Turyahabwe%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBanana%2C%20A.%20Y.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Turyahabwe%2C%20N.%20%282015%29.%20%3Ci%3EThe%20Commonwealth%20Forestry%20Review%2C%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ci%3E77%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20113%26%23×2013%3B118.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DT7I8EIZ5%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20Commonwealth%20Forestry%20Review%2C%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A%20Y%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Banana%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22N%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Turyahabwe%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A02%3A52Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22EXUUUAIZ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bellprat%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBellprat%2C%20O.%2C%20Lott%2C%20F.%20C.%2C%20Gulizia%2C%20C.%2C%20Parker%2C%20H.%20R.%2C%20Pampuch%2C%20L.%20A.%2C%20Pinto%2C%20I.%2C%20Ciavarella%2C%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Stott%2C%20P.%20A.%20%282015%29.%20Unusual%20past%20dry%20and%20wet%20rainy%20seasons%20over%20Southern%20Africa%20and%20South%20America%20from%20a%20climate%20perspective.%20%3Ci%3EWeather%20and%20Climate%20Extremes%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E9%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%2036%26%23×2013%3B46.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.wace.2015.07.001%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.wace.2015.07.001%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DEXUUUAIZ%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Unusual%20past%20dry%20and%20wet%20rainy%20seasons%20over%20Southern%20Africa%20and%20South%20America%20from%20a%20climate%20perspective%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Omar%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bellprat%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fraser%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lott%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Carla%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gulizia%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hannah%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Parker%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Luana%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pampuch%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Izidine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pinto%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ciavarella%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stott%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Southern%20Africa%20and%20Southern%20South%20America%20have%20experienced%20recent%20extremes%20in%20dry%20and%20wet%20rainy%20seasons%20which%20have%20caused%20severe%20socio-economic%20damages.%20Selected%20past%20extreme%20events%20are%20here%20studied%2C%20to%20estimate%20how%20human%20activity%20has%20changed%20the%20risk%20of%20the%20occurrence%20of%20such%20events%2C%20by%20applying%20an%20event%20attribution%20approach%20%28Stott%20et%20al.%2C%202004%29comprising%20global%20climate%20models%20of%20Coupled%20Model%20Intercomparison%20Project%205%20%28CMIP5%29.%20Our%20assessment%20shows%20that%20models%27%20representation%20of%20mean%20precipitation%20variability%20over%20Southern%20South%20America%20is%20not%20adequate%20to%20make%20a%20robust%20attribution%20statement%20about%20seasonal%20rainfall%20extremes%20in%20this%20region.%20Over%20Southern%20Africa%2C%20we%20show%20that%20unusually%20dry%20austral%20summers%20as%20occurred%20during%202002%5C%2F2003%20have%20become%20more%20likely%2C%20whereas%20unusually%20wet%20austral%20summers%20like%20that%20of%201999%5C%2F2000%20have%20become%20less%20likely%20due%20to%20anthropogenic%20climate%20change.%20There%20is%20some%20tentative%20evidence%20that%20the%20risk%20of%20extreme%20high%205-day%20precipitation%20totals%20%28as%20observed%20in%201999%5C%2F2000%29%20have%20increased%20in%20the%20region.%20These%20results%20are%20consistent%20with%20CMIP5%20models%20projecting%20a%20general%20drying%20trend%20over%20SAF%20during%20December-January-February%20%28DJF%29%20but%20also%20an%20increase%20in%20atmospheric%20moisture%20availability%20to%20feed%20heavy%20rainfall%20events%20when%20they%20do%20occur.%20Bootstrapping%20the%20confidence%20intervals%20of%20the%20fraction%20of%20attributable%20risk%20has%20demonstrated%20estimates%20of%20attributable%20risk%20are%20very%20uncertain%2C%20if%20the%20events%20are%20very%20rare.%20The%20study%20highlights%20some%20of%20the%20challenges%20in%20making%20an%20event%20attribution%20study%20for%20precipitation%20using%20seasonal%20precipitation%20and%20extreme%205-day%20precipitation%20totals%20and%20considering%20natural%20drivers%20such%20as%20ENSO%20in%20coupled%20ocean-atmosphere%20models.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.wace.2015.07.001%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2222120947%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A08%3A58Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ZSRJVDPD%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bennett%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBennett%2C%20A.%20C.%2C%20Mcdowell%2C%20N.%20G.%2C%20Allen%2C%20C.%20D.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Anderson-Teixeira%2C%20K.%20J.%20%282015%29.%20Larger%20trees%20suffer%20most%20during%20drought%20in%20forests%20worldwide.%20%3Ci%3ENature%20Plants%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E1%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%201%26%23×2013%3B17.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fnplants.2015.139%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fnplants.2015.139%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DZSRJVDPD%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Larger%20trees%20suffer%20most%20during%20drought%20in%20forests%20worldwide%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Amy%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bennett%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nathan%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mcdowell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Craig%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Allen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kristina%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Anderson-Teixeira%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20frequency%20of%20severe%20droughts%20is%20increasing%20in%20many%20regions%20around%20the%20world%20as%20a%20result%20of%20climate%20change1-3.%20Droughts%20alter%20the%20structure%20and%20function%20of%20forests4%2C5.%20Site-%20and%20region-specific%20studies%20suggest%20that%20large%20trees%2C%20which%20play%20keystone%20roles%20in%20forests6%20and%20can%20be%20disproportionately%20important%20to%20ecosystem%20carbon%20storage7%20and%20hydrology8%2C%20exhibit%20greater%20sensitivity%20to%20drought%20than%20small%20trees4%2C5%2C9%2C10.%20Here%2C%20we%20synthesize%20data%20on%20tree%20growth%20and%20mortality%20collected%20during%2040%20drought%20events%20in%20forests%20worldwide%20to%20see%20whether%20this%20size-dependent%20sensitivity%20to%20drought%20holds%20more%20widely.%20We%20find%20that%20droughts%20consistently%20had%20a%20more%20detrimental%20impact%20on%20the%20growth%20and%20mortality%20rates%20of%20larger%20trees.%20Moreover%2C%20drought-related%20mortality%20increased%20with%20tree%20size%20in%2065%25%20of%20the%20droughts%20examined%2C%20especially%20when%20community-wide%20mortality%20was%20high%20or%20when%20bark%20beetles%20were%20present.%20The%20more%20pronounced%20drought%20sensitivity%20of%20larger%20trees%20could%20be%20underpinned%20by%20greater%20inherent%20vulnerability%20to%20hydraulic%20stress11-14%2C%20the%20higher%20radiation%20and%20evaporative%20demand%20experienced%20by%20exposed%20crowns4%2C15%2C%20and%20the%20tendency%20for%20bark%20beetles%20to%20preferentially%20attack%20larger%20trees16.%20We%20suggest%20that%20future%20droughts%20will%20have%20a%20more%20detrimental%20impact%20on%20the%20growth%20and%20mortality%20of%20larger%20trees%2C%20potentially%20exacerbating%20feedbacks%20to%20climate%20change.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1038%5C%2Fnplants.2015.139%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2220550278%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A02%3A55Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22EVSRQ9VJ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bennett%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBennett%2C%20A.%20C.%2C%20Allen%2C%20C.%20D.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Anderson-Teixeira%2C%20K.%20J.%20%282015%29.%20Larger%20trees%20suffer%20most%20during%20drought%20in%20forests%20worldwide.%20%3Ci%3ENature%20Plants%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E1%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%2015139.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2FNPLANTS.2015.139%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2FNPLANTS.2015.139%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DEVSRQ9VJ%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Larger%20trees%20suffer%20most%20during%20drought%20in%20forests%20worldwide%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Amy%20C%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bennett%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Craig%20D%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Allen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kristina%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Anderson-Teixeira%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1038%5C%2FNPLANTS.2015.139%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.researchgate.net%5C%2Fpublication%5C%2F282251076%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A25%3A07Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22MBRN3RMA%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Biocultivos%20and%20Sarmiento%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBiocultivos%2C%20S.%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Sarmiento%2C%20M.%20%282015%29.%20%3Ci%3Er%20Fo%20Pe%20er%20Re%20vi%20r%20Fo%20Pe%20er%20Re%20vi%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DMBRN3RMA%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22r%20Fo%20Pe%20er%20Re%20vi%20r%20Fo%20Pe%20er%20Re%20vi%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S%20A%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Biocultivos%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Moreno%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sarmiento%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A57%3A14Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2275768DFZ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Blomqvist%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBlomqvist%2C%20S.%2C%20Ekeroth%2C%20N.%2C%20Elmgren%2C%20R.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Hall%2C%20POJ.%20%282015%29.%20%3Ci%3EMarine%20Ecology%20Progress%20Series%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E538%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%28null%29%2C%2013.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D75768DFZ%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Blomqvist%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22N%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ekeroth%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Elmgren%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22POJ.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hall%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22null%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-06-14T12%3A49%3A48Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22YYIQ83ZX%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bogena%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBogena%2C%20H.%20R.%2C%20Bol%2C%20R.%2C%20Borchard%2C%20N.%2C%20Br%26%23xFC%3Bggemann%2C%20N.%2C%20Diekkr%26%23xFC%3Bger%2C%20B.%2C%20Dr%26%23xFC%3Be%2C%20C.%2C%20Groh%2C%20J.%2C%20Gottselig%2C%20N.%2C%20Huisman%2C%20J.%20A.%2C%20L%26%23xFC%3Bcke%2C%20A.%2C%20Missong%2C%20A.%2C%20Neuwirth%2C%20B.%2C%20P%26%23xFC%3Btz%2C%20T.%2C%20Schmidt%2C%20M.%2C%20Stockinger%2C%20M.%2C%20Tappe%2C%20W.%2C%20Weiherm%26%23xFC%3Bller%2C%20L.%2C%20Wiekenkamp%2C%20I.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Vereecken%2C%20H.%20%282015%29.%20A%20terrestrial%20observatory%20approach%20to%20the%20integrated%20investigation%20of%20the%20effects%20of%20deforestation%20on%20water%2C%20energy%2C%20and%20matter%20fluxes.%20%3Ci%3EScience%20China%20Earth%20Sciences%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E58%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%2061%26%23×2013%3B75.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs11430-014-4911-7%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs11430-014-4911-7%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DYYIQ83ZX%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20terrestrial%20observatory%20approach%20to%20the%20integrated%20investigation%20of%20the%20effects%20of%20deforestation%20on%20water%2C%20energy%2C%20and%20matter%20fluxes%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bogena%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bol%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Borchard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Br%5Cu00fcggemann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Diekkr%5Cu00fcger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dr%5Cu00fce%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Groh%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gottselig%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Huisman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22L%5Cu00fccke%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Missong%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Neuwirth%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22P%5Cu00fctz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schmidt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stockinger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tappe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Weiherm%5Cu00fcller%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22I.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wiekenkamp%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vereecken%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Integrated%20observation%20platforms%20have%20been%20set%20up%20to%20investigate%20consequences%20of%20global%20change%20within%20a%20terrestrial%20network%20of%20observatories%20%28TERENO%29%20in%20Germany.%20The%20aim%20of%20TERENO%20is%20to%20foster%20the%20understanding%20of%20water%2C%20energy%2C%20and%20matter%20fluxes%20in%20terrestrial%20systems%2C%20as%20well%20as%20their%20biological%20and%20physical%20drivers.%20Part%20of%20the%20Lower%20Rhine%20Valley-Eifel%20observatory%20of%20TERENO%20is%20located%20within%20the%20Eifel%20National%20Park.%20Recently%2C%20the%20National%20Park%20forest%20management%20started%20to%20promote%20the%20natural%20regeneration%20of%20near-natural%20beech%20forest%20by%20removing%20a%20significant%20proportion%20of%20the%20spruce%20forest%20that%20was%20established%20for%20timber%20production%20after%20World%20War%20II.%20Within%20this%20context%2C%20the%20effects%20of%20such%20a%20disturbance%20on%20forest%20ecosystem%20functioning%20are%20currently%20investigated%20in%20a%20deforestation%20experiment%20in%20the%20W%5Cu00fcstebach%20catchment%2C%20which%20is%20one%20of%20the%20key%20experimental%20research%20sites%20within%20the%20Lower%20Rhine%20Valley-Eifel%20observatory.%20Here%2C%20we%20present%20the%20integrated%20observation%20system%20of%20the%20W%5Cu00fcstebach%20test%20site%20to%20exemplarily%20demonstrate%20the%20terrestrial%20observatory%20concept%20of%20TERENO%20that%20allows%20for%20a%20detailed%20monitoring%20of%20changes%20in%20hydrological%20and%20biogeochemical%20states%20and%20fluxes%20triggered%20by%20environmental%20disturbances.%20We%20present%20the%20observation%20platforms%20and%20the%20soil%20sampling%20campaign%2C%20as%20well%20as%20preliminary%20results%20including%20an%20analysis%20of%20data%20consistency.%20We%20specifically%20highlight%20the%20capability%20of%20integrated%20datasets%20to%20enable%20improved%20process%20understanding%20of%20the%20post-deforestation%20changes%20in%20ecosystem%20functioning.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs11430-014-4911-7%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2218691897%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A50%3A15Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ZUCBDQMT%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Brunner%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBrunner%2C%20I.%2C%20Herzog%2C%20C.%2C%20Dawes%2C%20M.%20A.%2C%20Arend%2C%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Sperisen%2C%20C.%20%282015%29.%20How%20tree%20roots%20respond%20to%20drought.%20%3Ci%3EFrontiers%20in%20Plant%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E6%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%28JULY%29%2C%201%26%23×2013%3B16.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Ffpls.2015.00547%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Ffpls.2015.00547%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DZUCBDQMT%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22How%20tree%20roots%20respond%20to%20drought%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ivano%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Brunner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Claude%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Herzog%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Melissa%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dawes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Matthias%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Arend%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christoph%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sperisen%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20ongoing%20climate%20change%20is%20characterized%20by%20increased%20temperatures%20and%20altered%20precipitation%20patterns.%20In%20addition%2C%20there%20has%20been%20an%20increase%20in%20both%20the%20frequency%20and%20intensity%20of%20extreme%20climatic%20events%20such%20as%20drought.%20Episodes%20of%20drought%20induce%20a%20series%20of%20interconnected%20effects%2C%20all%20of%20which%20have%20the%20potential%20to%20alter%20the%20carbon%20balance%20of%20forest%20ecosystems%20profoundly%20at%20different%20scales%20of%20plant%20organization%20and%20ecosystem%20functioning.%20During%20recent%20years%2C%20considerable%20progress%20has%20been%20made%20in%20the%20understanding%20of%20how%20aboveground%20parts%20of%20trees%20respond%20to%20drought%20and%20how%20these%20responses%20affect%20carbon%20assimilation.%20In%20contrast%2C%20processes%20of%20belowground%20parts%20are%20relatively%20underrepresented%20in%20research%20on%20climate%20change.%20In%20this%20review%2C%20we%20describe%20current%20knowledge%20about%20responses%20of%20tree%20roots%20to%20drought.%20Tree%20roots%20are%20capable%20of%20responding%20to%20drought%20through%20a%20variety%20of%20strategies%20that%20enable%20them%20to%20avoid%20and%20tolerate%20stress.%20Responses%20include%20root%20biomass%20adjustments%2C%20anatomical%20alterations%2C%20and%20physiological%20acclimations.%20The%20molecular%20mechanisms%20underlying%20these%20responses%20are%20characterized%20to%20some%20extent%2C%20and%20involve%20stress%20signaling%20and%20the%20induction%20of%20numerous%20genes%2C%20leading%20to%20the%20activation%20of%20tolerance%20pathways.%20In%20addition%2C%20mycorrhizas%20seem%20to%20play%20important%20protective%20roles.%20The%20current%20knowledge%20compiled%20in%20this%20review%20supports%20the%20view%20that%20tree%20roots%20are%20well%20equipped%20to%20withstand%20drought%20situations%20and%20maintain%20morphological%20and%20physiological%20functions%20as%20long%20as%20possible.%20Further%2C%20the%20reviewed%20literature%20demonstrates%20the%20important%20role%20of%20tree%20roots%20in%20the%20functioning%20of%20forest%20ecosystems%20and%20highlights%20the%20need%20for%20more%20research%20in%20this%20emerging%20field.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.3389%5C%2Ffpls.2015.00547%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221664462X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A45%3A09Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%227YQVAGNZ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Cerutti%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECerutti%2C%20P.%20O.%2C%20Sola%2C%20P.%2C%20Chenevoy%2C%20A.%2C%20Iiyama%2C%20M.%2C%20Yila%2C%20J.%2C%20Zhou%2C%20W.%2C%20Djoudi%2C%20H.%2C%20Atyi%2C%20R.%20E.%20A.%2C%20Gautier%2C%20D.%20J.%2C%20Gumbo%2C%20D.%2C%20Kuehl%2C%20Y.%2C%20Levang%2C%20P.%2C%20Martius%2C%20C.%2C%20Matthews%2C%20R.%2C%20Nasi%2C%20R.%2C%20Neufeldt%2C%20H.%2C%20Njenga%2C%20M.%2C%20Petrokofsky%2C%20G.%2C%20Saunders%2C%20M.%2C%20%26%23×2026%3B%20Van%20Noordwijk%2C%20M.%20%282015%29.%20The%20socioeconomic%20and%20environmental%20impacts%20of%20wood%20energy%20value%20chains%20in%20Sub-Saharan%20Africa%3A%20A%20systematic%20map%20protocol.%20%3Ci%3EEnvironmental%20Evidence%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E4%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%201%26%23×2013%3B7.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1186%5C%2Fs13750-015-0038-3%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1186%5C%2Fs13750-015-0038-3%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D7YQVAGNZ%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20socioeconomic%20and%20environmental%20impacts%20of%20wood%20energy%20value%20chains%20in%20Sub-Saharan%20Africa%3A%20A%20systematic%20map%20protocol%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paolo%20Omar%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cerutti%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Phosiso%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sola%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Audrey%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chenevoy%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Miyuki%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Iiyama%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jummai%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yila%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zhou%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Houria%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Djoudi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Richard%20Eba%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Atyi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Denis%20Jean%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gautier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Davison%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gumbo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yannick%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kuehl%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Patrice%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Levang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christopher%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Martius%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Robin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Matthews%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Robert%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nasi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Henry%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Neufeldt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mary%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Njenga%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gillian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Petrokofsky%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Matthew%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Saunders%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gill%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shepherd%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Denis%20Jean%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sonwa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cecilia%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sundberg%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Meine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Van%20Noordwijk%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Background%3A%20The%20vast%20majority%20of%20households%20in%20Sub-Saharan%20Africa%20%28SSA%29%20depend%20on%20wood%20energy%20-%20comprising%20firewood%20and%20charcoal%20-%20for%20their%20daily%20energetic%20needs.%20Such%20consumption%20trends%20are%20expected%20to%20remain%20a%20common%20feature%20of%20SSA%27s%20wood%20energy%20production%20and%20supply%20chains%2C%20at%20least%20in%20the%20short-%20to%20medium-terms.%20Notwithstanding%20its%20importance%2C%20wood%20energy%20generally%20has%20low%20priority%20in%20SSA%20national%20policies.%20However%2C%20the%20use%20of%20wood%20energy%20is%20often%20considered%20a%20key%20driver%20of%20unsustainable%20management%20and%20negative%20environmental%20consequences%20in%20the%20humid%20and%20dry%20forests.%20To%20date%2C%20unsystematic%20assessments%20of%20the%20socio-economic%20and%20environmental%20consequences%20of%20wood%20energy%20use%20have%20underplayed%20its%20significance%2C%20thus%20further%20hampering%20policy%20debates.%20Therefore%2C%20a%20more%20balanced%20approach%20which%20considers%20both%20demand%20and%20supply%20dynamics%20is%20needed.%20This%20systematic%20map%20aims%20at%20providing%20a%20comprehensive%20approach%20to%20understanding%20the%20role%20and%20impacts%20of%20wood%20energy%20across%20all%20regions%20and%20aspects%20in%20SSA.%20Methods%3A%20The%20objective%20of%20this%20systematic%20map%20is%20to%20collate%20evidence%20from%20studies%20of%20environmental%20and%20socio-economic%20impacts%20of%20wood%20energy%20value%20chains%2C%20by%20considering%20both%20demand%20and%20supply%20within%20SSA.%20The%20map%20questions%20are%20framed%20using%20a%20Populations%2C%20Exposure%2C%20Comparators%20and%20Outcomes%20%28PECO%29%20approach.%20We%20name%20the%20supply%20and%20demand%20of%20wood%20energy%20as%20the%20%5C%22exposure%2C%5C%22%20composed%20of%20wood%20energy%20production%2C%20harvesting%2C%20processing%2C%20and%20consumption.%20The%20populations%20of%20interest%20include%20both%20the%20actors%20involved%20in%20these%20activities%20and%20the%20forest%20sites%20where%20these%20activities%20occur.%20The%20comparator%20is%20defined%20as%20those%20cases%20where%20the%20same%20wood%20energy%20activities%20occur%20with%20i%29%20available%5C%2Faccessible%20alternative%20energy%20sources%2C%20ii%29%20regulatory%20frameworks%20that%20govern%20the%20sector%20and%20iii%29%20alternative%20technologies%20for%20efficient%20use.%20The%20outcomes%20of%20interest%20encompass%20both%20socioeconomic%20and%20environmental%20impacts%20that%20can%20affect%20more%20than%20the%20populations%20named%20above.%20For%20instance%2C%20in%20addition%20to%20the%20direct%20socioeconomic%20impacts%20felt%20by%20participants%20in%20the%20wood%20energy%20value%20chain%2C%20forest%20dwellers%20may%20experience%20livelihood%20changes%20due%20to%20forest%20degradation%20caused%20by%20external%20harvesters.%20Moreover%2C%20intensified%20deforestation%20in%20one%20area%20may%20concurrently%20lead%20to%20forest%20regeneration%20in%20another.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1186%5C%2Fs13750-015-0038-3%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2220472382%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%3F%3F%3F%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A49%3A56Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2252ZBGQM2%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Charles-Dominique%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECharles-Dominique%2C%20T.%2C%20Staver%2C%20A.%20C.%2C%20Midgley%2C%20G.%20F.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Bond%2C%20W.%20J.%20%282015%29.%20Functional%20differentiation%20of%20biomes%20in%20an%20African%20savanna%5C%2Fforest%20mosaic.%20%3Ci%3ESouth%20African%20Journal%20of%20Botany%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E101%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%28June%29%2C%2082%26%23×2013%3B90.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.sajb.2015.05.005%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.sajb.2015.05.005%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D52ZBGQM2%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Functional%20differentiation%20of%20biomes%20in%20an%20African%20savanna%5C%2Fforest%20mosaic%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Charles-Dominique%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Staver%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Midgley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bond%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Tree%20densities%20in%20tropical%20and%20sub-tropical%20vegetation%20have%2C%20until%20recently%2C%20long%20been%20understood%20as%20increasing%20proportionally%20in%20response%20to%20precipitation.%20Current%20understanding%20is%20that%20trees%20are%20organised%20into%20alternative%20states%20with%20divergent%20properties%20that%20are%20linked%2C%20in%20the%20case%20of%20savannas%2C%20to%20frequent%20grass-fuelled%20fires%20or%20the%20absence%20of%20fire%20in%20non-savannas.%20In%20this%20paper%20we%20explored%20the%20hypothesis%20of%20functional%20divergence%20in%20three%20biomes%2C%20defined%20structurally%20by%20their%20dominant%20growth%20forms%3A%20savannas%2C%20%27thicket%27%20and%20forest%2C%20within%20the%20vegetation%20of%20a%20South%20African%20park%20%28Hluhluwe-iMfolozi%29.%20Thicket%20and%20forest%20both%20lack%20a%20continuous%20C4%20grassy%20layer%20and%20are%20therefore%20non-savannas.%20%27Thicket%27%2C%20as%20defined%20here%2C%20has%20shorter%20trees%20than%20forests%20%284-6%20m%20vs.%20%5C%5Ctextgreater.%2010%20m%29%20and%2C%20often%20a%20dense%20understorey%20of%20sub-shrubs.%20We%20analysed%20tree%20species%20composition%20in%20253%20sites%20across%20these%20three%20biomes.%20We%20then%20compared%20herbivore%20use%20and%20fire%20frequency%20among%20the%20three%20biomes.%20Finally%20we%20characterised%20functional%20traits%20for%2058%20tree%20species%20including%20several%20linked%20to%20fire%20and%20herbivore%20responses.%20In%20support%20of%20the%20emerging%20alternative%20states%20paradigm%20for%20both%20tree%20density%20and%20phylogenetic%20composition%2C%20we%20found%20that%20the%20three%20structurally%20defined%20biomes%20had%20separate%20tree%20species%20assemblages.%20Differences%20in%20growth%20form%2C%20especially%20the%20presence%20or%20absence%20of%20C4%20grasses%20had%20key%20consequences%20for%20consumers%20with%20high%20fire%20frequency%20in%20savannas%2C%20low%20in%20thickets%20and%20none%20in%20forest%20and%20high%20grazing%20in%20savannas%2C%20high%20browsing%20in%20thickets%20and%20very%20low%20herbivory%20in%20forests.%20Trait%20analysis%20was%20consistent%20with%20these%20differences%20among%20biomes.%20Consumers%20appear%20to%20be%20important%20environmental%20filters%20by%20admitting%20some%20tree%20species%20to%20a%20biome%20and%20excluding%20others%2C%20depending%20on%20their%20functional%20traits.%20Positive%20feedbacks%20between%20vegetation%20and%20consumers%20may%20explain%20the%20coexistence%20of%20biomes%20in%20areas%20with%20similar%20climate%20and%20geology.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.sajb.2015.05.005%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2202546299%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.sajb.2015.05.005%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A44%3A55Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22CBKGNE6E%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Clulow%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EClulow%2C%20A.%20D.%2C%20Everson%2C%20C.%20S.%2C%20Mengistu%2C%20M.%20G.%2C%20Price%2C%20J.%20S.%2C%20Nickless%2C%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Jewitt%2C%20G.%20P.%20W.%20%282015%29.%20Extending%20periodic%20eddy%20covariance%20latent%20heat%20fluxes%20through%20tree%20sap-flow%20measurements%20to%20estimate%20long-term%20total%20evaporation%20in%20a%20peat%20swamp%20forest.%20%3Ci%3EHydrology%20and%20Earth%20System%20Sciences%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E19%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%285%29%2C%202513%26%23×2013%3B2534.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.5194%5C%2Fhess-19-2513-2015%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.5194%5C%2Fhess-19-2513-2015%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DCBKGNE6E%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Extending%20periodic%20eddy%20covariance%20latent%20heat%20fluxes%20through%20tree%20sap-flow%20measurements%20to%20estimate%20long-term%20total%20evaporation%20in%20a%20peat%20swamp%20forest%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Clulow%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Everson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mengistu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Price%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nickless%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20P.W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jewitt%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22A%20combination%20of%20measurement%20and%20modelling%20was%20used%20to%20find%20a%20pragmatic%20solution%20to%20estimate%20the%20annual%20total%20evaporation%20from%20the%20rare%20and%20indigenous%20Nkazana%20Peat%20Swamp%20Forest%20%28PSF%29%20on%20the%20east%20coast%20of%20Southern%20Africa%20to%20improve%20the%20water%20balance%20estimates%20within%20the%20area.%20Actual%20total%20evaporation%20%28ET%5C%5Ctextlessinf%5C%5Ctextgreatera%5C%5Ctextless%5C%2Finf%5C%5Ctextgreater%29%20was%20measured%20during%20three%20window%20periods%20%28between%207%20and%209%20days%20each%29%20using%20an%20eddy%20covariance%20%28EC%29%20system%20on%20a%20telescopic%20mast%20above%20the%20forest%20canopy.%20Sap%20flows%20of%20an%20understory%20tree%20and%20an%20emergent%20tree%20were%20measured%20using%20a%20low-maintenance%20heat%20pulse%20velocity%20system%20for%20an%20entire%20hydrological%20year%20%28October%202009%20to%20September%202010%29.%20An%20empirical%20model%20was%20derived%2C%20describing%20the%20relationship%20between%20ET%5C%5Ctextlessinf%5C%5Ctextgreatera%5C%5Ctextless%5C%2Finf%5C%5Ctextgreater%20from%20the%20Nkazana%20PSF%20and%20sap-flow%20measurements.%20These%20overlapped%20during%20two%20of%20the%20window%20periods%20%28R%5C%5Ctextlesssup%5C%5Ctextgreater2%5C%5Ctextless%5C%2Fsup%5C%5Ctextgreater%20%3D%200.92%20and%200.90%29%2C%20providing%20hourly%20estimates%20of%20ET%5C%5Ctextlessinf%5C%5Ctextgreatera%5C%5Ctextless%5C%2Finf%5C%5Ctextgreater%20from%20the%20Nkazana%20PSF%20for%20a%20year%2C%20totalling%201125%20mm%20%28while%20rainfall%20was%20650%20mm%29.%20In%20building%20the%20empirical%20model%2C%20it%20was%20found%20that%20to%20include%20the%20understory%20tree%20sap%20flow%20provided%20no%20benefit%20to%20the%20model%20performance.%20In%20addition%2C%20the%20relationship%20between%20the%20emergent%20tree%20sap%20flow%20with%20ET%5C%5Ctextlessinf%5C%5Ctextgreatera%5C%5Ctextless%5C%2Finf%5C%5Ctextgreater%20between%20the%20two%20field%20campaigns%20was%20consistent%20and%20could%20be%20represented%20by%20a%20single%20empirical%20model%20%28R%5C%5Ctextlesssup%5C%5Ctextgreater2%5C%5Ctextless%5C%2Fsup%5C%5Ctextgreater%20%3D%200.90%3B%20RMSE%20%3D%200.08%20mm%20h%5C%5Ctextlesssup%5C%5Ctextgreater-1%5C%5Ctextless%5C%2Fsup%5C%5Ctextgreater%29.%20During%20the%20window%20periods%20of%20EC%20measurement%2C%20no%20single%20meteorological%20variable%20was%20found%20to%20describe%20the%20Nkazana%20PSF%20ET%5C%5Ctextlessinf%5C%5Ctextgreatera%5C%5Ctextless%5C%2Finf%5C%5Ctextgreater%20satisfactorily.%20However%2C%20in%20terms%20of%20evaporation%20models%2C%20the%20hourly%20FAO%20Penman-Monteith%20reference%20evaporation%20%28ETo%29%20best%20described%20ET%5C%5Ctextlessinf%5C%5Ctextgreatera%5C%5Ctextless%5C%2Finf%5C%5Ctextgreater%20during%20the%20August%202009%20%28R%5C%5Ctextlesssup%5C%5Ctextgreater2%5C%5Ctextless%5C%2Fsup%5C%5Ctextgreater%20%3D%200.75%29%2C%20November%202009%20%28R%5C%5Ctextlesssup%5C%5Ctextgreater2%5C%5Ctextless%5C%2Fsup%5C%5Ctextgreater%20%3D%200.85%29%20and%20March%202010%20%28R%5C%5Ctextlesssup%5C%5Ctextgreater2%5C%5Ctextless%5C%2Fsup%5C%5Ctextgreater%20%3D%200.76%29%20field%20campaigns%2C%20compared%20to%20the%20Priestley-Taylor%20potential%20evaporation%20%28ET%5C%5Ctextlessinf%5C%5Ctextgreaterp%5C%5Ctextless%5C%2Finf%5C%5Ctextgreater%29%20model%20%28R%5C%5Ctextlesssup%5C%5Ctextgreater2%5C%5Ctextless%5C%2Fsup%5C%5Ctextgreater%20%3D%200.54%2C%200.74%20and%200.62%20during%20the%20respective%20field%20campaigns%29.%20From%20the%20extended%20record%20of%20ET%5C%5Ctextlessinf%5C%5Ctextgreatera%5C%5Ctextless%5C%2Finf%5C%5Ctextgreater%20%28derived%20in%20this%20study%20from%20sap%20flow%29%20and%20ETo%2C%20a%20monthly%20crop%20factor%20%28K%5C%5Ctextlessinf%5C%5Ctextgreaterc%5C%5Ctextless%5C%2Finf%5C%5Ctextgreater%29%20was%20derived%20for%20the%20Nkazana%20PSF%2C%20providing%20a%20method%20of%20estimating%20long-term%20swamp%20forest%20water-use%20from%20meteorological%20data.%20The%20monthly%20K%5C%5Ctextlessinf%5C%5Ctextgreaterc%5C%5Ctextless%5C%2Finf%5C%5Ctextgreater%20indicated%20two%20distinct%20periods.%20From%20February%20to%20May%2C%20it%20was%20between%201.2%20and%201.4%20compared%20with%20June%20to%20January%2C%20when%20the%20crop%20factor%20was%200.8%20to%201.0.%20The%20derived%20monthly%20K%5C%5Ctextlessinf%5C%5Ctextgreaterc%5C%5Ctextless%5C%2Finf%5C%5Ctextgreater%20values%20were%20verified%20as%20accurate%20%28to%20one%20significant%20digit%29%20using%20historical%20data%20measured%20at%20the%20same%20site%2C%20also%20using%20EC%2C%20from%20a%20previous%20study.%20The%20measurements%20provided%20insights%20into%20the%20microclimate%20within%20a%20subtropical%20peat%20swamp%20forest%20and%20the%20contrasting%20sap%20flow%20of%20emergent%20and%20understory%20trees.%20They%20showed%20that%20expensive%2C%20high-maintenance%20equipment%20can%20be%20used%20during%20manageable%20window%20periods%20in%20conjunction%20with%20low-maintenance%20systems%2C%20dedicated%20to%20individual%20trees%2C%20to%20derive%20a%20model%20to%20estimate%20long-term%20ET%5C%5Ctextlessinf%5C%5Ctextgreatera%5C%5Ctextless%5C%2Finf%5C%5Ctextgreater%20over%20remote%20heterogeneous%20forests.%20In%20addition%2C%20the%20contrast%20in%20annual%20ET%5C%5Ctextlessinf%5C%5Ctextgreatera%5C%5Ctextless%5C%2Finf%5C%5Ctextgreater%20and%20rainfall%20emphasised%20the%20reliance%20of%20the%20Nkazana%20PSF%20on%20groundwater.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.5194%5C%2Fhess-19-2513-2015%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2216077938%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A53%3A49Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22FVFKET88%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Colgan%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EColgan%2C%20M.%20S.%2C%20Martin%2C%20R.%20E.%2C%20Baldeck%2C%20C.%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Asner%2C%20G.%20P.%20%282015%29.%20Tree%20foliar%20chemistry%20in%20an%20African%20savanna%20and%20its%20relation%20to%20life%20history%20strategies%20and%20environmental%20filters.%20%3Ci%3EPLoS%20ONE%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E10%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%285%29%2C%2014%26%23×2013%3B16.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0124078%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0124078%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DFVFKET88%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Tree%20foliar%20chemistry%20in%20an%20African%20savanna%20and%20its%20relation%20to%20life%20history%20strategies%20and%20environmental%20filters%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Matthew%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Colgan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Roberta%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Martin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Claire%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Baldeck%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gregory%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Asner%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Understanding%20the%20relative%20importance%20of%20environment%20and%20life%20history%20strategies%20in%20determining%20leaf%20chemical%20traits%20remains%20a%20key%20objective%20of%20plant%20ecology.%20We%20assessed%2020%20foliar%20chemical%20properties%20among%2012%20African%20savanna%20woody%20plant%20species%20and%20their%20relation%20to%20environmental%20variables%20%28hillslope%20position%2C%20precipitation%2C%20geology%29%20and%20two%20functional%20traits%20%28thorn%20type%20and%20seed%20dispersal%20mechanism%29.%20We%20found%20that%20combinations%20of%20six%20leaf%20chemical%20traits%20%28lignin%2C%20hemi-cellulose%2C%20zinc%2C%20boron%2C%20magnesium%2C%20and%20manganese%29%20predicted%20the%20species%20with%2091%25%20accuracy.%20Hillslope%20position%2C%20precipitation%2C%20and%20geology%20accounted%20for%20only%2012%25%20of%20the%20total%20variance%20in%20these%20six%20chemical%20traits.%20However%2C%20thorn%20type%20and%20seed%20dispersal%20mechanism%20accounted%20for%2046%25%20of%20variance%20in%20these%20chemical%20traits.%20The%20physically%20defended%20species%20had%20the%20highest%20concentrations%20of%20hemi-cellulose%20and%20boron.%20Species%20without%20physical%20defense%20had%20the%20highest%20lignin%20content%20if%20dispersed%20by%20vertebrates%2C%20but%20threefold%20lower%20lignin%20content%20if%20dispersed%20by%20wind.%20One%20of%20the%20most%20abundant%20woody%20species%20in%20southern%20Africa%2C%20Colophospermum%20mopane%2C%20was%20found%20to%20have%20the%20highest%20foliar%20concentrations%20of%20zinc%2C%20phosphorus%2C%20and%20%5Cu03b4%5C%5Ctextlesssup%5C%5Ctextgreater13%5C%5Ctextless%5C%2Fsup%5C%5CtextgreaterC%2C%20suggesting%20that%20zinc%20chelation%20may%20be%20used%20by%20this%20species%20to%20bind%20metallic%20toxins%20and%20increase%20uptake%20of%20soil%20phosphorus.%20Across%20all%20studied%20species%2C%20taxonomy%20and%20physical%20traits%20accounted%20for%20the%20majority%20of%20variability%20in%20leaf%20chemistry.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0124078%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2219326203%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A43%3A00Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22H3VIUYYT%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Cook%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECook%2C%20G.%20D.%2C%20Liedloff%2C%20A.%20C.%2C%20Cuff%2C%20N.%20J.%2C%20Brocklehurst%2C%20P.%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Williams%2C%20R.%20J.%20%282015%29.%20Stocks%20and%20dynamics%20of%20carbon%20in%20trees%20across%20a%20rainfall%20gradient%20in%20a%20tropical%20savanna.%20%3Ci%3EAustral%20Ecology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E40%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%287%29%2C%20845%26%23×2013%3B856.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Faec.12262%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Faec.12262%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DH3VIUYYT%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Stocks%20and%20dynamics%20of%20carbon%20in%20trees%20across%20a%20rainfall%20gradient%20in%20a%20tropical%20savanna%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Garry%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cook%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adam%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Liedloff%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicholas%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cuff%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Brocklehurst%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Richard%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Williams%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22In%20this%20study%2C%20systematic%20variation%20in%20tree%20morphology%20across%20a%20rainfall%20gradient%20in%20Australia%27s%20tropical%20savanna%20biome%20and%20its%20implications%20for%20carbon%20stocks%20and%20dynamics%20were%20quantified.%20The%20aim%20was%20to%20support%20efforts%20to%20manage%20fire%20regimes%20to%20increase%20vegetative%20carbon%20stocks%20as%20a%20greenhouse%20gas%20mitigation%20strategy.%20The%20height%20of%20trees%20for%20a%20given%20trunk%20diameter%20declines%20with%20decreasing%20rainfall%20from%202000%20to%20300mm%20and%20increasing%20dry%20season%20length%20across%20the%20Australian%20savanna%20biome.%20It%20is%20likely%20that%20increasing%20dry%20season%20length%20is%20the%20main%20driver%20of%20this%20decline%20rather%20declining%20rainfall%20per%20se.%20By%20taking%20account%20of%20the%20response%20of%20total%20basal%20area%20to%20rainfall%20and%20soil%20type%2C%20stand%20structure%2C%20and%20tree%20height%20and%20diameter%20relationships%2C%20the%20carbon%20stocks%20in%20live%20trees%20were%20estimated%20to%20decline%20from%20about%2034tha-1%20in%20the%20wetter%20savannas%20to%206tha-1%20in%20the%20drier%20savannas.%20These%20values%20are%20broadly%20consistent%20with%20field-based%20estimates.%20Because%20of%20the%20declining%20ratio%20of%20height%20to%20trunk%20diameter%2C%20trees%20of%20a%20given%20diameter%20in%20drier%20regions%20will%20be%20more%20likely%20to%20be%20killed%20by%20fires%20of%20a%20given%20intensity%20than%20trees%20in%20wetter%20regions.%20Thus%20single%20fires%20of%20given%20intensity%20are%20likely%20to%20have%20a%20greater%20proportionate%20impact%20on%20live%20tree%20carbon%20stock%20in%20drier%20savannas%2C%20but%20a%20much%20greater%20absolute%20impact%20in%20wetter%20savannas%20due%20to%20the%20greater%20total%20carbon%20stock.%20Projected%20decreases%20in%20early%20wet%20season%20rainfall%20under%20climate%20change%20scenarios%2C%20despite%20projections%20of%20little%20change%20in%20total%20precipitation%20in%20northern%20Australia%2C%20may%20lead%20to%20decreased%20carbon%20stock%20in%20live%20trees%20through%20two%20mechanisms%3A%20a%20reduction%20in%20total%20basal%20area%20and%20decreases%20in%20tree%20height%20for%20given%20trunk%20diameters.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Faec.12262%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2214429993%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A42%3A47Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22W3448LK4%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Crookes%20and%20Blignaut%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECrookes%2C%20D.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Blignaut%2C%20J.%20N.%20%282015%29.%20Debunking%20the%20myth%20that%20a%20legal%20trade%20will%20solve%20the%20rhino%20horn%20crisis%3A%20A%20system%20dynamics%20model%20for%20market%20demand.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20for%20Nature%20Conservation%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E28%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%2011%26%23×2013%3B18.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jnc.2015.08.001%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jnc.2015.08.001%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DW3448LK4%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Debunking%20the%20myth%20that%20a%20legal%20trade%20will%20solve%20the%20rhino%20horn%20crisis%3A%20A%20system%20dynamics%20model%20for%20market%20demand%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Douglas%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Crookes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22James%20N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Blignaut%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22There%20is%20considerable%20debate%20in%20the%20literature%20over%20whether%20or%20not%20to%20legalise%20the%20trade%20in%20rhino%20horns.%20Here%20a%20system%20dynamics%20model%20is%20developed%20that%20considers%20five%20components%3A%20rhino%20abundance%2C%20rhino%20demand%2C%20a%20price%20model%2C%20an%20income%20model%20and%20a%20supply%20model.%20The%20study%20indicates%20the%20importance%20of%20shifting%20from%20a%20conventional%20%28sectoral%29%20conservation%20model%20to%20a%20more%20non-conventional%20%28sustainable%29%20approach%20that%20models%20the%20interactions%20between%20the%20different%20components.%20While%20the%20results%20under%20the%20no%20trade%20scenario%20are%20similar%20for%20both%20the%20equilibrium%20and%20disequilibrium%20model%2C%20under%20the%20trade%20scenario%20results%20were%20sometimes%20quite%20disparate.%20This%20study%20finds%20that%20sometimes%20second%20best%20solutions%20from%20an%20economic%20perspective%20may%20be%20optimal%20if%20conservation%20interests%20are%20to%20be%20achieved.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.jnc.2015.08.001%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2216171381%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jnc.2015.08.001%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A50%3A00Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22C5BNDSM9%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22De%20Vos%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015-04-03%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDe%20Vos%2C%20L.%2C%20Watson%2C%20R.%2C%20G%26%23xF6%3Btz%2C%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Attwood%2C%20C.%20%282015%29.%20Baited%20remote%20underwater%20video%20system%20%28BRUVs%29%20survey%20of%20chondrichthyan%20diversity%20in%20False%20Bay%2C%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EAfrican%20Journal%20of%20Marine%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E37%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20209%26%23×2013%3B218.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F1814232X.2015.1036119%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F1814232X.2015.1036119%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DC5BNDSM9%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Baited%20remote%20underwater%20video%20system%20%28BRUVs%29%20survey%20of%20chondrichthyan%20diversity%20in%20False%20Bay%2C%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22De%20Vos%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22RGA%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Watson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22G%5Cu00f6tz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22CG%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Attwood%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Global%20declines%20in%20chondrichthyan%20populations%20necessitate%20evidence%5Cu2011based%20planning%20for%20their%20conservation.%20False%20Bay%2C%20in%20south%5Cu2011west%20South%20Africa%2C%20has%20a%20high%20diversity%20of%20marine%20biota%2C%20with%20Atlantic%20and%20Indian%20Ocean%20influences%2C%20but%20its%20chondrichthyan%20fauna%20is%20poorly%20described%20ecologically.%20False%20Bay%20has%20a%20long%20fishing%20history%20and%20supports%20various%20harvesting%20methods%2C%20including%20shark%5Cu2011directed%20fishing.%20This%20is%20the%20first%20baited%20remote%20underwater%20video%20system%20%28BRUVs%29%20survey%20of%20the%20relative%20abundance%2C%20diversity%20and%20seasonal%20distribution%20of%20chondrichthyans%20in%20False%20Bay.%20Nineteen%20species%20from%2011%20families%20were%20recorded%20across%20185%20sites%20at%20between%204%20and%2049%20m%20depth.%20Diversity%20was%20greatest%20in%20summer%2C%20on%20reefs%20and%20in%20shallow%20water.%20Endemic%20scyliorhinids%2C%20especially%20Haploblepharus%20edwardsii%2C%20dominated%20everywhere%2C%20in%20summer%20and%20winter.%20Habitat%20and%20season%20were%20key%20predictors%20of%20species%20composition%2C%20and%20a%20significant%20interaction%20between%20depth%20and%20season%20indicated%20migration%20patterns%20for%20Mustelus%20mustelus.%20By%20avoiding%20the%20selectivity%20associated%20with%20catch%20records%2C%20BRUVs%20data%20are%20superior%20to%20fishery%5Cu2011dependent%20catch%5Cu2011per%5Cu2011unit%5Cu2011effort%20data%20to%20monitor%20chondrichthyan%20diversity%20and%20abundance.%20Baited%20remote%20underwater%20video%20systems%20access%20greater%20depths%20and%20more%20habitats%20than%20previously%20surveyed%20in%20False%20Bay%20and%20avoid%20taxonomic%20lumping%20typical%20of%20catch%20records%20in%20the%20region%2C%20making%20them%20more%20efficient%20than%20other%20methods%20of%20surveying%20chondrichthyan%20diversity.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015-04-03%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.2989%5C%2F1814232X.2015.1036119%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221814-232X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F1814232X.2015.1036119%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2285DCE2P4%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-26T09%3A16%3A59Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22FCYR5YCJ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Des%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDes%2C%20E.%2C%20Unis%2C%20E.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Washington%2C%20S.%20N.%20W.%20%282015%29.%20%3Ci%3E1996_SJW_Book_chapter.pdf%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DFCYR5YCJ%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22document%22%2C%22title%22%3A%221996_SJW_Book_chapter.pdf%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Etat%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Des%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Etats%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Unis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22St%20N%20W%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Washington%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A44%3A11Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22A6SIY2DR%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Devine%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDevine%2C%20A.%20P.%2C%20Stott%2C%20I.%2C%20McDonald%2C%20R.%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Maclean%2C%20I.%20M.%20D.%20%282015%29.%20Woody%20cover%20in%20wet%20and%20dry%20African%20savannas%20after%20six%20decades%20of%20experimental%20fires.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Ecology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E103%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20473%26%23×2013%3B478.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2F1365-2745.12367%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2F1365-2745.12367%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DA6SIY2DR%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Woody%20cover%20in%20wet%20and%20dry%20African%20savannas%20after%20six%20decades%20of%20experimental%20fires%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Aisling%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Devine%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Iain%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stott%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Robbie%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McDonald%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ilya%20M.D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maclean%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Summary%3A%20Fire%20is%20an%20integral%20process%20in%20savannas%20because%20it%20plays%20a%20crucial%20role%20in%20altering%20woody%20cover%20of%20this%20globally%20important%20biome.%20In%20this%20study%2C%20we%20examine%20the%20long-term%20effects%20of%20varying%20fire%20frequencies%20over%20a%2060-year%20time%20period%20in%20South%20Africa.%20We%20analyse%20the%20effects%20of%20fire%20exclusion%20and%20of%20experimental%20burns%20every%201%2C%202%20and%203%20years%20on%20woody%20cover%2C%20tree%20abundance%20and%20stem%20structure%20on%20a%20wet%20and%20dry%20savanna.%20Increased%20fire%20frequency%20did%20not%20display%20a%20consistent%20effect%20on%20woody%20cover.%20The%20presence%20of%20fire%2C%20irrespective%20of%20frequency%2C%20was%20much%20more%20influential%20in%20lowering%20tree%20abundance%20in%20the%20wet%20savanna%20than%20the%20dry%20savanna.%20In%20the%20dry%20savanna%2C%20fire%20was%20more%20effective%20in%20greatly%20increasing%20coppicing%20in%20trees%2C%20when%20compared%20to%20the%20wet%20savannas.%20Synthesis.%20The%20effects%20of%20fire%20on%20three%20measures%20of%20savanna%20woody%20vegetation%20differed%20between%20wet%20and%20dry%20experimental%20sites.%20We%20suggest%20that%20vegetation%20responses%20to%20fire%20are%20dependent%20on%20local%20conditions%2C%20which%20are%20likely%20influenced%20by%20rainfall.%20Therefore%2C%20we%20suggest%20that%20management%20strategies%20should%20take%20account%20of%20whether%20a%20savanna%20is%20a%20wet%20or%20dry%20system%20when%20implementing%20fire%20management%20regimes.%20We%20examined%20the%20effects%20of%20varying%20fire%20frequencies%20over%20a%2060-year%20time%20period%20upon%20woody%20vegetation%20on%20a%20wet%20and%20dry%20savanna.%20We%20suggest%20that%20vegetation%20responses%20to%20fire%20are%20influenced%20by%20regional%20differences%20in%20rainfall.%20Therefore%2C%20management%20strategies%20should%20take%20account%20of%20whether%20a%20savanna%20is%20a%20wet%20or%20dry%20system%20when%20implementing%20fire%20management%20regimes.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2F1365-2745.12367%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2213652745%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A57%3A42Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22AIBFAM2K%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Devine%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDevine%2C%20A.%20P.%2C%20Stott%2C%20I.%2C%20McDonald%2C%20R.%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Maclean%2C%20I.%20%282015%29.%20Woody%20cover%20in%20wet%20and%20dry%20African%20savannas%20after%20six%20decades%20of%20experimental%20fires.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Ecology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E103%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20473%26%23×2013%3B478.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DAIBFAM2K%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Woody%20cover%20in%20wet%20and%20dry%20African%20savannas%20after%20six%20decades%20of%20experimental%20fires%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Aisling%20P%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Devine%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Iain%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stott%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Robbie%20A%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McDonald%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ilya%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maclean%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221365-2745%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A24%3A43Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22FDM5BBEJ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Du%20Toit%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDu%20Toit%2C%20J.%2C%20van%20den%20Berg%2C%20L.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20O%26%23×2019%3BConnor%2C%20T.%20%282015%29.%20Fire%20effects%20on%20vegetation%20in%20a%20grassy%20dwarf%20shrubland%20at%20a%20site%20in%20the%20eastern%20Karoo%2C%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EAfrican%20Journal%20of%20Range%20%26amp%3B%20Forage%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E32%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F10220119.2014.913077%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F10220119.2014.913077%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DFDM5BBEJ%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Fire%20effects%20on%20vegetation%20in%20a%20grassy%20dwarf%20shrubland%20at%20a%20site%20in%20the%20eastern%20Karoo%2C%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Justin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Du%20Toit%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lorraine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22van%20den%20Berg%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Timothy%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22O%27Connor%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.2989%5C%2F10220119.2014.913077%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221022-0119%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22CM9YQJBN%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-15T08%3A05%3A45Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%223QQZ8FTD%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22du%20Toit%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3Edu%20Toit%2C%20J.%20C.%20O.%2C%20O%26%23×2019%3BConnor%2C%20T.%20G.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Van%20den%20Berg%2C%20L.%20%282015%29.%20Photographic%20evidence%20of%20fire-induced%20shifts%20from%20dwarf-shrub-%20to%20grass-dominated%20vegetation%20in%20Nama-Karoo.%20%3Ci%3ESouth%20African%20Journal%20of%20Botany%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E101%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20148%26%23×2013%3B152.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.sajb.2015.06.002%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.sajb.2015.06.002%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D3QQZ8FTD%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Photographic%20evidence%20of%20fire-induced%20shifts%20from%20dwarf-shrub-%20to%20grass-dominated%20vegetation%20in%20Nama-Karoo%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Justin%20Christopher%20Okes%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22du%20Toit%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Timothy%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22O%27Connor%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Loraine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Van%20den%20Berg%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20Nama-Karoo%20is%20a%20semi-arid%20inland%20biome%20in%20South%20Africa%20dominated%20by%20dwarf%20shrubs%20with%20grasses%2C%20shrubs%2C%20geophytes%20and%20herbs%20at%20varying%20levels%20of%20abundance.%20The%20position%20of%20the%20Nama-Karoo%5C%2Fgrassland%20boundary%20is%20determined%20in%20part%20by%20rainfall%20amount%2C%20and%20in%20recent%20years%20there%20has%20been%20an%20increase%20in%20grassiness%2C%20correlated%20with%20good%20rains.%20This%20has%20allowed%20wild%5Cufb01res%2C%20an%20unusual%20occurrence%2C%20to%20burn%20at%20several%20sites%20in%20the%20central%20and%20eastern%20regions%20of%20the%20biome.%20The%20general%20effect%20of%20%5Cufb01re%20has%20been%20to%20convert%20dwarf%20shrublands%20to%20grassland%20with%20the%20extirpation%20of%20several%20nonsprouters%20species.%20A%20collection%20of%20photographs%20describes%20this%20effect.%20It%20is%20anticipated%20that%20these%20nonsprouters%20will%20recolonise%20by%20seed%20over%20time%2C%20but%20could%20be%20eliminated%20if%20%5Cufb01re%20frequency%20is%20high%20enough%20to%20eliminate%20their%20seedbank.%20It%20is%20predicted%20that%20if%20grassy%20conditions%20persist%20in%20the%20Nama-Karoo%2C%20then%20%5Cufb01re%20will%20be%20an%20important%20factor%20that%20shapes%20the%20Nama-Karoo%5C%2Fgrassland%20boundary.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2211%5C%2F2015%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.sajb.2015.06.002%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2202546299%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%5C%2Fretrieve%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0254629915003166%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22CM9YQJBN%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-15T08%3A05%3A47Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22UBRDHXLW%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Fan%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFan%2C%20Z.%2C%20Neff%2C%20J.%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Hanan%2C%20N.%20P.%20%282015%29.%20Modeling%20pulsed%20soil%20respiration%20in%20an%20African%20savanna%20ecosystem.%20%3Ci%3EAgricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E200%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%28January%29%2C%20282%26%23×2013%3B292.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.agrformet.2014.10.009%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.agrformet.2014.10.009%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DUBRDHXLW%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Modeling%20pulsed%20soil%20respiration%20in%20an%20African%20savanna%20ecosystem%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Zhaosheng%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jason%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Neff%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Niall%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hanan%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Savannas%20cover%2060%25%20of%20the%20African%20continent%20and%20play%20an%20important%20role%20in%20the%20global%20carbon%20%28C%29%20emissions%20from%20fire%20and%20land%20use.%20To%20better%20characterize%20the%20biophysical%20controls%20over%20soil%20respiration%20in%20these%20settings%2C%20half-hourly%20observations%20of%20volumetric%20soil-water%20content%2C%20temperature%2C%20and%20the%20concentration%20of%20carbon%20dioxide%20%28CO2%29%20at%20different%20soil%20depths%20were%20continually%20measured%20from%202005%20to%202007%20under%20trees%20%28%5C%22sub-canopy%5C%22%29%20and%20between%20trees%20%28%5C%22inter-canopy%5C%22%29%20in%20a%20savanna%20vegetation%20near%20Skukuza%2C%20Kruger%20National%20Park%2C%20South%20Africa.%20The%20measured%20soil%20climate%20and%20CO2%20concentration%20data%20were%20assimilated%20into%20a%20process-based%20model%20that%20estimates%20the%20CO2%20production%20and%20flux%20with%20coupled%20dynamics%20of%20dissolved%20organic%20C%20%28DOC%29%20and%20microbial%20biomass%20C.%20Our%20results%20show%20that%20temporal%20and%20spatial%20variations%20in%20CO2%20flux%20were%20strongly%20influenced%20by%20precipitation%20and%20vegetation%20cover%2C%20with%20two%20times%20greater%20CO2%20flux%20in%20the%20sub-canopy%20plots%20%28%5Cu223c2421gCO2m-2yr-1%29%20than%20in%20the%20inter-canopy%20plots%20%28%5Cu223c1290gCO2m-2yr-1%29.%20Precipitation%20influenced%20soil%20respiration%20by%20changing%20soil%20temperature%20and%20moisture%3B%20however%2C%20our%20modeling%20analysis%20suggests%20that%20the%20pulsed%20response%20of%20soil%20respiration%20to%20precipitation%20events%20%28known%20as%20%5C%22Birch%20effect%5C%22%29%20is%20a%20key%20control%20on%20soil%20fluxes%20at%20this%20site.%20At%20this%20site%2C%20%5C%22Birch%20effect%5C%22%20contributed%20to%20approximately%2050%25%20and%2065%25%20of%20heterotrophic%20respiration%20or%2020%25%20and%2039%25%20of%20soil%20respiration%20in%20the%20sub-canopy%20and%20inter-canopy%20plots%2C%20respectively.%20These%20results%20suggest%20that%20pulsed%20response%20of%20respiration%20to%20precipitation%20events%20is%20an%20important%20component%20of%20the%20C%20cycle%20of%20savannas%20and%20should%20be%20considered%20in%20both%20measurement%20and%20modeling%20studies%20of%20carbon%20exchange%20in%20similar%20ecosystems.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.agrformet.2014.10.009%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2201681923%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A03%3A13Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22685W9AEA%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Fan%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFan%2C%20Z.%2C%20Neff%2C%20J.%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Hanan%2C%20N.%20P.%20%282015%29.%20Modeling%20pulsed%20soil%20respiration%20in%20an%20African%20savanna%20ecosystem.%20%3Ci%3EAgricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E200%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20282%26%23×2013%3B292.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D685W9AEA%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Modeling%20pulsed%20soil%20respiration%20in%20an%20African%20savanna%20ecosystem%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Zhaosheng%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jason%20C%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Neff%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Niall%20P%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hanan%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220168-1923%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A22%3A12Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22T9389MDU%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Fensham%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015-10%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFensham%2C%20R.%20J.%2C%20Fraser%2C%20J.%2C%20Macdermott%2C%20H.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Firn%2C%20J.%20%282015%29.%20Dominant%20tree%20species%20are%20at%20risk%20from%20exaggerated%20drought%20under%20climate%20change.%20%3Ci%3EGlobal%20Change%20Biology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E21%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2810%29%2C%203777%26%23×2013%3B3785.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fgcb.12981%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fgcb.12981%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DT9389MDU%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Dominant%20tree%20species%20are%20at%20risk%20from%20exaggerated%20drought%20under%20climate%20change%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Roderick%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fensham%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Josie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fraser%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Harry%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Macdermott%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jenifer%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Firn%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Predicting%20the%20consequences%20of%20climate%20change%20on%20forest%20systems%20is%20difficult%20because%20trees%20may%20display%20species-specific%20responses%20to%20exaggerated%20droughts%20that%20may%20not%20be%20reflected%20by%20the%20climatic%20envelope%20of%20their%20geographic%20range.%20Furthermore%2C%20few%20studies%20have%20examined%20the%20postdrought%20recovery%20potential%20of%20drought-susceptible%20tree%20species.%20This%20study%20develops%20a%20robust%20ranking%20of%20the%20drought%20susceptibility%20of%2021%20tree%20species%20based%20on%20their%20mortality%20after%20two%20droughts%20%281990s%20and%202000s%29%20in%20the%20savanna%20of%20north-eastern%20Australia.%20Drought-induced%20mortality%20was%20positively%20related%20to%20species%20dominance%2C%20negatively%20related%20to%20the%20ratio%20of%20postdrought%20seedlings%20to%20adults%20and%20had%20no%20relationship%20to%20the%20magnitude%20of%20extreme%20drought%20within%20the%20species%20current%20geographic%20ranges.%20These%20results%20suggest%20that%20predicting%20the%20consequences%20of%20exaggerated%20drought%20on%20species%27%20geographic%20ranges%20is%20difficult%2C%20but%20that%20dominant%20species%20like%20Eucalyptus%20with%20relatively%20slow%20rates%20of%20population%20recovery%20and%20dispersal%20are%20the%20most%20susceptible.%20The%20implications%20for%20savanna%20ecosystems%20are%20lower%20tree%20densities%20and%20basal%20area.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015-10%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fgcb.12981%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2213652486%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A13%3A49Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22P3TR3UFB%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Fey%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFey%2C%20S.%20B.%2C%20Siepielski%2C%20A.%20M.%2C%20Nussl%26%23xE9%3B%2C%20S.%2C%20Cervantes-Yoshida%2C%20K.%2C%20Hwan%2C%20J.%20L.%2C%20Huber%2C%20E.%20R.%2C%20Fey%2C%20M.%20J.%2C%20Catenazzi%2C%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Carlson%2C%20S.%20M.%20%282015%29.%20Recent%20shifts%20in%20the%20occurrence%2C%20cause%2C%20and%20magnitude%20of%20animal%20mass%20mortality%20events.%20%3Ci%3EProceedings%20of%20the%20National%20Academy%20of%20Sciences%20of%20the%20United%20States%20of%20America%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E112%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29%2C%201083%26%23×2013%3B1088.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1073%5C%2Fpnas.1414894112%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1073%5C%2Fpnas.1414894112%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DP3TR3UFB%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Recent%20shifts%20in%20the%20occurrence%2C%20cause%2C%20and%20magnitude%20of%20animal%20mass%20mortality%20events%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Samuel%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fey%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adam%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Siepielski%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S%5Cu00e9bastien%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nussl%5Cu00e9%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kristina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cervantes-Yoshida%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jason%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hwan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eric%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Huber%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Maxfield%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fey%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alessandro%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Catenazzi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stephanie%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Carlson%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Mass%20mortality%20events%20%28MMEs%29%20are%20rapidly%20occurring%20catastrophic%20demographic%20events%20that%20punctuate%20background%20mortality%20levels.%20Individual%20MMEs%20are%20staggering%20in%20their%20observed%20magnitude%3A%20removing%20more%20than%2090%25%20of%20a%20population%2C%20resulting%20in%20the%20death%20of%20more%20than%20a%20billion%20individuals%2C%20or%20producing%20700%20million%20tons%20of%20dead%20biomass%20in%20a%20single%20event.%20Despite%20extensive%20documentation%20of%20individual%20MMEs%2C%20we%20have%20no%20understanding%20of%20the%20major%20features%20characterizing%20the%20occurrence%20and%20magnitude%20of%20MMEs%2C%20their%20causes%2C%20or%20trends%20through%20time.%20Thus%2C%20no%20framework%20exists%20for%20contextualizing%20MMEs%20in%20the%20wake%20of%20ongoing%20global%20and%20regional%20perturbations%20to%20natural%20systems.%20Here%20we%20present%20an%20analysis%20of%20727%20published%20MMEs%20from%20across%20the%20globe%2C%20affecting%202%2C407%20animal%20populations.%20We%20show%20that%20the%20magnitude%20of%20MMEs%20has%20been%20intensifying%20for%20birds%2C%20fishes%2C%20and%20marine%20invertebrates%3B%20invariant%20for%20mammals%3B%20and%20decreasing%20for%20reptiles%20and%20amphibians.%20These%20shifts%20in%20magnitude%20proved%20robust%20when%20we%20accounted%20for%20an%20increase%20in%20the%20occurrence%20of%20MMEs%20since%201940.%20However%2C%20it%20remains%20unclear%20whether%20the%20increase%20in%20the%20occurrence%20of%20MMEs%20represents%20a%20true%20pattern%20or%20simply%20a%20perceived%20increase.%20Regardless%2C%20the%20increase%20in%20MMEs%20appears%20to%20be%20associated%20with%20a%20rise%20in%20disease%20emergence%2C%20biotoxicity%2C%20and%20events%20produced%20by%20multiple%20interacting%20stressors%2C%20yet%20temporal%20trends%20in%20MME%20causes%20varied%20among%20taxa%20and%20may%20be%20associated%20with%20increased%20detectability.%20In%20addition%2C%20MMEs%20with%20the%20largest%20magnitudes%20were%20those%20that%20resulted%20from%20multiple%20stressors%2C%20starvation%2C%20and%20disease.%20These%20results%20advance%20our%20understanding%20of%20rare%20demographic%20processes%20and%20their%20relationship%20to%20global%20and%20regional%20perturbations%20to%20natural%20systems.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1073%5C%2Fpnas.1414894112%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2210916490%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A00%3A31Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22EUAG7R57%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Fitchett%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFitchett%2C%20J.%20M.%2C%20Thompson%2C%20D.%20I.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Grab%2C%20S.%20W.%20%282015%29.%20Plant%20Phenology%20and%20Climate%20Change%3A%20Progress%20in%20Theory%2C%20Methods%20and%20Trends.%20%3Ci%3EProgress%20in%20Physical%20Geography%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E39%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29%2C%20460%26%23×2013%3B482.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2Fhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F0309133315578940%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2Fhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F0309133315578940%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DEUAG7R57%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Plant%20Phenology%20and%20Climate%20Change%3A%20Progress%20in%20Theory%2C%20Methods%20and%20Trends.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jennifer%20M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fitchett%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dave%20I%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thompson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stefan%20W%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Grab%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Phenology%2C%20the%20timing%20of%20annually%20recurrent%20reproductive%20biological%20events%2C%20provides%20a%20critical%20signal%20of%20climate%20variability%20and%20change%20effects%20on%20plants.%20Considerable%20work%20over%20the%20past%20five%20decades%20has%20quantified%20the%20extent%20to%20which%20plant%20phenophases%20are%20responding%20to%20local%20changes%20in%20temperature%20and%20rainfall.%20Originally%20undertaken%20through%20the%20analysis%20of%20ground-based%20phenological%20observations%2C%20the%20discipline%20has%20more%20recently%20included%20phenophase%20indicators%20from%20satellite%20images%20and%20digital%20repeat%20photography.%20With%20research%20advances%20it%20has%20become%20evident%20that%20the%20responses%20of%20plant%20phenology%20to%20climate%20variability%20and%20change%20are%20both%20location-%20and%20species-specific.%20The%20extent%20to%20which%20plants%20are%20affected%20by%20changes%20in%20temperature%20and%20rainfall%2C%20their%20intrinsic%20adaptation%20capacity%2C%20will%20ultimately%20determine%20the%20potential%20for%20sustained%20ecological%20stability%20and%20food%20security.%20We%20review%20methodological%20approaches%20to%20plant%20phenological-climate%20change%20over%20time%2C%20analyse%20the%20regions%20and%20phenophases%20for%20which%20climate%20variability%5Cndemonstrates%20a%20clear%20causal%20role%2C%20and%20finally%20reflect%20on%20the%20applications%20of%20phenological%20climate%20change%5Cninvestigations%20in%20broader%20biogeographical%20contexts.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F0309133315578940%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%228VPML3VD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-06-22T07%3A56%3A03Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22G4NXI9DK%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Foord%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFoord%2C%20S.%20H.%2C%20Gelebe%2C%20V.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Prendini%2C%20L.%20%282015%29.%20Effects%20of%20aspect%20and%20altitude%20on%20scorpion%20diversity%20along%20an%20environmental%20gradient%20in%20the%20Soutpansberg%2C%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Arid%20Environments%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E113%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20114%26%23×2013%3B120.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jaridenv.2014.10.006%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jaridenv.2014.10.006%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DG4NXI9DK%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Effects%20of%20aspect%20and%20altitude%20on%20scorpion%20diversity%20along%20an%20environmental%20gradient%20in%20the%20Soutpansberg%2C%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stefan%20Hendrik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Foord%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Vhuhwavho%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gelebe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lorenzo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Prendini%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Landforms%20with%20steep%20environmental%20gradients%20provide%20natural%20laboratories%20for%20studying%20regional%20dynamics%20of%20diversity.%20The%20Soutpansberg%20range%20in%20South%20Africa%20presents%20contrasting%20habitats%20and%20climatic%20conditions%20on%20its%20northern%20and%20southern%20slopes.%20Scorpions%20are%20well%20adapted%20to%20arid%20environments%2C%20with%20greatest%20diversity%20in%20temperate%20deserts%2C%20but%20few%20studies%20have%20investigated%20the%20effects%20of%20aspect%20and%20altitude%20on%20scorpion%20diversity.%20We%20surveyed%20scorpion%20diversity%20along%20an%20altitudinal%20transect%20across%20the%20Soutpansberg%20by%20actively%20searching%20for%20scorpions%20during%20the%20night%20and%20day.%20Patterns%20of%20scorpion%20diversity%20along%20the%20transect%20were%20compared%20to%20those%20of%20ants%20and%20woody%20plants.%20Unlike%20these%20taxa%2C%20scorpions%20exhibited%20a%20significant%20difference%20in%20species%20richness%20between%20slopes%3B%20higher%20on%20the%20arid%20northern%20slope%2C%20and%20greater%20at%20lower%20than%20higher%20altitudes.%20Endemic%20taxa%20were%20restricted%20to%20mid-to%20higher%20altitudes%20of%20the%20northern%20slope.%20Species%20turnover%20decreased%20at%20higher%20altitudes%20and%20assemblage%20structure%20was%20influenced%20by%20slope%2C%20altitude%20and%20rock%20cover.%20The%20Soutpansberg%20appears%20to%20be%20a%20hotspot%20of%20scorpion%20richness%20and%20mimics%20patterns%20of%20diversity%20in%20southern%20Africa.%20The%20richness%20and%20endemism%20of%20the%20scorpion%20fauna%20of%20the%20arid%20northern%20slopes%20and%20foothills%20of%20the%20Soutpansberg%20emphasizes%20the%20need%20to%20prioritize%20the%20conservation%20of%20these%20areas.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.jaridenv.2014.10.006%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221095922X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jaridenv.2014.10.006%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A00%3A16Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22Q2EFJ999%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ford%20and%20Goheen%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFord%2C%20A.%20T.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Goheen%2C%20J.%20R.%20%282015%29.%20Trophic%20Cascades%20by%20Large%20Carnivores%3A%20A%20Case%20for%20Strong%20Inference%20and%20Mechanism.%20%3Ci%3ETrends%20in%20Ecology%20and%20Evolution%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E30%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2812%29%2C%20725%26%23×2013%3B735.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.tree.2015.09.012%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.tree.2015.09.012%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DQ2EFJ999%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Trophic%20Cascades%20by%20Large%20Carnivores%3A%20A%20Case%20for%20Strong%20Inference%20and%20Mechanism%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adam%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ford%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jacob%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Goheen%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Studies%20on%20trophic%20cascades%20involving%20large%20carnivores%20typically%20are%20limited%20by%20a%20lack%20of%20replication%20and%20control%2C%20giving%20rise%20to%20a%20spirited%20debate%20over%20the%20ecological%20role%20of%20these%20iconic%20species.%20We%20argue%20that%20much%20of%20this%20debate%20can%20be%20resolved%20by%20decomposing%20the%20trophic%20cascade%20hypothesis%20into%20three%20constituent%20interactions%2C%20quantifying%20each%20interaction%20individually%2C%20and%20accommodating%20alternative%20hypotheses.%20We%20advocate%20for%20a%20novel%20approach%20that%20couples%20the%20rigor%20characterizing%20foundational%20work%20on%20trophic%20cascades%20%28i.e.%2C%20from%20studies%20carried%20out%20in%20mesocosm%20and%20whole%20lake%20systems%29%20with%20the%20conservation%20relevance%20of%20large%20carnivore-dominated%20food%20webs.%20Because%20of%20their%20iconic%20status%2C%20it%20is%20crucial%20that%20inferences%20about%20the%20ecological%20role%20of%20large%20carnivores%20rise%20to%20meet%20the%20same%20rigorous%20standards%20to%20which%20other%20studies%20in%20community%20ecology%20are%20held.%20Large%20carnivores%20are%20believed%20to%20play%20a%20key%20role%20in%20determining%20ecosystem%20properties%20via%20trophic%20cascades.%20While%20the%20recovery%20of%20large%20carnivore%20populations%20is%20generally%20heralded%20as%20a%20conservation%20success%20story%2C%20the%20common%20assertion%20that%20such%20recoveries%20alter%20plant%20communities%20and%20other%20ecosystem%20properties%20is%20currently%20not%20supported%20by%20the%20standards%20of%20evidence%20expected%20in%20other%20scientific%20disciplines.There%20have%20been%20very%20few%20replicated%20and%20controlled%20experiments%20documenting%20evidence%20for%20trophic%20cascades%20involving%20large%20carnivores%2C%20leaving%20a%20knowledge%20gap%20with%20crucial%20implications%20for%20ecology%20and%20wildlife%20conservation.The%20absence%20of%20a%20mechanistic%20understanding%20of%20food%20web%20dynamics%20and%20weak%20inference%20in%20many%20studies%20combine%20to%20obfuscate%20the%20mechanisms%20underlying%20if%20and%20how%20large%20carnivores%20affect%20ecosystems.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.tree.2015.09.012%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2201695347%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.tree.2015.09.012%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A00%3A30Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22BTP82FG8%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Forrestel%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EForrestel%2C%20E.%20J.%2C%20Donoghue%2C%20M.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Smith%2C%20M.%20D.%20%282015%29.%20Functional%20differences%20between%20dominant%20grasses%20drive%20divergent%20responses%20to%20large%20herbivore%20loss%20in%20mesic%20savanna%20grasslands%20of%20North%20America%20and%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Ecology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E103%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%20714%26%23×2013%3B724.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2F1365-2745.12376%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2F1365-2745.12376%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DBTP82FG8%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Functional%20differences%20between%20dominant%20grasses%20drive%20divergent%20responses%20to%20large%20herbivore%20loss%20in%20mesic%20savanna%20grasslands%20of%20North%20America%20and%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elisabeth%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Forrestel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Donoghue%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Melinda%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Smith%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Grazing%20and%20fire%20are%20disturbances%20integral%20to%20the%20evolution%20and%20maintenance%20of%20savanna%20grasslands.%20Humans%20are%20altering%20or%20completely%20eliminating%20these%20disturbance%20regimes%20at%20a%20global%20scale%2C%20with%20important%20consequences%20for%20savanna%20ecosystem%20structure%20and%20function.%20It%20is%20unknown%20whether%20the%20alteration%20of%20these%20disturbance%20regimes%20will%20have%20similar%20effects%20on%20grass%20communities%20of%20savanna%20grasslands%20in%20different%20geographic%20regions%20that%20vary%20in%20their%20biogeographic%20and%20evolutionary%20histories%2C%20as%20well%20as%20in%20the%20diversity%20of%20extant%20grazers.%20Here%2C%20we%20examined%20the%20effects%20of%20large%20herbivore%20loss%20on%20different%20aspects%20of%20grass%20community%20structure%20-%20taxonomic%2C%20phylogenetic%20and%20functional%20-%20across%20a%20range%20of%20fire%20frequencies%20in%20C%5C%5Ctextlessinf%5C%5Ctextgreater4%5C%5Ctextless%5C%2Finf%5C%5Ctextgreater-dominated%20mesic%20savanna%20grassland%20sites%20of%20North%20America%20%28Konza%20Prairie%20Biological%20Station%2C%20Kansas%2C%20USA%29%20and%20South%20Africa%20%28Kruger%20National%20Park%29.%20The%20goal%20of%20the%20study%20was%20to%20determine%20whether%20the%20loss%20of%20large%20herbivores%20exerted%20a%20consistent%20effect%20on%20the%20grass%20communities%20of%20two%20physiognomically%20similar%20grasslands%20with%20different%20biogeographic%20and%20grazing%20histories.%20The%20removal%20of%20large%20herbivores%20resulted%20in%20divergent%20responses%20in%20the%20grass%20communities%20at%20Konza%20and%20Kruger%20that%20was%20consistent%20across%20fire%20treatments.%20At%20Konza%2C%20there%20was%20a%20rapid%20and%20significant%20response%20to%20grazing%20exclusion%20while%20the%20response%20was%20muted%20and%20transient%20at%20Kruger.%20Functional%20syndromes%20associated%20with%20grazing%20resistance%20were%20generally%20conserved%20across%20sites%2C%20and%20it%20was%20the%20functional%20strategies%20of%20the%20dominant%20species%20at%20each%20site%20that%20drove%20the%20divergent%20responses.%20Further%2C%20our%20study%20supports%20the%20hypothesis%20that%20grazing%20and%20aridity%20may%20be%20selective%20forces%20that%20act%20in%20parallel%20as%20those%20species%20that%20were%20grazing%20resistant%20also%20occupied%20drier%20niches.%20Synthesis.%20Our%20study%20demonstrates%20that%20savanna%20grassland%20communities%20with%20different%20biogeographic%20and%20grazing%20histories%20respond%20differently%20to%20the%20removal%20of%20large%20herbivores%20and%20that%20climate%2C%20fire%20and%20grazing%20are%20interactive%20forces%20in%20maintaining%20savanna%20grassland%20diversity%20and%20function.%20We%20show%20that%20the%20functional%20attributes%20of%20the%20dominant%20grasses%2C%20which%20are%20in%20part%20driven%20by%20the%20biogeographic%20and%20grazing%20history%20experienced%2C%20are%20the%20most%20relevant%20in%20predicting%20the%20response%20of%20savanna%20ecosystems%20to%20the%20loss%20of%20large%20herbivores.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2F1365-2745.12376%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2213652745%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A54%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%224365I8JT%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Gall%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGall%2C%20J.%20E.%2C%20Boyd%2C%20R.%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Rajakaruna%2C%20N.%20%282015%29.%20Transfer%20of%20heavy%20metals%20through%20terrestrial%20food%20webs%3A%20a%20review.%20%3Ci%3EEnvironmental%20Monitoring%20and%20Assessment%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E187%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs10661-015-4436-3%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs10661-015-4436-3%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D4365I8JT%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Transfer%20of%20heavy%20metals%20through%20terrestrial%20food%20webs%3A%20a%20review%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jillian%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gall%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Robert%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Boyd%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nishanta%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rajakaruna%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Heavy%20metals%20are%20released%20into%20the%20environment%20by%20both%20anthropogenic%20and%20natural%20sources.%20Highly%20reactive%20and%20often%20toxic%20at%20low%20concentrations%2C%20they%20may%20enter%20soils%20and%20groundwater%2C%20bioaccumulate%20in%20food%20webs%2C%20and%20adversely%20affect%20biota.%20Heavy%20metals%20also%20may%20remain%20in%20the%20environment%20for%20years%2C%20posing%20long-term%20risks%20to%20life%20well%20after%20point%20sources%20of%20heavy%20metal%20pollution%20have%20been%20removed.%20In%20this%20review%2C%20we%20compile%20studies%20of%20the%20community-level%20effects%20of%20heavy%20metal%20pollution%2C%20including%20heavy%20metal%20transfer%20from%20soils%20to%20plants%2C%20microbes%2C%20invertebrates%2C%20and%20to%20both%20small%20and%20large%20mammals%20%28including%20humans%29.%20Many%20factors%20contribute%20to%20heavy%20metal%20accumulation%20in%20animals%20including%20behavior%2C%20physiology%2C%20and%20diet.%20Biotic%20effects%20of%20heavy%20metals%20are%20often%20quite%20different%20for%20essential%20and%20non-essential%20heavy%20metals%2C%20and%20vary%20depending%20on%20the%20specific%20metal%20involved.%20They%20also%20differ%20for%20adapted%20organisms%2C%20including%20metallophyte%20plants%20and%20heavy%20metal-tolerant%20insects%2C%20which%20occur%20in%20naturally%20high-metal%20habitats%20%28such%20as%20serpentine%20soils%29%20and%20have%20adaptations%20that%20allow%20them%20to%20tolerate%20exposure%20to%20relatively%20high%20concentrations%20of%20some%20heavy%20metals.%20Some%20metallophyte%20plants%20are%20hyperaccumulators%20of%20certain%20heavy%20metals%20and%20new%20technologies%20using%20them%20to%20clean%20metal-contaminated%20soil%20%28phytoextraction%29%20may%20offer%20economically%20attractive%20solutions%20to%20some%20metal%20pollution%20challenges.%20These%20new%20technologies%20provide%20incentive%20to%20catalog%20and%20protect%20the%20unique%20biodiversity%20of%20habitats%20that%20have%20naturally%20high%20levels%20of%20heavy%20metals.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs10661-015-4436-3%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2215732959%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A58%3A50Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%224FKFDC35%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Goschen%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015-06-15%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGoschen%2C%20W.%20S.%2C%20Bornman%2C%20T.%20G.%2C%20Deyzel%2C%20S.%20H.%20P.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Schumann%2C%20E.%20H.%20%282015%29.%20Coastal%20upwelling%20on%20the%20far%20eastern%20Agulhas%20Bank%20associated%20with%20large%20meanders%20in%20the%20Agulhas%20Current.%20%3Ci%3EContinental%20Shelf%20Research%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E101%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%2034%26%23×2013%3B46.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.csr.2015.04.004%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.csr.2015.04.004%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D4FKFDC35%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Coastal%20upwelling%20on%20the%20far%20eastern%20Agulhas%20Bank%20associated%20with%20large%20meanders%20in%20the%20Agulhas%20Current%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Goschen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bornman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20H.%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deyzel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schumann%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Six%20large%20solitary%20meanders%20in%20the%20Agulhas%20Current%2C%20so-called%20Natal%20Pulses%2C%20propagated%20down%20the%20eastern%20coast%20of%20South%20Africa%20between%202009%20and%202011.%20Their%20influence%20on%20the%20coastal%20waters%20between%20Port%20Alfred%20and%20Algoa%20Bay%2C%20on%20the%20far%20eastern%20Agulhas%20Bank%2C%20was%20measured%20by%20thermistor%20strings%20moored%20at%2030%5Cu201380m%20bottom%20depths%20and%20two%20current%20metres%20%2830m%20bottom%20depth%29%20located%20at%20both%20sides%20of%20Algoa%20Bay.%20During%20all%20events%20active%20upwelling%20lasting%201%5Cu20133%20weeks%20was%20observed%20over%20the%20inner%20shelf%20and%20in%20Algoa%20Bay.%20During%20upwelling%20the%20isotherms%20ascended%20at%20an%20average%20rate%20of%201.8mday%5Cu22121%20as%20the%20cold%20bottom%20layer%20increased%20in%20thickness%20to%2040%5Cu201360m%2C%20although%20upwelled%20water%20did%20not%20break%20the%20surface%20in%20all%20cases.%20Cold%20water%20remained%20in%20the%20area%20for%20a%20further%202%5Cu20133%20weeks.%20During%20three%20Natal%20Pulses%20the%20water%20temperatures%20at%20the%20outer%20moorings%20initially%20increased%20as%20the%20plume%20of%20the%20leading%20edge%20%28crest%29%20of%20the%20meander%20moved%20onshore.%20During%20one%20Natal%20Pulse%20upwelling%20was%20recorded%20before%20the%20warm%20water%20plume%20impacted%20the%20moorings.%20At%20the%20onset%20of%20upwelling%20currents%20switched%20to%20the%20southwest%20in%20the%20case%20of%20Bird%20Island%20and%20southward%20at%20the%20Cape%20Recife%20inner-bay%20site%20and%20reached%20a%20maximum%20speed%20of%2080cms%5Cu22121.%20During%20all%20Natal%20Pulses%20cold%20bottom%20water%20%2810%5Cu201312%5Cu00b0C%29%20flooded%20over%20the%2080m%20bottom%20depth%20moorings%20as%20the%20crest%20of%20the%20meander%20moved%20onshore%2C%20but%20also%20around%20the%20same%20time%20the%20core%20of%20the%20Agulhas%20Current%20began%20to%20move%20offshore.%20In%20all%20cases%20upwelling%20was%20wide-spread.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015-06-15%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.csr.2015.04.004%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220278-4343%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%5C%2Fscience%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0278434315000850%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2285DCE2P4%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-26T10%3A20%3A41Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22696CF4PS%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Granger%20and%20O%27Connor%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGranger%2C%20J.%20E.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20O%26%23×2019%3BConnor%2C%20T.%20G.%20%282015%29.%20Establishing%20Cynodon%20dactylon%20on%20mining%20tailings%20and%20mining-impacted%20soil%20of%20a%20copper%26%23×2013%3Bcobalt%20mine%20in%20the%20Democratic%20Republic%20of%20the%20Congo.%20%3Ci%3EAfrican%20Journal%20of%20Range%20and%20Forage%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E32%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%20173%26%23×2013%3B182.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F10220119.2014.980756%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F10220119.2014.980756%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D696CF4PS%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Establishing%20Cynodon%20dactylon%20on%20mining%20tailings%20and%20mining-impacted%20soil%20of%20a%20copper%5Cu2013cobalt%20mine%20in%20the%20Democratic%20Republic%20of%20the%20Congo%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Granger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22O%27Connor%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Mining%20for%20copper%20and%20cobalt%20generates%20extensive%20mounds%20of%20removed%20topsoil%20and%20subsoil%2C%20and%20tailings%20with%20toxic%20levels%20of%20copper%20and%20cobalt.%20The%20threat%20of%20soil%20erosion%20in%20a%20high%20rainfall%20regime%20can%20be%20countered%20with%20rapid%20establishment%20of%20a%20sod-forming%20grass%2C%20such%20as%20Cynodon%20dactylon%2C%20that%20covers%20and%20binds%20the%20soil.%20An%20experiment%20was%20initiated%20in%20early%202013%20to%20investigate%20whether%20planting%20vegetative%20material%20%28plugs%29%20was%20more%20effective%20than%20sowing%20of%20seed%2C%20and%20whether%20soil%20amelioration%20%28fertilisation%29%20was%20necessary%20on%20a%20substrate-specific%20basis.%20The%20experiment%20was%20assessed%20at%20the%20end%20of%20May%202013.%20Aerial%20vegetative%20cover%20was%20correlated%20with%20above-ground%20dry%20mass.%20Planting%20of%20plugs%20in%20combination%20with%20fertilisation%20was%20overall%20the%20most%20effective.%20On%20tailings%2C%20seed%20without%20fertilisation%20was%20a%20complete%20failure%20and%20fertilisation%20was%20essential%20for%20growth%20of%20plugs.%20Fertilised%20plugs%20resulted%20in%20a%20high%20density%20of%20stolons%20but%20fertilised%20seeds%20did%20not%2C%20although%20the%20response%20was%20delayed%20on%20tailings.%20Once%20phyto-stabilisation%20has%20been%20achieved%2C%20C.%20dactylon%20might%20serve%20as%20a%20nursery%20bed%20for%20establishing%20locally%20adapted%20cuprophytes%20of%20conservation%20significance.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.2989%5C%2F10220119.2014.980756%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2217279380%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A42%3A58Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2237RL7VJ4%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Griffith%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015-03%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGriffith%2C%20D.%20M.%2C%20Anderson%2C%20T.%20M.%2C%20Osborne%2C%20C.%20P.%2C%20Str%26%23xF6%3Bmberg%2C%20C.%20A.%20E.%2C%20Forrestel%2C%20E.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Still%2C%20C.%20J.%20%282015%29.%20Biogeographically%20distinct%20controls%20on%20C%20%5C%5Ctextlesssub%5C%5Ctextgreater3%5C%5Ctextless%5C%2Fsub%5C%5Ctextgreater%20and%20C%20%5C%5Ctextlesssub%5C%5Ctextgreater4%5C%5Ctextless%5C%2Fsub%5C%5Ctextgreater%20grass%20distributions%3A%20merging%20community%20and%20physiological%20ecology.%20%3Ci%3EGlobal%20Ecology%20and%20Biogeography%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E24%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%20304%26%23×2013%3B313.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fgeb.12265%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fgeb.12265%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D37RL7VJ4%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Biogeographically%20distinct%20controls%20on%20C%20%5C%5Ctextlesssub%5C%5Ctextgreater3%5C%5Ctextless%5C%2Fsub%5C%5Ctextgreater%20and%20C%20%5C%5Ctextlesssub%5C%5Ctextgreater4%5C%5Ctextless%5C%2Fsub%5C%5Ctextgreater%20grass%20distributions%3A%20merging%20community%20and%20physiological%20ecology%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Daniel%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Griffith%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%20Michael%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Anderson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Colin%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Osborne%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Caroline%20A.%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Str%5Cu00f6mberg%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elisabeth%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Forrestel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christopher%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Still%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015-03%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fgeb.12265%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221466822X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.wiley.com%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fgeb.12265%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A15%3A52Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22V4WAMR5Q%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Gwelo%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGwelo%2C%20A.%20F.%2C%20Tefera%2C%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Muchenje%2C%20V.%20%282015%29.%20Temporal%20and%20spatial%20dynamics%20of%20mineral%20levels%20of%20forage%2C%20soil%20and%20cattle%20blood%20serum%20in%20two%20semi-arid%20savannas%20of%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EAfrican%20Journal%20of%20Range%20and%20Forage%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E32%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29%2C%20279%26%23×2013%3B287.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F10220119.2015.1013155%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F10220119.2015.1013155%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DV4WAMR5Q%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Temporal%20and%20spatial%20dynamics%20of%20mineral%20levels%20of%20forage%2C%20soil%20and%20cattle%20blood%20serum%20in%20two%20semi-arid%20savannas%20of%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alice%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gwelo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Solomon%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tefera%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Voster%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Muchenje%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22In%20this%20study%2C%20we%20examined%20temporal%20and%20spatial%20dynamics%20of%20minerals%20of%20forage%2C%20soil%20and%20cattle%20serum%20in%20two%20savannas%20%28valley%20and%20plain%29%20of%20South%20Africa.%20The%20aims%20were%20to%20explore%20the%20relationships%20between%20ecosystem%20components%2C%20and%20plan%20communal%20grazing%20and%20fodder%20flow%20for%20sustainable%20livestock%20production.%20In%20each%20area%2C%20grazing%20sites%20near%2C%20at%20intermediate%20distance%20from%20%28middle%29%20and%20far%20from%20homesteads%20were%20selected.%20In%20the%20valley%20land%2C%20site%20interacted%20with%20season%20to%20influence%20local%20variations%20%28P%5C%5Ctextless0.05%29%20of%20soil%20calcium%20and%20microelements.%20In%20the%20plain%20lands%2C%20local%20variations%20occurred%20for%20soil%20phosphorus%20and%20magnesium.%20At%20the%20large%20scale%2C%20most%20macro-minerals%20showed%20differences%20between%20the%20valley%20and%20plain%20lands.%20In%20the%20valley%20areas%2C%20forage%20calcium%20differed%20%28P%5C%5Ctextless0.05%29%20locally%20in%20the%20dry%20season%2C%20whereas%20in%20the%20plain%20areas%2C%20potassium%20and%20phosphorus%20showed%20local%20variations%20%28P%5C%5Ctextless0.05%29%20in%20the%20wet%20season.%20Seasonal%20variations%20of%20most%20forage%20elements%20were%20significant%20within%20each%20local%20site%20of%20both%20study%20areas.%20All%20forages%20were%20deficient%20in%20phosphorus%20and%20copper.%20Cattle%20serum%20from%20the%20valley%20area%20had%20low%20iron%20concentrations.%20The%20study%20concluded%20that%20biotic%20and%20abiotic%20factors%20may%20influence%20the%20distribution%20of%20soil%20and%20forage%20elements%2C%20but%20their%20effects%20may%20vary%20between%20the%20two%20areas.%20Rangeland%20improvement%20and%20supplementation%20strategies%20are%20suggested%20to%20sustain%20animal%20production.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.2989%5C%2F10220119.2015.1013155%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2217279380%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A54%3A49Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22HS9QJ4DL%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Hatton%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHatton%2C%20I.%20A.%2C%20McCann%2C%20K.%20S.%2C%20Fryxell%2C%20J.%20M.%2C%20Davies%2C%20T.%20J.%2C%20Smerlak%2C%20M.%2C%20Sinclair%2C%20A.%20R.%20E.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Loreau%2C%20M.%20%282015%29.%20The%20predator-prey%20power%20law%3A%20Biomass%20scaling%20across%20terrestrial%20and%20aquatic%20biomes.%20%3Ci%3EScience%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E349%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%286252%29.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1126%5C%2Fscience.aac6284%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1126%5C%2Fscience.aac6284%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DHS9QJ4DL%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20predator-prey%20power%20law%3A%20Biomass%20scaling%20across%20terrestrial%20and%20aquatic%20biomes%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ian%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hatton%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kevin%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McCann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fryxell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%20Jonathan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Davies%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Matteo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Smerlak%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anthony%20R.E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sinclair%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Loreau%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Ecosystems%20exhibit%20surprising%20regularities%20in%20structure%20and%20function%20across%20terrestrial%20and%20aquatic%20biomes%20worldwide.We%20assembled%20a%20global%20data%20set%20for%202260%20communities%20of%20large%20mammals%2C%20invertebrates%2C%20plants%2C%20and%20plankton.We%20find%20that%20predator%20and%20prey%20biomass%20follow%20a%20general%20scaling%20law%20with%20exponents%20consistently%20near.%20This%20pervasive%20pattern%20implies%20that%20the%20structure%20of%20the%20biomass%20pyramid%20becomes%20increasingly%20bottom-heavy%20at%20higher%20biomass.%20Similar%20exponents%20are%20obtained%20for%20community%20production-biomass%20relations%2C%20suggesting%20conserved%20links%20between%20ecosystem%20structure%20and%20function.%20These%20exponents%20are%20similar%20to%20many%20body%20mass%20allometries%2C%20and%20yet%20ecosystem%20scaling%20emerges%20independently%20from%20individual-level%20scaling%2C%20which%20is%20not%20fully%20understood.%20These%20patterns%20suggest%20a%20greater%20degree%20of%20ecosystem-level%20organization%20than%20previously%20recognized%20and%20a%20more%20predictive%20approach%20to%20ecological%20theory.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1126%5C%2Fscience.aac6284%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2210959203%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A00%3A23Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22LIZYEX7P%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22He%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHe%2C%20K.%20S.%2C%20Bradley%2C%20B.%20A.%2C%20Cord%2C%20A.%20F.%2C%20Rocchini%2C%20D.%2C%20Tuanmu%2C%20M.%20N.%2C%20Schmidtlein%2C%20S.%2C%20Turner%2C%20W.%2C%20Wegmann%2C%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Pettorelli%2C%20N.%20%282015%29.%20Will%20remote%20sensing%20shape%20the%20next%20generation%20of%20species%20distribution%20models%3F%20%3Ci%3ERemote%20Sensing%20in%20Ecology%20and%20Conservation%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E1%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%204%26%23×2013%3B18.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Frse2.7%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Frse2.7%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DLIZYEX7P%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Will%20remote%20sensing%20shape%20the%20next%20generation%20of%20species%20distribution%20models%3F%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kate%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22He%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bethany%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bradley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anna%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cord%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Duccio%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rocchini%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mao%20Ning%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tuanmu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sebastian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schmidtlein%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Woody%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Turner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wegmann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nathalie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pettorelli%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Two%20prominent%20limitations%20of%20species%20distribution%20models%20%28SDMs%29%20are%20spatial%20biases%20in%20existing%20occurrence%20data%20and%20a%20lack%20of%20spatially%20explicit%20predictor%20variables%20to%20fully%20capture%20habitat%20characteristics%20of%20species.%20Can%20existing%20and%20emerging%20remote%20sensing%20technologies%20meet%20these%20challenges%20and%20improve%20future%20SDMs%3F%20We%20believe%20so.%20Novel%20products%20derived%20from%20multispectral%20and%20hyperspectral%20sensors%2C%20as%20well%20as%20future%20Light%20Detection%20and%20Ranging%20%28LiDAR%29%20and%20RADAR%20missions%2C%20may%20play%20a%20key%20role%20in%20improving%20model%20performance.%20In%20this%20perspective%20piece%2C%20we%20demonstrate%20how%20modern%20sensors%20onboard%20satellites%2C%20planes%20and%20unmanned%20aerial%20vehicles%20are%20revolutionizing%20the%20way%20we%20can%20detect%20and%20monitor%20both%20plant%20and%20animal%20species%20in%20terrestrial%20and%20aquatic%20ecosystems%20as%20well%20as%20allowing%20the%20emergence%20of%20novel%20predictor%20variables%20appropriate%20for%20species%20distribution%20modeling.%20We%20hope%20this%20interdisciplinary%20perspective%20will%20motivate%20ecologists%2C%20remote%20sensing%20experts%20and%20modelers%20to%20work%20together%20for%20developing%20a%20more%20refined%20SDM%20framework%20in%20the%20near%20future.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2Frse2.7%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2220563485%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A50%3A23Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ADNWRFL5%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Hempson%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHempson%2C%20G.%20P.%2C%20Archibald%2C%20S.%2C%20Bond%2C%20W.%20J.%2C%20Ellis%2C%20R.%20P.%2C%20Grant%2C%20C.%20C.%2C%20Kruger%2C%20F.%20J.%2C%20Kruger%2C%20L.%20M.%2C%20Moxley%2C%20C.%2C%20Owen-Smith%2C%20N.%2C%20Peel%2C%20M.%20J.%20S.%2C%20Smit%2C%20I.%20P.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Vickers%2C%20K.%20J.%20%282015%29.%20Ecology%20of%20grazing%20lawns%20in%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EBiological%20Reviews%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E90%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%20979%26%23×2013%3B994.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fbrv.12145%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fbrv.12145%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DADNWRFL5%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Ecology%20of%20grazing%20lawns%20in%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gareth%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hempson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sally%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Archibald%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bond%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Roger%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ellis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cornelia%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Grant%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fred%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kruger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Laurence%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kruger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Courtney%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moxley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Norman%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Owen-Smith%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mike%20J.S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Peel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Izak%20P.J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Smit%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Karen%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vickers%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Grazing%20lawns%20are%20a%20distinct%20grassland%20community%20type%2C%20characterised%20by%20short-stature%20and%20with%20their%20persistence%20and%20spread%20promoted%20by%20grazing.%20In%20Africa%2C%20they%20reveal%20a%20long%20co-evolutionary%20history%20of%20grasses%20and%20large%20mammal%20grazers.%20The%20attractiveness%20to%20grazers%20of%20a%20low-biomass%20sward%20lies%20in%20the%20relatively%20high%20quality%20of%20forage%2C%20largely%20due%20to%20the%20low%20proportion%20of%20stem%20material%20in%20the%20sward%3B%20this%20encourages%20repeat%20grazing%20that%20concomitantly%20suppresses%20tall-grass%20growth%20forms%20that%20would%20otherwise%20outcompete%20lawn%20species%20for%20light.%20Regular%20grazing%20that%20prevents%20shading%20and%20maintains%20sward%20quality%20is%20thus%20the%20cornerstone%20of%20grazing%20lawn%20dynamics.%20The%20strong%20interplay%20between%20abiotic%20conditions%20and%20disturbance%20factors%2C%20which%20are%20central%20to%20grazing%20lawn%20existence%2C%20can%20also%20cause%20these%20systems%20to%20be%20highly%20dynamic.%20Here%20we%20identify%20differences%20in%20growth%20form%20among%20grazing%20lawn%20grass%20species%2C%20and%20assess%20how%20compositional%20differences%20among%20lawn%20types%2C%20as%20well%20as%20environmental%20variables%2C%20influence%20their%20maintenance%20requirements%20%28i.e.%20grazing%20frequency%29%20and%20vulnerability%20to%20degradation.%20We%20also%20make%20a%20clear%20distinction%20between%20the%20processes%20of%20lawn%20establishment%20and%20lawn%20maintenance.%20Rainfall%2C%20soil%20nutrient%20status%2C%20grazer%20community%20composition%20and%20fire%20regime%20have%20strong%20and%20interactive%20influences%20on%20both%20processes.%20However%2C%20factors%20that%20concentrate%20grazing%20pressure%20%28e.g.%20nutrient%20hotspots%20and%20sodic%20sites%29%20have%20more%20bearing%20on%20where%20lawns%20establish.%20Similarly%2C%20we%20discuss%20the%20relevance%20of%20enhanced%20rates%20of%20nitrogen%20cycling%20and%20of%20sodium%20levels%20to%20lawn%20maintenance.%20Grazer%20community%20composition%20and%20density%20has%20considerable%20significance%20to%20grazing%20lawn%20dynamics%3B%20not%20all%20grazers%20are%20adapted%20to%20foraging%20on%20short-grass%20swards%2C%20and%20differences%20in%20body%20size%20and%20relative%20mouth%20dimensions%20determine%20which%20species%20are%20able%20to%20convert%20tall-grass%20swards%20into%20grazing%20lawns%20under%20different%20conditions.%20Hence%2C%20we%20evaluate%20the%20roles%20of%20different%20grazers%20in%20lawn%20dynamics%2C%20as%20well%20as%20the%20benefits%20that%20grazer%20populations%20derive%20from%20having%20access%20to%20grazing%20lawns.%20The%20effects%20of%20grazing%20lawns%20can%20extend%20well%20beyond%20their%20borders%2C%20due%20to%20their%20influence%20on%20grazer%20densities%2C%20behaviour%20and%20movements%20as%20well%20as%20fire%20spread%2C%20intensity%20and%20frequency.%20Variation%20in%20the%20area%20and%20proportion%20of%20a%20landscape%20that%20is%20grazing%20lawn%20can%20thus%20have%20a%20profound%20impact%20on%20system%20dynamics.%20We%20provide%20a%20conceptual%20model%20that%20summarises%20grazing%20lawn%20dynamics%2C%20and%20identify%20a%20rainfall%20range%20where%20we%20predict%20grazing%20lawns%20to%20be%20most%20prevalent.%20We%20also%20examine%20the%20biodiversity%20associated%20with%20grazing%20lawn%20systems%2C%20and%20consider%20their%20functional%20contribution%20to%20the%20conservation%20of%20this%20biodiversity.%20Finally%2C%20we%20assess%20the%20utility%20of%20grazing%20lawns%20as%20a%20resource%20in%20a%20rangeland%20context.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fbrv.12145%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221469185X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A54%3A55Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22YR4G2XTR%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Hempson%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHempson%2C%20G.%20P.%2C%20Illius%2C%20A.%20W.%2C%20Hendricks%2C%20H.%20H.%2C%20Bond%2C%20W.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Vetter%2C%20S.%20%282015%29.%20Herbivore%20population%20regulation%20and%20resource%20heterogeneity%20in%20a%20stochastic%20environment.%20%3Ci%3EEcology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E96%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%288%29%2C%202170%26%23×2013%3B2180.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1890%5C%2F14-1501.1%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1890%5C%2F14-1501.1%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DYR4G2XTR%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Herbivore%20population%20regulation%20and%20resource%20heterogeneity%20in%20a%20stochastic%20environment%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hempson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Illius%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hendricks%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bond%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vetter%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Large-mammal%20herbivore%20populations%20are%20subject%20to%20the%20interaction%20of%20internal%20density-dependent%20processes%20and%20external%20environmental%20stochasticity.%20We%20disentangle%20these%20processes%20by%20linking%20consumer%20population%20dynamics%2C%20in%20a%20highly%20stochastic%20environment%2C%20to%20the%20availability%20of%20their%20key%20forage%20resource%20via%20effects%20on%20body%20condition%20and%20subsequent%20fecundity%20and%20mortality%20rates.%20Body%20condition%20and%20demographic%20rate%20data%20were%20obtained%20by%20monitoring%20500%20tagged%20female%20goats%20in%20the%20Richtersveld%20National%20Park%2C%20South%20Africa%2C%20over%20a%20three-year%20period.%20Identifying%20the%20key%20resource%20and%20pathway%20to%20density%20dependence%20for%20a%20population%20allows%20environmental%20stochasticity%20to%20be%20partitioned%20into%20that%20which%20has%20strong%20feedbacks%20to%20population%20stability%2C%20and%20that%20which%20does%20not.%20Our%20data%20reveal%20a%20densitydependent%20seasonal%20decline%20in%20goat%20body%20condition%20in%20response%20to%20concomitant%20densitydependent%20depletion%20of%20the%20dry-season%20forage%20resource.%20The%20loss%20in%20body%20condition%20reduced%20density-dependent%20pregnancy%20rates%2C%20litter%20sizes%2C%20and%20pre-weaning%20survival.%20Survival%20was%20lowest%20following%20the%20most%20severe%20dry%20season%20and%20for%20juveniles.%20Adult%20survival%20in%20the%20late-dry%20season%20depended%20on%20body%20condition%20in%20the%20mid-dry%20season.%20Population%20growth%20was%20determined%20by%20the%20length%20of%20the%20dry%20season%20and%20the%20population%20size%20in%20the%20previous%20year.%20The%20RNP%20goat%20population%20is%20thereby%20dynamically%20coupled%20primarily%20to%20its%20dry-season%20forage%20resource.%20Extreme%20environmental%20variability%20thus%20does%20not%20decouple%20consumer%20resource%20dynamics%2C%20in%20contrast%20to%20the%20views%20of%20nonequilibrium%20protagonists.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1890%5C%2F14-1501.1%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2200129658%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A57%3A57Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22M8BAFFUH%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Hempson%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHempson%2C%20G.%20P.%2C%20Archibald%2C%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Bond%2C%20W.%20J.%20%282015%29.%20A%20continent-wide%20assessment%20of%20the%20form%20and%20intensity%20of%20large%20mammal%20herbivory%20in%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EScience%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E350%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%286264%29%2C%201056%26%23×2013%3B1061.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1126%5C%2Fscience.aac7978%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1126%5C%2Fscience.aac7978%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DM8BAFFUH%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20continent-wide%20assessment%20of%20the%20form%20and%20intensity%20of%20large%20mammal%20herbivory%20in%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gareth%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hempson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sally%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Archibald%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bond%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Megafaunal%20extinctions%20and%20a%20lack%20of%20suitable%20remote%20sensing%20technology%20impede%20our%20understanding%20of%20both%20the%20ecological%20legacy%20and%20current%20impacts%20of%20large%20mammal%20herbivores%20in%20the%20Earth%20system.%20To%20address%20this%2C%20we%20reconstructed%20the%20form%20and%20intensity%20of%20herbivory%20pressure%20across%20sub-Saharan%20Africa%20%5Cu223c1000%20years%20ago.%20Specifically%2C%20we%20modeled%20and%20mapped%20species-level%20biomass%20for%2092%20large%20mammal%20herbivores%20using%20census%20data%2C%20species%20distributions%2C%20and%20environmental%20covariates.%20Trait-based%20classifications%20of%20these%20species%20into%20herbivore%20functional%20types%2C%20and%20analyses%20of%20their%20biomass%20surfaces%2C%20reveal%20four%20ecologically%20distinct%20continental-scale%20herbivory%20regimes%2C%20characterized%20by%20internally%20similar%20forms%20and%20intensities%20of%20herbivory%20pressure.%20Associations%20between%20herbivory%20regimes%2C%20fire%20prevalence%2C%20soil%20nutrient%20status%2C%20and%20rainfall%20provide%20important%20insights%20into%20African%20ecology%20and%20pave%20the%20way%20for%20integrating%20herbivores%20into%20global-scale%20studies.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1126%5C%2Fscience.aac7978%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2210959203%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A05%3A45Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22N8P8MAGF%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Hempson%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHempson%2C%20G.%20P.%2C%20Archibald%2C%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Bond%2C%20W.%20J.%20%282015%29.%20A%20continent-wide%20assessment%20of%20the%20form%20and%20intensity%20of%20large%20mammal%20herbivory%20in%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EScience%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E350%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%286264%29%2C%201056%26%23×2013%3B1061.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1126%5C%2Fscience.aac7978%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1126%5C%2Fscience.aac7978%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DN8P8MAGF%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20continent-wide%20assessment%20of%20the%20form%20and%20intensity%20of%20large%20mammal%20herbivory%20in%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gareth%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hempson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sally%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Archibald%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bond%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Megafaunal%20extinctions%20and%20a%20lack%20of%20suitable%20remote%20sensing%20technology%20impede%20our%20understanding%20of%20both%20the%20ecological%20legacy%20and%20current%20impacts%20of%20large%20mammal%20herbivores%20in%20the%20Earth%20system.%20To%20address%20this%2C%20we%20reconstructed%20the%20form%20and%20intensity%20of%20herbivory%20pressure%20across%20sub-Saharan%20Africa%20%5Cu223c1000%20years%20ago.%20Specifically%2C%20we%20modeled%20and%20mapped%20species-level%20biomass%20for%2092%20large%20mammal%20herbivores%20using%20census%20data%2C%20species%20distributions%2C%20and%20environmental%20covariates.%20Trait-based%20classifications%20of%20these%20species%20into%20herbivore%20functional%20types%2C%20and%20analyses%20of%20their%20biomass%20surfaces%2C%20reveal%20four%20ecologically%20distinct%20continental-scale%20herbivory%20regimes%2C%20characterized%20by%20internally%20similar%20forms%20and%20intensities%20of%20herbivory%20pressure.%20Associations%20between%20herbivory%20regimes%2C%20fire%20prevalence%2C%20soil%20nutrient%20status%2C%20and%20rainfall%20provide%20important%20insights%20into%20African%20ecology%20and%20pave%20the%20way%20for%20integrating%20herbivores%20into%20global-scale%20studies.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1126%5C%2Fscience.aac7978%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2210959203%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A05%3A43Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%224RZ7HYDF%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Henrici%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHenrici%2C%20A.%20%282015%29.%20Notes%20and%20records.%20%3Ci%3EField%20Mycology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E16%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%2033%26%23×2013%3B36.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.fldmyc.2015.01.013%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.fldmyc.2015.01.013%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D4RZ7HYDF%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Notes%20and%20records%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alick%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Henrici%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.fldmyc.2015.01.013%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2214681641%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A45%3A20Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%225D5HI275%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Henschel%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015-05-04%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHenschel%2C%20J.%20R.%20%282015%29.%20Locust%20times%20%26%23×2013%3B%20monitoring%20populations%20and%20outbreak%20controls%20in%20relation%20to%20Karoo%20natural%20capital.%20%3Ci%3ETransactions%20of%20the%20Royal%20Society%20of%20South%20Africa%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E70%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20135%26%23×2013%3B143.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F0035919X.2015.1046974%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F0035919X.2015.1046974%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D5D5HI275%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Locust%20times%20%5Cu2013%20monitoring%20populations%20and%20outbreak%20controls%20in%20relation%20to%20Karoo%20natural%20capital%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joh%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Henschel%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Three%20decades%20ago%20a%20locust%20conference%20in%20Kimberley%20deliberated%20on%20the%20Brown%20Locust%20Locustana%20pardalina%20%28Walker%29%2C%20its%20biology%2C%20feeding%20ecology%2C%20population%20dynamics%2C%20outbreak%20extent%20and%20frequency%2C%20swarm%20movements%20and%20artificial%20control%20of%20outbreaks.%20The%20current%20paper%20evaluates%20recommendations%20made%20at%20this%20conference.%20In%20contrast%20to%20the%20high%20levels%20of%20effort%20and%20funding%20allocated%20for%20over%20a%20century%20to%20the%20control%20of%20locust%20swarms%20by%20means%20of%20insecticides%2C%20relatively%20little%20has%20been%20spent%20on%20research%20of%20the%20Brown%20Locust%2C%20not%20even%20to%20verify%20and%20characterise%20the%20actual%20problem.%20Methods%20of%20locust%20control%20have%20improved%20and%20environmental%20impacts%20of%20current%20applications%20are%20somewhat%20reduced.%20A%20critical%2C%20comprehensive%20cost-benefit%20analysis%2C%20necessary%20to%20evaluate%20whether%20costly%20control%20measures%20and%20continuous%20interventions%20are%20warranted%2C%20has%20still%20not%20been%20conducted.%20Many%20other%20knowledge%20gaps%20remain%2C%20such%20as%20the%20ecological%20significance%20of%20locusts%20as%20one%20of%20the%20remaining%20swarming%20phenomena%20of%20the%20Karoo.%20Swarms%20of%20locusts%20feed%20here%2C%20defecate%20there%2C%20and%20die%20elsewhere%2C%20while%20numerous%20predators%20track%20locust%20abundance%20cycles%20and%20movements%2C%20altogether%20forming%20intricate%20patterns%20over%20time%20and%20space%20of%20dynamic%20food%20webs%20and%20nutrient%20recycling%20across%20the%20Karoo%20and%20beyond.%20Past%20records%20of%20Brown%20Locust%20population%20irruptions%20and%20crashes%20in%20the%20Karoo%20extend%20over%20200%20years.%20Suggestions%20are%20made%20on%20how%20longterm%20monitoring%20could%20be%20continued%20and%20broadened%20to%20encompass%20knowledge%20gaps.%20Brown%20Locusts%20are%20potentially%20useful%20indicators%20of%20ecosystem%20integrity%20and%20climate%20change%2C%20a%20potential%20that%20should%20be%20tested.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015-05-04%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1080%5C%2F0035919X.2015.1046974%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220035-919X%2C%202154-0098%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Ffull%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F0035919X.2015.1046974%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22CM9YQJBN%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-15T08%3A05%3A46Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22M5VN74UX%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Higgins%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHiggins%2C%20S.%20I.%2C%20Keretetse%2C%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20February%2C%20E.%20C.%20%282015%29.%20Feedback%20of%20trees%20on%20nitrogen%20mineralization%20to%20restrict%20the%20advance%20of%20trees%20in%20C4%20savannahs.%20%3Ci%3EBiology%20Letters%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E11%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%288%29.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1098%5C%2Frsbl.2015.0572%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1098%5C%2Frsbl.2015.0572%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DM5VN74UX%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Feedback%20of%20trees%20on%20nitrogen%20mineralization%20to%20restrict%20the%20advance%20of%20trees%20in%20C4%20savannahs%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Steven%20I.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Higgins%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Moagi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Keretetse%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Edmund%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22February%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Remote%20sensing%20studies%20suggest%20that%20savannahs%20are%20transforming%20into%20more%20tree-dominated%20states%3B%20however%2C%20progressive%20nitrogen%20limitation%20could%20potentially%20retard%20this%20putatively%20CO2-driven%20invasion.%20We%20analysed%20controls%20on%20nitrogen%20mineralization%20rates%20in%20savannah%20by%20manipulating%20rainfall%20and%20the%20cover%20of%20grass%20and%20tree%20elements%20against%20the%20backdrop%20of%20the%20seasonal%20temperature%20and%20rainfall%20variation.%20We%20found%20that%20the%20seasonal%20pattern%20of%20nitrogen%20mineralization%20was%20strongly%20influenced%20by%20rainfall%2C%20and%20that%20manipulative%20increases%20in%20rainfall%20could%20boost%20mineralization%20rates.%20Additionally%2C%20mineralization%20rates%20were%20considerably%20higher%20on%20plots%20with%20grasses%20and%20lower%20on%20plots%20with%20trees.%20Our%20findings%20suggest%20that%20shifting%20a%20savannah%20from%20a%20grass%20to%20a%20tree-dominated%20state%20can%20substantially%20reduce%20nitrogen%20mineralization%20rates%2C%20thereby%20potentially%20creating%20a%20negative%20feedback%20on%20the%20CO2-induced%20invasion%20of%20savannahs%20by%20trees.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1098%5C%2Frsbl.2015.0572%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221744957X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A43%3A33Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22QWE9E9LL%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Higgins%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHiggins%2C%20S.%20I.%2C%20Keretetse%2C%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20February%2C%20E.%20C.%20%282015%29.%20Feedback%20of%20trees%20on%20nitrogen%20mineralization%20to%20restrict%20the%20advance%20of%20trees%20in%20C4%20savannahs.%20%3Ci%3EBiology%20Letters%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E11%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%288%29%2C%2020150572.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DQWE9E9LL%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Feedback%20of%20trees%20on%20nitrogen%20mineralization%20to%20restrict%20the%20advance%20of%20trees%20in%20C4%20savannahs%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Steven%20I%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Higgins%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Moagi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Keretetse%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Edmund%20C%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22February%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221744-9561%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A20%3A53Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%223RJ4HV7Z%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Holdo%20and%20Brocato%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHoldo%2C%20R.%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Brocato%2C%20E.%20R.%20%282015%29.%20Tree%26%23×2013%3Bgrass%20competition%20varies%20across%20select%20savanna%20tree%20species%3A%20a%20potential%20role%20for%20rooting%20depth.%20%3Ci%3EPlant%20Ecology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E216%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29%2C%20577%26%23×2013%3B588.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs11258-015-0460-1%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs11258-015-0460-1%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D3RJ4HV7Z%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Tree%5Cu2013grass%20competition%20varies%20across%20select%20savanna%20tree%20species%3A%20a%20potential%20role%20for%20rooting%20depth%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ricardo%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Holdo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Emily%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Brocato%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Tree%5Cu2013grass%20competition%20is%20recognized%20as%20an%20important%20ecological%20process%20in%20savannas%20and%20woodlands%2C%20yet%20we%20only%20have%20a%20limited%20understanding%20of%20how%20it%20varies%20across%20tree%20species%2C%20particularly%20in%20relation%20to%20water%20use%20and%20root%20morphology.%20We%20grew%20seedlings%20of%20three%20African%20savanna%20tree%20species%20either%20with%20or%20without%20grasses%20in%20a%20greenhouse%20experiment%20over%208%20months.%20We%20measured%20soil%20moisture%20content%20at%20three%20depths%20throughout%20the%20course%20of%20the%20experiment%20and%20measured%20seedling%20height%2C%20root%20depth%2C%20and%20root%20allocation%20as%20a%20function%20of%20depth%20at%20the%20end%20of%20the%20experiment.%20The%20tree%20species%20differed%20markedly%20in%20their%20response%20to%20grass%20competition%2C%20ranging%20between%20a%20reduction%20%5C%5Ctextgreater50%20%25%20in%20relative%20growth%20rate%20to%20no%20effect.%20The%20species%20also%20differed%20in%20terms%20of%20relative%20root%20mass%20allocation%20with%20depth%2C%20despite%20a%20lack%20of%20maximum%20rooting%20depth%20differences.%20Against%20expectations%2C%20the%20species%20with%20the%20deepest%20rooting%20allocation%20was%20highly%20susceptible%20to%20competition%20from%20grasses.%20Grass%20presence%20led%20to%20a%20reduction%20of%20soil%20moisture%20in%20relation%20to%20controls%20and%20the%20reduction%20increased%20as%20a%20function%20of%20depth.%20Analysis%20of%20soil%20moisture%20reductions%20during%20dry%20periods%20indicated%20that%20grass%20uptake%20was%20dominant%20in%20the%20upper%20soil%20layers%2C%20suggesting%20that%20lower%20water%20availability%20at%20depth%20associated%20with%20the%20presence%20of%20grass%20was%20the%20result%20of%20reduced%20flow%20to%20deeper%20layers.%20We%20hypothesize%20that%20shallow-rooted%20tree%20species%20may%20be%20able%20to%20successfully%20engage%20in%20exploitative%20competition%20with%20grasses%2C%20but%20deep-rooted%20species%20may%20be%20exposed%20to%20interference%20competition%20when%20water%20is%20limiting.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs11258-015-0460-1%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2215735052%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A44%3A05Z%22%7D%7D%5D%7D
Allsopp, N., Anderson, P. M. L., Holmes, P. M., Melin, A., & others. (2015). People, the Cape floristic region, and sustainability. http://ir.sun.ac.za/cib/bitstream/handle/123456789/1878/Holmes_Chapter15_2015.pdf?sequence=1 Cite

Anderson, T. M., Morrison, T., Rugemalila, D., & Holdo, R. (2015). Compositional decoupling of savanna canopy and understory tree communities in Serengeti. Journal of Vegetation Science, 26(2), 385–394. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.12241 Cite

Anonymous. (2015). Pest risk analysis for the Ambrosia beetle Euwallacea sp. including all the species within the genus Euwallacea that are morphologically similar to E. fornicatus. November 2015, 61. https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/XYLBFO/documents Cite

Archer, S., & Archer, S. (2015). Centre d ’ études nordiques ( CEN ), Université Laval predicting the future. 2(1), 83–99. Cite

Archer, S., & Archer, S. (2015). Centre d ’ études nordiques ( CEN ), Université Laval predicting the future. 2(1), 83–99. Cite

Banana, A. Y., & Turyahabwe, N. (2015). The Commonwealth Forestry Review,. 77(2), 113–118. Cite

Bellprat, O., Lott, F. C., Gulizia, C., Parker, H. R., Pampuch, L. A., Pinto, I., Ciavarella, A., & Stott, P. A. (2015). Unusual past dry and wet rainy seasons over Southern Africa and South America from a climate perspective. Weather and Climate Extremes, 9, 36–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2015.07.001 Cite

Bennett, A. C., Mcdowell, N. G., Allen, C. D., & Anderson-Teixeira, K. J. (2015). Larger trees suffer most during drought in forests worldwide. Nature Plants, 1, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1038/nplants.2015.139 Cite

Bennett, A. C., Allen, C. D., & Anderson-Teixeira, K. J. (2015). Larger trees suffer most during drought in forests worldwide. Nature Plants, 1, 15139. https://doi.org/10.1038/NPLANTS.2015.139 Cite

Biocultivos, S. A., & Sarmiento, M. (2015). r Fo Pe er Re vi r Fo Pe er Re vi. Cite

Blomqvist, S., Ekeroth, N., Elmgren, R., & Hall, POJ. (2015). Marine Ecology Progress Series, 538(null), 13. Cite

Bogena, H. R., Bol, R., Borchard, N., Brüggemann, N., Diekkrüger, B., Drüe, C., Groh, J., Gottselig, N., Huisman, J. A., Lücke, A., Missong, A., Neuwirth, B., Pütz, T., Schmidt, M., Stockinger, M., Tappe, W., Weihermüller, L., Wiekenkamp, I., & Vereecken, H. (2015). A terrestrial observatory approach to the integrated investigation of the effects of deforestation on water, energy, and matter fluxes. Science China Earth Sciences, 58(1), 61–75. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-014-4911-7 Cite

Brunner, I., Herzog, C., Dawes, M. A., Arend, M., & Sperisen, C. (2015). How tree roots respond to drought. Frontiers in Plant Science, 6(JULY), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2015.00547 Cite

Cerutti, P. O., Sola, P., Chenevoy, A., Iiyama, M., Yila, J., Zhou, W., Djoudi, H., Atyi, R. E. A., Gautier, D. J., Gumbo, D., Kuehl, Y., Levang, P., Martius, C., Matthews, R., Nasi, R., Neufeldt, H., Njenga, M., Petrokofsky, G., Saunders, M., … Van Noordwijk, M. (2015). The socioeconomic and environmental impacts of wood energy value chains in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic map protocol. Environmental Evidence, 4(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13750-015-0038-3 Cite

Charles-Dominique, T., Staver, A. C., Midgley, G. F., & Bond, W. J. (2015). Functional differentiation of biomes in an African savanna/forest mosaic. South African Journal of Botany, 101(June), 82–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2015.05.005 Cite

Clulow, A. D., Everson, C. S., Mengistu, M. G., Price, J. S., Nickless, A., & Jewitt, G. P. W. (2015). Extending periodic eddy covariance latent heat fluxes through tree sap-flow measurements to estimate long-term total evaporation in a peat swamp forest. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 19(5), 2513–2534. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2513-2015 Cite

Colgan, M. S., Martin, R. E., Baldeck, C. A., & Asner, G. P. (2015). Tree foliar chemistry in an African savanna and its relation to life history strategies and environmental filters. PLoS ONE, 10(5), 14–16. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0124078 Cite

Cook, G. D., Liedloff, A. C., Cuff, N. J., Brocklehurst, P. S., & Williams, R. J. (2015). Stocks and dynamics of carbon in trees across a rainfall gradient in a tropical savanna. Austral Ecology, 40(7), 845–856. https://doi.org/10.1111/aec.12262 Cite

Crookes, D. J., & Blignaut, J. N. (2015). Debunking the myth that a legal trade will solve the rhino horn crisis: A system dynamics model for market demand. Journal for Nature Conservation, 28, 11–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2015.08.001 Cite

De Vos, L., Watson, R., Götz, A., & Attwood, C. (2015). Baited remote underwater video system (BRUVs) survey of chondrichthyan diversity in False Bay, South Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37(2), 209–218. https://doi.org/10.2989/1814232X.2015.1036119 Cite

Des, E., Unis, E., & Washington, S. N. W. (2015). 1996_SJW_Book_chapter.pdf. Cite

Devine, A. P., Stott, I., McDonald, R. A., & Maclean, I. M. D. (2015). Woody cover in wet and dry African savannas after six decades of experimental fires. Journal of Ecology, 103(2), 473–478. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12367 Cite

Devine, A. P., Stott, I., McDonald, R. A., & Maclean, I. (2015). Woody cover in wet and dry African savannas after six decades of experimental fires. Journal of Ecology, 103(2), 473–478. Cite

Du Toit, J., van den Berg, L., & O’Connor, T. (2015). Fire effects on vegetation in a grassy dwarf shrubland at a site in the eastern Karoo, South Africa. African Journal of Range & Forage Science, 32. https://doi.org/10.2989/10220119.2014.913077 Cite

du Toit, J. C. O., O’Connor, T. G., & Van den Berg, L. (2015). Photographic evidence of fire-induced shifts from dwarf-shrub- to grass-dominated vegetation in Nama-Karoo. South African Journal of Botany, 101, 148–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2015.06.002 Cite

Fan, Z., Neff, J. C., & Hanan, N. P. (2015). Modeling pulsed soil respiration in an African savanna ecosystem. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 200(January), 282–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.10.009 Cite

Fan, Z., Neff, J. C., & Hanan, N. P. (2015). Modeling pulsed soil respiration in an African savanna ecosystem. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 200, 282–292. Cite

Fensham, R. J., Fraser, J., Macdermott, H. J., & Firn, J. (2015). Dominant tree species are at risk from exaggerated drought under climate change. Global Change Biology, 21(10), 3777–3785. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12981 Cite

Fey, S. B., Siepielski, A. M., Nusslé, S., Cervantes-Yoshida, K., Hwan, J. L., Huber, E. R., Fey, M. J., Catenazzi, A., & Carlson, S. M. (2015). Recent shifts in the occurrence, cause, and magnitude of animal mass mortality events. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 112(4), 1083–1088. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1414894112 Cite

Fitchett, J. M., Thompson, D. I., & Grab, S. W. (2015). Plant Phenology and Climate Change: Progress in Theory, Methods and Trends. Progress in Physical Geography, 39(4), 460–482. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi/10.1177/0309133315578940 Cite

Foord, S. H., Gelebe, V., & Prendini, L. (2015). Effects of aspect and altitude on scorpion diversity along an environmental gradient in the Soutpansberg, South Africa. Journal of Arid Environments, 113, 114–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2014.10.006 Cite

Ford, A. T., & Goheen, J. R. (2015). Trophic Cascades by Large Carnivores: A Case for Strong Inference and Mechanism. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 30(12), 725–735. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2015.09.012 Cite

Forrestel, E. J., Donoghue, M. J., & Smith, M. D. (2015). Functional differences between dominant grasses drive divergent responses to large herbivore loss in mesic savanna grasslands of North America and South Africa. Journal of Ecology, 103(3), 714–724. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12376 Cite

Gall, J. E., Boyd, R. S., & Rajakaruna, N. (2015). Transfer of heavy metals through terrestrial food webs: a review. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 187(4). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4436-3 Cite

Goschen, W. S., Bornman, T. G., Deyzel, S. H. P., & Schumann, E. H. (2015). Coastal upwelling on the far eastern Agulhas Bank associated with large meanders in the Agulhas Current. Continental Shelf Research, 101, 34–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2015.04.004 Cite

Granger, J. E., & O’Connor, T. G. (2015). Establishing Cynodon dactylon on mining tailings and mining-impacted soil of a copper–cobalt mine in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. African Journal of Range and Forage Science, 32(3), 173–182. https://doi.org/10.2989/10220119.2014.980756 Cite

Griffith, D. M., Anderson, T. M., Osborne, C. P., Strömberg, C. A. E., Forrestel, E. J., & Still, C. J. (2015). Biogeographically distinct controls on C textlesssubtextgreater3textless/subtextgreater and C textlesssubtextgreater4textless/subtextgreater grass distributions: merging community and physiological ecology. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 24(3), 304–313. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12265 Cite

Gwelo, A. F., Tefera, S., & Muchenje, V. (2015). Temporal and spatial dynamics of mineral levels of forage, soil and cattle blood serum in two semi-arid savannas of South Africa. African Journal of Range and Forage Science, 32(4), 279–287. https://doi.org/10.2989/10220119.2015.1013155 Cite

Hatton, I. A., McCann, K. S., Fryxell, J. M., Davies, T. J., Smerlak, M., Sinclair, A. R. E., & Loreau, M. (2015). The predator-prey power law: Biomass scaling across terrestrial and aquatic biomes. Science, 349(6252). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aac6284 Cite

He, K. S., Bradley, B. A., Cord, A. F., Rocchini, D., Tuanmu, M. N., Schmidtlein, S., Turner, W., Wegmann, M., & Pettorelli, N. (2015). Will remote sensing shape the next generation of species distribution models? Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation, 1(1), 4–18. https://doi.org/10.1002/rse2.7 Cite

Hempson, G. P., Archibald, S., Bond, W. J., Ellis, R. P., Grant, C. C., Kruger, F. J., Kruger, L. M., Moxley, C., Owen-Smith, N., Peel, M. J. S., Smit, I. P. J., & Vickers, K. J. (2015). Ecology of grazing lawns in Africa. Biological Reviews, 90(3), 979–994. https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12145 Cite

Hempson, G. P., Illius, A. W., Hendricks, H. H., Bond, W. J., & Vetter, S. (2015). Herbivore population regulation and resource heterogeneity in a stochastic environment. Ecology, 96(8), 2170–2180. https://doi.org/10.1890/14-1501.1 Cite

Hempson, G. P., Archibald, S., & Bond, W. J. (2015). A continent-wide assessment of the form and intensity of large mammal herbivory in Africa. Science, 350(6264), 1056–1061. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aac7978 Cite

Hempson, G. P., Archibald, S., & Bond, W. J. (2015). A continent-wide assessment of the form and intensity of large mammal herbivory in Africa. Science, 350(6264), 1056–1061. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aac7978 Cite

Henrici, A. (2015). Notes and records. Field Mycology, 16(1), 33–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fldmyc.2015.01.013 Cite

Henschel, J. R. (2015). Locust times – monitoring populations and outbreak controls in relation to Karoo natural capital. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 70(2), 135–143. https://doi.org/10.1080/0035919X.2015.1046974 Cite

Higgins, S. I., Keretetse, M., & February, E. C. (2015). Feedback of trees on nitrogen mineralization to restrict the advance of trees in C4 savannahs. Biology Letters, 11(8). https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2015.0572 Cite

Higgins, S. I., Keretetse, M., & February, E. C. (2015). Feedback of trees on nitrogen mineralization to restrict the advance of trees in C4 savannahs. Biology Letters, 11(8), 20150572. Cite

Holdo, R. M., & Brocato, E. R. (2015). Tree–grass competition varies across select savanna tree species: a potential role for rooting depth. Plant Ecology, 216(4), 577–588. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-015-0460-1 Cite






2014
2592029
2014
items
1
0
author
asc
1
218
https://www.saeon.ac.za/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
%7B%22status%22%3A%22success%22%2C%22updateneeded%22%3Afalse%2C%22instance%22%3A%22zotpress-d1e439ae407d8276b26320900ec41240%22%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22request_last%22%3A150%2C%22request_next%22%3A50%2C%22used_cache%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22data%22%3A%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%22G5M8J6LB%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Aarde%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAarde%2C%20R.%20V.%20%282014%29.%20%3Ci%3EA%20Meta-Analysis%20Savanna%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ci%3E72%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29%2C%20892%26%23×2013%3B899.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DG5M8J6LB%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20Meta-Analysis%20Savanna%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rudi%20Van%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Aarde%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A05%3A51Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22MERWEZDI%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ackerly%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAckerly%2C%20D.%2C%20Stock%2C%20W.%20D.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Slingsby%2C%20J.%20%282014%29.%20Geography%2C%20climate%2C%20and%20biodiversity%3A%20the%20history%20and%20future%20of%20Mediterranean-type%20ecosystems.%20In%20N.%20Allsopp%2C%20J.%20F.%20Colville%2C%20%26amp%3B%20G.%20A.%20Verboom%20%28Eds.%29%2C%20%3Ci%3EFynbos%3A%20Ecology%2C%20Evolution%20and%20Conservation%20in%20a%20Megadiverse%20Region.%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20Oxford%20University%20Press.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fro.ecu.edu.au%5C%2Fecuworkspost2013%5C%2F710%5C%2F%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fro.ecu.edu.au%5C%2Fecuworkspost2013%5C%2F710%5C%2F%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DMERWEZDI%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22bookSection%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Geography%2C%20climate%2C%20and%20biodiversity%3A%20the%20history%20and%20future%20of%20Mediterranean-type%20ecosystems%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ackerly%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%20D%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stock%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jasper%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Slingsby%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22N%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Allsopp%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J%20F%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Colville%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G%20A%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Verboom%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20world%5Cu2019s%20mediterranean-climate%20regions%20all%20have%20mild%2C%20winter-rain%5Cnclimates%20that%20have%20developed%20over%20the%20past%20several%20million%20years%2C%20but%5Cnbeyond%20these%20similarities%20they%20have%20distinct%20geological%20and%20evolutionary%5Cnhistories%20that%20have%20shaped%20the%20floras%20of%20each%20region.%20This%20chapter%5Cnconsiders%20the%20historical%20and%20regional%20influences%20that%20have%20shaped%20the%5Cnfloras%20of%20MT%20regions%2C%20focusing%20on%20South%20Africa%2C%20California%20and%20Western%5CnAustralia.%20One%20of%20the%20most%20striking%20differences%20is%20their%20positions%20on%20the%5Cnrespective%20continents%2C%20and%20their%20tectonic%20history%2C%20and%20the%20absence%20of%20a%5Cnhigh%20latitude%2C%20terrestrial%20region%20bordering%20South%20Africa%20and%20Australia.%20As%5Cna%20result%2C%20the%20Cape%20flora%20does%20not%20have%20a%20clearly%20identified%20temperate%5Cnelement%2C%20in%20striking%20contrast%20with%20California%2C%20and%20this%20may%20contribute%20to%5Cnthe%20high%20level%20of%20in-situ%20radiation%20in%20Cape%20lineages.%20While%20radiations%5Cnhave%20occurred%20in%20the%20sclerophyllous%20lineages%20in%20both%20areas%2C%20the%5Cnmoist-adapted%2C%20forest%20communities%20tend%20to%20be%20derived%20from%20cool-temperate%5Cnlineages%20in%20California%20and%20from%20warm%2C%20afrotropical%20lineages%20in%20South%5CnAfrica.%20In%20both%20cases%2C%20these%20components%20of%20the%20flora%20represent%20greater%5Cnphylogenetic%20diversity.%20The%20absence%20of%20temperate%20land%20masses%20adjacent%20to%5CnSouth%20Africa%20and%20Western%20Australia%20result%20in%20greater%20reduction%20in%20the%20area%5Cnof%20mediterranean-type%20climate%20in%20the%20face%20of%2021st%20century%20global%20warming.%5CnOther%20aspects%20of%20geology%2C%20topography%20and%20human%20land-use%20impacting%20the%5Cnprospects%20for%20biodiversity%20conservation%20are%20addressed.%22%2C%22bookTitle%22%3A%22Fynbos%3A%20Ecology%2C%20Evolution%20and%20Conservation%20in%20a%20Megadiverse%20Region.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fro.ecu.edu.au%5C%2Fecuworkspost2013%5C%2F710%5C%2F%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22UUZBHCVC%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-10-22T11%3A16%3A30Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22BESLVHXX%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Addo-Bediako%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAddo-Bediako%2C%20A.%2C%20Marr%2C%20S.%20M.%2C%20Jooste%2C%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Luus-Powell%2C%20W.%20J.%20%282014%29.%20Human%20health%20risk%20assessment%20for%20silver%20catfish%20Schilbe%20intermedius%20R%26%23xFC%3Bppell%2C%201832%2C%20From%20two%20impoundments%20in%20the%20Olifants%20River%2C%20Limpopo%2C%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EWater%20SA%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E40%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29%2C%20607%26%23×2013%3B614.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.4314%5C%2Fwsa.v40i4.5%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.4314%5C%2Fwsa.v40i4.5%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DBESLVHXX%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Human%20health%20risk%20assessment%20for%20silver%20catfish%20Schilbe%20intermedius%20R%5Cu00fcppell%2C%201832%2C%20From%20two%20impoundments%20in%20the%20Olifants%20River%2C%20Limpopo%2C%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Addo-Bediako%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Marr%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jooste%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Luus-Powell%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22As%20rural%20populations%20grow%20and%20rural%20poverty%20increases%2C%20consumption%20of%20fish%20from%20contaminated%20river%20systems%20will%20increase%20to%20supplement%20dietary%20protein%20requirements.%20The%20concentrations%20of%20metals%20in%20fish%20muscle%20tissue%20at%20two%20impoundments%20of%20the%20Olifants%20River%20%28Flag%20Boshielo%20Dam%20and%20the%20Phalaborwa%20Barrage%29%20were%20measured%2C%20and%20a%20human%20health%20risk%20assessment%20following%20Heath%20et%20al.%20%282004%29%20conducted%20to%20investigate%20whether%20consumption%20of%20Schilbe%20intermedius%20from%20these%20impoundments%20posed%20a%20risk%20to%20human%20health.%20The%20results%20confirmed%20that%20metals%20are%20accumulating%20in%20the%20muscle%20tissue%20of%20S.%20intermedius.%20No%20patterns%20were%20observed%20in%20the%20ratios%20of%20the%20metals%20bio-accumulated%20at%20each%20impoundment.%20The%20human%20health%20risk%20assessment%20identified%20that%20all%20fish%20analysed%20exceeded%20the%20recommended%20levels%20for%20safe%20consumption%20for%20lead%20and%20chromium%20and%20about%2050%25%20exceeded%20the%20recommended%20level%20for%20antimony%20at%20Flag%20Boshielo%20Dam.%20Almost%20all%20fish%20analysed%20exceeded%20the%20recommended%20level%20for%20lead%20and%20more%20than%2050%25%20exceeded%20the%20recommended%20level%20for%20arsenic%20at%20the%20Phalaborwa%20Barrage.%20We%20conclude%20that%20weekly%20consumption%20of%20S.%20intermedius%20from%20these%20impoundments%20may%20pose%20an%20unacceptable%20risk%20to%20the%20health%20of%20rural%20communities.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.4314%5C%2Fwsa.v40i4.5%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2218167950%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A47%3A42Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22F92MS5CU%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Allan%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAllan%2C%20E.%2C%20Bossdorf%2C%20O.%2C%20Dormann%2C%20C.%20F.%2C%20Prati%2C%20D.%2C%20Gossner%2C%20M.%20M.%2C%20Tscharntke%2C%20T.%2C%20Bl%26%23xFC%3Bthgen%2C%20N.%2C%20Bellach%2C%20M.%2C%20Birkhofer%2C%20K.%2C%20Boch%2C%20S.%2C%20B%26%23xF6%3Bhm%2C%20S.%2C%20B%26%23xF6%3Brschig%2C%20C.%2C%20Chatzinotas%2C%20A.%2C%20Christ%2C%20S.%2C%20Daniel%2C%20R.%2C%20Diek%26%23xF6%3Btter%2C%20T.%2C%20Fischer%2C%20C.%2C%20Friedl%2C%20T.%2C%20Glaser%2C%20K.%2C%20%26%23×2026%3B%20Fischer%2C%20M.%20%282014%29.%20Interannual%20variation%20in%20land-use%20intensity%20enhances%20grassland%20multidiversity.%20%3Ci%3EProceedings%20of%20the%20National%20Academy%20of%20Sciences%20of%20the%20United%20States%20of%20America%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E111%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%20308%26%23×2013%3B313.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1073%5C%2Fpnas.1312213111%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1073%5C%2Fpnas.1312213111%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DF92MS5CU%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Interannual%20variation%20in%20land-use%20intensity%20enhances%20grassland%20multidiversity%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eric%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Allan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Oliver%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bossdorf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Carsten%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dormann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Daniel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Prati%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martin%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gossner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Teja%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tscharntke%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nico%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bl%5Cu00fcthgen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michaela%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bellach%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Klaus%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Birkhofer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Steffen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Boch%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stefan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22B%5Cu00f6hm%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Carmen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22B%5Cu00f6rschig%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Antonis%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chatzinotas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sabina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Christ%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rolf%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Daniel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tim%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Diek%5Cu00f6tter%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christiane%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fischer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thomas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Friedl%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Karin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Glaser%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hallmann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ladislav%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hodac%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Norbert%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22H%5Cu00f6lzel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kirsten%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jung%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alexandra%20Maria%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Klein%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Valentin%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Klaus%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Till%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kleinebecker%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jochen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Krauss%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Markus%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lange%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%20Kathryn%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Morris%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J%5Cu00f6rg%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22M%5Cu00fcller%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Heiko%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nacke%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Esther%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pa%5Cu0161ali%5Cu0107%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Matthias%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rillig%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christoph%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rothenw%5Cu00f6hrer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schall%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christoph%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Scherber%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Waltraud%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schulze%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stephanie%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Socher%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Juliane%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Steckel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ingolf%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Steffan-Dewenter%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Manfred%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22T%5Cu00fcrke%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christiane%20N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Weiner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Werner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Catrin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Westphal%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Volkmar%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wolters%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tesfaye%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wubet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sonja%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gockel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gorke%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andreas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hemp%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Swen%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Renner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ingo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sch%5Cu00f6ning%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Simone%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pfeiffer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Birgitta%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22K%5Cu00f6nig-Ries%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fran%5Cu00e7ois%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Buscot%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Karl%20Eduard%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Linsenmair%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ernst%20Detlef%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schulze%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wolfgang%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Weisser%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Markus%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fischer%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Although%20temporal%20heterogeneity%20is%20a%20well-accepted%20driver%20of%20biodiversity%2C%20effects%20of%20interannual%20variation%20in%20land-use%20intensity%20%28LUI%29%20have%20not%20been%20addressed%20yet.%20Additionally%2C%20responses%20to%20land%20use%20can%20differ%20greatly%20among%20different%20organisms%3B%20therefore%2C%20overall%20effects%20of%20land-use%20on%20total%20local%20biodiversity%20are%20hardly%20known.%20To%20test%20for%20effects%20of%20LUI%20%28quantified%20as%20the%20combined%20intensity%20of%20fertilization%2C%20grazing%2C%20and%20mowing%29%20and%20interannual%20variation%20in%20LUI%20%28SD%20in%20LUI%20across%20time%29%2C%20we%20introduce%20a%20unique%20measure%20of%20whole-ecosystem%20biodiversity%2C%20multidiversity.%20This%20synthesizes%20individual%20diversity%20measures%20across%20up%20to%2049%20taxonomic%20groups%20of%20plants%2C%20animals%2C%20fungi%2C%20and%20bacteria%20from%20150%20grasslands.%20Multidiversity%20declined%20with%20increasing%20LUI%20among%20grasslands%2C%20particularly%20for%20rarer%20species%20and%20aboveground%20organisms%2C%20whereas%20common%20species%20and%20belowground%20groups%20were%20less%20sensitive.%20However%2C%20a%20high%20level%20of%20interannual%20variation%20in%20LUI%20increased%20overall%20multidiversity%20at%20low%20LUI%20and%20was%20even%20more%20beneficial%20for%20rarer%20species%20because%20it%20slowed%20the%20rate%20at%20which%20the%20multidiversity%20of%20rare%20species%20declined%20with%20increasing%20LUI.%20In%20more%20intensively%20managed%20grasslands%2C%20the%20diversity%20of%20rarer%20species%20was%2C%20on%20average%2C%2018%25%20of%20the%20maximum%20diversity%20across%20all%20grasslands%20when%20LUI%20was%20static%20over%20time%20but%20increased%20to%2031%25%20of%20the%20maximum%20when%20LUI%20changed%20maximally%20over%20time.%20In%20addition%20to%20decreasing%20overall%20LUI%2C%20we%20suggest%20varying%20LUI%20across%20years%20as%20a%20complementary%20strategy%20to%20promote%20biodiversity%20conservation.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1073%5C%2Fpnas.1312213111%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2200278424%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A53%3A13Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22MJXVGURZ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Allsopp%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAllsopp%2C%20N.%2C%20Colville%2C%20J.%20F.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Anthony%20Verboom%2C%20G.%20%282014%29.%20%3Ci%3EFynbos%3A%20Ecology%2C%20Evolution%2C%20and%20Conservation%20of%20a%20Megadiverse%20Region%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20Oxford%20University%20Press.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fplay.google.com%5C%2Fstore%5C%2Fbooks%5C%2Fdetails%3Fid%3DPlBuBAAAQBAJ%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fplay.google.com%5C%2Fstore%5C%2Fbooks%5C%2Fdetails%3Fid%3DPlBuBAAAQBAJ%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DMJXVGURZ%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Fynbos%3A%20Ecology%2C%20Evolution%2C%20and%20Conservation%20of%20a%20Megadiverse%20Region%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicky%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Allsopp%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jonathan%20F%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Colville%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Anthony%20Verboom%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22South%20Africa%27s%20fynbos%20region%20has%20intrigued%20biologists%20for%20centuries.%20It%5Cnhas%20achieved%20iconic%20status%20as%20a%20locus%20of%20megadiversity%20and%20therefore%20a%5Cnplace%20to%20study%20the%20ecological%20underpinnings%20of%20massive%20evolutionary%5Cnradiations.%20Researchers%20have%20made%20great%20advances%20over%20the%20past%20two%20decades%5Cnin%20unravelling%20the%20complexities%20of%20fynbos%20ecology%20and%20evolution%2C%20and%20the%5Cnregion%20has%20contributed%20significant%20insights%20into%20the%20adaptive%20radiations%5Cnof%20large%20lineages%2C%20conservation%20science%2C%20pollination%20biology%2C%20invasive%5Cnplant%20biology%2C%20and%20palaeoanthropology.%20Lessons%20from%20the%20fynbos%20offer%20much%5Cnof%20value%20for%20understanding%20the%20origin%2C%20maintenance%2C%20and%20conservation%20of%5Cndiversity%20anywhere%20in%20the%20world.%20This%20book%20provides%20the%20first%20synthesis%20of%5Cnthe%20field%20for%2020%20years%2C%20bringing%20together%20the%20latest%20ecological%20and%5Cnevolutionary%20research%20on%20the%20South%20African%20global%20biodiversity%20hotspots%20of%5Cnthe%20Greater%20Cape%20Floristic%20Region%20-%20the%20iconic%20fynbos%20and%20succulent%20karoo.%5CnIt%20explores%20the%20historical%20and%20modern%20physical%20and%20biological%20environment%5Cnof%20this%20region%2C%20the%20circumstances%20and%20processes%20which%20have%20fostered%20its%5Cnremarkable%20biodiversity%2C%20and%20the%20role%20this%20diversity%20has%20played%20in%20the%5Cnemergence%20of%20modern%20humans.%20It%20also%20discusses%20the%20challenges%20of%5Cncontemporary%20management%20and%20conservation%20of%20the%20region%27s%20biodiversity%20in%5Cnthe%20face%20of%20accelerating%20global%20change.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-0-19-967958-4%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fplay.google.com%5C%2Fstore%5C%2Fbooks%5C%2Fdetails%3Fid%3DPlBuBAAAQBAJ%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22UUZBHCVC%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-10-22T11%3A16%3A30Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%229GHI2YPN%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Anderson%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAnderson%2C%20B.%2C%20Allsopp%2C%20N.%2C%20Ellis%2C%20A.%20G.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20others.%20%282014%29.%20Biotic%20interactions.%20%3Ci%3EFynbos%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fscholar.google.ca%5C%2Fscholar%3Fcluster%3D4884488087449056042%26hl%3Den%26as_sdt%3D0%2C5%26sciodt%3D0%2C5%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fscholar.google.ca%5C%2Fscholar%3Fcluster%3D4884488087449056042%26hl%3Den%26as_sdt%3D0%2C5%26sciodt%3D0%2C5%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D9GHI2YPN%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Biotic%20interactions%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Anderson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22N%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Allsopp%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A%20G%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ellis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22others%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fscholar.google.ca%5C%2Fscholar%3Fcluster%3D4884488087449056042%26hl%3Den%26as_sdt%3D0%2C5%26sciodt%3D0%2C5%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22UUZBHCVC%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-10-22T11%3A16%3A30Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%222NA89MSC%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Arnold%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014-07%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EArnold%2C%20S.%20G.%2C%20Anderson%2C%20T.%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Holdo%2C%20R.%20M.%20%282014%29.%20Edaphic%2C%20Nutritive%2C%20and%20Species%20Assemblage%20Differences%20between%20Hotspots%20and%20Matrix%20Vegetation%3A%20Two%20African%20Case%20Studies.%20%3Ci%3EBiotropica%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E46%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29%2C%20387%26%23×2013%3B394.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fbtp.12116%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fbtp.12116%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D2NA89MSC%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Edaphic%2C%20Nutritive%2C%20and%20Species%20Assemblage%20Differences%20between%20Hotspots%20and%20Matrix%20Vegetation%3A%20Two%20African%20Case%20Studies%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stephen%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Arnold%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Todd%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Anderson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ricardo%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Holdo%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014-07%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fbtp.12116%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2200063606%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.wiley.com%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fbtp.12116%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A15%3A54Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22LCQ6LCWN%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Aronson%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAronson%2C%20J.%2C%20Murcia%2C%20C.%2C%20Kattan%2C%20G.%20H.%2C%20Moreno-Mateos%2C%20D.%2C%20Dixon%2C%20K.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Simberloff%2C%20D.%20%282014%29.%20The%20road%20to%20confusion%20is%20paved%20with%20novel%20ecosystem%20labels%3A%20A%20reply%20to%20Hobbs%20et%20al.%20%3Ci%3ETrends%20in%20Ecology%20and%20Evolution%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E29%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2812%29%2C%20646%26%23×2013%3B647.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.tree.2014.09.011%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.tree.2014.09.011%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DLCQ6LCWN%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20road%20to%20confusion%20is%20paved%20with%20novel%20ecosystem%20labels%3A%20A%20reply%20to%20Hobbs%20et%20al.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22James%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Aronson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Carolina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Murcia%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gustavo%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kattan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moreno-Mateos%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kingsley%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dixon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Daniel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Simberloff%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.tree.2014.09.011%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2201695347%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.tree.2014.09.011%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A10%3A47Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22JQS4TV8D%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Barbosa%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBarbosa%2C%20E.%20R.%20M.%2C%20van%20Langevelde%2C%20F.%2C%20Tomlinson%2C%20K.%20W.%2C%20Carvalheiro%2C%20L.%20G.%2C%20Kirkman%2C%20K.%2C%20de%20Bie%2C%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Prins%2C%20H.%20H.%20T.%20%282014%29.%20Tree%20species%20from%20different%20functional%20groups%20respond%20differently%20to%20environmental%20changes%20during%20establishment.%20%3Ci%3EOecologia%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E174%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29%2C%201345%26%23×2013%3B1357.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00442-013-2853-y%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00442-013-2853-y%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DJQS4TV8D%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Tree%20species%20from%20different%20functional%20groups%20respond%20differently%20to%20environmental%20changes%20during%20establishment%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eduardo%20R.M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Barbosa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Frank%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22van%20Langevelde%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kyle%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tomlinson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lu%5Cu00edsa%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Carvalheiro%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kevin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kirkman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Steven%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22de%20Bie%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Herbert%20H.T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Prins%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Savanna%20plant%20communities%20change%20considerably%20across%20time%20and%20space.%20The%20processes%20driving%20savanna%20plant%20species%20diversity%2C%20coexistence%20and%20turnover%20along%20environmental%20gradients%20are%20still%20unclear.%20Understanding%20how%20species%20respond%20differently%20to%20varying%20environmental%20conditions%20during%20the%20seedling%20stage%2C%20a%20critical%20stage%20for%20plant%20population%20dynamics%2C%20is%20needed%20to%20explain%20the%20current%20composition%20of%20plant%20communities%20and%20to%20enable%20us%20to%20predict%20their%20responses%20to%20future%20environmental%20changes.%20Here%20we%20investigate%20whether%20seedling%20response%20to%20changes%20in%20resource%20availability%2C%20and%20to%20competition%20with%20grass%2C%20varied%20between%20two%20functional%20groups%20of%20African%20savanna%20trees%3A%20species%20with%20small%20leaves%2C%20spines%20and%20N-fixing%20associations%20%28fine-leaved%20species%29%2C%20and%20species%20with%20broad%20leaves%2C%20no%20spines%2C%20and%20lacking%20N-fixing%20associations%20%28broad-leaved%20species%29.%20We%20show%20that%20while%20tree%20species%20were%20strongly%20suppressed%20by%20grass%2C%20the%20effect%20of%20resource%20availability%20on%20seedling%20performance%20varied%20considerably%20between%20the%20two%20functional%20groups.%20Nutrient%20inputs%20increased%20stem%20length%20only%20of%20broad-leaved%20species%20and%20only%20under%20an%20even%20watering%20treatment.%20Low%20light%20conditions%20benefited%20mostly%20broad-leaved%20species%27%20growth.%20Savannas%20are%20susceptible%20to%20ongoing%20global%20environment%20changes.%20Our%20results%20suggest%20that%20an%20increase%20in%20woody%20cover%20is%20only%20likely%20to%20occur%20in%20savannas%20if%20grass%20cover%20is%20strongly%20suppressed%20%28e.g.%20by%20fire%20or%20overgrazing%29.%20However%2C%20if%20woody%20cover%20does%20increase%2C%20broad-leaved%20species%20will%20benefit%20most%20from%20the%20resulting%20shaded%20environments%2C%20potentially%20leading%20to%20an%20expansion%20of%20the%20distribution%20of%20these%20species.%20Eutrophication%20and%20changes%20in%20rainfall%20patterns%20may%20also%20affect%20the%20balance%20between%20fine-%20and%20broad-leaved%20species.%20%5Cu00a9%202013%20Springer-Verlag%20Berlin%20Heidelberg.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs00442-013-2853-y%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2200298549%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A43%3A01Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22CSCBYURW%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Barbosa%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBarbosa%2C%20E.%20R.%20M.%2C%20Tomlinson%2C%20K.%20W.%2C%20Carvalheiro%2C%20L.%20G.%2C%20Kirkman%2C%20K.%2C%20De%20Bie%2C%20S.%2C%20Prins%2C%20H.%20H.%20T.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Van%20Langevelde%2C%20F.%20%282014%29.%20Short-term%20effect%20of%20nutrient%20availability%20and%20rainfall%20distribution%20on%20biomass%20production%20and%20leaf%20nutrient%20content%20of%20savanna%20tree%20species.%20%3Ci%3EPLoS%20ONE%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E9%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0092619%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0092619%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DCSCBYURW%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Short-term%20effect%20of%20nutrient%20availability%20and%20rainfall%20distribution%20on%20biomass%20production%20and%20leaf%20nutrient%20content%20of%20savanna%20tree%20species%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eduardo%20R.M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Barbosa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kyle%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tomlinson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lu%5Cu00edsa%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Carvalheiro%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kevin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kirkman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Steven%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22De%20Bie%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Herbert%20H.T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Prins%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Frank%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Van%20Langevelde%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Changes%20in%20land%20use%20may%20lead%20to%20increased%20soil%20nutrient%20levels%20in%20many%20ecosystems%20%28e.g.%20due%20to%20intensification%20of%20agricultural%20fertilizer%20use%29.%20Plant%20species%20differ%20widely%20in%20their%20response%20to%20differences%20in%20soil%20nutrients%2C%20and%20for%20savannas%20it%20is%20uncertain%20how%20this%20nutrient%20enrichment%20will%20affect%20plant%20community%20dynamics.%20We%20set%20up%20a%20large%20controlled%20short-term%20experiment%20in%20a%20semi-arid%20savanna%20to%20test%20how%20water%20supply%20%28even%20water%20supply%20vs.%20natural%20rainfall%29%20and%20nutrient%20availability%20%28no%20fertilisation%20vs.%20fertilisation%29%20affects%20seedlings%27%20above-ground%20biomass%20production%20and%20leaf-nutrient%20concentrations%20%28N%2C%20P%20and%20K%29%20of%20broad-leafed%20and%20fine-leafed%20tree%20species.%20Contrary%20to%20expectations%2C%20neither%20changes%20in%20water%20supply%20nor%20changes%20in%20soil%20nutrient%20level%20affected%20biomass%20production%20of%20the%20studied%20species.%20By%20contrast%2C%20leaf-nutrient%20concentration%20did%20change%20significantly.%20Under%20regular%20water%20supply%2C%20soil%20nutrient%20addition%20increased%20the%20leaf%20phosphorus%20concentration%20of%20both%20fine-leafed%20and%20broad-leafed%20species.%20However%2C%20under%20uneven%20water%20supply%2C%20leaf%20nitrogen%20and%20phosphorus%20concentration%20declined%20with%20soil%20nutrient%20supply%2C%20this%20effect%20being%20more%20accentuated%20in%20broad-leafed%20species.%20Leaf%20potassium%20concentration%20of%20broad-leafed%20species%20was%20lower%20when%20growing%20under%20constant%20water%20supply%2C%20especially%20when%20no%20NPK%20fertilizer%20was%20applied.%20We%20found%20that%20changes%20in%20environmental%20factors%20can%20affect%20leaf%20quality%2C%20indicating%20a%20potential%20interactive%20effect%20between%20land-use%20changes%20and%20environmental%20changes%20on%20savanna%20vegetation%3A%20under%20more%20uneven%20rainfall%20patterns%20within%20the%20growing%20season%2C%20leaf%20quality%20of%20tree%20seedlings%20for%20a%20number%20of%20species%20can%20change%20as%20a%20response%20to%20changes%20in%20nutrient%20levels%2C%20even%20if%20overall%20plant%20biomass%20does%20not%20change.%20Such%20changes%20might%20affect%20herbivore%20pressure%20on%20trees%20and%20thus%20savanna%20plant%20community%20dynamics.%20Although%20longer%20term%20experiments%20would%20be%20essential%20to%20test%20such%20potential%20effects%20of%20eutrophication%20via%20changes%20in%20leaf%20nutrient%20concentration%2C%20our%20findings%20provide%20important%20insights%20that%20can%20help%20guide%20management%20plans%20that%20aim%20to%20preserve%20savanna%20biodiversity.%20%5Cu00a9%202014%20Barbosa%20et%20al.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0092619%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2219326203%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A02%3A58Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2238SEC5ZG%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Barbosa%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBarbosa%2C%20E.%20R.%20M.%2C%20Tomlinson%2C%20K.%20W.%2C%20Carvalheiro%2C%20L.%20G.%2C%20Kirkman%2C%20K.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20de%20Bie%2C%20S.%20%282014%29.%20Short-term%20effect%20of%20nutrient%20availability%20and%20rainfall%20distribution%20on%20biomass%20production%20and%20leaf%20nutrient%20content%20of%20savanna%20tree%20species.%20%3Ci%3EPloS%20One%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E9%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%209.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D38SEC5ZG%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Short-term%20effect%20of%20nutrient%20availability%20and%20rainfall%20distribution%20on%20biomass%20production%20and%20leaf%20nutrient%20content%20of%20savanna%20tree%20species%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E%20R%20M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Barbosa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K%20W%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tomlinson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L%20G%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Carvalheiro%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kirkman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22de%20Bie%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221932-6203%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A24%3A11Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22FEUVAPD5%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bates%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBates%2C%20A.%20E.%2C%20Barrett%2C%20N.%20S.%2C%20Stuart-Smith%2C%20R.%20D.%2C%20Holbrook%2C%20N.%20J.%2C%20Thompson%2C%20P.%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Edgar%2C%20G.%20J.%20%282014%29.%20Resilience%20and%20signatures%20of%20tropicalization%20in%20protected%20reef%20fish%20communities.%20%3Ci%3ENature%20Climate%20Change%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E4%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%2062%26%23×2013%3B67.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fnclimate2062%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fnclimate2062%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DFEUVAPD5%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Resilience%20and%20signatures%20of%20tropicalization%20in%20protected%20reef%20fish%20communities%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Amanda%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bates%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Neville%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Barrett%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rick%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stuart-Smith%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Neil%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Holbrook%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thompson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Graham%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Edgar%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Habitat%20reserves%20can%20promote%20ecological%20resilience%20to%20climate%20variability%20by%20supporting%20intact%20trophic%20webs%20and%20large-bodied%20individuals.%20Protection%20may%20also%20alter%20community%20responses%20to%20long-term%20climate%20change%20by%20offering%20habitat%20for%20range-shifting%20species.%20Here%20we%20analyse%20the%20species%20richness%2C%20diversity%20and%20functional%20traits%20of%20temperate%20reef%20fish%20communities%20over%2020%20years%20in%20a%20global%20warming%20hotspot%20and%20compare%20patterns%20in%20a%20marine%20reserve%20with%20nearby%20sites%20open%20to%20fishing.%20Species%20richness%20and%20diversity%20oscillated%20strongly%20on%20the%20decadal%20scale.%20Long-term%20warming%20signatures%20were%20also%20present%20as%20increasing%20functional%20trait%20richness%20and%20functional%20diversity%2C%20driven%20in%20part%20by%20a%20general%20increase%20in%20herbivores.%20Nevertheless%2C%20reserve%20sites%20were%20distinguished%20from%20fished%20sites%20by%20displaying%3A%20greater%20stability%20in%20some%20aspects%20of%20biodiversity%3B%20recovery%20of%20large-bodied%20temperate%20species%3B%20resistance%20to%20colonization%20by%20subtropical%20vagrants%3B%20and%20less%20pronounced%20increases%20in%20the%20community-averaged%20temperature%20affinity.%20We%20empirically%20demonstrate%20that%20protection%20from%20fishing%20has%20buffered%20fluctuations%20in%20biodiversity%20and%20provided%20resistance%20to%20the%20initial%20stages%20of%20tropicalization.%20%5Cu00a9%202014%20Macmillan%20Publishers%20Limited.%20All%20rights%20reserved.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1038%5C%2Fnclimate2062%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221758678X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fnclimate2062%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A56%3A36Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22RT89296P%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bernard%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014-09-22%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBernard%2C%20A.%20T.%20F.%2C%20G%26%23xF6%3Btz%2C%20A.%2C%20Parker%2C%20D.%2C%20Heyns%2C%20E.%20R.%2C%20Halse%2C%20S.%20J.%2C%20Riddin%2C%20N.%20A.%2C%20Smith%2C%20M.%20K.%20S.%2C%20Paterson%2C%20A.%20W.%2C%20Winker%2C%20H.%2C%20Fullwood%2C%20L.%2C%20Langlois%2C%20T.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Harvey%2C%20E.%20S.%20%282014%29.%20New%20possibilities%20for%20research%20on%20reef%20fish%20across%20the%20continental%20shelf%20of%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3ESouth%20African%20Journal%20of%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E110%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%289%5C%2F10%29%2C%205%26%23×2013%3B5.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1590%5C%2Fsajs.2014%5C%2Fa0079%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1590%5C%2Fsajs.2014%5C%2Fa0079%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DRT89296P%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22New%20possibilities%20for%20research%20on%20reef%20fish%20across%20the%20continental%20shelf%20of%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anthony%20T.%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bernard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Albrecht%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22G%5Cu00f6tz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Denham%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Parker%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elodie%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Heyns%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sarah%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Halse%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicholas%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Riddin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martin%20K.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Smith%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Angus%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Paterson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Henning%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Winker%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Laura%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fullwood%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Timothy%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Langlois%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Euan%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Harvey%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014-09-22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1590%5C%2Fsajs.2014%5C%2Fa0079%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221996-7489%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fsajs.co.za%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fview%5C%2F3961%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2285DCE2P4%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-26T09%3A13%3A01Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22JZ7N7AR2%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Blaser%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBlaser%2C%20W.%20J.%2C%20Shanungu%2C%20G.%20K.%2C%20Edwards%2C%20P.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Olde%20Venterink%2C%20H.%20%282014%29.%20Woody%20encroachment%20reduces%20nutrient%20limitation%20and%20promotes%20soil%20carbon%20sequestration.%20%3Ci%3EEcology%20and%20Evolution%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E4%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%288%29%2C%201423%26%23×2013%3B1438.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fece3.1024%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fece3.1024%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DJZ7N7AR2%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Woody%20encroachment%20reduces%20nutrient%20limitation%20and%20promotes%20soil%20carbon%20sequestration%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wilma%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Blaser%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Griffin%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shanungu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Edwards%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Harry%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Olde%20Venterink%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22During%20the%20past%20century%2C%20the%20biomass%20of%20woody%20species%20has%20increased%20in%20many%20grassland%20and%20savanna%20ecosystems.%20As%20many%20of%20these%20species%20fix%20nitrogen%20symbiotically%2C%20they%20may%20alter%20not%20only%20soil%20nitrogen%20%28N%29%20conditions%20but%20also%20those%20of%20phosphorus%20%28P%29.%20We%20studied%20the%20N-fixing%20shrub%20Dichrostachys%20cinerea%20in%20a%20mesic%20savanna%20in%20Zambia%2C%20quantifying%20its%20effects%20upon%20pools%20of%20soil%20N%2C%20P%2C%20and%20carbon%20%28C%29%2C%20and%20availabilities%20of%20N%20and%20P.%20We%20also%20evaluated%20whether%20these%20effects%20induced%20feedbacks%20upon%20the%20growth%20of%20understory%20vegetation%20and%20encroaching%20shrubs.%20Dichrostachys%20cinerea%20shrubs%20increased%20total%20N%20and%20P%20pools%2C%20as%20well%20as%20resin-adsorbed%20N%20and%20soil%20extractable%20P%20in%20the%20top%2010-cm%20soil.%20Shrubs%20and%20understory%20grasses%20differed%20in%20their%20foliar%20N%20and%20P%20concentrations%20along%20gradients%20of%20increasing%20encroachment%2C%20suggesting%20that%20they%20obtained%20these%20nutrients%20in%20different%20ways.%20Thus%2C%20grasses%20probably%20obtained%20them%20mainly%20from%20the%20surface%20upper%20soil%20layers%2C%20whereas%20the%20shrubs%20may%20acquire%20N%20through%20symbiotic%20fixation%20and%20probably%20obtain%20some%20of%20their%20P%20from%20deeper%20soil%20layers.%20The%20storage%20of%20soil%20C%20increased%20significantly%20under%20D.%20cinerea%20and%20was%20apparently%20not%20limited%20by%20shortages%20of%20either%20N%20or%20P.%20We%20conclude%20that%20the%20shrub%20D.%20cinerea%20does%20not%20create%20a%20negative%20feedback%20loop%20by%20inducing%20P-limiting%20conditions%2C%20probably%20because%20it%20can%20obtain%20P%20from%20deeper%20soil%20layers.%20Furthermore%2C%20C%20sequestration%20is%20not%20limited%20by%20a%20shortage%20of%20N%2C%20so%20that%20mesic%20savanna%20encroached%20by%20this%20species%20could%20represent%20a%20C%20sink%20for%20several%20decades.%20%5Cu00a9%202014%20The%20Authors.%20Ecology%20and%20Evolution%20published%20by%20John%20Wiley%20%26%20Sons%20Ltd.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2Fece3.1024%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2220457758%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A46%3A13Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22VTNV4IDX%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bouchenak-Khelladi%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014-02%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBouchenak-Khelladi%2C%20Y.%2C%20Slingsby%2C%20J.%20A.%2C%20Verboom%2C%20G.%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Bond%2C%20W.%20J.%20%282014%29.%20Diversification%20of%20C%284%29%20grasses%20%28Poaceae%29%20does%20not%20coincide%20with%20their%20ecological%20dominance.%20%3Ci%3EAm.%20J.%20Bot.%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E101%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20300%26%23×2013%3B307.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3732%5C%2Fajb.1300439%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3732%5C%2Fajb.1300439%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DVTNV4IDX%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Diversification%20of%20C%284%29%20grasses%20%28Poaceae%29%20does%20not%20coincide%20with%20their%20ecological%20dominance%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yanis%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bouchenak-Khelladi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jasper%20A%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Slingsby%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G%20Anthony%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Verboom%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bond%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22PREMISE%20OF%20THE%20STUDY%3A%20The%20radiation%20of%20a%20lineage%20and%20its%20rise%20to%5Cnecological%20dominance%20are%20distinct%20phenomena%20and%20driven%20by%20different%5Cnprocesses.%20For%20example%2C%20paleoecological%20data%20has%20been%20used%20to%20show%20that%5Cnthe%20Cretaceous%20angiosperm%20radiation%20did%20not%20coincide%20with%20their%20rise%20to%5Cndominance.%20Using%20a%20phylogenetic%20approach%2C%20we%20here%20explored%20the%20evolution%5Cnof%20C4%20grasses%20and%20evaluated%20whether%20the%20diversification%20of%20this%20group%20and%5Cnits%20rise%20to%20ecological%20dominance%20in%20the%20late%20Miocene%20were%20decoupled.%5CnMETHODS%3A%20We%20assembled%20a%20matrix%20including%20675%20grass%20species%20of%20the%20PACMAD%5Cnclade%20and%202784%20characters%20%28ITS%20and%20ndhF%29%20to%20run%20a%20molecular%20dating%5Cnanalysis%20using%20three%20fossils%20as%20reference%20calibrations.%20We%20coded%20species%5Cnas%20C3%20vs.%20C4%20and%20reconstructed%20ancestral%20states%20under%20maximum%20likelihood.%5CnWe%20used%20the%20program%20BiSSE%20to%20test%20whether%20rates%20of%20diversification%20are%5Cncorrelated%20with%20photosynthetic%20pathway%20and%20whether%20the%20radiation%20of%20C4%5Cnlineages%20preceded%20or%20coincided%20with%20their%20rise%20to%20ecological%20dominance%5Cnfrom%20%5Cu223c10%20Ma.%20KEY%20RESULTS%3A%20C4%20grass%20lineages%20first%20originated%20around%2035%20Ma%5Cnat%20the%20time%20of%20the%20Eocene-Oligocene%20transition.%20Accelerated%5Cndiversification%20of%20C4%20lineages%20did%20not%20coincide%20with%20their%20rise%20to%5Cnecological%20dominance.%20CONCLUSIONS%3A%20C4-dominated%20grasslands%20have%20expanded%5Cnonly%20since%20the%20Late%20Miocene%20and%20Pliocene.%20The%20initial%20diversification%20of%5Cntheir%20biotic%20elements%20can%20be%20tracked%20back%20as%20far%20as%20the%20Eocene-Oligocene%5Cntransition.%20We%20suggest%20that%20shifts%20in%20taxonomic%20diversification%20and%5Cnecological%20dominance%20were%20stimulated%20by%20different%20factors%2C%20as%20in%20the%20case%5Cnof%20the%20early%20angiosperms%20in%20the%20Cretaceous.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22February%202014%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.3732%5C%2Fajb.1300439%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220002-9122%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi.org%5C%2F10.3732%5C%2Fajb.1300439%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22UUZBHCVC%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-10-22T11%3A16%3A30Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22XEWLXZQC%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Buitenwerf%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBuitenwerf%2C%20R.%2C%20Kulmatiski%2C%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Higgins%2C%20S.%20I.%20%282014%29.%20Soil%20water%20retention%20curves%20for%20the%20major%20soil%20types%20of%20the%20kruger%20national%20park.%20%3Ci%3EKoedoe%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E56%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%201%26%23×2013%3B9.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.4102%5C%2Fkoedoe.v56i1.1228%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.4102%5C%2Fkoedoe.v56i1.1228%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DXEWLXZQC%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Soil%20water%20retention%20curves%20for%20the%20major%20soil%20types%20of%20the%20kruger%20national%20park%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Robert%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Buitenwerf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kulmatiski%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Steven%20I.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Higgins%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Soil%20water%20potential%20is%20crucial%20to%20plant%20transpiration%20and%20thus%20to%20carbon%20cycling%20and%20biosphere-atmosphere%20interactions%2C%20yet%20it%20is%20difficult%20to%20measure%20in%20the%20field.%20Volumetric%20and%20gravimetric%20water%20contents%20are%20easy%20and%20cheap%20to%20measure%20in%20the%20field%2C%20but%20can%20be%20a%20poor%20proxy%20of%20plant-available%20water.%20Soil%20water%20content%20can%20be%20transformed%20to%20water%20potential%20using%20soil%20moisture%20retention%20curves.%20We%20provide%20empirically%20derived%20soil%20moisture%20retention%20curves%20for%20seven%20soil%20types%20in%20the%20Kruger%20National%20Park%2C%20South%20Africa.%20Site-specific%20curves%20produced%20excellent%20estimates%20of%20soil%20water%20potential%20from%20soil%20water%20content%20values.%20Curves%20from%20soils%20derived%20from%20the%20same%20geological%20substrate%20were%20similar%2C%20potentially%20allowing%20for%20the%20use%20of%20one%20curve%20for%20basalt%20soils%20and%20another%20for%20granite%20soils.%20It%20is%20anticipated%20that%20this%20dataset%20will%20help%20hydrologists%20and%20ecophysiologists%20understand%20water%20dynamics%2C%20carbon%20cycling%20and%20biosphere-atmosphere%20interactions%20under%20current%20and%20changing%20climatic%20conditions%20in%20the%20region.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.4102%5C%2Fkoedoe.v56i1.1228%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2220710771%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A47%3A23Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22T9926T53%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Button%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EButton%2C%20J.%20W.%20%282014%29.%20Appendix%201.%20%3Ci%3EBlacks%20and%20Social%20Change%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E56%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%20243%26%23×2013%3B254.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1515%5C%2F9781400860555.243%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1515%5C%2F9781400860555.243%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DT9926T53%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Appendix%201%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22James%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Button%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1515%5C%2F9781400860555.243%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A44%3A48Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2252KIUBCM%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22CAC%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECAC.%20%282014%29.%20%3Ci%3EEconomic%20Contribution%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ci%3ENovember%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20240.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.cement.ca%5C%2Fen%5C%2FEconomic-Contribution.html%27%3Ehttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.cement.ca%5C%2Fen%5C%2FEconomic-Contribution.html%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D52KIUBCM%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Economic%20Contribution%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22CAC%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.cement.ca%5C%2Fen%5C%2FEconomic-Contribution.html%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A56%3A08Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22IKI4QP8U%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Carbutt%20and%20Martindale%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECarbutt%2C%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Martindale%2C%20G.%20%282014%29.%20Temperate%20indigenous%20grassland%20gains%20in%20South%20Africa%3A%20Lessons%20being%20learned%20in%20a%20developing%20country.%20%3Ci%3EParks%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E20%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%20105%26%23×2013%3B125.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2305%5C%2FIUCN.CH.2014.PARKS-20-1.CC.en%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2305%5C%2FIUCN.CH.2014.PARKS-20-1.CC.en%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DIKI4QP8U%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Temperate%20indigenous%20grassland%20gains%20in%20South%20Africa%3A%20Lessons%20being%20learned%20in%20a%20developing%20country%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Clinton%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Carbutt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Greg%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Martindale%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20fragile%20state%20of%20temperate%20indigenous%20grasslands%20globally%20has%20galvanised%20action%20in%20the%20form%20of%20the%20Temperate%20Grasslands%20Conservation%20Initiative%20of%20the%20International%20Union%20for%20Conservation%20of%20Nature%27s%20World%20Commission%20on%20Protected%20Areas.%20However%2C%20despite%20this%20initiative%20raising%20the%20profile%20of%20temperate%20grassland%20conservation%20on%20the%20global%20conservation%20agenda%2C%20one%20still%20requires%20country-based%20interventions%20at%20the%20hands%20of%20local%20conservation%20authorities%2C%20in%20collaboration%20with%20non-governmental%20organisations%20%28NGOs%29%2C%20to%20improve%20protection%20levels%20on%20the%20ground.%20To%20this%20end%20we%20report%20on%20progress%20made%20with%20temperate%20indigenous%20grassland%20conservation%20in%20South%20Africa%20since%202006%2C%20a%20landmark%20heralding%20the%20birth%20of%20biodiversity%20stewardship%20in%20our%20temperate%20grassland%20biome.%20Since%20then%20an%20additional%20124%2C983%20ha%20of%20temperate%20grassland%20have%20been%20brought%20under%20formal%20protection%20with%20a%20further%2096%2C641%20ha%20in%20the%20declaration%20process%2C%20most%20of%20which%20should%20be%20secured%20by%20the%20end%20of%202014.%20We%20also%20discuss%20the%20driving%20forces%20underpinning%20these%20gains-namely%20the%20National%20Protected%20Area%20Expansion%20Strategy%2C%20the%20Grasslands%20Programme%20of%20the%20South%20African%20National%20Biodiversity%20Institute%2C%20provincial%20biodiversity%20stewardship%20units%20and%20funding%20channelled%20through%20the%20Critical%20Ecosystems%20Partnership%20Fund%20into%20civil%20society%20to%20augment%20the%20state%27s%20contribution.%20Given%20the%20clear%20benefits%20derived%20from%20each%20intervention%2C%20we%20encourage%20other%20relevant%20countries%20with%20temperate%20indigenous%20grasslands%20to%20develop%20similar%20structures%20in%20the%20quest%20to%20safeguard%20representative%2C%20viable%20samples%20of%20one%20of%20the%20world%27s%20great%20terrestrial%20biomes.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.2305%5C%2FIUCN.CH.2014.PARKS-20-1.CC.en%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2224112119%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A52%3A52Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%222336SJ85%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Coetzee%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECoetzee%2C%20B.%20W.%20T.%2C%20Gaston%2C%20K.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Chown%2C%20S.%20L.%20%282014%29.%20Local%20scale%20comparisons%20of%20biodiversity%20as%20a%20test%20for%20global%20protected%20area%20ecological%20performance%3A%20A%20meta-analysis.%20%3Ci%3EPLoS%20ONE%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E9%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%288%29.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0105824%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0105824%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D2336SJ85%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Local%20scale%20comparisons%20of%20biodiversity%20as%20a%20test%20for%20global%20protected%20area%20ecological%20performance%3A%20A%20meta-analysis%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bernard%20W.T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Coetzee%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kevin%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gaston%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Steven%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chown%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Terrestrial%20protected%20areas%20%28PAs%29%20are%20cornerstones%20of%20global%20biodiversity%20conservation.%20Their%20efficacy%20in%20terms%20of%20maintaining%20biodiversity%20is%2C%20however%2C%20much%20debated.%20Studies%20to%20date%20have%20been%20unable%20to%20provide%20a%20general%20answer%20as%20to%20PA%20conservation%20efficacy%20because%20of%20their%20typically%20restricted%20geographic%20and%5C%2For%20taxonomic%20focus%2C%20or%20qualitative%20approaches%20focusing%20on%20proxies%20for%20biodiversity%2C%20such%20as%20deforestation.%20Given%20the%20rarity%20of%20historical%20data%20to%20enable%20comparisons%20of%20biodiversity%20before%5C%2Fafter%20PA%20establishment%2C%20many%20smaller%20scale%20studies%20over%20the%20past%2030%20years%20have%20directly%20compared%20biodiversity%20inside%20PAs%20to%20that%20of%20surrounding%20areas%2C%20which%20provides%20one%20measure%20of%20PA%20ecological%20performance.%20Here%20we%20use%20a%20meta-analysis%20of%20such%20studies%20%28N%20%3D%2086%29%20to%20test%20if%20PAs%20contain%20higher%20biodiversity%20values%20than%20surrounding%20areas%2C%20and%20so%20assess%20their%20contribution%20to%20determining%20PA%20efficacy.%20We%20find%20that%20PAs%20generally%20have%20higher%20abundances%20of%20individual%20species%2C%20higher%20assemblage%20abundances%2C%20and%20higher%20species%20richness%20values%20compared%20with%20alternative%20land%20uses.%20Local%20scale%20studies%20in%20combination%20thus%20show%20that%20PAs%20retain%20more%20biodiversity%20than%20alternative%20land%20use%20areas.%20Nonetheless%2C%20much%20variation%20is%20present%20in%20the%20effect%20sizes%2C%20which%20underscores%20the%20context-specificity%20of%20PA%20efficacy.%20%5Cu00a9%202014%20Coetzee%20et%20al.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0105824%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2219326203%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A52%3A50Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2255W9EVVK%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Coetzer%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECoetzer%2C%20K.%20L.%2C%20Witkowski%2C%20E.%20T.%20F.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Erasmus%2C%20B.%20F.%20N.%20%282014%29.%20Reviewing%20Biosphere%20Reserves%20globally%3A%20Effective%20conservation%20action%20or%20bureaucratic%20label%3F%20%3Ci%3EBiological%20Reviews%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E89%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%2082%26%23×2013%3B104.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fbrv.12044%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fbrv.12044%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D55W9EVVK%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Reviewing%20Biosphere%20Reserves%20globally%3A%20Effective%20conservation%20action%20or%20bureaucratic%20label%3F%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kaera%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Coetzer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Edward%20T.F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Witkowski%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Barend%20F.N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Erasmus%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20Biosphere%20Reserve%20%28BR%29%20model%20of%20UNESCO%27s%20Man%20and%20the%20Biosphere%20Programme%20reflects%20a%20shift%20towards%20more%20accountable%20conservation.%20Biosphere%20Reserves%20attempt%20to%20reconcile%20environmental%20protection%20with%20sustainable%20development%3B%20they%20explicitly%20acknowledge%20humans%2C%20and%20human%20interests%20in%20the%20conservation%20landscape%20while%20still%20maintaining%20the%20ecological%20values%20of%20existing%20protected%20areas.%20Conceptually%2C%20this%20model%20is%20attractive%2C%20with%20610%20sites%20currently%20designated%20globally.%20Yet%20the%20practical%20reality%20of%20implementing%20dual%20%27conservation%27%20and%20%27development%27%20goals%20is%20challenging%2C%20with%20few%20examples%20successfully%20conforming%20to%20the%20model%27s%20full%20criteria.%20Here%2C%20we%20review%20the%20history%20of%20Biosphere%20Reserves%20from%20first%20inception%20in%201974%20to%20the%20current%20status%20quo%2C%20and%20examine%20the%20suitability%20of%20the%20designation%20as%20an%20effective%20conservation%20model.%20We%20track%20the%20spatial%20expansion%20of%20Biosphere%20Reserves%20globally%2C%20assessing%20the%20influence%20of%20the%20Statutory%20Framework%20of%20the%20World%20Network%20of%20Biosphere%20Reserves%20and%20Seville%20strategy%20in%201995%2C%20when%20the%20BR%20concept%20refocused%20its%20core%20objectives%20on%20sustainable%20development.%20We%20use%20a%20comprehensive%20range%20of%20case%20studies%20to%20discuss%20conformity%20to%20the%20Programme%2C%20the%20social%20and%20ecological%20consequences%20associated%20with%20implementation%20of%20the%20designation%2C%20and%20challenges%20in%20aligning%20conservation%20and%20development.%20Given%20that%20the%20%27Biosphere%20Reserve%27%20label%20is%20a%20relatively%20unknown%20designation%20in%20the%20public%20arena%2C%20this%20review%20also%20provides%20details%20on%20popularising%20the%20Biosphere%20Reserve%20brand%2C%20as%20well%20as%20prospects%20for%20further%20research%2C%20currently%20unexploited%2C%20but%20implicit%20in%20the%20designation.%20%5Cu00a9%202013%20Cambridge%20Philosophical%20Society.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fbrv.12044%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2214647931%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A58%3A15Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22XZ7E2FJZ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Colgan%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EColgan%2C%20M.%20S.%2C%20Swemmer%2C%20T.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Asner%2C%20G.%20P.%20%282014%29.%20Structural%20relationships%20between%20form%20factor%2C%20wood%20density%2C%20and%20biomass%20in%20African%20savanna%20woodlands.%20%3Ci%3ETrees%20-%20Structure%20and%20Function%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E28%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00468-013-0932-7%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00468-013-0932-7%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DXZ7E2FJZ%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Structural%20relationships%20between%20form%20factor%2C%20wood%20density%2C%20and%20biomass%20in%20African%20savanna%20woodlands%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Colgan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Swemmer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Asner%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Key%20message%3A%20Variation%20in%20tree%20biomass%20among%20African%20savanna%20species%20of%20equal%20size%20is%20driven%20by%20a%20wide%20inter-specific%20variation%20in%20wood%20specific%20gravity.%20Tree%20form%20and%20taper%20is%20a%20fundamental%20component%20of%20tree%20structure%20and%20has%20been%20used%20for%20over%20a%20century%20in%20forestry%20to%20estimate%20timber%20yields%20and%20in%20ecological%20theories%20of%20scaling%20laws.%20Here%2C%20we%20investigate%20variation%20in%20form%20factor%20in%20the%20context%20of%20biomass%20in%20African%20savannas.%20Biomass%20is%20a%20fundamental%20metric%20of%20vegetation%20state%2C%20yet%20in%20African%20savannas%20it%20remains%20unclear%20whether%20variation%20in%20form%20factor%20F%20%28taper%29%20or%20wood%20specific%20gravity%20%28G%29%20is%20a%20more%20dominant%20driver%20of%20biomass%20differences%20between%20tree%20species%20of%20equal%20stem%20diameter%20and%20height.%20Improving%20our%20knowledge%20of%20vertical%20mass%20distribution%20in%20savanna%20trees%20provides%20insight%20into%20differences%20in%20life%20strategies%2C%20such%20as%20tradeoffs%20between%20production%2C%20disturbance%20avoidance%2C%20and%20water%20storage.%20Here%2C%20we%20destructively%20harvested%20782%20stems%20in%20a%20savanna%20woodland%20near%20Kruger%20National%20Park%2C%20South%20Africa%2C%20and%20measured%20whole%20tree%20wet%20mass%2C%20wood%20specific%20gravity%2C%20water%20content%2C%20and%20form%20factor.%20We%20found%20that%20three%20of%20four%20dominant%20species%20can%20vary%20in%20mass%20by%20over%20twofold%2C%20yet%20inter-specific%20variation%20in%20taper%20was%20low%20and%20taper%20did%20not%20vary%20significantly%20between%20common%20species%20%28P%20%5C%5Ctextgreater%200.05%29%20%28species-mean%20form%20factors%20ranged%20from%20F%20%3D%200.57%20to%200.77%2C%20where%20cone%20F%20%3D0.3%5Cu0304%2C%20quadratic%20paraboloid%20F%20%3D%200.5%2C%20cylinder%20F%20%3D%201.0%29.%20Comparison%20of%20a%20general%20biomass%20allometry%20model%20to%20species-specific%20models%20supported%20the%20conclusion%20that%20the%20large%20difference%20in%20biomass%20between%20species%20of%20the%20same%20size%20was%20explained%20almost%20entirely%20%28R2%20%3D%200.97%29%20by%20including%20species-mean%20G%20with%20D%20and%20H%20in%20a%20general%20allometric%20equation%2C%20where%20F%20was%20constant.%20Our%20results%20suggest%20that%20inter-specific%20variation%20in%20wood%20density%2C%20not%20form%20factor%2C%20is%20the%20primary%20driver%20of%20biomass%20differences%20between%20species%20of%20the%20same%20size.%20We%20also%20determined%20that%20a%20simple%20analytical%20volume-filling%20model%20accurately%20relates%20wood%20specific%20gravity%20of%20these%20species%20to%20their%20water%20and%20gas%20content%20%28R2%20%3D%200.68%29.%20These%20results%20indicate%20which%20species%20use%20a%20wide%20spectrum%20of%20water%20storage%20strategies%20in%20savanna%20woodlands%2C%20adhering%20to%20a%20trade-off%20between%20the%20benefits%20of%20denser%20wood%20or%20increased%20water%20storage.%20%5Cu00a9%202013%20Springer-Verlag%20Berlin%20Heidelberg.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs00468-013-0932-7%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2209311890%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%228VPML3VD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-04T13%3A03%3A01Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%227WSTZFQ7%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Colgan%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EColgan%2C%20M.%20S.%2C%20Swemmer%2C%20T.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Asner%2C%20G.%20P.%20%282014%29.%20Structural%20relationships%20between%20form%20factor%2C%20wood%20density%2C%20and%20biomass%20in%20African%20savanna%20woodlands.%20%3Ci%3ETrees%20-%20Structure%20and%20Function%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E28%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%2091%26%23×2013%3B102.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00468-013-0932-7%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00468-013-0932-7%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D7WSTZFQ7%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Structural%20relationships%20between%20form%20factor%2C%20wood%20density%2C%20and%20biomass%20in%20African%20savanna%20woodlands%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Matthew%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Colgan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tony%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Swemmer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gregory%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Asner%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Key%20message%3A%20Variation%20in%20tree%20biomass%20among%20African%20savanna%20species%20of%20equal%20size%20is%20driven%20by%20a%20wide%20inter-specific%20variation%20in%20wood%20specific%20gravity.%20Tree%20form%20and%20taper%20is%20a%20fundamental%20component%20of%20tree%20structure%20and%20has%20been%20used%20for%20over%20a%20century%20in%20forestry%20to%20estimate%20timber%20yields%20and%20in%20ecological%20theories%20of%20scaling%20laws.%20Here%2C%20we%20investigate%20variation%20in%20form%20factor%20in%20the%20context%20of%20biomass%20in%20African%20savannas.%20Biomass%20is%20a%20fundamental%20metric%20of%20vegetation%20state%2C%20yet%20in%20African%20savannas%20it%20remains%20unclear%20whether%20variation%20in%20form%20factor%20F%20%28taper%29%20or%20wood%20specific%20gravity%20%28G%29%20is%20a%20more%20dominant%20driver%20of%20biomass%20differences%20between%20tree%20species%20of%20equal%20stem%20diameter%20and%20height.%20Improving%20our%20knowledge%20of%20vertical%20mass%20distribution%20in%20savanna%20trees%20provides%20insight%20into%20differences%20in%20life%20strategies%2C%20such%20as%20tradeoffs%20between%20production%2C%20disturbance%20avoidance%2C%20and%20water%20storage.%20Here%2C%20we%20destructively%20harvested%20782%20stems%20in%20a%20savanna%20woodland%20near%20Kruger%20National%20Park%2C%20South%20Africa%2C%20and%20measured%20whole%20tree%20wet%20mass%2C%20wood%20specific%20gravity%2C%20water%20content%2C%20and%20form%20factor.%20We%20found%20that%20three%20of%20four%20dominant%20species%20can%20vary%20in%20mass%20by%20over%20twofold%2C%20yet%20inter-specific%20variation%20in%20taper%20was%20low%20and%20taper%20did%20not%20vary%20significantly%20between%20common%20species%20%28P%20%5C%5Ctextgreater%200.05%29%20%28species-mean%20form%20factors%20ranged%20from%20F%20%3D%200.57%20to%200.77%2C%20where%20cone%20F%20%3D0.3%5Cu0304%2C%20quadratic%20paraboloid%20F%20%3D%200.5%2C%20cylinder%20F%20%3D%201.0%29.%20Comparison%20of%20a%20general%20biomass%20allometry%20model%20to%20species-specific%20models%20supported%20the%20conclusion%20that%20the%20large%20difference%20in%20biomass%20between%20species%20of%20the%20same%20size%20was%20explained%20almost%20entirely%20%28R2%20%3D%200.97%29%20by%20including%20species-mean%20G%20with%20D%20and%20H%20in%20a%20general%20allometric%20equation%2C%20where%20F%20was%20constant.%20Our%20results%20suggest%20that%20inter-specific%20variation%20in%20wood%20density%2C%20not%20form%20factor%2C%20is%20the%20primary%20driver%20of%20biomass%20differences%20between%20species%20of%20the%20same%20size.%20We%20also%20determined%20that%20a%20simple%20analytical%20volume-filling%20model%20accurately%20relates%20wood%20specific%20gravity%20of%20these%20species%20to%20their%20water%20and%20gas%20content%20%28R2%20%3D%200.68%29.%20These%20results%20indicate%20which%20species%20use%20a%20wide%20spectrum%20of%20water%20storage%20strategies%20in%20savanna%20woodlands%2C%20adhering%20to%20a%20trade-off%20between%20the%20benefits%20of%20denser%20wood%20or%20increased%20water%20storage.%20%5Cu00a9%202013%20Springer-Verlag%20Berlin%20Heidelberg.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs00468-013-0932-7%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2209311890%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A04%3A48Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22FA76ZBYH%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Colgan%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EColgan%2C%20M.%20S.%2C%20Swemmer%2C%20T.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Asner%2C%20G.%20P.%20%282014%29.%20Structural%20relationships%20between%20form%20factor%2C%20wood%20density%2C%20and%20biomass%20in%20African%20savanna%20woodlands.%20%3Ci%3ETrees%20-%20Structure%20and%20Function%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E28%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00468-013-0932-7%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00468-013-0932-7%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DFA76ZBYH%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Structural%20relationships%20between%20form%20factor%2C%20wood%20density%2C%20and%20biomass%20in%20African%20savanna%20woodlands%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Colgan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Swemmer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Asner%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Key%20message%3A%20Variation%20in%20tree%20biomass%20among%20African%20savanna%20species%20of%20equal%20size%20is%20driven%20by%20a%20wide%20inter-specific%20variation%20in%20wood%20specific%20gravity.%20Tree%20form%20and%20taper%20is%20a%20fundamental%20component%20of%20tree%20structure%20and%20has%20been%20used%20for%20over%20a%20century%20in%20forestry%20to%20estimate%20timber%20yields%20and%20in%20ecological%20theories%20of%20scaling%20laws.%20Here%2C%20we%20investigate%20variation%20in%20form%20factor%20in%20the%20context%20of%20biomass%20in%20African%20savannas.%20Biomass%20is%20a%20fundamental%20metric%20of%20vegetation%20state%2C%20yet%20in%20African%20savannas%20it%20remains%20unclear%20whether%20variation%20in%20form%20factor%20F%20%28taper%29%20or%20wood%20specific%20gravity%20%28G%29%20is%20a%20more%20dominant%20driver%20of%20biomass%20differences%20between%20tree%20species%20of%20equal%20stem%20diameter%20and%20height.%20Improving%20our%20knowledge%20of%20vertical%20mass%20distribution%20in%20savanna%20trees%20provides%20insight%20into%20differences%20in%20life%20strategies%2C%20such%20as%20tradeoffs%20between%20production%2C%20disturbance%20avoidance%2C%20and%20water%20storage.%20Here%2C%20we%20destructively%20harvested%20782%20stems%20in%20a%20savanna%20woodland%20near%20Kruger%20National%20Park%2C%20South%20Africa%2C%20and%20measured%20whole%20tree%20wet%20mass%2C%20wood%20specific%20gravity%2C%20water%20content%2C%20and%20form%20factor.%20We%20found%20that%20three%20of%20four%20dominant%20species%20can%20vary%20in%20mass%20by%20over%20twofold%2C%20yet%20inter-specific%20variation%20in%20taper%20was%20low%20and%20taper%20did%20not%20vary%20significantly%20between%20common%20species%20%28P%20%5C%5Ctextgreater%200.05%29%20%28species-mean%20form%20factors%20ranged%20from%20F%20%3D%200.57%20to%200.77%2C%20where%20cone%20F%20%3D0.3%5Cu0304%2C%20quadratic%20paraboloid%20F%20%3D%200.5%2C%20cylinder%20F%20%3D%201.0%29.%20Comparison%20of%20a%20general%20biomass%20allometry%20model%20to%20species-specific%20models%20supported%20the%20conclusion%20that%20the%20large%20difference%20in%20biomass%20between%20species%20of%20the%20same%20size%20was%20explained%20almost%20entirely%20%28R2%20%3D%200.97%29%20by%20including%20species-mean%20G%20with%20D%20and%20H%20in%20a%20general%20allometric%20equation%2C%20where%20F%20was%20constant.%20Our%20results%20suggest%20that%20inter-specific%20variation%20in%20wood%20density%2C%20not%20form%20factor%2C%20is%20the%20primary%20driver%20of%20biomass%20differences%20between%20species%20of%20the%20same%20size.%20We%20also%20determined%20that%20a%20simple%20analytical%20volume-filling%20model%20accurately%20relates%20wood%20specific%20gravity%20of%20these%20species%20to%20their%20water%20and%20gas%20content%20%28R2%20%3D%200.68%29.%20These%20results%20indicate%20which%20species%20use%20a%20wide%20spectrum%20of%20water%20storage%20strategies%20in%20savanna%20woodlands%2C%20adhering%20to%20a%20trade-off%20between%20the%20benefits%20of%20denser%20wood%20or%20increased%20water%20storage.%20%5Cu00a9%202013%20Springer-Verlag%20Berlin%20Heidelberg.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs00468-013-0932-7%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2209311890%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A24%3A33Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22R279LUCU%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Collins%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECollins%2C%20C.%2C%20Hermes%2C%20J.%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Reason%2C%20C.%20J.%20C.%20%282014%29.%20Mesoscale%20activity%20in%20the%20Comoros%20Basin%20from%20satellite%20altimetry%20and%20a%20high-resolution%20ocean%20circulation%20model.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Oceans%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E119%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%288%29%2C%204745%26%23×2013%3B4760.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2F2014JC010008%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2F2014JC010008%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DR279LUCU%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Mesoscale%20activity%20in%20the%20Comoros%20Basin%20from%20satellite%20altimetry%20and%20a%20high-resolution%20ocean%20circulation%20model%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Collins%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hermes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20J.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Reason%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Recently%20it%20has%20been%20shown%20that%20anticyclonic%20eddies%20are%20generated%20in%20the%20Comoros%20Basin%20contesting%20the%20long-held%20notion%20of%20a%20single%20large%20anticyclonic%20cell%2C%20the%20Comoros%20Gyre.%20Limited%20knowledge%20exists%20about%20the%20mesoscale%20activity%20within%20the%20basin%2C%20a%20potential%20key%20source%20of%20variability%20for%20the%20Mozambique%20Channel%20and%20subsequently%20the%20Agulhas%20Current.%20In%20this%20paper%20an%20automated%20eddy%20tracking%20scheme%2C%20applied%20to%20satellite%20altimetry%20data%20and%20a%20high-resolution%20model%20simulation%2C%20is%20used%20to%20determine%20the%20characteristics%20of%20the%20anticyclonic%20eddies%20generated%20in%20the%20Comoros%20Basin.%20The%20generation%20and%20characteristics%20of%20cyclonic%20eddies%20are%20also%20investigated.%20The%20eddy%20tracking%20scheme%20revealed%20that%20anticyclonic%20eddies%20are%20primarily%20generated%20west%20of%20the%20tip%20of%20Madagascar%20due%20to%20barotropic%20instabilities%20whereas%20cyclonic%20eddies%20are%20mainly%20generated%20along%20the%20northwest%20coast%20of%20Madagascar%20as%20a%20result%20of%20baroclinic%20instabilities.%20Anticyclonic%20eddies%2C%20with%20a%20mean%20lifespan%20of%20about%203%20months%2C%20reside%20in%20the%20basin%20for%20half%20their%20lifespan%20before%20propagating%20into%20the%20Mozambique%20Channel.%20On%20the%20other%20hand%2C%20the%20majority%20of%20cyclonic%20eddies%2C%20with%20a%20similar%20mean%20lifespan%2C%20dissipate%20within%20the%20basin.%20Initially%2C%20the%20anticyclones%2C%20with%20translation%20speeds%20of%206%5Cu20138%20km%20d21%20and%20mean%20radii%20of%2080%5Cu2013100%20km%2C%20follow%20the%20trajectory%20of%20the%20North%20East%20Madagascar%20Current%20and%20turn%20south%20upon%20reaching%20the%20African%20coast.%20The%20cyclonic%20eddies%20tend%20to%20be%20smaller%20%28%2060%20km%29%20and%20have%20slower%20translation%20speeds%20%282.5%5Cu20133.5%20km%20d21%29%20than%20their%20anticyclonic%20counterparts.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2208%5C%2F2014%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2F2014JC010008%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2221699275%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.wiley.com%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2F2014JC010008%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BGDWYJZJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-04-13T19%3A08%3A38Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22LZD5USZ3%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Costello%20and%20Wieczorek%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECostello%2C%20M.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Wieczorek%2C%20J.%20%282014%29.%20Best%20practice%20for%20biodiversity%20data%20management%20and%20publication.%20%3Ci%3EBiological%20Conservation%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E173%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%2068%26%23×2013%3B73.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.biocon.2013.10.018%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.biocon.2013.10.018%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DLZD5USZ3%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Best%20practice%20for%20biodiversity%20data%20management%20and%20publication%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mark%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Costello%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wieczorek%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22There%20is%20increasing%20pressure%20from%20the%20scientific%20community%2C%20including%20funding%20agencies%2C%20journals%20and%20peers%2C%20for%20authors%20to%20publish%20the%20biodiversity%20data%20used%20in%20published%20articles%20and%20other%20scientific%20literature.%20This%20enables%20reproducibility%20of%20research%20and%20creates%20new%20opportunities%20for%20integrating%20data%20between%20research%20projects%20and%20analysing%20data%20in%20additional%20ways.%20The%20long-term%20availability%20of%20data%20is%20especially%20important%20in%20conservation%20science%20because%20field%20data%20can%20be%20costly%20to%20collect.%20In%20addition%2C%20historic%20data%2C%20especially%20on%20threatened%20species%20and%20their%20associated%20biota%2C%20become%20more%20valuable%20over%20time.%20This%20paper%20summarises%20current%20standards%20and%20best%20practices%20for%20the%20management%20and%20publication%20of%20biodiversity%20data.%20It%20includes%20recommendations%20for%20citing%20sources%20of%20species%20determination%20and%20standards%20for%20formatting%20species%20distribution%20data.%20Whenever%20possible%2C%20data%20should%20be%20published%20for%20inclusion%20in%20data%20access%20platforms%20that%20integrate%20datasets%20%28e.g.%20GBIF%2C%20GenBank%29%20and%20so%20enable%20new%20analyses%20and%20broader%20impact.%20Data%20centres%20%28e.g.%20PANGAEA%29%20provide%20added%20value%20in%20quality%20checks%20on%20data.%20A%20minimum%20standard%20recommended%20is%20that%20data%20should%20be%20permanently%20archived%20in%20an%20online%2C%20open-access%20repository%20with%20sufficient%20metadata%20for%20potential%20users%20to%20understand%20how%20and%20why%20they%20were%20collected.%20%5Cu00a9%202013%20Elsevier%20Ltd.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.biocon.2013.10.018%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2200063207%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.biocon.2013.10.018%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A49%3A40Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22TXI6ZTKW%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Costello%20and%20Wieczorek%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECostello%2C%20M.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Wieczorek%2C%20J.%20%282014%29.%20Best%20practice%20for%20biodiversity%20data%20management%20and%20publication.%20%3Ci%3EBiological%20Conservation%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E173%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%2068%26%23×2013%3B73.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.biocon.2013.10.018%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.biocon.2013.10.018%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DTXI6ZTKW%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Best%20practice%20for%20biodiversity%20data%20management%20and%20publication%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mark%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Costello%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wieczorek%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22There%20is%20increasing%20pressure%20from%20the%20scientific%20community%2C%20including%20funding%20agencies%2C%20journals%20and%20peers%2C%20for%20authors%20to%20publish%20the%20biodiversity%20data%20used%20in%20published%20articles%20and%20other%20scientific%20literature.%20This%20enables%20reproducibility%20of%20research%20and%20creates%20new%20opportunities%20for%20integrating%20data%20between%20research%20projects%20and%20analysing%20data%20in%20additional%20ways.%20The%20long-term%20availability%20of%20data%20is%20especially%20important%20in%20conservation%20science%20because%20field%20data%20can%20be%20costly%20to%20collect.%20In%20addition%2C%20historic%20data%2C%20especially%20on%20threatened%20species%20and%20their%20associated%20biota%2C%20become%20more%20valuable%20over%20time.%20This%20paper%20summarises%20current%20standards%20and%20best%20practices%20for%20the%20management%20and%20publication%20of%20biodiversity%20data.%20It%20includes%20recommendations%20for%20citing%20sources%20of%20species%20determination%20and%20standards%20for%20formatting%20species%20distribution%20data.%20Whenever%20possible%2C%20data%20should%20be%20published%20for%20inclusion%20in%20data%20access%20platforms%20that%20integrate%20datasets%20%28e.g.%20GBIF%2C%20GenBank%29%20and%20so%20enable%20new%20analyses%20and%20broader%20impact.%20Data%20centres%20%28e.g.%20PANGAEA%29%20provide%20added%20value%20in%20quality%20checks%20on%20data.%20A%20minimum%20standard%20recommended%20is%20that%20data%20should%20be%20permanently%20archived%20in%20an%20online%2C%20open-access%20repository%20with%20sufficient%20metadata%20for%20potential%20users%20to%20understand%20how%20and%20why%20they%20were%20collected.%20%5Cu00a9%202013%20Elsevier%20Ltd.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.biocon.2013.10.018%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2200063207%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.biocon.2013.10.018%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A51%3A33Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22S6ER7UNQ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Cousins%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECousins%2C%20S.%20R.%2C%20Witkowski%2C%20E.%20T.%20F.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Pfab%2C%20M.%20F.%20%282014%29.%20Elucidating%20patterns%20in%20the%20population%20size%20structure%20and%20density%20of%20Aloe%20plicatilis%2C%20a%20tree%20aloe%20endemic%20to%20the%20Cape%20fynbos%2C%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3ESouth%20African%20Journal%20of%20Botany%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E90%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%2020%26%23×2013%3B36.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.sajb.2013.09.012%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.sajb.2013.09.012%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DS6ER7UNQ%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Elucidating%20patterns%20in%20the%20population%20size%20structure%20and%20density%20of%20Aloe%20plicatilis%2C%20a%20tree%20aloe%20endemic%20to%20the%20Cape%20fynbos%2C%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cousins%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%20T.F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Witkowski%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pfab%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Studies%20on%20plant%20population%20size%20structure%20provide%20important%20baseline%20information%20for%20monitoring%20and%20conservation.%20Traditionally%2C%20inverse%20J-shaped%20size%20class%20distributions%20%28SCD%29%20were%20considered%20indicative%20of%20%27healthy%27%2C%20stable%20plant%20populations%3B%20however%2C%20this%20may%20not%20hold%20true%20for%20long-lived%2C%20slow-growing%20species.%20This%20study%20assessed%20the%20population%20size%20structure%20of%2019%20populations%20of%20Aloe%20plicatilis%2C%20a%20Cape%20fynbos%20endemic%20tree%20aloe%2C%20and%20quantified%20population%20size%20and%20density.%20A%20strong%20positive%20linear%20relationship%20between%20stem%20diameter%20%28SDr%29%20and%20height%20was%20used%20to%20align%20SDr%20and%20height%20SCD%20bins%2C%20and%20to%20harmonize%20stage%20and%20size%20classes.%20Onset%20of%20reproduction%20occurs%20at%20%5Cu223c.%2015.%20cm%20SDr%20and%20%5Cu223c.%200.8.%20m%20in%20height.%20Some%20A.%20plicatilis%20individuals%20appear%20to%20display%20a%20%27bonsai%20effect%27%20whereby%20the%20growth%20of%20individuals%20in%20very%20rocky%20sites%20is%20suppressed.%20Stunted%20plants%20may%20be%20non-reproductive%20%27suppressed%20juveniles%27%20or%20%27reproductive%20dwarfs%27.%20The%20short%2C%20shrub-like%20growth%20form%20of%20many%20individuals%20may%20also%20result%20from%20height%20restrictions%20imposed%20by%20persistent%20strong%20winds.%20Population%20size%2C%20extent%20and%20density%20ranged%20from%2031%20to%20%5C%5Ctextgreater.%20110%20000%20individuals%2C%200.05-103.%20ha%20and%2075-3000%20plants%5C%2Fha%20respectively.%20Bell-shaped%20SCDs%20were%20the%20most%20common%20%2850%25%20of%20populations%29.%20The%20SDr%20and%20height%20SCDs%20for%20all%20populations%20combined%20were%20also%20bell-shaped.%20Seven%20populations%20displayed%20irregular%20SCDs%2C%20but%20were%20similar%20in%20structure%20to%20the%20bell-shaped%20SCDs%2C%20both%20of%20which%20were%20attributed%20to%20an%20adult-persistence%20population%20survival%20strategy.%20This%20study%20challenges%20the%20suitability%20of%20the%20inverse%20J%20as%20the%20only%20SCD%20indicative%20of%20healthy%2C%20stable%20populations%20for%20long-lived%2C%20slow-growing%20species.%20The%20study%20provides%20baseline%20demographic%20data%20on%20A.%20plicatilis%20across%20its%20distribution%20for%20long-term%20monitoring%2C%20and%20provides%20insights%20useful%20for%20examining%20trends%20in%20the%20demographics%20of%20other%20long-lived%2C%20slow-growing%20species.%20%5Cu00a9%202013%20South%20African%20Association%20of%20Botanists.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.sajb.2013.09.012%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2202546299%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.sajb.2013.09.012%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A02%3A22Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22NIFJM4I3%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Cromsigt%20and%20te%20Beest%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECromsigt%2C%20J.%20P.%20G.%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20te%20Beest%2C%20M.%20%282014%29.%20Restoration%20of%20a%20megaherbivore%3A%20Landscape-level%20impacts%20of%20white%20rhinoceros%20in%20Kruger%20National%20Park%2C%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Ecology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E102%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%20566%26%23×2013%3B575.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2F1365-2745.12218%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2F1365-2745.12218%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DNIFJM4I3%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Restoration%20of%20a%20megaherbivore%3A%20Landscape-level%20impacts%20of%20white%20rhinoceros%20in%20Kruger%20National%20Park%2C%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joris%20P.G.M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cromsigt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mariska%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22te%20Beest%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Megaherbivores%20have%20been%20lost%20from%20most%20ecosystems%20world-wide%2C%20and%20current%20increases%20in%20poaching%20of%20rhino%20and%20elephant%20spp.%20threaten%20their%20status%20in%20the%20systems%20where%20they%20still%20occur.%20Although%20megaherbivores%20are%20said%20to%20be%20key%20drivers%20of%20ecosystem%20structure%20and%20functioning%2C%20empirical%20evidence%20is%20strongly%20biased%20to%20studies%20on%20African%20elephant.%20We%20urgently%20need%20a%20better%20understanding%20of%20the%20impact%20of%20other%20megaherbivore%20species%20to%20predict%20the%20consequences%20of%20megaherbivore%20loss.%20We%20used%20a%20unique%20%27recolonization%20experiment%27%20to%20test%20how%20a%20megagrazer%2C%20white%20rhinoceros%2C%20is%20affecting%20the%20structure%20of%20savanna%20grasslands%20in%20Kruger%20National%20Park%20%28KNP%29.%20With%20a%2030-year%20record%20of%20rhinoceros%20distribution%2C%20we%20quantified%20how%20they%20recolonized%20KNP%20following%20their%20re-introduction.%20This%20allowed%20us%20to%20identify%20landscapes%20with%20high%20rhino%20densities%20and%20long%20time%20since%20recolonization%20versus%20landscapes%20with%20low%20rhino%20densities%20that%20were%20recolonized%20more%20recently%20but%20were%20otherwise%20biophysically%20similar.%20We%20recorded%20grassland%20heterogeneity%20on%2040%20transects%20covering%20a%20total%20of%2030%20km%20distributed%20across%20both%20landscapes.%20We%20used%20two%20proxies%20of%20grassland%20heterogeneity%3A%20%25%20short%20grass%20cover%20and%20number%20of%20grazing%20lawn%20patches.%20Grazing%20lawns%20are%20patches%20with%20specific%20communities%20of%20prostrate-growing%20stoloniferous%20short%20grass%20species.%20Short%20grass%20cover%20was%20clearly%20higher%20in%20the%20high%20rhino%20impact%20%2817.5%25%29%20than%20low%20rhino%20impact%20landscape%20%2810.7%25%29.%20Moreover%2C%20we%20encountered%20%5Cu223c20%20times%20more%20grazing%20lawns%20in%20the%20high%20rhino%20impact%20landscape.%20The%20effect%20of%20rhino%20on%20number%20of%20lawns%20and%20on%20short%20grass%20cover%20was%20similar%20to%20the%20two%20dominant%20geologies%20in%20KNP%2C%20basalt-derived%20versus%20granite-derived%20soils.%20Synthesis.%20We%20provide%20empirical%20evidence%20that%20white%20rhinoceros%20may%20have%20started%20to%20change%20the%20structure%20and%20composition%20of%20KNP%27s%20savanna%20grasslands.%20It%20remains%20to%20be%20tested%20if%20these%20changes%20lead%20to%20other%20ecological%20cascading%20effects.%20However%2C%20our%20results%20highlight%20that%20the%20current%20rhino%20poaching%20crisis%20may%20not%20only%20affect%20the%20species%2C%20but%20also%20threaten%20the%20potential%20key%20role%20of%20this%20megaherbivore%20as%20a%20driver%20of%20savanna%20functioning.%20We%20provide%20empirical%20evidence%20that%20white%20rhinoceros%20may%20have%20started%20to%20change%20the%20structure%20and%20composition%20of%20Kruger%20National%20Park%27s%20savanna%20grasslands.%20It%20remains%20to%20be%20tested%20if%20these%20changes%20lead%20to%20other%20ecological%20cascading%20effects.%20Our%20results%20highlight%20that%20the%20current%20rhino%20poaching%20crisis%20may%20not%20only%20affect%20the%20species%2C%20but%20also%20threaten%20the%20potential%20key%20role%20of%20this%20megaherbivore%20as%20a%20driver%20of%20savanna%20functioning.%20%5Cu00a9%202014%20British%20Ecological%20Society.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2F1365-2745.12218%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2213652745%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A55%3A22Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22AULGX2TP%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Crous%20and%20Roets%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECrous%2C%20C.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Roets%2C%20F.%20%282014%29.%20Realising%20the%20value%20of%20continuous%20monitoring%20programmes%20for%20biodiversity%20conservation.%20%3Ci%3ESouth%20African%20Journal%20of%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E110%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2811%26%23×2013%3B12%29%2C%200%26%23×2013%3B5.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1590%5C%2Fsajs.2014%5C%2Fa0083%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1590%5C%2Fsajs.2014%5C%2Fa0083%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DAULGX2TP%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Realising%20the%20value%20of%20continuous%20monitoring%20programmes%20for%20biodiversity%20conservation%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Casparus%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Crous%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Francois%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roets%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22There%20is%20an%20increased%20need%20for%20support%20for%20continuous%20biodiversity%20monitoring%20programmes%20in%20commodity%20production%20landscapes%3B%20the%20pressure%20for%20such%20supports%20arises%20from%20a%20variety%20of%20sources.%20We%20highlight%20our%20rediscovery%20of%20a%20presumed%20extinct%20dung%20beetle%20species%2C%20last%20recorded%20in%201975%2C%20to%20accentuate%20the%20value%20of%20local-scale%20ecological%20monitoring%20approaches%20for%20modern%20conservation%20planning%20practices%20in%20South%20Africa.%20We%20believe%20this%20perspective%20could%20help%20articulate%20further%20growth%20in%20support%20for%20such%20infrastructure.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1590%5C%2Fsajs.2014%5C%2Fa0083%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2219967489%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A53%3A06Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22GBBATTBG%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Davis%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDavis%2C%20A.%20L.%20V.%2C%20Swemmer%2C%20A.%20M.%2C%20Scholtz%2C%20C.%20H.%2C%20Deschodt%2C%20C.%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Tshikae%2C%20B.%20P.%20%282014%29.%20Roles%20of%20environmental%20variables%20and%20land%20usage%20as%20drivers%20of%20dung%20beetle%20assemblage%20structure%20in%20mopane%20woodland.%20%3Ci%3EAustral%20Ecology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E39%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Faec.12081%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Faec.12081%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DGBBATTBG%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Roles%20of%20environmental%20variables%20and%20land%20usage%20as%20drivers%20of%20dung%20beetle%20assemblage%20structure%20in%20mopane%20woodland%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.L.V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Davis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Swemmer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Scholtz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deschodt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tshikae%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Colophospermum%20mopane%20woodland%20covers%20large%20areas%20of%20dry%20lowland%20savanna%20in%20southeastern%20Africa.%20Dominant%20land%20usage%20is%20conservation%20%2845%25%29%20with%20the%20remainder%20mostly%20modified%20by%20farming.%20Dung%20beetle%20responses%20to%20environment%20%28dung%20type%2C%20habitat%2C%20weather%29%20and%20land%20usage%20%28conservation%2C%20farming%2C%20mining%29%20were%20examined%20at%20Phalaborwa%20%2823.9431%5Cu00b0S%2031.1411%5Cu00b0E%29%20in%20the%20Phalaborwa-Timbavati%20Mopaneveld%2C%20South%20Africa.%20Partitioning%20of%20gamma%20species%20richness%20and%20diversity%20showed%20lower%20alpha%20values%20in%20mine%20areas%20than%20in%20farm%20and%20conserved%20areas.%20However%2C%20between-land%20usage%20differences%20in%20species%20richness%2C%20alpha%20diversity%2C%20abundance%20and%20biomass%2C%20showed%20lower%20significance%20than%20those%20between%20dung%20type%20and%20different%20weather.%20At%20two%20sampling%20scales%2C%20three%20multivariate%20techniques%20variously%20separated%20assemblages%20according%20to%20land%20usage%2C%20dung%20type%20and%20weather.%20Analysis%20of%2021%20mean%20samples%20separated%20clusters%20according%20to%20dung%20type%20%28Canonical%20Correspondence%20Analysis%2C%20CCA%29%20or%20mine%20assemblages%2C%20conserved%20plus%20farm%20assemblages%20on%20pig%20plus%20elephant%2C%20or%20cattle%20dung%20%28NMDS%2C%20Factor%20Analysis%29%20with%20shared%20variance%20of%20%5C%5Ctextgreater80%25%20and%20unique%20variance%20of%2016-18%25%20per%20cluster.%20In%20analysis%20of%20188%20samples%20%28CCA%29%2C%20each%20overlapping%20dung%20type%20cluster%20was%20offset%20in%20ordinal%20space%20with%20congruent%20patterns%20of%20separation%20according%20to%20land%20usage%20and%20weather%20%28drier%20days%20distant%20from%20moister%20days%3B%20conserved%20plus%20farm%20areas%20distant%20from%20early%20succession%20mine%20areas%2C%20which%20were%20distant%20from%20disturbed%20and%20later%20succession%20mine%20areas%29.%20Mining%2C%20dung%20types%2C%20and%20moist%20conditions%20were%20the%20strongest%20contributors%20to%20between-assemblage%20differences.%20Compared%20with%20conserved%20areas%2C%20dung%20beetle%20diversity%20is%20appreciably%20altered%20by%20mining%20but%20only%20slightly%20altered%20by%20intensive%20game%20farming%20or%20livestock%20ranching%20with%20subsistence%20agriculture.%20%5Cu00a9%202013%20Ecological%20Society%20of%20Australia.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Faec.12081%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2214429993%2014429985%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%228VPML3VD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-04T13%3A02%3A59Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22WSZTMGDD%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Davis%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDavis%2C%20A.%20L.%20V.%2C%20Swemmer%2C%20A.%20M.%2C%20Scholtz%2C%20C.%20H.%2C%20Deschodt%2C%20C.%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Tshikae%2C%20B.%20P.%20%282014%29.%20Roles%20of%20environmental%20variables%20and%20land%20usage%20as%20drivers%20of%20dung%20beetle%20assemblage%20structure%20in%20mopane%20woodland.%20%3Ci%3EAustral%20Ecology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E39%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%20313%26%23×2013%3B327.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Faec.12081%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Faec.12081%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DWSZTMGDD%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Roles%20of%20environmental%20variables%20and%20land%20usage%20as%20drivers%20of%20dung%20beetle%20assemblage%20structure%20in%20mopane%20woodland%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adrian%20L.V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Davis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anthony%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Swemmer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Clarke%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Scholtz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christian%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deschodt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%20Power%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tshikae%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Colophospermum%20mopane%20woodland%20covers%20large%20areas%20of%20dry%20lowland%20savanna%20in%20southeastern%20Africa.%20Dominant%20land%20usage%20is%20conservation%20%2845%25%29%20with%20the%20remainder%20mostly%20modified%20by%20farming.%20Dung%20beetle%20responses%20to%20environment%20%28dung%20type%2C%20habitat%2C%20weather%29%20and%20land%20usage%20%28conservation%2C%20farming%2C%20mining%29%20were%20examined%20at%20Phalaborwa%20%2823.9431%5Cu00b0S%2031.1411%5Cu00b0E%29%20in%20the%20Phalaborwa-Timbavati%20Mopaneveld%2C%20South%20Africa.%20Partitioning%20of%20gamma%20species%20richness%20and%20diversity%20showed%20lower%20alpha%20values%20in%20mine%20areas%20than%20in%20farm%20and%20conserved%20areas.%20However%2C%20between-land%20usage%20differences%20in%20species%20richness%2C%20alpha%20diversity%2C%20abundance%20and%20biomass%2C%20showed%20lower%20significance%20than%20those%20between%20dung%20type%20and%20different%20weather.%20At%20two%20sampling%20scales%2C%20three%20multivariate%20techniques%20variously%20separated%20assemblages%20according%20to%20land%20usage%2C%20dung%20type%20and%20weather.%20Analysis%20of%2021%20mean%20samples%20separated%20clusters%20according%20to%20dung%20type%20%28Canonical%20Correspondence%20Analysis%2C%20CCA%29%20or%20mine%20assemblages%2C%20conserved%20plus%20farm%20assemblages%20on%20pig%20plus%20elephant%2C%20or%20cattle%20dung%20%28NMDS%2C%20Factor%20Analysis%29%20with%20shared%20variance%20of%20%5C%5Ctextgreater80%25%20and%20unique%20variance%20of%2016-18%25%20per%20cluster.%20In%20analysis%20of%20188%20samples%20%28CCA%29%2C%20each%20overlapping%20dung%20type%20cluster%20was%20offset%20in%20ordinal%20space%20with%20congruent%20patterns%20of%20separation%20according%20to%20land%20usage%20and%20weather%20%28drier%20days%20distant%20from%20moister%20days%3B%20conserved%20plus%20farm%20areas%20distant%20from%20early%20succession%20mine%20areas%2C%20which%20were%20distant%20from%20disturbed%20and%20later%20succession%20mine%20areas%29.%20Mining%2C%20dung%20types%2C%20and%20moist%20conditions%20were%20the%20strongest%20contributors%20to%20between-assemblage%20differences.%20Compared%20with%20conserved%20areas%2C%20dung%20beetle%20diversity%20is%20appreciably%20altered%20by%20mining%20but%20only%20slightly%20altered%20by%20intensive%20game%20farming%20or%20livestock%20ranching%20with%20subsistence%20agriculture.%20%5Cu00a9%202013%20Ecological%20Society%20of%20Australia.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Faec.12081%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2214429993%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A04%3A32Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22QKYLBY8Y%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Davis%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDavis%2C%20A.%20L.%20V.%2C%20Swemmer%2C%20A.%20M.%2C%20Scholtz%2C%20C.%20H.%2C%20Deschodt%2C%20C.%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Tshikae%2C%20B.%20P.%20%282014%29.%20Roles%20of%20environmental%20variables%20and%20land%20usage%20as%20drivers%20of%20dung%20beetle%20assemblage%20structure%20in%20mopane%20woodland.%20%3Ci%3EAustral%20Ecology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E39%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%20313%26%23×2013%3B327.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Faec.12081%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Faec.12081%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DQKYLBY8Y%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Roles%20of%20environmental%20variables%20and%20land%20usage%20as%20drivers%20of%20dung%20beetle%20assemblage%20structure%20in%20mopane%20woodland%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adrian%20L.V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Davis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anthony%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Swemmer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Clarke%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Scholtz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christian%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deschodt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%20Power%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tshikae%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Colophospermum%20mopane%20woodland%20covers%20large%20areas%20of%20dry%20lowland%20savanna%20in%20southeastern%20Africa.%20Dominant%20land%20usage%20is%20conservation%20%2845%25%29%20with%20the%20remainder%20mostly%20modified%20by%20farming.%20Dung%20beetle%20responses%20to%20environment%20%28dung%20type%2C%20habitat%2C%20weather%29%20and%20land%20usage%20%28conservation%2C%20farming%2C%20mining%29%20were%20examined%20at%20Phalaborwa%20%2823.9431%5Cu00b0S%2031.1411%5Cu00b0E%29%20in%20the%20Phalaborwa-Timbavati%20Mopaneveld%2C%20South%20Africa.%20Partitioning%20of%20gamma%20species%20richness%20and%20diversity%20showed%20lower%20alpha%20values%20in%20mine%20areas%20than%20in%20farm%20and%20conserved%20areas.%20However%2C%20between-land%20usage%20differences%20in%20species%20richness%2C%20alpha%20diversity%2C%20abundance%20and%20biomass%2C%20showed%20lower%20significance%20than%20those%20between%20dung%20type%20and%20different%20weather.%20At%20two%20sampling%20scales%2C%20three%20multivariate%20techniques%20variously%20separated%20assemblages%20according%20to%20land%20usage%2C%20dung%20type%20and%20weather.%20Analysis%20of%2021%20mean%20samples%20separated%20clusters%20according%20to%20dung%20type%20%28Canonical%20Correspondence%20Analysis%2C%20CCA%29%20or%20mine%20assemblages%2C%20conserved%20plus%20farm%20assemblages%20on%20pig%20plus%20elephant%2C%20or%20cattle%20dung%20%28NMDS%2C%20Factor%20Analysis%29%20with%20shared%20variance%20of%20%5C%5Ctextgreater80%25%20and%20unique%20variance%20of%2016-18%25%20per%20cluster.%20In%20analysis%20of%20188%20samples%20%28CCA%29%2C%20each%20overlapping%20dung%20type%20cluster%20was%20offset%20in%20ordinal%20space%20with%20congruent%20patterns%20of%20separation%20according%20to%20land%20usage%20and%20weather%20%28drier%20days%20distant%20from%20moister%20days%3B%20conserved%20plus%20farm%20areas%20distant%20from%20early%20succession%20mine%20areas%2C%20which%20were%20distant%20from%20disturbed%20and%20later%20succession%20mine%20areas%29.%20Mining%2C%20dung%20types%2C%20and%20moist%20conditions%20were%20the%20strongest%20contributors%20to%20between-assemblage%20differences.%20Compared%20with%20conserved%20areas%2C%20dung%20beetle%20diversity%20is%20appreciably%20altered%20by%20mining%20but%20only%20slightly%20altered%20by%20intensive%20game%20farming%20or%20livestock%20ranching%20with%20subsistence%20agriculture.%20%5Cu00a9%202013%20Ecological%20Society%20of%20Australia.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Faec.12081%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2214429993%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A07%3A25Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%229Z6KM78X%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Davis%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDavis%2C%20A.%20L.%20V.%2C%20Swemmer%2C%20A.%20M.%2C%20Scholtz%2C%20C.%20H.%2C%20Deschodt%2C%20C.%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Tshikae%2C%20B.%20P.%20%282014%29.%20Roles%20of%20environmental%20variables%20and%20land%20usage%20as%20drivers%20of%20dung%20beetle%20assemblage%20structure%20in%20mopane%20woodland.%20%3Ci%3EAustral%20Ecology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E39%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Faec.12081%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Faec.12081%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D9Z6KM78X%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Roles%20of%20environmental%20variables%20and%20land%20usage%20as%20drivers%20of%20dung%20beetle%20assemblage%20structure%20in%20mopane%20woodland%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.L.V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Davis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Swemmer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Scholtz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deschodt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tshikae%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Colophospermum%20mopane%20woodland%20covers%20large%20areas%20of%20dry%20lowland%20savanna%20in%20southeastern%20Africa.%20Dominant%20land%20usage%20is%20conservation%20%2845%25%29%20with%20the%20remainder%20mostly%20modified%20by%20farming.%20Dung%20beetle%20responses%20to%20environment%20%28dung%20type%2C%20habitat%2C%20weather%29%20and%20land%20usage%20%28conservation%2C%20farming%2C%20mining%29%20were%20examined%20at%20Phalaborwa%20%2823.9431%5Cu00b0S%2031.1411%5Cu00b0E%29%20in%20the%20Phalaborwa-Timbavati%20Mopaneveld%2C%20South%20Africa.%20Partitioning%20of%20gamma%20species%20richness%20and%20diversity%20showed%20lower%20alpha%20values%20in%20mine%20areas%20than%20in%20farm%20and%20conserved%20areas.%20However%2C%20between-land%20usage%20differences%20in%20species%20richness%2C%20alpha%20diversity%2C%20abundance%20and%20biomass%2C%20showed%20lower%20significance%20than%20those%20between%20dung%20type%20and%20different%20weather.%20At%20two%20sampling%20scales%2C%20three%20multivariate%20techniques%20variously%20separated%20assemblages%20according%20to%20land%20usage%2C%20dung%20type%20and%20weather.%20Analysis%20of%2021%20mean%20samples%20separated%20clusters%20according%20to%20dung%20type%20%28Canonical%20Correspondence%20Analysis%2C%20CCA%29%20or%20mine%20assemblages%2C%20conserved%20plus%20farm%20assemblages%20on%20pig%20plus%20elephant%2C%20or%20cattle%20dung%20%28NMDS%2C%20Factor%20Analysis%29%20with%20shared%20variance%20of%20%5C%5Ctextgreater80%25%20and%20unique%20variance%20of%2016-18%25%20per%20cluster.%20In%20analysis%20of%20188%20samples%20%28CCA%29%2C%20each%20overlapping%20dung%20type%20cluster%20was%20offset%20in%20ordinal%20space%20with%20congruent%20patterns%20of%20separation%20according%20to%20land%20usage%20and%20weather%20%28drier%20days%20distant%20from%20moister%20days%3B%20conserved%20plus%20farm%20areas%20distant%20from%20early%20succession%20mine%20areas%2C%20which%20were%20distant%20from%20disturbed%20and%20later%20succession%20mine%20areas%29.%20Mining%2C%20dung%20types%2C%20and%20moist%20conditions%20were%20the%20strongest%20contributors%20to%20between-assemblage%20differences.%20Compared%20with%20conserved%20areas%2C%20dung%20beetle%20diversity%20is%20appreciably%20altered%20by%20mining%20but%20only%20slightly%20altered%20by%20intensive%20game%20farming%20or%20livestock%20ranching%20with%20subsistence%20agriculture.%20%5Cu00a9%202013%20Ecological%20Society%20of%20Australia.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Faec.12081%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2214429993%2014429985%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A24%3A30Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22K9HV67KP%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22de%20Paola%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3Ede%20Paola%2C%20F.%2C%20Giugni%2C%20M.%2C%20Topa%2C%20M.%20E.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Bucchignani%2C%20E.%20%282014%29.%20Intensity-Duration-Frequency%20%28IDF%29%20rainfall%20curves%2C%20for%20data%20series%20and%20climate%20projection%20in%20African%20cities.%20%3Ci%3ESpringerPlus%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E3%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%201%26%23×2013%3B18.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1186%5C%2F2193-1801-3-133%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1186%5C%2F2193-1801-3-133%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DK9HV67KP%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Intensity-Duration-Frequency%20%28IDF%29%20rainfall%20curves%2C%20for%20data%20series%20and%20climate%20projection%20in%20African%20cities%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Francesco%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22de%20Paola%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Maurizio%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Giugni%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Maria%20Elena%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Topa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Edoardo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bucchignani%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Changes%20in%20the%20hydrologic%20cycle%20due%20to%20increase%20in%20greenhouse%20gases%20cause%20variations%20in%20intensity%2C%20duration%2C%20and%20frequency%20of%20precipitation%20events.%20Quantifying%20the%20potential%20effects%20of%20climate%20change%20and%20adapting%20to%20them%20is%20one%20way%20to%20reduce%20urban%20vulnerability.%20Since%20rainfall%20characteristics%20are%20often%20used%20to%20design%20water%20structures%2C%20reviewing%20and%20updating%20rainfall%20characteristics%20%28i.e.%2C%20Intensity-Duration-Frequency%20%28IDF%29%20curves%29%20for%20future%20climate%20scenarios%20is%20necessary%20%28Reg%20Environ%20Change%2013%281%20Supplement%29%3A25-33%2C%202013%29.%20The%20present%20study%20regards%20the%20evaluation%20of%20the%20IDF%20curves%20for%20three%20case%20studies%3A%20Addis%20Ababa%20%28Ethiopia%29%2C%20Dar%20Es%20Salaam%20%28Tanzania%29%20and%20Douala%20%28Cameroon%29.%20Starting%20from%20daily%20rainfall%20observed%20data%2C%20to%20define%20the%20IDF%20curves%20and%20the%20extreme%20values%20in%20a%20smaller%20time%20window%20%2810%5Cu2032%2C%2030%5Cu2032%2C%201%20h%2C%203%20h%2C%206%20h%2C%2012%20h%29%2C%20disaggregation%20techniques%20of%20the%20collected%20data%20have%20been%20used%2C%20in%20order%20to%20generate%20a%20synthetic%20sequence%20of%20rainfall%2C%20with%20statistical%20properties%20similar%20to%20the%20recorded%20data.%20Then%2C%20the%20rainfall%20pattern%20of%20the%20three%20test%20cities%20was%20analyzed%20and%20IDF%20curves%20were%20evaluated.%20In%20order%20to%20estimate%20the%20contingent%20influence%20of%20climate%20change%20on%20the%20IDF%20curves%2C%20the%20described%20procedure%20was%20applied%20to%20the%20climate%20%28rainfall%29%20simulations%20over%20the%20time%20period%202010-2050%2C%20provided%20by%20CMCC%20%28Centro%20Euro-Mediterraneo%20sui%20Cambiamenti%20Climatici%29.%20The%20evaluation%20of%20the%20IDF%20curves%20allowed%20to%20frame%20the%20rainfall%20evolution%20of%20the%20three%20case%20studies%2C%20considering%20initially%20only%20historical%20data%2C%20then%20taking%20into%20account%20the%20climate%20projections%2C%20in%20order%20to%20verify%20the%20changes%20in%20rainfall%20patterns.%20The%20same%20set%20of%20data%20and%20projections%20was%20also%20used%20for%20evaluating%20the%20Probable%20Maximum%20Precipitation%20%28PMP%29.%20%5Cu00a9%202014%20De%20Paola%20et%20al.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1186%5C%2F2193-1801-3-133%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2221931801%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A50%3A50Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22RDV65IAZ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Dippenaar%20and%20van%20Rooy%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDippenaar%2C%20M.%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20van%20Rooy%2C%20J.%20L.%20%282014%29.%20Review%20of%20engineering%2C%20hydrogeological%20and%20vadose%20zone%20hydrological%20aspects%20of%20the%20Lanseria%20Gneiss%2C%20Goudplaats-Hout%20River%20Gneiss%20and%20Nelspruit%20Suite%20Granite%20%28South%20Africa%29.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20African%20Earth%20Sciences%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E91%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%2012%26%23×2013%3B31.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jafrearsci.2013.11.019%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jafrearsci.2013.11.019%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DRDV65IAZ%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Review%20of%20engineering%2C%20hydrogeological%20and%20vadose%20zone%20hydrological%20aspects%20of%20the%20Lanseria%20Gneiss%2C%20Goudplaats-Hout%20River%20Gneiss%20and%20Nelspruit%20Suite%20Granite%20%28South%20Africa%29%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Matthys%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dippenaar%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20Louis%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22van%20Rooy%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Three%20major%20basement%20granites%20of%20South%20Africa%2C%20viz.%20the%20Lanseria%20Gneiss%20of%20the%20Johannesburg%20Dome%20Granite%2C%20the%20Goudplaats-Hout%20River%20Gneiss%20and%20the%20Nelspruit%20Suite%2C%20are%20compared%20in%20terms%20of%20existing%20and%20new%20geotechnical%20and%20hydrogeological%20data.%20Typical%20weathering%20profiles%20based%20on%20landform%20and%20climate%20are%20deduced%2C%20denoting%20typical%20engineering%20and%20hydrogeological%20behaviour.%20Finally%2C%20the%20vadose%20zone%20behaviour%20of%20the%20basement%20granites%20are%20described%20with%20the%20aim%20on%20better%20understanding%20of%20the%20behaviour%20of%20these%20systems%20under%20variable%20saturation.%20Ephemeral%20hillslope%20wetlands%2C%20seepage%20lines%20and%20catenas%20are%20specifically%20addressed%20as%20associated%20hydrological%20influences%2C%20as%20well%20as%20the%20associated%20processes%20of%20translocation%20forming%20duplex%20soils%20and%20pedogenesis%20forming%20ferricrete.%20The%20final%20summarised%20findings%20depict%20low%20plasticity%20and%20expansiveness%20of%20granites%20with%20the%20most%20notable%20geotechnical%20influences%20being%20collapsibility%2C%20dispersive%20behaviour%2C%20seepage%20and%20difficult%20excavation.%20Hydrologically%2C%20secondary%20porosity%20prevails%20and%20younger%20structures%20or%20intrusions%20govern%20groundwater%20occurrence.%20The%20vadose%20zone%20comprises%20thick%20fractured%20rock%20to%20be%20included%20in%20modelling%20with%20the%20soil%20zone%20having%20saturated%20conductivity%20typically%20in%20the%20order%20of%201%5Cu00d710-4%20to%201%5Cu00d710-5m%5C%2Fd.%20%5Cu00a9%202013%20Elsevier%20Ltd.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.jafrearsci.2013.11.019%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221464343X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A47%3A21Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22GN5B3VET%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Dlamini%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDlamini%2C%20P.%2C%20Chivenge%2C%20P.%2C%20Manson%2C%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Chaplot%2C%20V.%20%282014%29.%20Land%20degradation%20impact%20on%20soil%20organic%20carbon%20and%20nitrogen%20stocks%20of%20sub-tropical%20humid%20grasslands%20in%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EGeoderma%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E235%26%23×2013%3B236%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20372%26%23×2013%3B381.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.geoderma.2014.07.016%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.geoderma.2014.07.016%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DGN5B3VET%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Land%20degradation%20impact%20on%20soil%20organic%20carbon%20and%20nitrogen%20stocks%20of%20sub-tropical%20humid%20grasslands%20in%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Phesheya%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dlamini%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pauline%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chivenge%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Manson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Vincent%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chaplot%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Land%20degradation%20is%20recognized%20as%20a%20main%20environmental%20problem%20that%20adversely%20depletes%20soil%20organic%20carbon%20%28SOC%29%20and%20nitrogen%20%28SON%29%20stocks%2C%20which%20in%20turn%20directly%20affects%20soils%2C%20their%20fertility%2C%20productivity%20and%20overall%20quality.%20While%20it%20is%20expanding%20worldwide%20at%20rapid%20pace%2C%20quantitative%20information%20on%20the%20impact%20of%20land%20degradation%20on%20the%20depletion%20of%20SOC%20and%20SON%20stocks%20remains%20largely%20unavailable%2C%20limiting%20the%20ability%20to%20predict%20the%20impacts%20of%20land%20management%20on%20the%20C%20losses%20to%20the%20atmosphere%20and%20associated%20global%20warming.%20The%20main%20objective%20of%20this%20study%20was%20to%20evaluate%20the%20consequences%20of%20a%20decrease%20in%20grass%20aerial%20cover%20on%20SOC%20and%20SON%20stocks.%20A%20degraded%20grassland%20showing%20an%20aerial%20cover%20gradient%20from%20100%25%20%28Cov100%2C%20corresponding%20to%20a%20non-degraded%20grassland%29%20to%2050-75%25%20%28Cov75%29%2C%2025-50%25%20%28Cov50%29%20and%200-5%25%20%28Cov5%2C%20corresponding%20to%20a%20heavily%20degraded%20grassland%29%2C%20was%20selected%20in%20South%20Africa.%20Soil%20samples%20were%20collected%20in%20the%200.05m%20soil%20layer%20at%2048%20locations%20along%20the%20aerial%20cover%20gradient%20and%20were%20subsequently%20separated%20into%20the%20clay%2Bsilt%20%282-20%5Cu03bcm%29%20and%20sand%20%2820-2000%5Cu03bcm%29%20fractions%2C%20prior%20to%20total%20C%20and%20N%20analysis%20%28n%3D288%29.%20The%20decline%20in%20grass%20aerial%20cover%20from%20100%25%20to%200-5%25%20had%20a%20significant%20%28P%5C%5Ctextless0.05%29%20impact%20on%20SOC%20and%20SON%20stocks%2C%20with%20losses%20by%20as%20much%20as%201.25kgm-2%20for%20SOC%20and%200.074kgm-2%20for%20SON%2C%20which%20corresponded%20to%20depletion%20rates%20of%2089%20and%2076%25%2C%20respectively.%20Furthermore%2C%20both%20the%20C%3AN%20ratio%20and%20the%20proportion%20of%20SOC%20and%20SON%20in%20the%20silt%2Bclay%20fraction%20declined%20with%20grass%20aerial%20cover%2C%20which%20was%20indicative%20of%20a%20preferential%20loss%20of%20easily%20decomposable%20organic%20matter.%20The%20staggering%20decline%20in%20SOC%20and%20SON%20stocks%20raises%20concerns%20about%20the%20ability%20of%20these%20acidic%20sandy%20loam%20soils%20to%20sustain%20their%20main%20ecosystem%20functions.%20The%20associated%20decrease%20in%20chemical%20elements%20%28e.g.%2C%20Ca%20by%20a%20maximum%20of%2067%25%3B%20Mn%2C%2077%25%3B%20Cu%2C%2066%25%3B%20and%20Zn%2C%2082%25%29%20was%20finally%20used%20to%20discuss%20the%20mechanisms%20at%20stake%20in%20land%20degradation%20and%20the%20associated%20stock%20depletion%20of%20SOC%20and%20SON%20stocks%2C%20a%20prerequisite%20to%20land%20rehabilitation%20and%20stock%20replenishment.%20%5Cu00a9%202014%20Elsevier%20B.V.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.geoderma.2014.07.016%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2200167061%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.geoderma.2014.07.016%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A53%3A16Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%227WTCZD73%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Dlamini%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDlamini%2C%20P.%2C%20Chivenge%2C%20P.%2C%20Manson%2C%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Chaplot%2C%20V.%20%282014%29.%20%3Ci%3EGeoderma%20Land%20degradation%20impact%20on%20soil%20organic%20carbon%20and%20nitrogen%20stocks%20of%20sub-tropical%20humid%20grasslands%20in%20South%20Africa%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ci%3E236%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20372%26%23×2013%3B381.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D7WTCZD73%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Geoderma%20Land%20degradation%20impact%20on%20soil%20organic%20carbon%20and%20nitrogen%20stocks%20of%20sub-tropical%20humid%20grasslands%20in%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Phesheya%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dlamini%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pauline%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chivenge%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Manson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Vincent%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chaplot%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A01%3A30Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22PAK6FWUR%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Du%20Toit%20and%20O%27Connor%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDu%20Toit%2C%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20O%26%23×2019%3BConnor%2C%20T.%20%282014%29.%20Changes%20in%20rainfall%20pattern%20in%20the%20eastern%20Karoo%2C%20South%20Africa%2C%5Cnover%20the%20past%20123%20years.%20%3Ci%3EWater%20SA%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E40%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%208.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.4314%5C%2Fwsa.v40i3.8%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.4314%5C%2Fwsa.v40i3.8%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DPAK6FWUR%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Changes%20in%20rainfall%20pattern%20in%20the%20eastern%20Karoo%2C%20South%20Africa%2C%5Cnover%20the%20past%20123%20years%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Justin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Du%20Toit%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Timothy%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22O%27Connor%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.4314%5C%2Fwsa.v40i3.8%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221816-7950%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22CM9YQJBN%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-15T08%3A05%3A43Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22HXHGAJNP%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Dzerefos%20and%20Maria%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDzerefos%2C%20C.%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Maria%2C%20C.%20%282014%29.%20%3Ci%3EThe%20life%20history%2C%20use%20and%20socio-economics%20of%20the%20edible%20stinkbug%20encosternum%20delegorguei%20%28Hemiptera%3A%20Tessaratomidae%29%2C%20in%20South%20Africa%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ci%3EMay%202014%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DHXHGAJNP%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20life%20history%2C%20use%20and%20socio-economics%20of%20the%20edible%20stinkbug%20encosternum%20delegorguei%20%28Hemiptera%3A%20Tessaratomidae%29%2C%20in%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Catherine%20Maria%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dzerefos%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Catherine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maria%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22A%20thesis%20submitted%20to%20the%20Faculty%20of%20Science%2C%20University%20of%20the%20Witwatersrand%2C%20Johannesburg%2C%20in%20fulfilment%20of%20the%20requirements%20for%20the%20degree%20of%20Doctor%20of%20Philosophy.%20Johannesburg%2C%202014.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A56%3A58Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22AP9NF2EB%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Eby%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EEby%2C%20S.%2C%20Burkepile%2C%20D.%20E.%2C%20Fynn%2C%20R.%20W.%2C%20Burns%2C%20C.%20E.%2C%20Govender%2C%20N.%2C%20Hagenah%2C%20N.%2C%20Koerner%2C%20S.%20E.%2C%20Matchett%2C%20K.%20J.%2C%20Thompson%2C%20D.%20I.%2C%20Wilcox%2C%20K.%20R.%2C%20Collins%2C%20S.%20L.%2C%20Kirkman%2C%20K.%20P.%2C%20Knapp%2C%20A.%20K.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Smith%2C%20M.%20D.%20%282014%29.%20Loss%20of%20a%20large%20grazer%20impacts%20savanna%20grassland%20plant%5Cncommunities%20similarly%20in%20North%20America%20and%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EOecologia%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E175%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20293%26%23×2013%3B303.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DAP9NF2EB%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Loss%20of%20a%20large%20grazer%20impacts%20savanna%20grassland%20plant%5Cncommunities%20similarly%20in%20North%20America%20and%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stephanie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Eby%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Deron%20E%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Burkepile%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Richard%20WS%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fynn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Catherine%20E%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Burns%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Navashni%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Govender%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicole%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hagenah%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sally%20E%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Koerner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Katherine%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Matchett%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dave%20I%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thompson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kevin%20R%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wilcox%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Scott%20L%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Collins%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kevin%20P%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kirkman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alan%20K%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Knapp%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Melinda%20D%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Smith%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22arge%20herbivore%20grazing%20is%20a%20widespread%20disturbance%5Cnin%20mesic%20savanna%20grasslands%20which%20increases%20herbaceous%20plant%20community%20richness%20and%20diversity.%20However%2C%20humans%20are%20modifying%20the%20impacts%20of%20grazing%20on%20these%20ecosystems%20by%20removing%20grazers.%20A%20more%20general%20understanding%20of%20how%20grazer%20loss%20will%20impact%20these%20ecosystems%20is%20hampered%20by%20differences%20in%20the%20diversity%20of%20large%20herbivore%20assemblages%20among%20savanna%20grasslands%2C%20which%20can%20affect%20the%20way%20that%20grazing%20influences%20plant%20communities.%20To%20avoid%20this%20we%20used%20two%20unique%20enclosures%20each%20containing%20a%20single%2C%20functionally%20similar%20large%20herbivore%20species.%20Specifically%2C%20we%20studied%20a%20bison%20%28Bos%20bison%29%20enclosure%20at%20Konza%20Prairie%20Biological%20Station%2C%20USA%20and%20an%20African%20buffalo%20%28Syncerus%20caffer%29%20enclosure%20in%20Kruger%20National%20Park%2C%20South%20Africa.%20Within%20these%20enclosures%20we%20erected%20exclosures%20in%20annually%20burned%20and%20unburned%20sites%20to%20determine%20how%20grazer%20loss%20would%20impact%20herbaceous%20plant%20communities%2C%20while%20controlling%20for%20potential%20fire-grazing%20interactions.%20At%20both%20sites%2C%20removal%20of%20the%20only%20grazer%20decreased%20grass%20and%20forb%20richness%2C%20evenness%20and%20diversity%2C%20over%20time.%20However%2C%20in%20Kruger%20these%20changes%20only%20occurred%20with%20burning.%20At%20both%20sites%2C%20changes%20in%20plant%20communities%20were%20driven%20by%20increased%20dominance%20with%20herbivore%20exclusion.%20At%20Konza%2C%20this%20was%20caused%20by%20increased%20abundance%20of%20one%20grass%20species%2C%20Andropogon%20gerardii%2C%20while%20at%20Kruger%2C%20three%20grasses%2C%20Themeda%20triandra%2C%20Panicum%20coloratum%2C%20and%20Digitaria%20eriantha%20increased%20in%20abundance.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%228VPML3VD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-06-22T08%3A11%3A41Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2298EHSHG4%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Eby%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EEby%2C%20S.%2C%20Burkepile%2C%20D.%20E.%2C%20Fynn%2C%20R.%20W.%20S.%2C%20Burns%2C%20C.%20E.%2C%20Govender%2C%20N.%2C%20Hagenah%2C%20N.%2C%20Koerner%2C%20S.%20E.%2C%20Matchett%2C%20K.%20J.%2C%20Thompson%2C%20D.%20I.%2C%20Wilcox%2C%20K.%20R.%2C%20Collins%2C%20S.%20L.%2C%20Kirkman%2C%20K.%20P.%2C%20Knapp%2C%20A.%20K.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Smith%2C%20M.%20D.%20%282014%29.%20Loss%20of%20a%20large%20grazer%20impacts%20savanna%20grassland%20plant%20communities%20similarly%20in%20North%20America%20and%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EOecologia%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E175%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%20293%26%23×2013%3B303.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00442-014-2895-9%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00442-014-2895-9%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D98EHSHG4%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Loss%20of%20a%20large%20grazer%20impacts%20savanna%20grassland%20plant%20communities%20similarly%20in%20North%20America%20and%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stephanie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Eby%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Deron%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Burkepile%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Richard%20W.S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fynn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Catherine%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Burns%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Navashni%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Govender%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicole%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hagenah%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sally%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Koerner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Katherine%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Matchett%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dave%20I.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thompson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kevin%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wilcox%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Scott%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Collins%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kevin%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kirkman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alan%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Knapp%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Melinda%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Smith%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Large%20herbivore%20grazing%20is%20a%20widespread%20disturbance%20in%20mesic%20savanna%20grasslands%20which%20increases%20herbaceous%20plant%20community%20richness%20and%20diversity.%20However%2C%20humans%20are%20modifying%20the%20impacts%20of%20grazing%20on%20these%20ecosystems%20by%20removing%20grazers.%20A%20more%20general%20understanding%20of%20how%20grazer%20loss%20will%20impact%20these%20ecosystems%20is%20hampered%20by%20differences%20in%20the%20diversity%20of%20large%20herbivore%20assemblages%20among%20savanna%20grasslands%2C%20which%20can%20affect%20the%20way%20that%20grazing%20influences%20plant%20communities.%20To%20avoid%20this%20we%20used%20two%20unique%20enclosures%20each%20containing%20a%20single%2C%20functionally%20similar%20large%20herbivore%20species.%20Specifically%2C%20we%20studied%20a%20bison%20%28Bos%20bison%29%20enclosure%20at%20Konza%20Prairie%20Biological%20Station%2C%20USA%20and%20an%20African%20buffalo%20%28Syncerus%20caffer%29%20enclosure%20in%20Kruger%20National%20Park%2C%20South%20Africa.%20Within%20these%20enclosures%20we%20erected%20exclosures%20in%20annually%20burned%20and%20unburned%20sites%20to%20determine%20how%20grazer%20loss%20would%20impact%20herbaceous%20plant%20communities%2C%20while%20controlling%20for%20potential%20fire-grazing%20interactions.%20At%20both%20sites%2C%20removal%20of%20the%20only%20grazer%20decreased%20grass%20and%20forb%20richness%2C%20evenness%20and%20diversity%2C%20over%20time.%20However%2C%20in%20Kruger%20these%20changes%20only%20occurred%20with%20burning.%20At%20both%20sites%2C%20changes%20in%20plant%20communities%20were%20driven%20by%20increased%20dominance%20with%20herbivore%20exclusion.%20At%20Konza%2C%20this%20was%20caused%20by%20increased%20abundance%20of%20one%20grass%20species%2C%20Andropogon%20gerardii%2C%20while%20at%20Kruger%2C%20three%20grasses%2C%20Themeda%20triandra%2C%20Panicum%20coloratum%2C%20and%20Digitaria%20eriantha%20increased%20in%20abundance.%20%5Cu00a9%202014%20Springer-Verlag%20Berlin%20Heidelberg.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs00442-014-2895-9%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2200298549%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A57%3A14Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22WMXB2K8S%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Eby%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EEby%2C%20S.%2C%20Burkepile%2C%20D.%20E.%2C%20Fynn%2C%20R.%20W.%20S.%2C%20Burns%2C%20C.%20E.%2C%20Govender%2C%20N.%2C%20Hagenah%2C%20N.%2C%20Koerner%2C%20S.%20E.%2C%20Matchett%2C%20K.%20J.%2C%20Thompson%2C%20D.%20I.%2C%20Wilcox%2C%20K.%20R.%2C%20Collins%2C%20S.%20L.%2C%20Kirkman%2C%20K.%20P.%2C%20Knapp%2C%20A.%20K.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Smith%2C%20M.%20D.%20%282014%29.%20Loss%20of%20a%20large%20grazer%20impacts%20savanna%20grassland%20plant%20communities%20similarly%20in%20North%20America%20and%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EOecologia%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E175%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%20293%26%23×2013%3B303.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00442-014-2895-9%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00442-014-2895-9%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DWMXB2K8S%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Loss%20of%20a%20large%20grazer%20impacts%20savanna%20grassland%20plant%20communities%20similarly%20in%20North%20America%20and%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stephanie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Eby%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Deron%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Burkepile%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Richard%20W.S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fynn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Catherine%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Burns%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Navashni%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Govender%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicole%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hagenah%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sally%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Koerner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Katherine%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Matchett%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dave%20I.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thompson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kevin%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wilcox%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Scott%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Collins%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kevin%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kirkman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alan%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Knapp%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Melinda%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Smith%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Large%20herbivore%20grazing%20is%20a%20widespread%20disturbance%20in%20mesic%20savanna%20grasslands%20which%20increases%20herbaceous%20plant%20community%20richness%20and%20diversity.%20However%2C%20humans%20are%20modifying%20the%20impacts%20of%20grazing%20on%20these%20ecosystems%20by%20removing%20grazers.%20A%20more%20general%20understanding%20of%20how%20grazer%20loss%20will%20impact%20these%20ecosystems%20is%20hampered%20by%20differences%20in%20the%20diversity%20of%20large%20herbivore%20assemblages%20among%20savanna%20grasslands%2C%20which%20can%20affect%20the%20way%20that%20grazing%20influences%20plant%20communities.%20To%20avoid%20this%20we%20used%20two%20unique%20enclosures%20each%20containing%20a%20single%2C%20functionally%20similar%20large%20herbivore%20species.%20Specifically%2C%20we%20studied%20a%20bison%20%28Bos%20bison%29%20enclosure%20at%20Konza%20Prairie%20Biological%20Station%2C%20USA%20and%20an%20African%20buffalo%20%28Syncerus%20caffer%29%20enclosure%20in%20Kruger%20National%20Park%2C%20South%20Africa.%20Within%20these%20enclosures%20we%20erected%20exclosures%20in%20annually%20burned%20and%20unburned%20sites%20to%20determine%20how%20grazer%20loss%20would%20impact%20herbaceous%20plant%20communities%2C%20while%20controlling%20for%20potential%20fire-grazing%20interactions.%20At%20both%20sites%2C%20removal%20of%20the%20only%20grazer%20decreased%20grass%20and%20forb%20richness%2C%20evenness%20and%20diversity%2C%20over%20time.%20However%2C%20in%20Kruger%20these%20changes%20only%20occurred%20with%20burning.%20At%20both%20sites%2C%20changes%20in%20plant%20communities%20were%20driven%20by%20increased%20dominance%20with%20herbivore%20exclusion.%20At%20Konza%2C%20this%20was%20caused%20by%20increased%20abundance%20of%20one%20grass%20species%2C%20Andropogon%20gerardii%2C%20while%20at%20Kruger%2C%20three%20grasses%2C%20Themeda%20triandra%2C%20Panicum%20coloratum%2C%20and%20Digitaria%20eriantha%20increased%20in%20abundance.%20%5Cu00a9%202014%20Springer-Verlag%20Berlin%20Heidelberg.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs00442-014-2895-9%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2200298549%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A57%3A14Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22YHUK29I2%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ecology%20and%20Nov%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EEcology%2C%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Nov%2C%20N.%20%282014%29.%20%3Ci%3EDrought%20Effects%20on%20a%20Semidesert%20Grassland%20Range%20Author%20%28%20s%20%29%3A%20Carlton%20H%20.%20Herbel%20%2C%20Fred%20N%20.%20Ares%20and%20Robert%20A%20.%20Wright%20Published%20by%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20Ecological%20Society%20of%20America%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ci%3E53%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%286%29%2C%201084%26%23×2013%3B1093.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DYHUK29I2%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Drought%20Effects%20on%20a%20Semidesert%20Grassland%20Range%20Author%20%28%20s%20%29%3A%20Carlton%20H%20.%20Herbel%20%2C%20Fred%20N%20.%20Ares%20and%20Robert%20A%20.%20Wright%20Published%20by%20%3A%20Ecological%20Society%20of%20America%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Source%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ecology%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22No%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nov%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A09%3A14Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%227JIGNC93%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Egeru%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EEgeru%2C%20A.%20S.%20%282014%29.%20Rural%20Households%26%23×2019%3B%20Fuelwood%20Demand%20Determinants%20In%20Dryland%20Areas%20of%20Eastern%20Uganda.%20%3Ci%3EEnergy%20Sources%2C%20Part%20B%3A%20Economics%2C%20Planning%2C%20and%20Policy%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E9%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%2039%26%23×2013%3B45.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F15567241003716688%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F15567241003716688%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D7JIGNC93%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Rural%20Households%27%20Fuelwood%20Demand%20Determinants%20In%20Dryland%20Areas%20of%20Eastern%20Uganda%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Egeru%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Fuelwood%20is%20the%20primary%20source%20of%20household%20energy%20in%20rural%20areas%20of%20Uganda.%20Findings%20show%20that%2098.8%25%20of%20the%20households%20use%20fuelwood%20for%20cooking%20and%20preserving%20food%20with%20a%20per%20capita%20consumption%20of%20542.32%20kg%20with%20a%20preference%20for%20acacia%20tree%20species.%20Further%2C%20expenditure%20on%20food%20per%20week%2C%20household%20size%2C%20expenditure%20on%20charcoal%2C%20price%20of%20fuelwood%20and%20household%20income%20are%20the%20key%20determinants%20of%20fuelwood%20demand%20while%20distance%20covered%20by%20the%20household%20members%20to%20collect%20fuelwood%2C%20age%2C%20and%20sex%20of%20household%20head%20were%20not%20statistically%20significant%20%28P%20%5C%5Ctextless%200.05%29.%20In%20terms%20of%20elasticity%2C%20price%20of%20fuelwood%2C%20distance%20covered%20to%20collect%20fuelwood%2C%20collection%20by%20adult%20females%2C%20and%20expenditure%20on%20charcoal%20posted%20negative%20elasticities%20while%20household%20size%20and%20weekly%20food%20expenditure%20posted%20positive%20elasticities.%20Therefore%2C%20household%20characteristics%20are%20important%20determinants%20of%20fuelwood%20demand%20while%20the%20elasticity%20coefficients%20in%20this%20study%20are%20stronger%20than%20those%20reported%20in%20other%20studies%20elsewhere.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014-01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1080%5C%2F15567241003716688%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221556-7249%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F15567241003716688%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A14%3A49Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22NELQWVSC%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Elavarthi%20S%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EElavarthi%20S%2C%20M.%20C.%20%282014%29.%20Rangelands%20as%20Carbon%20Sinks%20to%20Mitigate%20Climate%20Change%3A%20A%20Review.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Earth%20Science%20%26amp%3B%20Climatic%20Change%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E05%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2808%29.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.4172%5C%2F2157-7617.1000221%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.4172%5C%2F2157-7617.1000221%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DNELQWVSC%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Rangelands%20as%20Carbon%20Sinks%20to%20Mitigate%20Climate%20Change%3A%20A%20Review%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22McDermot%20C%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Elavarthi%20S%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Rangelands%20cover%20large%20areas%20in%20the%20United%20States%20and%20across%20the%20world%20and%20are%20natural%20carbon%20sinks%20which%20if%20properly%20managed%20and%20maintained%20can%20sequester%20substantial%20amounts%20of%20atmospheric%20carbon%20dioxide%20in%20the%20form%20of%20soil%20organic%20carbon%20and%20mitigate%20climate%20change.%20Varied%20climatic%20conditions%20impact%20carbon%20sequestration%20at%20the%20arid%20and%20semi-arid%20ecological%20sites%20on%20rangelands.%20Best%20management%20practices%2C%20site-specific%20policies%20and%20technological%20options%20are%20important%20approaches%20to%20manage%20these%20ecosystems%20to%20mitigate%20the%20impact%20of%20current%20climate%20variations.%20There%20are%20a%20number%20of%20co-benefits%20associated%20with%20management%20of%20rangelands%20for%20carbon%20storage%2C%20these%20include%3B%20improve%20soil%20quality%20and%20resilience%2C%20agronomic%20productivity%2C%20advancing%20global%20food%20security%20and%20restoring%20ecosystem%20diversity.%20Also%2C%20the%20non-equilibrium%20model%20is%20proposed%20for%20use%20on%20these%20xeric%20sites%20of%20rangelands%20since%20it%20better%20reflects%20the%20ecological%20dynamics%20that%20impact%20carbon%20sequestration%20and%20as%20such%20policies%20should%20be%20embodied%20this%20understanding.%20More%20studies%20are%20needed%20on%20the%20ecological%20dynamics%2C%20and%20factors%20that%20affect%20soil%20carbon%20sequestration%20process%20and%20mechanisms%20on%20arid%20and%20semi-arid%20environments%20as%20well%20as%20the%20soil%20organic%20carbon%20residence%20time%20so%20as%20to%20better%20our%20understanding%20of%20these%20regions.%20The%20voluntary%20carbon%20market%20was%20a%20good%20approach%20for%20stimulating%20carbon%20sequestration%20on%20rangelands%2C%20however%20the%20causes%20of%20failure%20should%20be%20revisited%2C%20addressed%20and%20necessary%20amendment%20to%20policies%20made%20that%20will%20be%20the%20driving%20force%20towards%20environment%20restoration%20and%20conservation.%20Some%20of%20the%20obvious%20challenges%20and%20opportunities%20with%20regards%20to%20efficient%20use%20of%20rangelands%20as%20carbon%20sinks%20to%20mitigate%20as%20well%20as%20adapt%20to%20climate%20change%20are%20discussed%20in%20this%20paper.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.4172%5C%2F2157-7617.1000221%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A59%3A03Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%229Z84GBYS%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Fazio%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFazio%2C%20S.%20%282014%29.%20The%20Impacts%20of%20African%20Elephant%20%28Loxodonta%20africana%29%20on%20Biodiversity%20within%20Protected%20Areas%20of%20Africa%20and%20a%20Review%20of%20Management%20Options.%20%3Ci%3EHonors%20Projects.%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%2023.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fscholarworks.gvsu.edu%5C%2Fhonorsprojects%5C%2F271%7B%5C%5C%25%7D5Cr%27%3Ehttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fscholarworks.gvsu.edu%5C%2Fhonorsprojects%5C%2F271%7B%5C%5C%25%7D5Cr%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D9Z84GBYS%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20Impacts%20of%20African%20Elephant%20%28Loxodonta%20africana%29%20on%20Biodiversity%20within%20Protected%20Areas%20of%20Africa%20and%20a%20Review%20of%20Management%20Options%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Shelby%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fazio%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fscholarworks.gvsu.edu%5C%2Fhonorsprojects%5C%2F271%7B%5C%5C%25%7D5Cr%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A45%3A25Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22SRJQH7UB%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ferraro%20and%20Hanauer%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFerraro%2C%20P.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Hanauer%2C%20M.%20M.%20%282014%29.%20Quantifying%20causal%20mechanisms%20to%20determine%20how%20protected%20areas%20affect%20poverty%20through%20changes%20in%20ecosystem%20services%20and%20infrastructure.%20%3Ci%3EProceedings%20of%20the%20National%20Academy%20of%20Sciences%20of%20the%20United%20States%20of%20America%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E111%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2811%29%2C%204332%26%23×2013%3B4337.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1073%5C%2Fpnas.1307712111%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1073%5C%2Fpnas.1307712111%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DSRJQH7UB%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Quantifying%20causal%20mechanisms%20to%20determine%20how%20protected%20areas%20affect%20poverty%20through%20changes%20in%20ecosystem%20services%20and%20infrastructure%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paul%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ferraro%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Merlin%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hanauer%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22To%20develop%20effective%20environmental%20policies%2C%20we%20must%20understand%20the%20mechanisms%20through%20which%20the%20policies%20affect%20social%20and%20environmental%20outcomes.%20Unfortunately%2C%20empirical%20evidence%20about%20these%20mechanisms%20is%20limited%2C%20and%20little%20guidance%20for%20quantifying%20them%20exists.%20We%20develop%20an%20approach%20to%20quantifying%20the%20mechanisms%20through%20which%20protected%20areas%20affect%20poverty.%20We%20focus%20on%20three%20mechanisms%3A%20changes%20in%20tourism%20and%20recreational%20services%3B%20changes%20in%20infrastructure%20in%20the%20form%20of%20road%20networks%2C%20health%20clinics%2C%20and%20schools%3B%20and%20changes%20in%20regulating%20and%20provisioning%20ecosystem%20services%20and%20foregone%20production%20activities%20that%20arise%20from%20landuse%20restrictions.%20The%20contributions%20of%20ecotourism%20and%20other%20ecosystem%20services%20to%20poverty%20alleviation%20in%20the%20context%20of%20a%20real%20environmental%20program%20have%20not%20yet%20been%20empirically%20estimated.%20Nearly%20two-thirds%20of%20the%20poverty%20reduction%20associated%20with%20the%20establishment%20of%20Costa%20Rican%20protected%20areas%20is%20causally%20attributable%20to%20opportunities%20afforded%20by%20tourism.%20Although%20protected%20areas%20reduced%20deforestation%20and%20increased%20regrowth%2C%20these%20land%20cover%20changes%20neither%20reduced%20nor%20exacerbated%20poverty%2C%20on%20average.%20Protected%20areas%20did%20not%2C%20on%20average%2C%20affect%20our%20measures%20of%20infrastructure%20and%20thus%20did%20not%20contribute%20to%20poverty%20reduction%20through%20this%20mechanism.%20We%20attribute%20the%20remaining%20poverty%20reduction%20to%20unobserved%20dimensions%20of%20our%20mechanisms%20or%20to%20other%20mechanisms.%20Our%20study%20empirically%20estimates%20previously%20unidentified%20contributions%20of%20ecotourism%20and%20other%20ecosystem%20services%20to%20poverty%20alleviation%20in%20the%20context%20of%20a%20real%20environmental%20program.%20We%20demonstrate%20that%2C%20with%20existing%20data%20and%20appropriate%20empirical%20methods%2C%20conservation%20scientists%20and%20policymakers%20can%20begin%20to%20elucidate%20the%20mechanisms%20through%20which%20ecosystem%20conservation%20programs%20affect%20human%20welfare.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1073%5C%2Fpnas.1307712111%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2210916490%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A53%3A04Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22LJ5F99BT%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Fisher%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFisher%2C%20J.%20T.%2C%20Erasmus%2C%20B.%20F.%20N.%2C%20Witkowski%2C%20E.%20T.%20F.%2C%20van%20Aardt%2C%20J.%2C%20Asner%2C%20G.%20P.%2C%20Wessels%2C%20K.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Mathieu%2C%20R.%20%282014%29.%20Management%20approaches%20of%20conservation%20areas%3A%20Differences%20in%20woody%20vegetation%20structure%20in%20a%20private%20and%20a%20national%20reserve.%20%3Ci%3ESouth%20African%20Journal%20of%20Botany%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E90%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20146%26%23×2013%3B152.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.sajb.2013.10.016%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.sajb.2013.10.016%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DLJ5F99BT%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Management%20approaches%20of%20conservation%20areas%3A%20Differences%20in%20woody%20vegetation%20structure%20in%20a%20private%20and%20a%20national%20reserve%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fisher%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%20F.N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Erasmus%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%20T.F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Witkowski%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22van%20Aardt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Asner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wessels%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mathieu%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Management%20approaches%20taken%20in%20protected%20areas%20will%20affect%20their%20ability%20and%20effectiveness%20to%20conserve%20biodiversity.%20MalaMala%20%28a%20concession%20within%20Sabi%20Sand%20Wildtuin%2C%20a%20private%20game%20reserve%29%2C%20and%20an%20adjacent%20area%20in%20the%20Kruger%20National%20Park%20%28Kruger%2C%20statutory%20protected%20area%29%20in%20South%20Africa%20provide%20a%20comparison%20of%20different%20types%20of%20conservation%20management.%20We%20measured%20three-dimensional%20woody%20vegetation%20structure%2C%20as%20an%20integral%20component%20of%20biodiversity%2C%20across%206200.%20ha%20in%20the%20two%20reserves%20using%20a%20LiDAR%20%28Light-Detection-and-Ranging%29%20sensor.%20We%20compared%20how%20different%20management%20approaches%20in%20the%20two%20reserves%20affected%20woody%20structural%20diversity.%20Vertical%20canopy%20diversity%20was%20measured%20using%3A%20i%29%20percent%20cover%20of%20woody%20vegetation%20extracted%20from%20LiDAR%20canopy%20height%20models%2C%20ii%29%20a%20volumetric%20pixel%20%28voxel%29%20approach%20to%20extract%203D%20vertical%20canopy-height%20profiles%3B%20and%20iii%29%20horizontal%20diversity%20using%20landscape%20metrics.%20MalaMala%20had%20higher%20vegetation%20density%20than%20Kruger%20in%20the%20%5C%5Ctextless.%203.%20m%20%282.5%20times%29%20and%20%5C%5Ctextgreater.%206.%20m%20%282.7%20times%29%20height%20classes.%20This%20vegetation%20was%20in%20the%20form%20of%20larger%2C%20more%20cohesive%20patches%20as%20a%20result%20of%20the%20legacy%20of%20previous%20land-use%20%28cattle%20ranching%29%20and%20current%20management%20practices%20%28bush%20clearing%29%20and%20the%20recent%20increase%20in%20megaherbivores.%20Length%20of%20exposure%20to%2C%20and%20recent%20higher%20densities%20of%2C%20megaherbivores%20%28particularly%20elephants%29%20has%20altered%20the%20density%20of%20tall%20trees%20in%20the%20two%20reserves%2C%20thus%20affecting%20structural%20heterogeneity%20and%20associated%20habitat%20options%20for%20small-bodied%20vertebrates.%20These%20differences%20in%20vegetation%20structure%20are%20exacerbated%20by%20current%20management%20practices%20%28e.g.%20bush-clearing%20and%20fire%20regime%29%2C%20with%20potential%20implications%20for%20faunal%20biodiversity%20conservation%20across%20a%20wide%20range%20of%20scales.%20%5Cu00a9%202013%20South%20African%20Association%20of%20Botanists.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.sajb.2013.10.016%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2202546299%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.sajb.2013.10.016%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A44%3A05Z%22%7D%7D%5D%7D
Aarde, R. V. (2014). A Meta-Analysis Savanna. 72(4), 892–899. Cite

Ackerly, D., Stock, W. D., & Slingsby, J. (2014). Geography, climate, and biodiversity: the history and future of Mediterranean-type ecosystems. In N. Allsopp, J. F. Colville, & G. A. Verboom (Eds.), Fynbos: Ecology, Evolution and Conservation in a Megadiverse Region. Oxford University Press. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/ecuworkspost2013/710/ Cite

Addo-Bediako, A., Marr, S. M., Jooste, A., & Luus-Powell, W. J. (2014). Human health risk assessment for silver catfish Schilbe intermedius Rüppell, 1832, From two impoundments in the Olifants River, Limpopo, South Africa. Water SA, 40(4), 607–614. https://doi.org/10.4314/wsa.v40i4.5 Cite

Allan, E., Bossdorf, O., Dormann, C. F., Prati, D., Gossner, M. M., Tscharntke, T., Blüthgen, N., Bellach, M., Birkhofer, K., Boch, S., Böhm, S., Börschig, C., Chatzinotas, A., Christ, S., Daniel, R., Diekötter, T., Fischer, C., Friedl, T., Glaser, K., … Fischer, M. (2014). Interannual variation in land-use intensity enhances grassland multidiversity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 111(1), 308–313. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1312213111 Cite

Allsopp, N., Colville, J. F., & Anthony Verboom, G. (2014). Fynbos: Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation of a Megadiverse Region. Oxford University Press. https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=PlBuBAAAQBAJ Cite

Anderson, B., Allsopp, N., Ellis, A. G., & others. (2014). Biotic interactions. Fynbos. https://scholar.google.ca/scholar?cluster=4884488087449056042&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5&sciodt=0,5 Cite

Arnold, S. G., Anderson, T. M., & Holdo, R. M. (2014). Edaphic, Nutritive, and Species Assemblage Differences between Hotspots and Matrix Vegetation: Two African Case Studies. Biotropica, 46(4), 387–394. https://doi.org/10.1111/btp.12116 Cite

Aronson, J., Murcia, C., Kattan, G. H., Moreno-Mateos, D., Dixon, K., & Simberloff, D. (2014). The road to confusion is paved with novel ecosystem labels: A reply to Hobbs et al. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 29(12), 646–647. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2014.09.011 Cite

Barbosa, E. R. M., van Langevelde, F., Tomlinson, K. W., Carvalheiro, L. G., Kirkman, K., de Bie, S., & Prins, H. H. T. (2014). Tree species from different functional groups respond differently to environmental changes during establishment. Oecologia, 174(4), 1345–1357. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-013-2853-y Cite

Barbosa, E. R. M., Tomlinson, K. W., Carvalheiro, L. G., Kirkman, K., De Bie, S., Prins, H. H. T., & Van Langevelde, F. (2014). Short-term effect of nutrient availability and rainfall distribution on biomass production and leaf nutrient content of savanna tree species. PLoS ONE, 9(3). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0092619 Cite

Barbosa, E. R. M., Tomlinson, K. W., Carvalheiro, L. G., Kirkman, K., & de Bie, S. (2014). Short-term effect of nutrient availability and rainfall distribution on biomass production and leaf nutrient content of savanna tree species. PloS One, 9(3), 9. Cite

Bates, A. E., Barrett, N. S., Stuart-Smith, R. D., Holbrook, N. J., Thompson, P. A., & Edgar, G. J. (2014). Resilience and signatures of tropicalization in protected reef fish communities. Nature Climate Change, 4(1), 62–67. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2062 Cite

Bernard, A. T. F., Götz, A., Parker, D., Heyns, E. R., Halse, S. J., Riddin, N. A., Smith, M. K. S., Paterson, A. W., Winker, H., Fullwood, L., Langlois, T. J., & Harvey, E. S. (2014). New possibilities for research on reef fish across the continental shelf of South Africa. South African Journal of Science, 110(9/10), 5–5. https://doi.org/10.1590/sajs.2014/a0079 Cite

Blaser, W. J., Shanungu, G. K., Edwards, P. J., & Olde Venterink, H. (2014). Woody encroachment reduces nutrient limitation and promotes soil carbon sequestration. Ecology and Evolution, 4(8), 1423–1438. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1024 Cite

Bouchenak-Khelladi, Y., Slingsby, J. A., Verboom, G. A., & Bond, W. J. (2014). Diversification of C(4) grasses (Poaceae) does not coincide with their ecological dominance. Am. J. Bot., 101(2), 300–307. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1300439 Cite

Buitenwerf, R., Kulmatiski, A., & Higgins, S. I. (2014). Soil water retention curves for the major soil types of the kruger national park. Koedoe, 56(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v56i1.1228 Cite

Button, J. W. (2014). Appendix 1. Blacks and Social Change, 56(1), 243–254. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400860555.243 Cite

CAC. (2014). Economic Contribution. November, 240. http://www.cement.ca/en/Economic-Contribution.html Cite

Carbutt, C., & Martindale, G. (2014). Temperate indigenous grassland gains in South Africa: Lessons being learned in a developing country. Parks, 20(1), 105–125. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.CH.2014.PARKS-20-1.CC.en Cite

Coetzee, B. W. T., Gaston, K. J., & Chown, S. L. (2014). Local scale comparisons of biodiversity as a test for global protected area ecological performance: A meta-analysis. PLoS ONE, 9(8). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0105824 Cite

Coetzer, K. L., Witkowski, E. T. F., & Erasmus, B. F. N. (2014). Reviewing Biosphere Reserves globally: Effective conservation action or bureaucratic label? Biological Reviews, 89(1), 82–104. https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12044 Cite

Colgan, M. S., Swemmer, T., & Asner, G. P. (2014). Structural relationships between form factor, wood density, and biomass in African savanna woodlands. Trees – Structure and Function, 28(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-013-0932-7 Cite

Colgan, M. S., Swemmer, T., & Asner, G. P. (2014). Structural relationships between form factor, wood density, and biomass in African savanna woodlands. Trees – Structure and Function, 28(1), 91–102. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-013-0932-7 Cite

Colgan, M. S., Swemmer, T., & Asner, G. P. (2014). Structural relationships between form factor, wood density, and biomass in African savanna woodlands. Trees – Structure and Function, 28(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-013-0932-7 Cite

Collins, C., Hermes, J. C., & Reason, C. J. C. (2014). Mesoscale activity in the Comoros Basin from satellite altimetry and a high-resolution ocean circulation model. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 119(8), 4745–4760. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JC010008 Cite

Costello, M. J., & Wieczorek, J. (2014). Best practice for biodiversity data management and publication. Biological Conservation, 173, 68–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2013.10.018 Cite

Costello, M. J., & Wieczorek, J. (2014). Best practice for biodiversity data management and publication. Biological Conservation, 173, 68–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2013.10.018 Cite

Cousins, S. R., Witkowski, E. T. F., & Pfab, M. F. (2014). Elucidating patterns in the population size structure and density of Aloe plicatilis, a tree aloe endemic to the Cape fynbos, South Africa. South African Journal of Botany, 90, 20–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2013.09.012 Cite

Cromsigt, J. P. G. M., & te Beest, M. (2014). Restoration of a megaherbivore: Landscape-level impacts of white rhinoceros in Kruger National Park, South Africa. Journal of Ecology, 102(3), 566–575. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12218 Cite

Crous, C. J., & Roets, F. (2014). Realising the value of continuous monitoring programmes for biodiversity conservation. South African Journal of Science, 110(11–12), 0–5. https://doi.org/10.1590/sajs.2014/a0083 Cite

Davis, A. L. V., Swemmer, A. M., Scholtz, C. H., Deschodt, C. M., & Tshikae, B. P. (2014). Roles of environmental variables and land usage as drivers of dung beetle assemblage structure in mopane woodland. Austral Ecology, 39(3). https://doi.org/10.1111/aec.12081 Cite

Davis, A. L. V., Swemmer, A. M., Scholtz, C. H., Deschodt, C. M., & Tshikae, B. P. (2014). Roles of environmental variables and land usage as drivers of dung beetle assemblage structure in mopane woodland. Austral Ecology, 39(3), 313–327. https://doi.org/10.1111/aec.12081 Cite

Davis, A. L. V., Swemmer, A. M., Scholtz, C. H., Deschodt, C. M., & Tshikae, B. P. (2014). Roles of environmental variables and land usage as drivers of dung beetle assemblage structure in mopane woodland. Austral Ecology, 39(3), 313–327. https://doi.org/10.1111/aec.12081 Cite

Davis, A. L. V., Swemmer, A. M., Scholtz, C. H., Deschodt, C. M., & Tshikae, B. P. (2014). Roles of environmental variables and land usage as drivers of dung beetle assemblage structure in mopane woodland. Austral Ecology, 39(3). https://doi.org/10.1111/aec.12081 Cite

de Paola, F., Giugni, M., Topa, M. E., & Bucchignani, E. (2014). Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) rainfall curves, for data series and climate projection in African cities. SpringerPlus, 3(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-1801-3-133 Cite

Dippenaar, M. A., & van Rooy, J. L. (2014). Review of engineering, hydrogeological and vadose zone hydrological aspects of the Lanseria Gneiss, Goudplaats-Hout River Gneiss and Nelspruit Suite Granite (South Africa). Journal of African Earth Sciences, 91, 12–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2013.11.019 Cite

Dlamini, P., Chivenge, P., Manson, A., & Chaplot, V. (2014). Land degradation impact on soil organic carbon and nitrogen stocks of sub-tropical humid grasslands in South Africa. Geoderma, 235–236, 372–381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2014.07.016 Cite

Dlamini, P., Chivenge, P., Manson, A., & Chaplot, V. (2014). Geoderma Land degradation impact on soil organic carbon and nitrogen stocks of sub-tropical humid grasslands in South Africa. 236, 372–381. Cite

Du Toit, J., & O’Connor, T. (2014). Changes in rainfall pattern in the eastern Karoo, South Africa,
over the past 123 years. Water SA, 40(3), 8. https://doi.org/10.4314/wsa.v40i3.8 Cite

Dzerefos, C. M., & Maria, C. (2014). The life history, use and socio-economics of the edible stinkbug encosternum delegorguei (Hemiptera: Tessaratomidae), in South Africa. May 2014. Cite

Eby, S., Burkepile, D. E., Fynn, R. W., Burns, C. E., Govender, N., Hagenah, N., Koerner, S. E., Matchett, K. J., Thompson, D. I., Wilcox, K. R., Collins, S. L., Kirkman, K. P., Knapp, A. K., & Smith, M. D. (2014). Loss of a large grazer impacts savanna grassland plant
communities similarly in North America and South Africa. Oecologia, 175, 293–303. Cite

Eby, S., Burkepile, D. E., Fynn, R. W. S., Burns, C. E., Govender, N., Hagenah, N., Koerner, S. E., Matchett, K. J., Thompson, D. I., Wilcox, K. R., Collins, S. L., Kirkman, K. P., Knapp, A. K., & Smith, M. D. (2014). Loss of a large grazer impacts savanna grassland plant communities similarly in North America and South Africa. Oecologia, 175(1), 293–303. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-014-2895-9 Cite

Eby, S., Burkepile, D. E., Fynn, R. W. S., Burns, C. E., Govender, N., Hagenah, N., Koerner, S. E., Matchett, K. J., Thompson, D. I., Wilcox, K. R., Collins, S. L., Kirkman, K. P., Knapp, A. K., & Smith, M. D. (2014). Loss of a large grazer impacts savanna grassland plant communities similarly in North America and South Africa. Oecologia, 175(1), 293–303. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-014-2895-9 Cite

Ecology, S., & Nov, N. (2014). Drought Effects on a Semidesert Grassland Range Author ( s ): Carlton H . Herbel , Fred N . Ares and Robert A . Wright Published by : Ecological Society of America. 53(6), 1084–1093. Cite

Egeru, A. S. (2014). Rural Households’ Fuelwood Demand Determinants In Dryland Areas of Eastern Uganda. Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy, 9(1), 39–45. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567241003716688 Cite

Elavarthi S, M. C. (2014). Rangelands as Carbon Sinks to Mitigate Climate Change: A Review. Journal of Earth Science & Climatic Change, 05(08). https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7617.1000221 Cite

Fazio, S. (2014). The Impacts of African Elephant (Loxodonta africana) on Biodiversity within Protected Areas of Africa and a Review of Management Options. Honors Projects., 23. http://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/honorsprojects/271{%}5Cr Cite

Ferraro, P. J., & Hanauer, M. M. (2014). Quantifying causal mechanisms to determine how protected areas affect poverty through changes in ecosystem services and infrastructure. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 111(11), 4332–4337. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1307712111 Cite

Fisher, J. T., Erasmus, B. F. N., Witkowski, E. T. F., van Aardt, J., Asner, G. P., Wessels, K. J., & Mathieu, R. (2014). Management approaches of conservation areas: Differences in woody vegetation structure in a private and a national reserve. South African Journal of Botany, 90, 146–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2013.10.016 Cite






2013
2592029
2013
items
1
0
author
asc
1
218
https://www.saeon.ac.za/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
%7B%22status%22%3A%22success%22%2C%22updateneeded%22%3Afalse%2C%22instance%22%3A%22zotpress-0cf3666617eb881d5679793903f75477%22%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22request_last%22%3A100%2C%22request_next%22%3A50%2C%22used_cache%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22data%22%3A%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%22MMUUWYK2%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Allsopp%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013-04-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAllsopp%2C%20N.%20%282013%29.%20Adaptive%20management%20for%20complex%20communal%20rangelands%20in%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3ENull%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E30%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%26%23×2013%3B2%29%2C%2065%26%23×2013%3B69.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F10220119.2013.781062%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F10220119.2013.781062%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DMMUUWYK2%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Adaptive%20management%20for%20complex%20communal%20rangelands%20in%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicky%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Allsopp%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Many%20of%20the%20intransigent%20problems%20facing%20the%20world%20arise%20in%20complex%5Cnsystems.%20In%20this%20paper%2C%20I%20propose%20that%20communal%20rangelands%20in%20South%20Africa%5Cnbe%20recognised%20as%20complex%20social%3Fecological%20systems%20and%20that%20one%20of%20the%5Cnreasons%20that%20development%20initiatives%20have%20had%20little%20impact%20on%20improving%5Cnlivelihoods%20and%20rangeland%20condition%20is%20that%20interventions%20have%20been%20based%5Cnon%20reductionist%20thinking%20that%20has%20failed%20to%20recognise%20non-linearities%20and%5Cnuncertainties%20in%20the%20system.%20This%20complexity%20resides%20in%20ecological%2C%20social%5Cnand%20economic%20components%20of%20the%20system%2C%20and%20is%20characterised%20by%20dynamics%5Cnoperating%20at%20different%20scales%20within%20and%20beyond%20the%20boundaries%20of%20the%5Cnrangelands.%20People%20and%20the%20environment%20are%20vulnerable%20to%20change%20in%20these%5Cnsystems%20from%20factors%20such%20as%20changing%20climate%2C%20economics%2C%20governance%5Cnarrangements%2C%20as%20well%20as%20disasters.%20Policy%20that%20promotes%20adaptability%20and%5Cnresilience%2C%20and%20is%20itself%20responsive%20to%20changing%20dynamics%2C%20should%20be%5Cnsought.%20Complex%20systems%20modelling%20with%20an%20inclusive%20group%20of%20stakeholders%5Cnholds%20potential%20for%20realising%20such%20policy.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22April%201%2C%202013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.2989%5C%2F10220119.2013.781062%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221022-0119%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F10220119.2013.781062%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22UUZBHCVC%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-10-22T11%3A16%3A30Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22U344X3AK%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Almeida%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAlmeida%2C%20J.%2C%20Dos%20Santos%2C%20J.%20A.%2C%20Alberton%2C%20B.%20C.%2C%20Morellato%2C%20L.%20P.%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Da%20S.%20Torres%2C%20R.%20%282013%29.%20Visual%20rhythm-based%20time%20series%20analysis%20for%20phenology%20studies.%20%3Ci%3E2013%20IEEE%20International%20Conference%20on%20Image%20Processing%2C%20ICIP%202013%20-%20Proceedings%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3ESeptember%202013%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%204412%26%23×2013%3B4416.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1109%5C%2FICIP.2013.6738909%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1109%5C%2FICIP.2013.6738909%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DU344X3AK%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Visual%20rhythm-based%20time%20series%20analysis%20for%20phenology%20studies%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jurandy%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Almeida%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jefersson%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dos%20Santos%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bruna%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Alberton%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Leonor%20Patricia%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Morellato%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ricardo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Da%20S.%20Torres%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Plant%20phenology%20has%20gained%20importance%20in%20the%20context%20of%20global%20change%20research%2C%20stimulating%20the%20development%20of%20new%20technologies%20for%20phenological%20observation.%20In%20this%20context%2C%20digital%20cameras%20have%20been%20successfully%20used%20as%20multi-channel%20imaging%20sensors%2C%20providing%20measures%20to%20estimate%20changes%20on%20phenological%20events%2C%20such%20as%20leaf%20flushing%20and%20senescence.%20We%20monitored%20leaf-changing%20patterns%20of%20a%20cerrado-savanna%20vegetation%20by%20taken%20daily%20digital%20images.%20For%20that%2C%20we%20extract%20leaf%20color%20information%20and%20correlated%20with%20phenological%20changes.%20In%20this%20way%2C%20time%20series%20associated%20with%20plant%20species%20are%20obtained%2C%20raising%20the%20need%20of%20using%20appropriate%20tools%20for%20mining%20patterns%20of%20interest.%20In%20this%20paper%2C%20we%20present%20a%20novel%20approach%20for%20representing%20phenological%20patterns%20of%20plant%20species.%20The%20proposed%20method%20is%20based%20on%20encoding%20time%20series%20as%20a%20visual%20rhythm%2C%20which%20is%20characterized%20by%20color%20description%20algorithms.%20A%20comparative%20analysis%20of%20different%20descriptors%20is%20conducted%20and%20discussed.%20Experimental%20results%20show%20that%20our%20approach%20presents%20high%20accuracy%20on%20identifying%20plant%20species.%20%5Cu00a9%202013%20IEEE.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1109%5C%2FICIP.2013.6738909%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221522-4880%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A51%3A37Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22V22SZSBQ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Anderegg%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAnderegg%2C%20L.%20D.%20L.%2C%20Anderegg%2C%20W.%20R.%20L.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Berry%2C%20J.%20A.%20%282013%29.%20Not%20all%20droughts%20are%20created%20equal%3A%20Translating%20meteorological%20drought%20into%20woody%20plant%20mortality.%20%3Ci%3ETree%20Physiology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E33%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%287%29%2C%20701%26%23×2013%3B712.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1093%5C%2Ftreephys%5C%2Ftpt044%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1093%5C%2Ftreephys%5C%2Ftpt044%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DV22SZSBQ%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Not%20all%20droughts%20are%20created%20equal%3A%20Translating%20meteorological%20drought%20into%20woody%20plant%20mortality%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Leander%20D.L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Anderegg%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%20R.L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Anderegg%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joseph%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Berry%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Widespread%20drought-induced%20mortality%20of%20woody%20plants%20has%20recently%20occurred%20worldwide%2C%20is%20likely%20to%20be%20exacerbated%20by%20future%20climate%20change%20and%20holds%20large%20ecological%20consequences.%20Yet%20despite%20decades%20of%20research%20on%20plant%20water%20relations%2C%20the%20pathways%20through%20which%20drought%20causes%20plant%20mortality%20are%20poorly%20understood.%20Recent%20work%20on%20the%20physiology%20of%20tree%20mortality%20has%20begun%20to%20reveal%20how%20physiological%20dysfunction%20induced%20by%20water%20stress%20leads%20to%20plant%20death%3B%20however%2C%20we%20are%20still%20far%20from%20being%20able%20to%20predict%20tree%20mortality%20using%20easily%20observed%20or%20modeled%20meteorological%20variables.%20In%20this%20review%2C%20we%20contend%20that%2C%20in%20order%20to%20fully%20understand%20when%20and%20where%20plants%20will%20exceed%20mortality%20thresholds%20when%20drought%20occurs%2C%20we%20must%20understand%20the%20entire%20path%20by%20which%20precipitation%20deficit%20is%20translated%20into%20physiological%20dysfunction%20and%20lasting%20physiological%20damage.%20In%20temperate%20ecosystems%20with%20seasonal%20climate%20patterns%2C%20precipitation%20characteristics%20such%20as%20seasonality%2C%20timing%2C%20form%20%28snow%20versus%20rain%29%20and%20intensity%20interact%20with%20edaphic%20characteristics%20to%20determine%20when%20and%20how%20much%20water%20is%20actually%20available%20to%20plants%20as%20soil%20moisture.%20Plant%20and%20community%20characteristics%20then%20mediate%20how%20quickly%20water%20is%20used%20and%20seasonally%20varying%20plant%20physiology%20determines%20whether%20the%20resulting%20soil%20moisture%20deficit%20is%20physiologically%20damaging.%20Recent%20research%20suggests%20that%20drought%20seasonality%20and%20timing%20matter%20for%20how%20an%20ecosystem%20experiences%20drought.%20But%2C%20mortality%20studies%20that%20bridge%20the%20gaps%20between%20climatology%2C%20hydrology%2C%20plant%20ecology%20and%20plant%20physiology%20are%20rare.%20Drawing%20upon%20a%20broad%20hydrological%20and%20ecological%20perspective%2C%20we%20highlight%20key%20and%20underappreciated%20processes%20that%20may%20mediate%20drought-induced%20tree%20mortality%20and%20propose%20steps%20to%20better%20include%20these%20components%20in%20current%20research.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1093%5C%2Ftreephys%5C%2Ftpt044%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220829318X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A25%3A20Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22JC2FC2S9%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ba%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBa%2C%20T.%2C%20Benson%2C%20L.%2C%20Boucher%2C%20T.%2C%20Brown%2C%20M.%2C%20Cress%2C%20J.%2C%20Dassering%2C%20O.%2C%20Friesen%2C%20B.%2C%20Gachathi%2C%20F.%2C%20Houcine%2C%20S.%2C%20Keita%2C%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Others.%20%282013%29.%20%3Ci%3EMajor%20contributors%20to%20this%20publication%20include%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%201%26%23×2013%3B24.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.aag.org%5C%2Fgalleries%5C%2Fpublications-files%5C%2FAfrica%7B%5C%5C_%7DEcosystems%7B%5C%5C_%7DBooklet%7B%5C%5C_%7Dfinal%7B%5C%5C_%7Dmed.pdf%27%3Ehttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.aag.org%5C%2Fgalleries%5C%2Fpublications-files%5C%2FAfrica%7B%5C%5C_%7DEcosystems%7B%5C%5C_%7DBooklet%7B%5C%5C_%7Dfinal%7B%5C%5C_%7Dmed.pdf%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DJC2FC2S9%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Major%20contributors%20to%20this%20publication%20include%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ba%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Boucher%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Brown%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cress%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22O.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dassering%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Friesen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gachathi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Houcine%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Keita%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Others%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%5C%5Cldots%20Discussion%2040%20%5Cu201c%20Big%20Data%20%5Cu201d%20Considerations%20%5C%5Cldots%20valuation%20of%20ecosystem%20services%20%2C%20and%20conservation%20%5C%5Cldots%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.aag.org%5C%2Fgalleries%5C%2Fpublications-files%5C%2FAfrica%7B%5C%5C_%7DEcosystems%7B%5C%5C_%7DBooklet%7B%5C%5C_%7Dfinal%7B%5C%5C_%7Dmed.pdf%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A57%3A12Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22VTUE9HFQ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Beale%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013-11%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBeale%2C%20C.%20M.%2C%20van%20Rensberg%2C%20S.%2C%20Bond%2C%20W.%20J.%2C%20Coughenour%2C%20M.%2C%20Fynn%2C%20R.%2C%20Gaylard%2C%20A.%2C%20Grant%2C%20R.%2C%20Harris%2C%20B.%2C%20Jones%2C%20T.%2C%20Mduma%2C%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20others.%20%282013%29.%20Ten%20lessons%20for%20the%20conservation%20of%20African%20savannah%20ecosystems.%20%3Ci%3EBiological%20Conservation%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E167%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20224-232-224%26%23×2013%3B232.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DVTUE9HFQ%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Ten%20lessons%20for%20the%20conservation%20of%20African%20savannah%20ecosystems%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Colin%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Beale%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sue%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22van%20Rensberg%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bond%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mike%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Coughenour%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Richard%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fynn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Angela%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gaylard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Grant%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Brian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Harris%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Trevor%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jones%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Simon%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mduma%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22others%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%5C%2Fnovember%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-03T13%3A14%3A54Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22SF7CMBGS%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Beale%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBeale%2C%20C.%20M.%2C%20van%20Rensberg%2C%20S.%2C%20Bond%2C%20W.%20J.%2C%20Coughenour%2C%20M.%2C%20Fynn%2C%20R.%2C%20Gaylard%2C%20A.%2C%20Grant%2C%20R.%2C%20Harris%2C%20B.%2C%20Jones%2C%20T.%2C%20Mduma%2C%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20others.%20%282013%29.%20Ten%20lessons%20for%20the%20conservation%20of%20African%20savannah%20ecosystems.%20%3Ci%3EBiological%20Conservation%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E167%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20224%26%23×2013%3B232.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DSF7CMBGS%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Ten%20lessons%20for%20the%20conservation%20of%20African%20savannah%20ecosystems%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Colin%20M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Beale%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sue%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22van%20Rensberg%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bond%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mike%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Coughenour%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Richard%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fynn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Angela%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gaylard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Grant%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Brian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Harris%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Trevor%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jones%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Simon%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mduma%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22others%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-03-11T11%3A46%3A22Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22C7ET9Z6H%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Beale%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013-11%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBeale%2C%20C.%20M.%2C%20van%20Rensberg%2C%20S.%2C%20Bond%2C%20W.%20J.%2C%20Coughenour%2C%20M.%2C%20Fynn%2C%20R.%2C%20Gaylard%2C%20A.%2C%20Grant%2C%20R.%2C%20Harris%2C%20B.%2C%20Jones%2C%20T.%2C%20Mduma%2C%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20others.%20%282013%29.%20Ten%20lessons%20for%20the%20conservation%20of%20African%20savannah%20ecosystems.%20%3Ci%3EBiological%20Conservation%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E167%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20224-232-224%26%23×2013%3B232.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DC7ET9Z6H%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Ten%20lessons%20for%20the%20conservation%20of%20African%20savannah%20ecosystems%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Colin%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Beale%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sue%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22van%20Rensberg%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bond%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mike%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Coughenour%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Richard%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fynn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Angela%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gaylard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Grant%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Brian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Harris%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Trevor%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jones%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Simon%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mduma%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22others%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%5C%2Fnovember%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22F3ERISX2%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-11-09T07%3A21%3A40Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2253K3HYNG%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Berg%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBerg%2C%20V.%20D.%2C%20Pty%2C%20G.%2C%20Box%2C%20P.%20O.%2C%20Park%2C%20P.%20T.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Africa%2C%20S.%20%282013%29.%20South%20African%20National%20Land-Cover%20Change%20Map.%20%3Ci%3ESouth%20African%20Journal%20of%20Geomatics%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E2%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%2094-105%26%23×2013%3B105.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.4314%5C%2Fsajg.v2i2%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.4314%5C%2Fsajg.v2i2%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D53K3HYNG%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22South%20African%20National%20Land-Cover%20Change%20Map%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Van%20Den%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Berg%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Geoterraimage%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pty%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P%20O%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Box%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Persequor%20Techno%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Park%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22South%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Africa%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Globally%2C%20countries%20face%20a%20changing%20environment%20due%20to%20population%20growth%2C%20increase%20in%20agricultural%20production%2C%20increasing%20demand%20on%20natural%20resources%2C%20climate%20change%20and%20resultant%20degradation%20of%20the%20natural%20environment.%20One%20means%20of%20monitoring%20this%20changing%20scenario%20is%20through%20land-cover%20change%20mapping.%20Modern%20Earth%20Observation%20%28EO%29%20technologies%2C%20especially%20those%20EO%20datasets%20comprising%20a%20multi-year%20data%20archive%2C%20lend%20themselves%20to%20land-cover%20change%20studies.%20This%20project%20used%20a%20practical%20and%20cost-effective%20approach%20for%20monitoring%20land-cover%20change%20at%20a%20national%20scale%20over%20time%20using%20EO%20data.%20The%20primary%20objective%20of%20this%20study%20was%20to%20determine%20the%20extent%20of%20transformed%20landscape%20change%20within%20South%20Africa%20over%20a%2010-year%20period%20between%201994%20and%202005.%20The%20project%20used%20three%20generalised%20land-cover%20datasets%20%28for%201994%2C%202000%20and%202005%29%20and%20quantified%20the%20change%20between%20these%20assessment%20years.%20The%20land-cover%20change%20was%20based%20on%20five%20classes%3A%20Urban%2C%20Mining%2C%20Forestry%2C%20Cultivation%20and%20Other.%20The%20standardised%20five%20class%20land-%20cover%20datasets%20representing%20the%20three%20assessment%20years%20were%20compared%20within%20a%20uniform%20national%20grid%2C%20based%20on%20500%20m%20x%20500%20m%20cells.%20The%20land-cover%20allocated%20to%20each%20cell%20in%20each%20year%20represented%20the%20spatially%20dominant%20land-cover%20within%20that%20cell%2C%20as%20determined%20from%20the%20original%20land-cover%20datasets.%20Various%20spatial%20modelling%20procedures%20were%20used%20to%20ensure%20compilation%20of%20comparable%20and%20standardised%20land-cover%20class%20allocations%20to%20each%20cell%20for%20each%20year%2C%20prior%20to%20any%20year-on-year%20change%20analyses.%20The%20results%20indicate%20that%20at%20a%20national%20level%20there%20has%20been%20a%20total%20increase%20of%201.2%25%20in%20transformed%20land%20specifically%20associated%20with%20Urban%2C%20Cultivation%2C%20Plantation%20Forestry%20and%20Mining.%20This%20represents%20an%20increase%20from%2014.5%25%20transformed%20land%20in%201994%20to%2015.7%25%20in%202005%20across%20South%20Africa.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.4314%5C%2Fsajg.v2i2%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222225-8531%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A51%3A47Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22F6IR9QQZ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Berg%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBerg%2C%20V.%20D.%2C%20Pty%2C%20G.%2C%20Box%2C%20P.%20O.%2C%20Park%2C%20P.%20T.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Africa%2C%20S.%20%282013%29.%20South%20African%20National%20Land-Cover%20Change%20Map.%20%3Ci%3ESouth%20African%20Journal%20of%20Geomatics%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E2%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%2094-105%26%23×2013%3B105.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.4314%5C%2Fsajg.v2i2%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.4314%5C%2Fsajg.v2i2%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DF6IR9QQZ%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22South%20African%20National%20Land-Cover%20Change%20Map%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Van%20Den%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Berg%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Geoterraimage%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pty%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P%20O%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Box%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Persequor%20Techno%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Park%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22South%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Africa%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Globally%2C%20countries%20face%20a%20changing%20environment%20due%20to%20population%20growth%2C%20increase%20in%20agricultural%20production%2C%20increasing%20demand%20on%20natural%20resources%2C%20climate%20change%20and%20resultant%20degradation%20of%20the%20natural%20environment.%20One%20means%20of%20monitoring%20this%20changing%20scenario%20is%20through%20land-cover%20change%20mapping.%20Modern%20Earth%20Observation%20%28EO%29%20technologies%2C%20especially%20those%20EO%20datasets%20comprising%20a%20multi-year%20data%20archive%2C%20lend%20themselves%20to%20land-cover%20change%20studies.%20This%20project%20used%20a%20practical%20and%20cost-effective%20approach%20for%20monitoring%20land-cover%20change%20at%20a%20national%20scale%20over%20time%20using%20EO%20data.%20The%20primary%20objective%20of%20this%20study%20was%20to%20determine%20the%20extent%20of%20transformed%20landscape%20change%20within%20South%20Africa%20over%20a%2010-year%20period%20between%201994%20and%202005.%20The%20project%20used%20three%20generalised%20land-cover%20datasets%20%28for%201994%2C%202000%20and%202005%29%20and%20quantified%20the%20change%20between%20these%20assessment%20years.%20The%20land-cover%20change%20was%20based%20on%20five%20classes%3A%20Urban%2C%20Mining%2C%20Forestry%2C%20Cultivation%20and%20Other.%20The%20standardised%20five%20class%20land-%20cover%20datasets%20representing%20the%20three%20assessment%20years%20were%20compared%20within%20a%20uniform%20national%20grid%2C%20based%20on%20500%20m%20x%20500%20m%20cells.%20The%20land-cover%20allocated%20to%20each%20cell%20in%20each%20year%20represented%20the%20spatially%20dominant%20land-cover%20within%20that%20cell%2C%20as%20determined%20from%20the%20original%20land-cover%20datasets.%20Various%20spatial%20modelling%20procedures%20were%20used%20to%20ensure%20compilation%20of%20comparable%20and%20standardised%20land-cover%20class%20allocations%20to%20each%20cell%20for%20each%20year%2C%20prior%20to%20any%20year-on-year%20change%20analyses.%20The%20results%20indicate%20that%20at%20a%20national%20level%20there%20has%20been%20a%20total%20increase%20of%201.2%25%20in%20transformed%20land%20specifically%20associated%20with%20Urban%2C%20Cultivation%2C%20Plantation%20Forestry%20and%20Mining.%20This%20represents%20an%20increase%20from%2014.5%25%20transformed%20land%20in%201994%20to%2015.7%25%20in%202005%20across%20South%20Africa.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.4314%5C%2Fsajg.v2i2%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222225-8531%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A55%3A54Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22RF6U277R%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Berkelhammer%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBerkelhammer%2C%20M.%2C%20Hu%2C%20J.%2C%20Bailey%2C%20A.%2C%20Noone%2C%20D.%20C.%2C%20Still%2C%20C.%20J.%2C%20Barnard%2C%20H.%2C%20Gochis%2C%20D.%2C%20Hsiao%2C%20G.%20S.%2C%20Rahn%2C%20T.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Turnipseed%2C%20A.%20%282013%29.%20The%20nocturnal%20water%20cycle%20in%20an%20open-canopy%20forest.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%20Atmospheres%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E118%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2817%29%2C%2010%2C225-10%2C242.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fjgrd.50701%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fjgrd.50701%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DRF6U277R%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20nocturnal%20water%20cycle%20in%20an%20open-canopy%20forest%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Berkelhammer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bailey%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Noone%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Still%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Barnard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gochis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hsiao%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rahn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Turnipseed%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20movement%20of%20moisture%20into%2C%20out-of%2C%20and%20within%20forest%20ecosystems%20is%20modulated%20by%20feedbacks%20that%20stem%20from%20processes%20which%20couple%20plants%2C%20soil%2C%20and%20the%20atmosphere.%20While%20an%20understanding%20of%20these%20processes%20has%20been%20gleaned%20from%20Eddy%20Covariance%20techniques%2C%20the%20reliability%20of%20the%20method%20suffers%20at%20night%20because%20of%20weak%20turbulence.%20During%20the%20summer%20of%202011%2C%20continuous%20profiles%20of%20the%20isotopic%20composition%20%28i.e.%2C%20%5Cu03b418O%20and%20%5Cu03b4D%29%20of%20water%20vapor%20and%20periodic%20measurements%20of%20soil%2C%20leaf%2C%20and%20precipitation%20pools%20were%20measured%20in%20an%20open-canopy%20ponderosa%20pine%20forest%20in%20central%20Colorado%20to%20study%20within-canopy%20nocturnal%20water%20cycling.%20The%20isotopic%20composition%20of%20the%20nocturnal%20water%20vapor%20varies%20significantly%20based%20on%20the%20relative%20contributions%20of%20the%20three%20major%20hydrological%20processes%20acting%20on%20the%20forest%3A%20dewfall%2C%20exchange%20of%20moisture%20between%20leaf%20waters%20and%20canopy%20vapor%2C%20and%20periodic%20mixing%20between%20the%20canopy%20and%20background%20air.%20Dewfall%20proved%20to%20be%20surprisingly%20common%20%28%5Cu223c30%25%20of%20the%20nights%29%20and%20detectable%20on%20both%20the%20surface%20and%20within%20the%20canopy%20through%20the%20isotopic%20measurements.%20While%20surface%20dew%20could%20be%20observed%20using%20leaf%20wetness%20and%20soil%20moisture%20sensors%2C%20dew%20in%20the%20foliage%20was%20only%20measurable%20through%20isotopic%20analysis%20of%20the%20vapor%20and%20often%20occurred%20even%20when%20no%20dew%20accumulated%20on%20the%20surface.%20Nocturnal%20moisture%20cycling%20plays%20a%20critical%20role%20in%20water%20availability%20in%20forest%20ecosystems%20through%20foliar%20absorption%20and%20transpiration%2C%20and%20assessing%20these%20dynamics%2C%20as%20done%20here%2C%20is%20necessary%20for%20fully%20characterizing%20the%20hydrological%20controls%20on%20terrestrial%20productivity.%20Key%20Points%20Profiles%20of%20isotope%20ratio%20of%20H2O%28v%29%20yield%20new%20insight%20on%20nocturnal%20water%20cyclingDew%20is%20a%20critical%20source%20of%20bio-available%20water%20and%20effects%20latent%20heat%20budgetDeuterium-excess%20of%20water%20vapor%20clearly%20tags%20canopy-influenced%20moisture%20%5Cu00a92013.%20American%20Geophysical%20Union.%20All%20Rights%20Reserved.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2Fjgrd.50701%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2221698996%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A53%3A52Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22QHFTBKEP%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bernard%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013-05-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBernard%2C%20A.%20T.%20F.%2C%20G%26%23xF6%3Btz%2C%20A.%2C%20Kerwath%2C%20S.%20E.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Wilke%2C%20C.%20G.%20%282013%29.%20Observer%20bias%20and%20detection%20probability%20in%20underwater%20visual%20census%20of%20fish%20assemblages%20measured%20with%20independent%20double-observers.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Experimental%20Marine%20Biology%20and%20Ecology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E443%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%2075%26%23×2013%3B84.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jembe.2013.02.039%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jembe.2013.02.039%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DQHFTBKEP%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Observer%20bias%20and%20detection%20probability%20in%20underwater%20visual%20census%20of%20fish%20assemblages%20measured%20with%20independent%20double-observers%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20T.%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bernard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22G%5Cu00f6tz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kerwath%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wilke%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Underwater%20visual%20census%20%28UVC%29%20is%20one%20of%20the%20more%20frequently%20used%20methods%20for%20monitoring%20of%20subtidal%20fish%20communities.%20However%2C%20population%20estimates%20from%20UVC%20are%20plagued%20by%20numerous%20biases%20that%20ultimately%20reduce%20the%20diagnostic%20power%20of%20the%20data.%20Adaptations%20to%20methods%20that%20account%20for%20detection%20errors%20by%20employing%20multiple%20observers%20can%20reduce%20many%20of%20these%20biases%2C%20but%20have%20received%20little%20consideration%20in%20past%20marine%20research.%20In%20the%20terrestrial%20environment%20the%20double-observer%20method%20has%20been%20successfully%20applied%20to%20estimate%20visibility%20bias%2C%20observer%20bias%20and%20detection%20probabilities.%20We%20used%20an%20independent%20double-observer%20method%20to%20measure%20the%20influence%20of%20observer%20type%20%28volunteers%20and%20researchers%29%20and%20fish%20community%20structure%20on%20the%20detection%20probability%20and%20count%20dissimilarity%20between%20two%20observers%20simultaneously%20surveying%20the%20same%20transect.%20Community%20data%20collected%20by%20volunteers%20were%20of%20a%20consistently%20lower%20quality%20than%20that%20collected%20by%20researchers.%20However%2C%20this%20was%20not%20the%20case%20for%20the%20dominant%20species%20for%20which%20researchers%20and%20volunteers%20produced%20similar%20data.%20The%20analysis%20further%20suggested%20that%20rare%20species%20contributed%20disproportionately%20to%20the%20bias%20in%20UVC%20data%20because%20the%20abundance%20of%20a%20species%20within%20a%20survey%20area%20determined%20its%20detection%20probability.%20Our%20results%20highlight%20the%20need%20to%20account%20for%20detection%20probability%20during%20UVC%20and%20it%20is%20recommended%20that%20future%20research%20based%20on%20UVC%20integrates%20an%20independent%20double-observer%20approach.%20Furthermore%2C%20the%20results%20indicate%20that%20care%20needs%20to%20be%20taken%20when%20designing%20monitoring%20programmes%20as%20allowing%20inexperienced%20volunteers%20to%20participate%20can%20undermine%20the%20integrity%20of%20the%20data.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013-05-01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.jembe.2013.02.039%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220022-0981%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%5C%2Fscience%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0022098113001007%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2285DCE2P4%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-26T09%3A11%3A27Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%225VTLGEVJ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bonhommeau%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBonhommeau%2C%20S.%2C%20Dubroca%2C%20L.%2C%20Pape%2C%20O.%20L.%2C%20Barde%2C%20J.%2C%20Kaplan%2C%20D.%2C%20Chassot%2C%20E.%2C%20Nieblas%2C%20A.%20E.%2C%20Eme-%2C%20U.%20M.%20R.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20M%2C%20C.%20D.%20R.%20H.%20%282013%29.%20%3Ci%3ESupporting%20Information%20for%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20Eating%20up%20the%20world%20%26%23×2019%3B%20s%20food%20web%20and%20the%20human%20trophic%20level%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D5VTLGEVJ%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Supporting%20Information%20for%20%3A%20Eating%20up%20the%20world%20%27%20s%20food%20web%20and%20the%20human%20trophic%20level%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sylvain%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bonhommeau%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Laurent%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dubroca%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Olivier%20Le%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pape%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Julien%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Barde%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kaplan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Emmanuel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chassot%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anne%20Elise%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nieblas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22U%20M%20R%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Eme-%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Centre%20De%20Recherche%20Halieutique%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22M%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Here%2C%20we%20present%20the%20data%2C%20methods%20and%20corresponding%20results.%20The%20full%20data%20sets%20used%20and%20all%20codes%20for%20calculations%20and%20figures%20are%20stored%20on%20http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.datadryad.org%5C%2F%20as%20a%20permanent%20repository%20associated%20with%20the%20publication.%20A%20full%20description%20of%20the%20scripts%20used%20%28i.e.%2C%20their%20purpose%2C%20the%20inputs%20required%20and%20the%20outputs%20for%20each%20script%29%20is%20given%20to%20provide%20the%20reader%20with%20an%20idea%20of%20the%20architecture%20of%20the%20repository%20and%20is%20developed%20fully%20in%20Appendix%201.%20All%20scripts%20can%20be%20found%20on%20the%20ftp%20repository.%20All%20the%20scripts%20for%20the%20tables%20or%20figures%20of%20this%20supplementary%20information%20are%20directly%20included%20in%20this%20Sweave%20document%20with%20L%20ATEX.%20Note%20that%20this%20Sweave%20document%20is%20compiled%20using%20the%20script%20Sweave.sh.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A00%3A42Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22XB8E4EJR%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bonhommeau%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBonhommeau%2C%20S.%2C%20Dubroca%2C%20L.%2C%20Le%20Pape%2C%20O.%2C%20Barde%2C%20J.%2C%20Kaplan%2C%20D.%20M.%2C%20Chassot%2C%20E.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Nieblas%2C%20A.%20E.%20%282013%29.%20Eating%20up%20the%20world%26%23×2019%3Bs%20food%20web%20and%20the%20human%20trophic%20level.%20%3Ci%3EProceedings%20of%20the%20National%20Academy%20of%20Sciences%20of%20the%20United%20States%20of%20America%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E110%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2851%29%2C%2020617%26%23×2013%3B20620.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1073%5C%2Fpnas.1305827110%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1073%5C%2Fpnas.1305827110%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DXB8E4EJR%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Eating%20up%20the%20world%27s%20food%20web%20and%20the%20human%20trophic%20level%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sylvain%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bonhommeau%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Laurent%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dubroca%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Olivier%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Le%20Pape%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Julien%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Barde%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kaplan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Emmanuel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chassot%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anne%20Elise%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nieblas%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Trophic%20levels%20are%20critical%20for%20synthesizing%20species%27%20diets%2C%20depicting%20energy%20pathways%2C%20understanding%20food%20web%20dynamics%20and%20ecosystem%20functioning%2C%20and%20monitoring%20ecosystem%20health.%20Specifically%2C%20trophic%20levels%20describe%20the%20position%20of%20species%20in%20a%20food%20web%2C%20from%20primary%20producers%20to%20apex%20predators%20%28range%2C%201-5%29.%20Small%20differences%20in%20trophic%20level%20can%20reflect%20large%20differences%20in%20diet.%20Although%20trophic%20levels%20are%20among%20the%20most%20basic%20information%20collected%20for%20animals%20in%20ecosystems%2C%20a%20human%20trophic%20level%20%28HTL%29%20has%20never%20been%20defined.%20Here%2C%20we%20find%20a%20global%20HTL%20of%202.21%2C%20i.e.%2C%20the%20trophic%20level%20of%20anchoveta.%20This%20value%20has%20increased%20with%20time%2C%20consistent%20with%20the%20global%20trend%20toward%20diets%20higher%20in%20meat.%20National%20HTLs%20ranging%20between%202.04%20and%202.57%20reflect%20a%20broad%20diversity%20of%20diet%2C%20although%20cluster%20analysis%20of%20countries%20with%20similar%20dietary%20trends%20reveals%20only%20five%20major%20groups.%20We%20find%20significant%20links%20between%20socio-economic%20and%20environmental%20indicators%20and%20global%20dietary%20trends.%20We%20demonstrate%20that%20the%20HTL%20is%20a%20synthetic%20index%20to%20monitor%20human%20diets%20and%20provides%20a%20baseline%20to%20compare%20diets%20between%20countries.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1073%5C%2Fpnas.1305827110%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2200278424%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A00%3A42Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22XKWEZN4H%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bowman%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBowman%2C%20D.%20M.%20J.%20S.%2C%20Brienen%2C%20R.%20J.%20W.%2C%20Gloor%2C%20E.%2C%20Phillips%2C%20O.%20L.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Prior%2C%20L.%20D.%20%282013%29.%20Detecting%20trends%20in%20tree%20growth%3A%20not%20so%20simple.%20%3Ci%3ETrends%20in%20Plant%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E18%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%2011%26%23×2013%3B17.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2Fhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.tplants.2012.08.005%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2Fhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.tplants.2012.08.005%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DXKWEZN4H%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Detecting%20trends%20in%20tree%20growth%3A%20not%20so%20simple%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.M.J.S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bowman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R%20J%20W%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Brienen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gloor%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22O%20L%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Phillips%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L%20D%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Prior%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.tplants.2012.08.005%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221360-1385%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%5C%2Fscience%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS1360138512001756%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A23%3A50Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22XSS8VGIJ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Breedt%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBreedt%2C%20J.%20A.%20D.%2C%20Dreber%2C%20N.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Kellner%2C%20K.%20%282013%29.%20Post-wildfire%20regeneration%20of%20rangeland%20productivity%20and%20functionality%20-%20observations%20across%20three%20semi-arid%20vegetation%20types%20in%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EAfrican%20Journal%20of%20Range%20and%20Forage%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E30%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%20161%26%23×2013%3B167.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F10220119.2013.816367%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F10220119.2013.816367%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DXSS8VGIJ%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Post-wildfire%20regeneration%20of%20rangeland%20productivity%20and%20functionality%20-%20observations%20across%20three%20semi-arid%20vegetation%20types%20in%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Johannes%20A.D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Breedt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Niels%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dreber%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Klaus%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kellner%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Wildfires%20can%20have%20significant%20impacts%20on%20rangeland%20productivity%20and%20functionality%20causing%20substantial%20economic%20losses%20to%20affected%20farmers.%20In%20August%202011%2C%20such%20wildfires%20swept%20through%20the%20North%20West%20province%20of%20South%20Africa%2C%20destroying%20large%20areas%20of%20grazing%20and%20farm%20infrastructure.%20There%20is%20little%20information%20available%20on%20how%20the%20regional%20semi-arid%20rangelands%20respond%20to%20fire.%20In%20order%20to%20increase%20knowledge%20on%20short-term%20regeneration%20capacities%20of%20burned%20rangelands%2C%20the%20recovery%20of%20grass%20phytomass%2C%20composition%20and%20diversity%20as%20well%20as%20the%20frequency%20distribution%20of%20patch%20types%20%28i.e.%20grass-%2C%20litter-%20and%20bare%20patches%29%20were%20assessed%20in%20the%20growing%20season%20following%20the%20fire.%20Burned%20and%20unburned%20sites%20were%20compared%20in%20two%20regional%20grasslands%20and%20one%20savanna%20type%20receiving%20between%20480%20and%20700%20mm%20rainfall%20y-1.%20Fire%20significantly%20reduced%20phytomass%20production%2C%20and%20lowered%20the%20grazing%20capacity%20and%20potential%20grazing%20days%20across%20vegetation%20types.%20In%20general%2C%20grass%20diversity%2C%20composition%20and%20relative%20frequencies%20remained%20unaffected%20documenting%20an%20overall%20good%20regeneration%20potential%20of%20the%20grass%20sward.%20An%20increased%20proportion%20of%20bare%20patches%20and%20decrease%20of%20litter%20indicated%20that%20the%20post-fire%20environment%20lost%20functionality%20with%20respect%20to%20erosion%20control%2C%20nutrient%20cycling%20and%20water%20infiltration.%20Gained%20insights%20provide%20valuable%20baseline%20information%20for%20future%20impact%20assessments%20and%20research%20into%20the%20fire%20dynamics%20of%20investigated%20vegetation%20types.%20%5Cu00a9%202013%20Copyright%20%5Cu00a9%20NISC%20%28Pty%29%20Ltd.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.2989%5C%2F10220119.2013.816367%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2210220119%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A55%3A28Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2275WYKFSW%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bruford%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBruford%2C%20M.%20W.%2C%20Brummitt%2C%20N.%2C%20Butchart%2C%20S.%20H.%20M.%2C%20Cardoso%2C%20A.%20C.%2C%20Coops%2C%20N.%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Dulloo%2C%20E.%20%282013%29.%20Essential%20Biodiversity%20Variables.%20%3Ci%3EScience%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E339%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%286117%29%2C%20277%26%23×2013%3B278.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D75WYKFSW%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Essential%20Biodiversity%20Variables%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M%20W%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bruford%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22N%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Brummitt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S%20H%20M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Butchart%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A%20C%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cardoso%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22N%20C%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Coops%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dulloo%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22A%20global%20system%20of%20harmonized%20observations%20is%20needed%20to%20inform%20scientists%20and%20policy-makers.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A49%3A30Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22WJ3XB43R%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bruford%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBruford%2C%20M.%20W.%2C%20Brummitt%2C%20N.%2C%20Butchart%2C%20S.%20H.%20M.%2C%20Cardoso%2C%20A.%20C.%2C%20Coops%2C%20N.%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Dulloo%2C%20E.%20%282013%29.%20Essential%20Biodiversity%20Variables.%20%3Ci%3EScience%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E339%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%286117%29%2C%20277%26%23×2013%3B278.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DWJ3XB43R%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Essential%20Biodiversity%20Variables%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M%20W%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bruford%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22N%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Brummitt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S%20H%20M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Butchart%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A%20C%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cardoso%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22N%20C%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Coops%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dulloo%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22A%20global%20system%20of%20harmonized%20observations%20is%20needed%20to%20inform%20scientists%20and%20policy-makers.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A50%3A26Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22XC4RN94I%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Burkepile%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBurkepile%2C%20D.%20E.%2C%20Burns%2C%20C.%20E.%2C%20Tambling%2C%20C.%20J.%2C%20Amendola%2C%20E.%2C%20Buis%2C%20G.%20M.%2C%20Govender%2C%20N.%2C%20Nelson%2C%20V.%2C%20Thompson%2C%20D.%20I.%2C%20Zinn%2C%20A.%20D.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Smith%2C%20M.%20D.%20%282013%29.%20Habitat%20selection%20by%20large%20herbivores%20in%20a%20southern%20African%20savanna%3A%20the%20relative%20roles%20of%20bottom-up%20and%20top-down%20forces.%20%3Ci%3EEcosphere%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E4%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2811%29%2C%20139.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2Fhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi.org%5C%2F10.1890%5C%2FES13-00078.1%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2Fhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi.org%5C%2F10.1890%5C%2FES13-00078.1%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DXC4RN94I%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Habitat%20selection%20by%20large%20herbivores%20in%20a%20southern%20African%20savanna%3A%20the%20relative%20roles%20of%20bottom-up%20and%20top-down%20forces.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Deron%20E%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Burkepile%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Catherine%20E%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Burns%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Craig%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tambling%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elizabeth%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Amendola%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Greg%20M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Buis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Navashni%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Govender%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Victoria%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nelson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dave%20I%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thompson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%20D%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zinn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Melinda%20D%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Smith%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Animals%20must%20often%20balance%20food%20availability%20and%20predation%20risk%20when%20selecting%20habitat.%20Here%2C%5Cnwe%20examined%20habitat%20preferences%20of%20large%20mammalian%20herbivores%20in%20a%20long-term%20fire%20experiment%20in%20the%5CnKruger%20National%20Park%2C%20South%20Africa%20to%20assess%20the%20role%20of%20bottom-up%20%28e.g.%2C%20forage%20quantity%5C%2Fquality%29%20and%20top-down%20%28e.g.%2C%20predation%20risk%29%20processes%20in%20driving%20herbivore%20distributions.%20We%20focused%20on%20experimental%20plots%20%2810%20ha%20on%20average%29%20that%20have%20been%20burned%20in%20the%20winter%20%28August%29%20since%201954%20at%201-%20and%203-yr%20intervals%2C%20or%20left%20unburned%20%28n%5Cu00bc3%20per%20burn%20type%29.%20Herbivore%20distributions%20%28during%20both%20day%20and%20night%29%20and%20plant%20community%20structure%20were%20surveyed%20on%20each%20plot%20during%20the%20growing%20seasons%20%28November%5Cu2013March%29%20of%202005%5Cu20132006%2C%202006%5Cu20132007%2C%20and%202007%5Cu20132008.%20Overall%2C%20we%20sighted%204%2C187%20individuals%20representing%20twelve%20species%20of%20mammalian%20herbivores.%20Impala%20%28Aepyceros%20melampus%29%2C%20zebra%20%28Equus%20quagga%29%2C%20and%20wildebeest%20%28Connochaetes%20taurinus%29%20comprised%2037%25%2C%2028%25%2C%20and%2018%25%20of%20all%20individuals%20observed%2C%20respectively.%20Several%20species%20such%20as%20African%20buffalo%20%28Syncerus%20caffer%29%2C%20wildebeest%2C%20and%20giraffe%20%28Giraffa%20camelopardalis%29%20exhibited%20a%20significant%20trade-off%20between%20food%20acquisition%20and%20minimizing%20predation%20risk%20by%20foraging%20in%20areas%20with%20lower%20density%20of%20woody%20vegetation.%20We%20also%20observed%20significant%20day%20vs.%20night%20dynamics%20in%20herbivore%20habitat%20selection.%20For%20example%2C%20zebra%20utilized%20annual%20or%20triennial%20burns%20during%20the%20day%20depending%20on%20which%20years%20the%20plots%20were%20burned%2C%20but%20they%20avoided%20triennial%20burns%20with%20dense%20woody%20vegetation%20in%20favor%20of%20more%20open%20annual%20burns%5Cnat%20night%20when%20predators%20such%20as%20lions%20%28Panthera%20leo%29%20are%20more%20active.%20Similarly%2C%20the%20smaller%2C%20mixed-feeding%5Cnimpala%20appeared%20to%20use%20riskier%20habitats%20with%20more%20diverse%20forage%20options%20during%20the%20day%20%28triennial%20burns%5Cnand%20unburned%20plots%29%20but%20used%20less%20risky%20habitats%20at%20night%20%28annual%20and%20triennial%20burns%29.%20Diurnal%20vs.%5Cnnocturnal%20patterns%20are%20often%20overlooked%20in%20studies%20of%20habitat%20selection%20but%20are%20necessary%20for%20understanding%5Cnthe%20factors%20that%20shape%20distribution.%20The%20variation%20we%20observed%20in%20herbivore%20distribution%20patterns%20during%20this%5Cnthree-year%20period%20indicates%20that%20different%20species%20exhibit%20different%20trade-offs%20with%20respect%20to%20food%20and%5Cnpredation%20risk.%20Factors%20such%20as%20body%20size%2C%20nutritional%20requirements%2C%20prey%20escape%20tactics%2C%20and%20recent%20fire%5Cnhistory%20likely%20mediated%20these%20interspecific%20differences.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi.org%5C%2F10.1890%5C%2FES13-00078.1%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%228VPML3VD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-06-22T08%3A24%3A35Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22T83VMU9Z%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Burkepile%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBurkepile%2C%20D.%20E.%2C%20Burns%2C%20C.%20E.%2C%20Tambling%2C%20C.%20J.%2C%20Amendola%2C%20E.%2C%20Buis%2C%20G.%20M.%2C%20Govender%2C%20N.%2C%20Nelson%2C%20V.%2C%20Thompson%2C%20D.%20I.%2C%20Zinn%2C%20A.%20D.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Smith%2C%20M.%20D.%20%282013%29.%20Habitat%20selection%20by%20large%20herbivores%20in%20a%20southern%20African%20savanna%3A%20The%20relative%20roles%20of%20bottom-up%20and%20top-down%20forces.%20%3Ci%3EEcosphere%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E4%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2811%29%2C%201%26%23×2013%3B19.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1890%5C%2FES13-00078.1%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1890%5C%2FES13-00078.1%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DT83VMU9Z%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Habitat%20selection%20by%20large%20herbivores%20in%20a%20southern%20African%20savanna%3A%20The%20relative%20roles%20of%20bottom-up%20and%20top-down%20forces%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Deron%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Burkepile%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Catherine%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Burns%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Craig%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tambling%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elizabeth%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Amendola%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Greg%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Buis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Navashni%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Govender%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Victoria%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nelson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dave%20I.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thompson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zinn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Melinda%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Smith%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Animals%20must%20often%20balance%20food%20availability%20and%20predation%20risk%20when%20selecting%20habitat.%20Here%2C%20we%20examined%20habitat%20preferences%20of%20large%20mammalian%20herbivores%20in%20a%20long-term%20fire%20experiment%20in%20the%20Kruger%20National%20Park%2C%20South%20Africa%20to%20assess%20the%20role%20of%20bottom-up%20%28e.g.%2C%20forage%20quantity%5C%2Fquality%29%20and%20top-down%20%28e.g.%2C%20predation%20risk%29%20processes%20in%20driving%20herbivore%20distributions.%20We%20focused%20on%20experimental%20plots%20%28%5Cu223c10%20ha%20on%20average%29%20that%20have%20been%20burned%20in%20the%20winter%20%28August%29%20since%201954%20at%201-%20and%203-yr%20intervals%2C%20or%20left%20unburned%20%28n%3D3%20per%20burn%20type%29.%20Herbivore%20distributions%20%28during%20both%20day%20and%20night%29%20and%20plant%20community%20structure%20were%20surveyed%20on%20each%20plot%20during%20the%20growing%20seasons%20%28November-March%29%20of%202005-2006%2C%202006-2007%2C%20and%202007-2008.%20Overall%2C%20we%20sighted%204%2C187%20individuals%20representing%20twelve%20species%20of%20mammalian%20herbivores.%20Impala%20%28Aepyceros%20melampus%29%2C%20zebra%20%28Equus%20quagga%29%2C%20and%20wildebeest%20%28Connochaetes%20taurinus%29%20comprised%2037%25%2C%2028%25%2C%20and%2018%25%20of%20all%20individuals%20observed%2C%20respectively.%20Several%20species%20such%20as%20African%20buffalo%20%28Syncerus%20caffer%29%2C%20wildebeest%2C%20and%20giraffe%20%28Giraffa%20camelopardalis%29%20exhibited%20a%20significant%20trade-off%20between%20food%20acquisition%20and%20minimizing%20predation%20risk%20by%20foraging%20in%20areas%20with%20lower%20density%20of%20woody%20vegetation.%20We%20also%20observed%20significant%20day%20vs.%20night%20dynamics%20in%20herbivore%20habitat%20selection.%20For%20example%2C%20zebra%20utilized%20annual%20or%20triennial%20burns%20during%20the%20day%20depending%20on%20which%20years%20the%20plots%20were%20burned%2C%20but%20they%20avoided%20triennial%20burns%20with%20dense%20woody%20vegetation%20in%20favor%20of%20more%20open%20annual%20burns%20at%20night%20when%20predators%20such%20as%20lions%20%28Panthera%20leo%29%20are%20more%20active.%20Similarly%2C%20the%20smaller%2C%20mixed-feeding%20impala%20appeared%20to%20use%20riskier%20habitats%20with%20more%20diverse%20forage%20options%20during%20the%20day%20%28triennial%20burns%20and%20unburned%20plots%29%20but%20used%20less%20risky%20habitats%20at%20night%20%28annual%20and%20triennial%20burns%29.%20Diurnal%20vs.%20nocturnal%20patterns%20are%20often%20overlooked%20in%20studies%20of%20habitat%20selection%20but%20are%20necessary%20for%20understanding%20the%20factors%20that%20shape%20distribution.%20The%20variation%20we%20observed%20in%20herbivore%20distribution%20patterns%20during%20this%20three-year%20period%20indicates%20that%20different%20species%20exhibit%20different%20trade-offs%20with%20respect%20to%20food%20and%20predation%20risk.%20Factors%20such%20as%20body%20size%2C%20nutritional%20requirements%2C%20prey%20escape%20tactics%2C%20and%20recent%20fire%20history%20likely%20mediated%20these%20interspecific%20differences.%20%5Cu00a9%202013%20Burkepile%20et%20al.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1890%5C%2FES13-00078.1%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2221508925%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A57%3A14Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%227S2HKFCA%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Cade%20and%20Noon%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECade%2C%20B.%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Noon%2C%20B.%20R.%20%282013%29.%20IEWS%20REVIEWS%20REVIEWS%20introduction%20to%20quantile%20regression%20for%20ecologists.%20%3Ci%3EAmerica%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E1%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%288%29%2C%20412%26%23×2013%3B420.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D7S2HKFCA%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22IEWS%20REVIEWS%20REVIEWS%20introduction%20to%20quantile%20regression%20for%20ecologists%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Brian%20S%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cade%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Barry%20R%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Noon%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A04%3A11Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%223KMF7P9A%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Chabot%20and%20Bird%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EChabot%2C%20D.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Bird%2C%20D.%20M.%20%282013%29.%20Tools%20for%20surveying%20wetlands.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Unmanned%20Vehicle%20Systems%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E1%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%28September%29%2C%2015%26%23×2013%3B24.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D3KMF7P9A%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Tools%20for%20surveying%20wetlands%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chabot%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bird%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A50%3A20Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%223MZNS422%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Child%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EChild%2C%20M.%20F.%2C%20Peel%2C%20M.%20J.%20S.%2C%20Smit%2C%20I.%20P.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Sutherland%2C%20W.%20J.%20%282013%29.%20Quantifying%20the%20effects%20of%20diverse%20private%20protected%20area%20management%20systems%20on%20ecosystem%20properties%20in%20a%20savannah%20biome%2C%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EOryx%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E47%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%2029%26%23×2013%3B40.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1017%5C%2FS0030605312000038%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1017%5C%2FS0030605312000038%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D3MZNS422%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Quantifying%20the%20effects%20of%20diverse%20private%20protected%20area%20management%20systems%20on%20ecosystem%20properties%20in%20a%20savannah%20biome%2C%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Matthew%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Child%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%20J.S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Peel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Izak%20P.J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Smit%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sutherland%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20effects%20of%20management%20on%20ecosystem%20diversity%2C%20structure%20and%20function%20must%20be%20understood%20for%20the%20sustainable%20integration%20of%20conservation%20and%20development.%20A%20potential%20source%20of%20experimentation%20and%20learning%20in%20ecosystem%20management%20is%20the%20array%20of%20private%20protected%20areas%20worldwide.%20Autonomous%20management%20systems%20can%20be%20seen%20as%20natural%20experiments%2C%20presenting%20an%20opportunity%20to%20explore%20the%20consequences%20of%20manipulating%20ecosystem%20properties.%20By%20quantifying%20management%20diversity%20and%20developing%20an%20index%20of%20management%20intensity%20we%20assessed%20the%20ecological%20correlates%20of%20private%20protected%20area%20management%20within%20the%20savannah%20biome%20in%20South%20Africa.%20Management%20intensity%20is%20positively%20correlated%20with%20herbivore%20density%2C%20predator%20density%20and%20ecotourism%20lodge%20density%20and%20negatively%20with%20herbivore%20community%20heterogeneity%2C%20reintroduction%20success%20and%20primary%20productivity%20at%20the%20local%20protected%20area%20scale.%20However%2C%20these%20trade-offs%20are%20tantamount%20to%20functional%20diversity%20as%20different%20management%20systems%20play%20unique%20roles%20in%20the%20regional%20socio-ecological%20and%20socio-economic%20systems%2C%20which%20range%20from%20animal%20production%20centres%20high%20in%20commercial%20value%20to%20low%20density%20areas%20that%20may%20sustain%20landscape%20processes.%20Furthermore%2C%20fenced%20private%20protected%20areas%20are%20necessary%20to%20safeguard%20rare%20species%20that%20cannot%20sustain%20viable%20populations%20in%20altered%20ecosystems.%20Thus%2C%20when%20considered%20at%20the%20regional%20scale%2C%20a%20private%20protected%20area%20network%20that%20constitutes%20a%20patchwork%20of%20management%20systems%20will%20create%20a%20coincident%20conservation%20and%20production%20landscape.%20We%20suggest%20that%20maintaining%20management%20heterogeneity%20will%20provide%20net%20benefits%20to%20biodiversity%20and%20potentially%20galvanize%20locally%20sustainable%2C%20wildlife-based%20economies.%20Copyright%20%5Cu00a9%20Fauna%20%26%20Flora%20International%202013.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1017%5C%2FS0030605312000038%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2200306053%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A58%3A17Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22MAL65T8S%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Chirima%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EChirima%2C%20G.%20J.%2C%20Owen-Smith%2C%20N.%2C%20Erasmus%2C%20B.%20F.%20N.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Parrini%2C%20F.%20%282013%29.%20Distributional%20niche%20of%20relatively%20rare%20sable%20antelope%20in%20a%20South%20African%20savanna%3A%20Habitat%20versus%20biotic%20relationships.%20%3Ci%3EEcography%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E36%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%2068%26%23×2013%3B79.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1600-0587.2012.07333.x%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1600-0587.2012.07333.x%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DMAL65T8S%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Distributional%20niche%20of%20relatively%20rare%20sable%20antelope%20in%20a%20South%20African%20savanna%3A%20Habitat%20versus%20biotic%20relationships%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22George%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chirima%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Norman%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Owen-Smith%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Barend%20F.N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Erasmus%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Francesca%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Parrini%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20geographic%20distribution%20of%20a%20species%20is%20governed%20by%20climatic%20conditions%2C%20topography%2C%20resources%20and%20habitat%20structure%20determining%20the%20fundamental%20niche%2C%20while%20the%20local%20distribution%20expressed%20via%20home%20range%20occupation%20may%20be%20compressed%20by%20biotic%20interactions%20with%20competitors%20and%20predators%2C%20restricting%20the%20realised%20niche.%20Biotic%20influences%20could%20be%20especially%20important%20for%20relatively%20rare%20species.%20We%20investigated%20how%20rainfall%2C%20geology%2C%20land%20type%20and%20abundance%20of%20other%20ungulate%20species%20serving%20as%20competitors%20or%20prey%20for%20predators%20contributed%20to%20the%20patchy%20distribution%20of%20sable%20antelope%20herds%20within%20Kruger%20National%20Park.%20Data%20were%20provided%20by%20annual%20aerial%20surveys%20of%20ungulate%20populations%20conducted%20between%201978%20and%201988.%20Sable%20herds%20were%20more%20commonly%20present%20on%20granitic%20and%20sandstone%20substrates%20than%20on%20more%20fertile%20basalt.%20They%20occurred%20both%20in%20the%20moist%20south-west%20and%20dry%20north%20of%20the%20park.%20They%20were%20most%20abundant%20in%20sour%20bushveld%20and%20mopane%20savanna%20woodland%2C%20and%20mostly%20absent%20from%20knob%20thorn-marula%20parkland.%20The%20presence%20of%20sable%20was%20negatively%20associated%20with%20high%20concentrations%20of%20impala%20and%20wildebeest%2C%20less%20consistently%20related%20to%20the%20abundance%20of%20zebra%2C%20and%20positively%20associated%20with%20the%20occurrence%20of%20buffalo%20herds.%20Best%20supported%20models%20included%20the%20separate%20effects%20of%20the%20most%20abundant%20grazers%20along%20with%20land%20type.%20Interspecific%20relationships%20seemed%20more%20consistent%20with%20vulnerability%20to%20predation%20as%20the%20underlying%20mechanism%20restricting%20the%20distribution%20of%20sable%20herds%20than%20with%20competitive%20displacement.%20Sable%20favoured%20land%20types%20distinct%20from%20those%20where%20wildebeest%2C%20the%20most%20preferred%20prey%20of%20lions%2C%20and%20impala%2C%20numerically%20the%20most%20important%20resident%20prey%20species%2C%20were%20most%20abundant.%20Hence%20the%20risk%20of%20predation%2C%20associated%20with%20habitat%20conditions%20where%20abundant%20prey%20species%20are%20most%20concentrated%2C%20can%20exert%20an%20overriding%20influence%20on%20the%20distribution%20of%20rarer%20species%20in%20terms%20of%20their%20home%20range%20occupation.%20%5Cu00a9%202012%20The%20Authors.%20Ecography%20%5Cu00a9%202012%20Nordic%20Society%20Oikos.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fj.1600-0587.2012.07333.x%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2216000587%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A00%3A39Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22XCHIXXY5%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Clarke%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EClarke%2C%20P.%20J.%2C%20Lawes%2C%20M.%20J.%2C%20Midgley%2C%20J.%20J.%2C%20Lamont%2C%20B.%20B.%2C%20Ojeda%2C%20F.%2C%20Burrows%2C%20G.%20E.%2C%20Enright%2C%20N.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Knox%2C%20K.%20J.%20E.%20%282013%29.%20Resprouting%20as%20a%20key%20functional%20trait%3A%20how%20buds%2C%20protection%20and%20resources%20drive%20persistence%20after%20fire.%20%3Ci%3ENew%20Phytologist%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E197%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%2019%26%23×2013%3B35.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DXCHIXXY5%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Resprouting%20as%20a%20key%20functional%20trait%3A%20how%20buds%2C%20protection%20and%20resources%20drive%20persistence%20after%20fire%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Clarke%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lawes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Midgley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B%20B%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lamont%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22F%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ojeda%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G%20E%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Burrows%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22N%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Enright%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K%20J%20E%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Knox%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221469-8137%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A23%3A16Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22E9EPC5N9%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Coetzee%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECoetzee%2C%20B.%20W.%20T.%2C%20le%20Roux%2C%20P.%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Chown%2C%20S.%20L.%20%282013%29.%20Scale%20effects%20on%20the%20body%20size%20frequency%20distributions%20of%20African%20birds%3A%20Patterns%20and%20potential%20mechanisms.%20%3Ci%3EGlobal%20Ecology%20and%20Biogeography%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E22%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29%2C%20380%26%23×2013%3B390.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1466-8238.2012.00793.x%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1466-8238.2012.00793.x%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DE9EPC5N9%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Scale%20effects%20on%20the%20body%20size%20frequency%20distributions%20of%20African%20birds%3A%20Patterns%20and%20potential%20mechanisms%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bernard%20W.T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Coetzee%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22le%20Roux%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Steven%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chown%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Aim%3A%20To%20describe%20and%20analyse%20the%20body%20size%20frequency%20distributions%20%28BSFDs%29%20of%20avian%20assemblages%20at%20several%20spatial%20scales%20in%20the%20Afrotropics.%20We%20also%20tested%20if%20the%20variation%20in%20median%20body%20size%20across%20assemblages%20at%20different%20spatial%20scales%20was%20related%20to%20environmental%20variables%20and%20whether%20purely%20stochastic%20processes%20could%20explain%20BSFDs.%20Location%3A%20The%20Afrotropical%20biogeographic%20realm.%20Methods%3A%20Avian%20body%20masses%20for%201960%20species%20where%20analysed%20at%20continental%2C%20biome%2C%20ecoregion%20and%20local%20spatial%20scales%20with%20standard%20metrics.%20Variation%20in%20median%20assemblage%20body%20size%20was%20modelled%20as%20a%20function%20of%20environmental%20and%20spatial%20explanatory%20variables%20to%20assess%20non-random%20assemblage%20structure.%20We%20tested%20if%20BSFDs%20of%20smaller%20spatial%20scale%20distributions%20are%20random%20subsets%20of%20the%20larger%20spatial%20scale%20assemblages%20in%20which%20they%20are%20embedded%2C%20and%20used%20three%20different%20null%20model%20randomizations%20to%20investigate%20the%20influence%20of%20stochastic%20processes%20on%20BSFDs.%20Results%3A%20The%20African%20avifauna%27s%20continental%20BSFD%20is%20unimodal%20and%20right-skewed.%20BSFDs%20generally%20become%20less%20skewed%20and%20less%20modal%20with%20decreasing%20spatial%20scale.%20The%20best-fit%20model%20explained%2071%25%20of%20median%20body%20size%20values%20at%20the%20ecoregion%20scale%20as%20a%20function%20of%20latitude%2C%20latitude2%2C%20longitude%2C%20species%20richness%20and%20species%20range%20size.%20BSFDs%20at%20smaller%20scales%20show%20non-random%20assembly%20from%20larger%20scale%20BSFDs%20distributions.%20Main%20conclusion%3A%20African%20avifaunal%20BSFDs%20are%20quantitatively%20dissimilar%20to%20African%20mammal%20BSFDs%2C%20which%20are%20bimodal%20at%20all%20spatial%20scales.%20Much%20of%20the%20change%20in%20median%20body%20size%20with%20spatial%20scale%20can%20be%20captured%20by%20a%20range-weighted%20null%20model%2C%20suggesting%20that%20differential%20turnover%20between%20smaller-%20and%20larger-bodied%20species%20might%20explain%20the%20shift%20in%20the%20central%20tendency%20of%20the%20BSFD.%20At%20the%20local%20scale%2C%20energy%20may%20well%20contribute%20to%20structuring%20BSFDs%2C%20but%20this%20pattern%20is%20less%20pronounced%20at%20larger%20spatial%20scales.%20%5Cu00a9%202012%20Blackwell%20Publishing%20Ltd.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fj.1466-8238.2012.00793.x%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221466822X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A00%3A54Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22KESLA7M8%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Coetzer%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECoetzer%2C%20K.%20L.%2C%20Erasmus%2C%20B.%20F.%20N.%2C%20Witkowski%2C%20E.%20T.%20F.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Reyers%2C%20B.%20%282013%29.%20The%20race%20for%20space%3A%20Tracking%20land-cover%20transformation%20in%20a%20socio-ecological%20landscape%2C%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EEnvironmental%20Management%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E52%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%20595%26%23×2013%3B611.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00267-013-0094-9%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00267-013-0094-9%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DKESLA7M8%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20race%20for%20space%3A%20Tracking%20land-cover%20transformation%20in%20a%20socio-ecological%20landscape%2C%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kaera%20L%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Coetzer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Barend%20F%20N%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Erasmus%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Edward%20T%20F%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Witkowski%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Belinda%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Reyers%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Biosphere%20Reserves%20attempt%20to%20align%20existing%20biodiversity%20conservation%20with%20sustainable%20resource%20use%2C%20specifically%20for%20improving%20socio-economic%20circumstances%20of%20resident%20communities.%20Typically%2C%20the%20Biosphere%20Reserve%20model%20is%20applied%20to%20an%20established%20landscape%20mosaic%20of%20existing%20land%20uses%3B%20these%20are%20often%20socio-ecological%20systems%20where%20strict%20environmental%20protection%20and%20community%20livelihoods%20are%20in%20conflict%2C%20and%20environmental%20degradation%20frequently%20accompanies%20%5C%22use%5C%22.%20This%20raises%20challenges%20for%20successful%20implementation%20of%20the%20model%2C%20as%20the%20reality%20of%20the%20existing%20land-use%20mosaic%20undermines%20the%20theoretical%20aspirations%20of%20the%20Biosphere%20concept.%20This%20study%20focuses%20on%20the%20Kruger%20to%20Canyons%20Biosphere%20Reserve%20%28K2C%29%2C%20South%20Africa%3B%20a%20socio-ecological%20landscape%20where%20formal%20conservation%20is%20juxtaposed%20against%20extensive%20impoverished%20rural%20communities.%20We%20focus%20on%20land-cover%20changes%20of%20the%20existing%20land-use%20mosaic%20%281993-2006%29%2C%20specifically%20selected%20land-cover%20classes%20identified%20as%20important%20for%20biodiversity%20conservation%20and%20local-level%20resource%20utilization.%20We%20discuss%20the%20implications%20of%20transformation%20for%20conservation%2C%20sustainable%20resource-use%2C%20and%20K2C%27s%20functioning%20as%20a%20%5C%22Biosphere%20Reserve%5C%22.%20Spatially%2C%20changes%20radiated%20outward%20from%20the%20settlement%20expanse%2C%20with%20little%20regard%20for%20the%20theoretical%20land-use%20zonation%20of%20the%20Biosphere%20Reserve.%20Settlement%20growth%20tracked%20transport%20routes%2C%20transforming%20cohesive%20areas%20of%20communal-use%20rangelands.%20Given%20the%20interdependencies%20between%20the%20settlement%20population%20and%20local%20environmental%20resources%2C%20the%20Impacted%20Vegetation%20class%20expanded%20accordingly%2C%20fragmenting%20the%20Intact%20Vegetation%20class%2C%20and%20merging%20rangelands.%20This%20has%20serious%20implications%20for%20sustainability%20of%20communal%20harvesting%20areas%2C%20and%20further%20transformation%20of%20intact%20habitat.%20The%20distribution%20and%20magnitude%20of%20Intact%20Vegetation%20losses%20raise%20concerns%20around%20connectivity%20and%20edge%20effects%2C%20with%20long-term%20consequences%20for%20ecological%20integrity%20of%20remnant%20habitat%2C%20and%20K2C%27s%20existing%20network%20of%20protected%20areas.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs00267-013-0094-9%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220364152X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A15%3A14Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22JPI9DVQU%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Colgan%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EColgan%2C%20M.%20S.%2C%20Asner%2C%20G.%20P.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Swemmer%2C%20T.%20%282013%29.%20Harvesting%20tree%20biomass%20at%20the%20stand%20level%20to%20assess%20the%20accuracy%20of%20field%20and%20airborne%20biomass%20estimation%20in%20savannas.%20%3Ci%3EEcological%20Applications%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E23%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%285%29.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1890%5C%2F12-0922.1%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1890%5C%2F12-0922.1%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DJPI9DVQU%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Harvesting%20tree%20biomass%20at%20the%20stand%20level%20to%20assess%20the%20accuracy%20of%20field%20and%20airborne%20biomass%20estimation%20in%20savannas%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Colgan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Asner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Swemmer%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Tree%20biomass%20is%20an%20integrated%20measure%20of%20net%20growth%20and%20is%20critical%20for%20understanding%2C%20monitoring%2C%20and%20modeling%20ecosystem%20functions.%20Despite%20the%20importance%20of%20accurately%20measuring%20tree%20biomass%2C%20several%20fundamental%20barriers%20preclude%20direct%20measurement%20at%20large%20spatial%20scales%2C%20including%20the%20facts%20that%20trees%20must%20be%20felled%20to%20be%20weighed%20and%20that%20even%20modestly%20sized%20trees%20are%20challenging%20to%20maneuver%20once%20felled.%20Allometric%20methods%20allow%20for%20estimation%20of%20tree%20mass%20using%20structural%20characteristics%2C%20such%20as%20trunk%20diameter.%20Savanna%20trees%20present%20additional%20challenges%2C%20including%20limited%20available%20allometry%20and%20a%20prevalence%20of%20multiple%20stems%20per%20individual.%20Here%20we%20collected%20airborne%20lidar%20data%20over%20a%20semiarid%20savanna%20adjacent%20to%20the%20Kruger%20National%20Park%2C%20South%20Africa%2C%20and%20then%20harvested%20and%20weighed%20woody%20plant%20biomass%20at%20the%20plot%20scale%20to%20provide%20a%20standard%20against%20which%20field%20and%20airborne%20estimation%20methods%20could%20be%20compared.%20For%20an%20existing%20airborne%20lidar%20method%2C%20we%20found%20that%20half%20of%20the%20total%20error%20was%20due%20to%20averaging%20canopy%20height%20at%20the%20plot%20scale.%20This%20error%20was%20eliminated%20by%20instead%20measuring%20maximum%20height%20and%20crown%20area%20of%20individual%20trees%20from%20lidar%20data%20using%20an%20object-based%20method%20to%20identify%20individual%20tree%20crowns%20and%20estimate%20their%20biomass.%20The%20best%20object-based%20model%20approached%20the%20accuracy%20of%20field%20allometry%20at%20both%20the%20tree%20and%20plot%20levels%2C%20and%20it%20more%20than%20doubled%20the%20accuracy%20compared%20to%20existing%20airborne%20methods%20%2817%25%20vs.%2044%25%20deviation%20from%20harvested%20biomass%29.%20Allometric%20error%20accounted%20for%20less%20than%20one-third%20of%20the%20total%20residual%20error%20in%20airborne%20biomass%20estimates%20at%20the%20plot%20scale%20when%20using%20allometry%20with%20low%20bias.%20Airborne%20methods%20also%20gave%20more%20accurate%20predictions%20at%20the%20plot%20level%20than%20did%20field%20methods%20based%20on%20diameter-only%20allometry.%20These%20results%20provide%20a%20novel%20comparison%20of%20field%20and%20airborne%20biomass%20estimates%20using%20harvested%20plots%20and%20advance%20the%20role%20of%20lidar%20remote%20sensing%20in%20savanna%20ecosystems.%20%5Cu00a9%202013%20by%20the%20Ecological%20Society%20of%20America.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1890%5C%2F12-0922.1%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2210510761%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%228VPML3VD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-04T13%3A02%3A58Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22C45C5BIS%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Colgan%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EColgan%2C%20M.%20S.%2C%20Asner%2C%20G.%20P.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Swemmer%2C%20T.%20%282013%29.%20Harvesting%20tree%20biomass%20at%20the%20stand%20level%20to%20assess%20the%20accuracy%20of%20field%20and%20airborne%20biomass%20estimation%20in%20savannas.%20%3Ci%3EEcological%20Applications%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E23%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%285%29%2C%201170%26%23×2013%3B1184.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1890%5C%2F12-0922.1%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1890%5C%2F12-0922.1%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DC45C5BIS%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Harvesting%20tree%20biomass%20at%20the%20stand%20level%20to%20assess%20the%20accuracy%20of%20field%20and%20airborne%20biomass%20estimation%20in%20savannas%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Matthew%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Colgan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gregory%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Asner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tony%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Swemmer%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Tree%20biomass%20is%20an%20integrated%20measure%20of%20net%20growth%20and%20is%20critical%20for%20understanding%2C%20monitoring%2C%20and%20modeling%20ecosystem%20functions.%20Despite%20the%20importance%20of%20accurately%20measuring%20tree%20biomass%2C%20several%20fundamental%20barriers%20preclude%20direct%20measurement%20at%20large%20spatial%20scales%2C%20including%20the%20facts%20that%20trees%20must%20be%20felled%20to%20be%20weighed%20and%20that%20even%20modestly%20sized%20trees%20are%20challenging%20to%20maneuver%20once%20felled.%20Allometric%20methods%20allow%20for%20estimation%20of%20tree%20mass%20using%20structural%20characteristics%2C%20such%20as%20trunk%20diameter.%20Savanna%20trees%20present%20additional%20challenges%2C%20including%20limited%20available%20allometry%20and%20a%20prevalence%20of%20multiple%20stems%20per%20individual.%20Here%20we%20collected%20airborne%20lidar%20data%20over%20a%20semiarid%20savanna%20adjacent%20to%20the%20Kruger%20National%20Park%2C%20South%20Africa%2C%20and%20then%20harvested%20and%20weighed%20woody%20plant%20biomass%20at%20the%20plot%20scale%20to%20provide%20a%20standard%20against%20which%20field%20and%20airborne%20estimation%20methods%20could%20be%20compared.%20For%20an%20existing%20airborne%20lidar%20method%2C%20we%20found%20that%20half%20of%20the%20total%20error%20was%20due%20to%20averaging%20canopy%20height%20at%20the%20plot%20scale.%20This%20error%20was%20eliminated%20by%20instead%20measuring%20maximum%20height%20and%20crown%20area%20of%20individual%20trees%20from%20lidar%20data%20using%20an%20object-based%20method%20to%20identify%20individual%20tree%20crowns%20and%20estimate%20their%20biomass.%20The%20best%20object-based%20model%20approached%20the%20accuracy%20of%20field%20allometry%20at%20both%20the%20tree%20and%20plot%20levels%2C%20and%20it%20more%20than%20doubled%20the%20accuracy%20compared%20to%20existing%20airborne%20methods%20%2817%25%20vs.%2044%25%20deviation%20from%20harvested%20biomass%29.%20Allometric%20error%20accounted%20for%20less%20than%20one-third%20of%20the%20total%20residual%20error%20in%20airborne%20biomass%20estimates%20at%20the%20plot%20scale%20when%20using%20allometry%20with%20low%20bias.%20Airborne%20methods%20also%20gave%20more%20accurate%20predictions%20at%20the%20plot%20level%20than%20did%20field%20methods%20based%20on%20diameter-only%20allometry.%20These%20results%20provide%20a%20novel%20comparison%20of%20field%20and%20airborne%20biomass%20estimates%20using%20harvested%20plots%20and%20advance%20the%20role%20of%20lidar%20remote%20sensing%20in%20savanna%20ecosystems.%20%5Cu00a9%202013%20by%20the%20Ecological%20Society%20of%20America.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1890%5C%2F12-0922.1%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2210510761%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A04%3A47Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%222EZC2EZ9%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Colgan%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EColgan%2C%20M.%20S.%2C%20Asner%2C%20G.%20P.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Swemmer%2C%20T.%20%282013%29.%20Harvesting%20tree%20biomass%20at%20the%20stand%20level%20to%20assess%20the%20accuracy%20of%20field%20and%20airborne%20biomass%20estimation%20in%20savannas.%20%3Ci%3EEcological%20Applications%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E23%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%285%29.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1890%5C%2F12-0922.1%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1890%5C%2F12-0922.1%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D2EZC2EZ9%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Harvesting%20tree%20biomass%20at%20the%20stand%20level%20to%20assess%20the%20accuracy%20of%20field%20and%20airborne%20biomass%20estimation%20in%20savannas%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Colgan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Asner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Swemmer%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Tree%20biomass%20is%20an%20integrated%20measure%20of%20net%20growth%20and%20is%20critical%20for%20understanding%2C%20monitoring%2C%20and%20modeling%20ecosystem%20functions.%20Despite%20the%20importance%20of%20accurately%20measuring%20tree%20biomass%2C%20several%20fundamental%20barriers%20preclude%20direct%20measurement%20at%20large%20spatial%20scales%2C%20including%20the%20facts%20that%20trees%20must%20be%20felled%20to%20be%20weighed%20and%20that%20even%20modestly%20sized%20trees%20are%20challenging%20to%20maneuver%20once%20felled.%20Allometric%20methods%20allow%20for%20estimation%20of%20tree%20mass%20using%20structural%20characteristics%2C%20such%20as%20trunk%20diameter.%20Savanna%20trees%20present%20additional%20challenges%2C%20including%20limited%20available%20allometry%20and%20a%20prevalence%20of%20multiple%20stems%20per%20individual.%20Here%20we%20collected%20airborne%20lidar%20data%20over%20a%20semiarid%20savanna%20adjacent%20to%20the%20Kruger%20National%20Park%2C%20South%20Africa%2C%20and%20then%20harvested%20and%20weighed%20woody%20plant%20biomass%20at%20the%20plot%20scale%20to%20provide%20a%20standard%20against%20which%20field%20and%20airborne%20estimation%20methods%20could%20be%20compared.%20For%20an%20existing%20airborne%20lidar%20method%2C%20we%20found%20that%20half%20of%20the%20total%20error%20was%20due%20to%20averaging%20canopy%20height%20at%20the%20plot%20scale.%20This%20error%20was%20eliminated%20by%20instead%20measuring%20maximum%20height%20and%20crown%20area%20of%20individual%20trees%20from%20lidar%20data%20using%20an%20object-based%20method%20to%20identify%20individual%20tree%20crowns%20and%20estimate%20their%20biomass.%20The%20best%20object-based%20model%20approached%20the%20accuracy%20of%20field%20allometry%20at%20both%20the%20tree%20and%20plot%20levels%2C%20and%20it%20more%20than%20doubled%20the%20accuracy%20compared%20to%20existing%20airborne%20methods%20%2817%25%20vs.%2044%25%20deviation%20from%20harvested%20biomass%29.%20Allometric%20error%20accounted%20for%20less%20than%20one-third%20of%20the%20total%20residual%20error%20in%20airborne%20biomass%20estimates%20at%20the%20plot%20scale%20when%20using%20allometry%20with%20low%20bias.%20Airborne%20methods%20also%20gave%20more%20accurate%20predictions%20at%20the%20plot%20level%20than%20did%20field%20methods%20based%20on%20diameter-only%20allometry.%20These%20results%20provide%20a%20novel%20comparison%20of%20field%20and%20airborne%20biomass%20estimates%20using%20harvested%20plots%20and%20advance%20the%20role%20of%20lidar%20remote%20sensing%20in%20savanna%20ecosystems.%20%5Cu00a9%202013%20by%20the%20Ecological%20Society%20of%20America.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1890%5C%2F12-0922.1%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2210510761%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A24%3A26Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22SG4XDHX8%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Dantas%20and%20Pausas%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDantas%2C%20V.%20de%20L.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Pausas%2C%20J.%20G.%20%282013%29.%20The%20lanky%20and%20the%20corky%3A%20fire%26%23×2010%3Bescape%20strategies%20in%20savanna%20woody%20species.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Ecology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E101%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%285%29%2C%201265%26%23×2013%3B1272.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DSG4XDHX8%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20lanky%20and%20the%20corky%3A%20fire%5Cu2010escape%20strategies%20in%20savanna%20woody%20species%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Vinicius%20de%20L%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dantas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Juli%20G%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pausas%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221365-2745%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A22%3A51Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22G32J4KJQ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Donohue%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDonohue%2C%20R.%20J.%2C%20Roderick%2C%20M.%20L.%2C%20McVicar%2C%20T.%20R.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Farquhar%2C%20G.%20D.%20%282013%29.%20Impact%20of%20CO2%20fertilization%20on%20maximum%20foliage%20cover%20across%20the%20globe%26%23×2019%3Bs%20warm%2C%20arid%20environments.%20%3Ci%3EGeophysical%20Research%20Letters%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E40%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2812%29%2C%203031%26%23×2013%3B3035.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fgrl.50563%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fgrl.50563%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DG32J4KJQ%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Impact%20of%20CO2%20fertilization%20on%20maximum%20foliage%20cover%20across%20the%20globe%27s%20warm%2C%20arid%20environments%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Randall%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Donohue%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roderick%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tim%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McVicar%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Graham%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Farquhar%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Satellite%20observations%20reveal%20a%20greening%20of%20the%20globe%20over%20recent%20decades.%20The%20role%20in%20this%20greening%20of%20the%20%5C%22CO2%20fertilization%5C%22%20effect-the%20enhancement%20of%20photosynthesis%20due%20to%20rising%20CO2%20levels-is%20yet%20to%20be%20established.%20The%20direct%20CO2%20effect%20on%20vegetation%20should%20be%20most%20clearly%20expressed%20in%20warm%2C%20arid%20environments%20where%20water%20is%20the%20dominant%20limit%20to%20vegetation%20growth.%20Using%20gas%20exchange%20theory%2C%20we%20predict%20that%20the%2014%25%20increase%20in%20atmospheric%20CO2%20%281982-2010%29%20led%20to%20a%205%20to%2010%25%20increase%20in%20green%20foliage%20cover%20in%20warm%2C%20arid%20environments.%20Satellite%20observations%2C%20analyzed%20to%20remove%20the%20effect%20of%20variations%20in%20precipitation%2C%20show%20that%20cover%20across%20these%20environments%20has%20increased%20by%2011%25.%20Our%20results%20confirm%20that%20the%20anticipated%20CO2%20fertilization%20effect%20is%20occurring%20alongside%20ongoing%20anthropogenic%20perturbations%20to%20the%20carbon%20cycle%20and%20that%20the%20fertilization%20effect%20is%20now%20a%20significant%20land%20surface%20process.%20Key%20Points%20We%20examine%2C%20for%20a%20set%20rainfall%2C%20the%20maximum%20foliage%20cover%20observable%20by%20satellite%20In%20warm%2C%20dry%20places%2C%20such%20maximum%20cover%20has%20risen%20by%2011%25%20globally%20%281982-2010%29%20We%20show%20a%20physical%20and%20quantitative%20link%20between%20this%20rise%20and%20CO2%20fertilization%20%5Cu00a92013.%20American%20Geophysical%20Union.%20All%20Rights%20Reserved.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2Fgrl.50563%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2200948276%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A58%3A07Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22E6KF8D6I%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Dormann%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDormann%2C%20C.%20F.%2C%20Elith%2C%20J.%2C%20Bacher%2C%20S.%2C%20Buchmann%2C%20C.%2C%20Carl%2C%20G.%2C%20Carr%26%23xE9%3B%2C%20G.%2C%20Marqu%26%23xE9%3Bz%2C%20J.%20R.%20G.%2C%20Gruber%2C%20B.%2C%20Lafourcade%2C%20B.%2C%20Leit%26%23xE3%3Bo%2C%20P.%20J.%2C%20M%26%23xFC%3Bnkem%26%23xFC%3Bller%2C%20T.%2C%20Mcclean%2C%20C.%2C%20Osborne%2C%20P.%20E.%2C%20Reineking%2C%20B.%2C%20Schr%26%23xF6%3Bder%2C%20B.%2C%20Skidmore%2C%20A.%20K.%2C%20Zurell%2C%20D.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Lautenbach%2C%20S.%20%282013%29.%20Collinearity%3A%20A%20review%20of%20methods%20to%20deal%20with%20it%20and%20a%20simulation%20study%20evaluating%20their%20performance.%20%3Ci%3EEcography%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E36%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%2027%26%23×2013%3B46.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1600-0587.2012.07348.x%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1600-0587.2012.07348.x%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DE6KF8D6I%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Collinearity%3A%20A%20review%20of%20methods%20to%20deal%20with%20it%20and%20a%20simulation%20study%20evaluating%20their%20performance%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Carsten%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dormann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jane%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Elith%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sven%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bacher%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Carsten%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Buchmann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gudrun%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Carl%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gabriel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Carr%5Cu00e9%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jaime%20R.Garc%5Cu00eda%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Marqu%5Cu00e9z%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bernd%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gruber%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bruno%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lafourcade%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pedro%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Leit%5Cu00e3o%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tamara%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22M%5Cu00fcnkem%5Cu00fcller%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Colin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mcclean%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Patrick%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Osborne%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bj%5Cu00f6rn%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Reineking%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Boris%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schr%5Cu00f6der%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Skidmore%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Damaris%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zurell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sven%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lautenbach%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Collinearity%20refers%20to%20the%20non%20independence%20of%20predictor%20variables%2C%20usually%20in%20a%20regression-type%20analysis.%20It%20is%20a%20common%20feature%20of%20any%20descriptive%20ecological%20data%20set%20and%20can%20be%20a%20problem%20for%20parameter%20estimation%20because%20it%20inflates%20the%20variance%20of%20regression%20parameters%20and%20hence%20potentially%20leads%20to%20the%20wrong%20identification%20of%20relevant%20predictors%20in%20a%20statistical%20model.%20Collinearity%20is%20a%20severe%20problem%20when%20a%20model%20is%20trained%20on%20data%20from%20one%20region%20or%20time%2C%20and%20predicted%20to%20another%20with%20a%20different%20or%20unknown%20structure%20of%20collinearity.%20To%20demonstrate%20the%20reach%20of%20the%20problem%20of%20collinearity%20in%20ecology%2C%20we%20show%20how%20relationships%20among%20predictors%20differ%20between%20biomes%2C%20change%20over%20spatial%20scales%20and%20through%20time.%20Across%20disciplines%2C%20different%20approaches%20to%20addressing%20collinearity%20problems%20have%20been%20developed%2C%20ranging%20from%20clustering%20of%20predictors%2C%20threshold-based%20pre-selection%2C%20through%20latent%20variable%20methods%2C%20to%20shrinkage%20and%20regularisation.%20Using%20simulated%20data%20with%20five%20predictor-response%20relationships%20of%20increasing%20complexity%20and%20eight%20levels%20of%20collinearity%20we%20compared%20ways%20to%20address%20collinearity%20with%20standard%20multiple%20regression%20and%20machine-learning%20approaches.%20We%20assessed%20the%20performance%20of%20each%20approach%20by%20testing%20its%20impact%20on%20prediction%20to%20new%20data.%20In%20the%20extreme%2C%20we%20tested%20whether%20the%20methods%20were%20able%20to%20identify%20the%20true%20underlying%20relationship%20in%20a%20training%20dataset%20with%20strong%20collinearity%20by%20evaluating%20its%20performance%20on%20a%20test%20dataset%20without%20any%20collinearity.%20We%20found%20that%20methods%20specifically%20designed%20for%20collinearity%2C%20such%20as%20latent%20variable%20methods%20and%20tree%20based%20models%2C%20did%20not%20outperform%20the%20traditional%20GLM%20and%20threshold-based%20pre-selection.%20Our%20results%20highlight%20the%20value%20of%20GLM%20in%20combination%20with%20penalised%20methods%20%28particularly%20ridge%29%20and%20threshold-based%20pre-selection%20when%20omitted%20variables%20are%20considered%20in%20the%20final%20interpretation.%20However%2C%20all%20approaches%20tested%20yielded%20degraded%20predictions%20under%20change%20in%20collinearity%20structure%20and%20the%20%27folk%20lore%27-thresholds%20of%20correlation%20coefficients%20between%20predictor%20variables%20of%20%7Cr%7C%20%5C%5Ctextgreater0.7%20was%20an%20appropriate%20indicator%20for%20when%20collinearity%20begins%20to%20severely%20distort%20model%20estimation%20and%20subsequent%20prediction.%20The%20use%20of%20ecological%20understanding%20of%20the%20system%20in%20pre-analysis%20variable%20selection%20and%20the%20choice%20of%20the%20least%20sensitive%20statistical%20approaches%20reduce%20the%20problems%20of%20collinearity%2C%20but%20cannot%20ultimately%20solve%20them.%20%5Cu00a9%202012%20The%20Authors.%20Ecography%20%5Cu00a9%202012%20Nordic%20Society%20Oikos.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fj.1600-0587.2012.07348.x%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2216000587%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A11%3A35Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22HZEK2THV%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ecology%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EEcology%2C%20G.%20%282013%29.%20%3Ci%3EA%20History%20of%20Fear%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20Imagining%20Deforestation%20in%20the%20West%20African%20Dryland%20Forests%20Author%20%28%20s%20%29%3A%20Jesse%20C%20.%20Ribot%20Reviewed%20work%20%28%20s%20%29%3A%20Source%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20Global%20Ecology%20and%20Biogeography%20%2C%20Vol%20.%208%20%2C%20No%20.%203%20%5C%2F%204%20%2C%20Tropical%20Open%20Woodlands%20Special%20Published%20by%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20Wiley%20conte%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ci%3E8%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%20291%26%23×2013%3B300.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DHZEK2THV%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20History%20of%20Fear%20%3A%20Imagining%20Deforestation%20in%20the%20West%20African%20Dryland%20Forests%20Author%20%28%20s%20%29%3A%20Jesse%20C%20.%20Ribot%20Reviewed%20work%20%28%20s%20%29%3A%20Source%20%3A%20Global%20Ecology%20and%20Biogeography%20%2C%20Vol%20.%208%20%2C%20No%20.%203%20%5C%2F%204%20%2C%20Tropical%20Open%20Woodlands%20Special%20Published%20by%20%3A%20Wiley%20conte%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Global%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ecology%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A06%3A28Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22LSB3UNGW%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Eleftheriou%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EEleftheriou%2C%20A.%20%282013%29.%20%3Ci%3EMethods%20for%20the%20study%20of%20marine%20benthos%3A%20Vol.%20null%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%284th%20edn%2C%20Ed.%29.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DLSB3UNGW%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Methods%20for%20the%20study%20of%20marine%20benthos%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Eleftheriou%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22name%22%3A%224th%20edn%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22null%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-06-14T12%3A49%3A48Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22MPYVJQH6%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Eller%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EEller%2C%20C.%20B.%2C%20Lima%2C%20A.%20L.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Oliveira%2C%20R.%20S.%20%282013%29.%20Foliar%20uptake%20of%20fog%20water%20and%20transport%20belowground%20alleviates%20drought%20effects%20in%20the%20cloud%20forest%20tree%20species%2C%20Drimys%20brasiliensis%20%28Winteraceae%29.%20%3Ci%3ENew%20Phytologist%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E199%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%20151%26%23×2013%3B162.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fnph.12248%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fnph.12248%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DMPYVJQH6%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Foliar%20uptake%20of%20fog%20water%20and%20transport%20belowground%20alleviates%20drought%20effects%20in%20the%20cloud%20forest%20tree%20species%2C%20Drimys%20brasiliensis%20%28Winteraceae%29%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cleiton%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Eller%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Aline%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lima%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rafael%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Oliveira%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Foliar%20water%20uptake%20%28FWU%29%20is%20a%20common%20water%20acquisition%20mechanism%20for%20plants%20inhabiting%20temperate%20fog-affected%20ecosystems%2C%20but%20the%20prevalence%20and%20consequences%20of%20this%20process%20for%20the%20water%20and%20carbon%20balance%20of%20tropical%20cloud%20forest%20species%20are%20unknown.%20We%20performed%20a%20series%20of%20experiments%20under%20field%20and%20glasshouse%20conditions%20using%20a%20combination%20of%20methods%20%28sap%20flow%2C%20fluorescent%20apoplastic%20tracers%20and%20stable%20isotopes%29%20to%20trace%20fog%20water%20movement%20from%20foliage%20to%20belowground%20components%20of%20Drimys%20brasiliensis.%20In%20addition%2C%20we%20measured%20leaf%20water%20potential%2C%20leaf%20gas%20exchange%2C%20leaf%20water%20repellency%20and%20growth%20of%20plants%20under%20contrasting%20soil%20water%20availabilities%20and%20fog%20exposure%20in%20glasshouse%20experiments%20to%20evaluate%20FWU%20effects%20on%20the%20water%20and%20carbon%20balance%20of%20D.%20brasiliensis%20saplings.%20Fog%20water%20diffused%20directly%20through%20leaf%20cuticles%20and%20contributed%20up%20to%2042%25%20of%20total%20foliar%20water%20content.%20FWU%20caused%20reversals%20in%20sap%20flow%20in%20stems%20and%20roots%20of%20up%20to%2026%25%20of%20daily%20maximum%20transpiration.%20Fog%20water%20transported%20through%20the%20xylem%20reached%20belowground%20pools%20and%20enhanced%20leaf%20water%20potential%2C%20photosynthesis%2C%20stomatal%20conductance%20and%20growth%20relative%20to%20plants%20sheltered%20from%20fog.%20Foliar%20uptake%20of%20fog%20water%20is%20an%20important%20water%20acquisition%20mechanism%20that%20can%20mitigate%20the%20deleterious%20effects%20of%20soil%20water%20deficits%20for%20D.%20brasiliensis.%20%5Cu00a9%202013%20The%20Authors.%20New%20Phytologist%20%5Cu00a9%202013%20New%20Phytologist%20Trust.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fnph.12248%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220028646X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A48%3A28Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2254A85YV3%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Face%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFace%2C%20D.%20%282013%29.%20%3Ci%3ELetters%20Does%20carbon%20storage%20limit%20tree%20growth%3F%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D54A85YV3%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Letters%20Does%20carbon%20storage%20limit%20tree%20growth%3F%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Duke%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Face%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A08%3A13Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22GZFTVK5J%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22February%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFebruary%2C%20E.%20C.%2C%20Cook%2C%20G.%20D.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Richards%2C%20A.%20E.%20%282013%29.%20Root%20dynamics%20influence%20tree-grass%20coexistence%20in%20an%20Australian%20savanna.%20%3Ci%3EAustral%20Ecology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E38%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%2066%26%23×2013%3B75.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1442-9993.2012.02376.x%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1442-9993.2012.02376.x%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DGZFTVK5J%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Root%20dynamics%20influence%20tree-grass%20coexistence%20in%20an%20Australian%20savanna%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22February%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cook%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Richards%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Both%20resource%20and%20disturbance%20controls%20have%20been%20invoked%20to%20explain%20tree%20persistence%20among%20grasses%20in%20savannas.%20Here%20we%20determine%20the%20extent%20to%20which%20competition%20for%20available%20resources%20restricts%20the%20rooting%20depth%20of%20both%20grasses%20and%20trees%2C%20and%20how%20this%20may%20influence%20nutrient%20cycling%20under%20an%20infrequently%20burned%20savanna%20near%20Darwin%2C%20Australia.%20We%20sampled%20fine%20roots%20%5C%5Ctextless2mm%20in%20diameter%20from%2024%20soil%20pits%20under%20perennial%20as%20well%20as%20annual%20grasses%20and%20three%20levels%20of%20canopy%20cover.%20The%20relative%20proportion%20of%20C3%20%28trees%29%20and%20C4%20%28grasses%29%20derived%20carbon%20in%20a%20sample%20was%20determined%20using%20mass%20balance%20calculations.%20Our%20results%20show%20that%20regardless%20of%20the%20type%20of%20grass%20both%20tree%20and%20grass%20roots%20are%20concentrated%20in%20the%20top%2020cm%20of%20the%20soil.%20While%20trees%20have%20greater%20root%20production%20and%20contribute%20more%20fine%20root%20biomass%20grass%20roots%20contribute%20a%20disproportional%20amount%20of%20nitrogen%20and%20carbon%20to%20the%20soil%20relative%20to%20total%20root%20biomass.%20We%20postulate%20that%20grasses%20maintain%20soil%20nutrient%20pools%20and%20provide%20biomass%20for%20regular%20fires%20that%20prevent%20forest%20trees%20from%20establishing%20while%20savanna%20trees%2C%20are%20important%20for%20increasing%20soil%20N%20content%2C%20cycling%20and%20mineralization%20rates.%20We%20put%20forward%20our%20ideas%20as%20a%20hypothesis%20of%20resource-regulated%20tree-grass%20coexistence%20in%20tropical%20savannas.%20%5Cu00a9%202012%20The%20Authors.%20Austral%20Ecology%20%5Cu00a9%202012%20Ecological%20Society%20of%20Australia.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fj.1442-9993.2012.02376.x%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2214429985%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A43%3A05Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22BMT6BJXF%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22February%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFebruary%2C%20E.%20C.%2C%20Cook%2C%20G.%20D.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Richards%2C%20A.%20E.%20%282013%29.%20Root%20dynamics%20influence%20tree-grass%20coexistence%20in%20an%20Australian%20savanna.%20%3Ci%3EAustral%20Ecology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E38%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%2066%26%23×2013%3B75.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1442-9993.2012.02376.x%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1442-9993.2012.02376.x%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DBMT6BJXF%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Root%20dynamics%20influence%20tree-grass%20coexistence%20in%20an%20Australian%20savanna%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22February%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cook%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Richards%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Both%20resource%20and%20disturbance%20controls%20have%20been%20invoked%20to%20explain%20tree%20persistence%20among%20grasses%20in%20savannas.%20Here%20we%20determine%20the%20extent%20to%20which%20competition%20for%20available%20resources%20restricts%20the%20rooting%20depth%20of%20both%20grasses%20and%20trees%2C%20and%20how%20this%20may%20influence%20nutrient%20cycling%20under%20an%20infrequently%20burned%20savanna%20near%20Darwin%2C%20Australia.%20We%20sampled%20fine%20roots%20%5C%5Ctextless2mm%20in%20diameter%20from%2024%20soil%20pits%20under%20perennial%20as%20well%20as%20annual%20grasses%20and%20three%20levels%20of%20canopy%20cover.%20The%20relative%20proportion%20of%20C3%20%28trees%29%20and%20C4%20%28grasses%29%20derived%20carbon%20in%20a%20sample%20was%20determined%20using%20mass%20balance%20calculations.%20Our%20results%20show%20that%20regardless%20of%20the%20type%20of%20grass%20both%20tree%20and%20grass%20roots%20are%20concentrated%20in%20the%20top%2020cm%20of%20the%20soil.%20While%20trees%20have%20greater%20root%20production%20and%20contribute%20more%20fine%20root%20biomass%20grass%20roots%20contribute%20a%20disproportional%20amount%20of%20nitrogen%20and%20carbon%20to%20the%20soil%20relative%20to%20total%20root%20biomass.%20We%20postulate%20that%20grasses%20maintain%20soil%20nutrient%20pools%20and%20provide%20biomass%20for%20regular%20fires%20that%20prevent%20forest%20trees%20from%20establishing%20while%20savanna%20trees%2C%20are%20important%20for%20increasing%20soil%20N%20content%2C%20cycling%20and%20mineralization%20rates.%20We%20put%20forward%20our%20ideas%20as%20a%20hypothesis%20of%20resource-regulated%20tree-grass%20coexistence%20in%20tropical%20savannas.%20%5Cu00a9%202012%20The%20Authors.%20Austral%20Ecology%20%5Cu00a9%202012%20Ecological%20Society%20of%20Australia.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fj.1442-9993.2012.02376.x%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2214429985%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A45%3A08Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ZB4VCCN4%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22February%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFebruary%2C%20E.%20C.%2C%20Higgins%2C%20S.%20I.%2C%20Bond%2C%20W.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Swemmer%2C%20L.%20%282013%29.%20Influence%20of%20competition%20and%20rainfall%20manipulation%20on%20the%20growth%20responses%20of%20savanna%20trees%20and%20grasses.%20%3Ci%3EEcology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E94%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%285%29%2C%201155%26%23×2013%3B1164.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1890%5C%2F12-0540.1%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1890%5C%2F12-0540.1%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DZB4VCCN4%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Influence%20of%20competition%20and%20rainfall%20manipulation%20on%20the%20growth%20responses%20of%20savanna%20trees%20and%20grasses%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Edmund%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22February%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Steven%20I.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Higgins%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bond%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Louise%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Swemmer%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22In%20this%20study%2C%20we%20explored%20how%20rainfall%20manipulation%20influenced%20competitive%20interactions%20between%20grasses%20and%20juvenile%20trees%20%28small%20nonreproductive%20trees%20capable%20of%20resprouting%29%20in%20savanna.%20To%20do%20this%2C%20we%20manipulated%20rainfall%20amount%20in%20the%20field%20using%20an%20incomplete%20factorial%20experiment%20that%20determined%20the%20effects%20of%20rainfall%20reduction%2C%20no%20manipulation%2C%20rainfall%20addition%2C%20and%20competition%20between%20grasses%20and%20trees%20on%20grass%20and%20tree%20growth.%20As%20response%20variables%2C%20we%20focused%20on%20several%20measures%20of%20tree%20growth%20and%20Disc%20Pasture%20Meter%20settling%20height%20as%20an%20estimate%20of%20grass%20aboveground%20biomass.%20We%20conducted%20the%20study%20over%20four%20years%2C%20at%20two%20sites%20in%20the%20Kruger%20National%20Park%2C%20South%20Africa.%20Our%20results%20show%20that%20rainfall%20manipulation%20did%20not%20have%20substantial%20effects%20on%20any%20of%20the%20measures%20of%20tree%20growth%20we%20considered.%20However%2C%20trees%20at%20plots%20where%20grasses%20had%20been%20removed%20grew%20on%20average%2015%20cm%20more%20in%20height%20and%201.3-1.7%20times%20more%20in%20basal%20area%20per%20year%20than%20those%20in%20plots%20with%20grasses.%20Grass%20biomass%20was%20not%20influenced%20by%20the%20presence%20of%20trees%20but%20was%20significantly%20and%20positively%20influenced%20by%20rainfall%20addition.%20These%20findings%20were%20not%20fundamentally%20influenced%20by%20soil%20type%20or%20by%20prevailing%20precipitation%2C%20suggesting%20applicability%20of%20our%20results%20to%20a%20wide%20range%20of%20savannas.%20Our%20results%20suggest%20that%2C%20in%20savannas%2C%20increasing%20rainfall%20serves%20to%20increase%20the%20competitive%20pressure%20exerted%20by%20grasses%20on%20trees.%20The%20implication%20is%20that%20recruitment%20into%20the%20adult%20tree%20stage%20from%20the%20juvenile%20stage%20is%20most%20likely%20in%20drought%20years%20when%20there%20is%20little%20competition%20from%20grass%20for%20resources%20and%20grass%20fuel%20loads%20are%20low.%20%5Cu00a9%202013%20by%20the%20Ecological%20Society%20of%20America.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1890%5C%2F12-0540.1%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2200129658%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A03%3A12Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22VALJN86J%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22February%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFebruary%2C%20E.%20C.%2C%20Higgins%2C%20S.%20I.%2C%20Bond%2C%20W.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Swemmer%2C%20L.%20K.%20%282013%29.%20Influence%20of%20competition%20and%20rainfall%20manipulation%20on%20the%20growth%20responses%20of%20savanna%20trees%20and%20grasses.%20%3Ci%3EEcology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E94%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%285%29%2C%201155%26%23×2013%3B1164.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1890%5C%2F12-0540.1%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1890%5C%2F12-0540.1%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DVALJN86J%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Influence%20of%20competition%20and%20rainfall%20manipulation%20on%20the%20growth%20responses%20of%20savanna%20trees%20and%20grasses%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E%20C%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22February%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S%20I%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Higgins%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bond%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L%20K%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Swemmer%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22In%20this%20study%2C%20we%20explored%20how%20rainfall%20manipulation%20influenced%20competitive%20interactions%20between%20grasses%20and%20juvenile%20trees%20%28small%20nonreproductive%20trees%20capable%20of%20resprouting%29%20in%20savanna.%20To%20do%20this%2C%20we%20manipulated%20rainfall%20amount%20in%20the%20field%20using%20an%20incomplete%20factorial%20experiment%20that%20determined%20the%20effects%20of%20rainfall%20reduction%2C%20no%20manipulation%2C%20rainfall%20addition%2C%20and%20competition%20between%20grasses%20and%20trees%20on%20grass%20and%20tree%20growth.%20As%20response%20variables%2C%20we%20focused%20on%20several%20measures%20of%20tree%20growth%20and%20Disc%20Pasture%20Meter%20settling%20height%20as%20an%20estimate%20of%20grass%20aboveground%20biomass.%20We%20conducted%20the%20study%20over%20four%20years%2C%20at%20two%20sites%20in%20the%20Kruger%20National%20Park%2C%20South%20Africa.%20Our%20results%20show%20that%20rainfall%20manipulation%20did%20not%20have%20substantial%20effects%20on%20any%20of%20the%20measures%20of%20tree%20growth%20we%20considered.%20However%2C%20trees%20at%20plots%20where%20grasses%20had%20been%20removed%20grew%20on%20average%2015%20cm%20more%20in%20height%20and%201.3%3F1.7%20times%20more%20in%20basal%20area%20per%20year%20than%20those%20in%20plots%20with%20grasses.%20Grass%20biomass%20was%20not%20influenced%20by%20the%20presence%20of%20trees%20but%20was%20significantly%20and%20positively%20influenced%20by%20rainfall%20addition.%20These%20findings%20were%20not%20fundamentally%20influenced%20by%20soil%20type%20or%20by%20prevailing%20precipitation%2C%20suggesting%20applicability%20of%20our%20results%20to%20a%20wide%20range%20of%20savannas.%20Our%20results%20suggest%20that%2C%20in%20savannas%2C%20increasing%20rainfall%20serves%20to%20increase%20the%20competitive%20pressure%20exerted%20by%20grasses%20on%20trees.%20The%20implication%20is%20that%20recruitment%20into%20the%20adult%20tree%20stage%20from%20the%20juvenile%20stage%20is%20most%20likely%20in%20drought%20years%20when%20there%20is%20little%20competition%20from%20grass%20for%20resources%20and%20grass%20fuel%20loads%20are%20low.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1890%5C%2F12-0540.1%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220012-9658%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi.org%5C%2F10.1890%5C%2F12-0540.1%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A22%3A07Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22IMNHJ7MF%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Field%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013-06%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EField%2C%20J.%20G.%2C%20Attwood%2C%20C.%20G.%2C%20Jarre%2C%20A.%2C%20Sink%2C%20K.%2C%20Atkinson%2C%20L.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Petersen%2C%20S.%20%282013%29.%20Cooperation%20between%20scientists%2C%20NGOs%20and%20industry%20in%20support%20of%20sustainable%20fisheries%3A%20the%20South%20African%20hake%20Merluccius%20spp.%20trawl%20fishery%20experience%20a%3A%20south%20african%20merluccius%20spp.%20fishery%20cooperation.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Fish%20Biology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20n%5C%2Fa-n%5C%2Fa.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fjfb.12118%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fjfb.12118%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DIMNHJ7MF%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Cooperation%20between%20scientists%2C%20NGOs%20and%20industry%20in%20support%20of%20sustainable%20fisheries%3A%20the%20South%20African%20hake%20Merluccius%20spp.%20trawl%20fishery%20experience%20a%3A%20south%20african%20merluccius%20spp.%20fishery%20cooperation%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Field%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Attwood%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jarre%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sink%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Atkinson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Petersen%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22June%202013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fjfb.12118%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2200221112%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.wiley.com%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fjfb.12118%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BGDWYJZJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-12-15T12%3A06%3A38Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22U2BB2WJU%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Fitchett%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFitchett%2C%20J.%20M.%20%282013%29.%20%3Ci%3EPhenological%20response%20of%20citrus%20flowering%20to%20climate%20variability%20and%20change%20in%20Iran%3A%201960-2010%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%5BMSc%20thesis%5D.%20University%20of%20the%20Witwatersrand.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DU2BB2WJU%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22thesis%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Phenological%20response%20of%20citrus%20flowering%20to%20climate%20variability%20and%20change%20in%20Iran%3A%201960-2010%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jennifer%20M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fitchett%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Phenology%20is%20the%20study%20of%20the%20timing%20of%20recurrent%20biological%20events%2C%20their%20abiotic%20drivers%2C%20and%20the%20interrelationship%20among%20annual%20phases%20of%20the%20same%2C%20or%20different%2C%20species.%20This%20discipline%20recently%20has%20gained%20popularity%20in%20bio-geographical%20climate%20change%20studies%2C%20as%20it%20is%20recognized%20as%20a%20highly%20accurate%20and%20easily%20measured%20signature%20of%20the%20impact%20that%20changing%20temperature%20and%20precipitation%20over%20recent%20decades%20have%20had%20on%20plants.%20A%205-decadal%20dataset%20%281960-2010%29%20comprising%20daily%20temperature%20and%20rainfall%20records%2C%20and%20of%20the%20annual%20timing%20of%20peak%20flowering%20of%20five%20citrus%20types%20%28orange%2C%20tangerine%2C%20sweet%20lemon%2C%20sour%20lemon%20and%20sour%20orange%29%20was%20acquired%20for%20the%20Iranian%20cities%20of%20Gorgan%2C%20Kerman%20and%20Shiraz.%20These%20climate%20data%20for%20Kerman%20and%20Shiraz%20reveal%20strong%2C%20statistically%20significant%20increases%20in%20Tmax%20of%200.03%5Cu00b0C%5C%2Fyr%2C%20and%20even%20stronger%20increases%20in%20Tmin%20of%200.05%5Cu00b0C%5C%2Fyr-0.07%5Cu00b0C%5C%2Fyr%2C%20whilst%20Gorgan%20presents%20a%20statistically%20significant%20decrease%20in%20precipitation%20of%204.69mm%5C%2Fyr%20over%20the%20study%20period.%20Significant%20increases%20in%20daily%20sunshine%20hours%20of%207.09h%5C%2Fyr%20and%2019.01h%5C%2Fyr%20are%20also%20demonstrated%20for%20Gorgan%20and%20Kerman%20respectively.%20Delays%20in%20the%20timing%20of%20peak%20flowering%20for%20the%20five%20citrus%20types%20in%20Gorgan%20by%200.05-0.01d%5C%2Fyr%2C%20and%20advances%20in%20the%20timing%20of%20flowering%20for%20Kerman%20%280.12-0.17d%5C%2Fyr%29%20and%20Shiraz%20%280.56-0.62d%5C%2Fyr%29%2C%20occur%20concurrently%20with%20these%20climate%20trends.%20These%20differences%20in%20the%20direction%20of%20shift%20in%20flowering%20dates%2C%20combined%20with%20differences%20in%20climate%20trends%2C%20highlight%20the%20considerable%20extent%20to%20which%20location%2C%20and%20the%20associated%20abiotic%20forces%2C%20influence%20flowering%20dates.%20Significant%20relationships%20between%20the%20flowering%20dates%20of%20the%20citrus%20types%20and%20Tmax%20are%20demonstrated%20for%20Kerman%20and%20Shiraz%2C%20equating%20to%20advances%20of%201.85-3.08d%5C%2F%5Cu00b0C%20and%206.14-7.86d%5C%2F%5Cu00b0C%20respectively%2C%20with%20similar%20advances%20in%20flowering%20dates%20associated%20with%20increases%20in%20Tmin.%20Significant%20relationships%20between%20the%20timing%20of%20peak%20flowering%20and%20precipitation%20are%20demonstrated%20only%20for%20Kerman.%20Across%20the%20majority%20of%20the%20climate%20variables%2C%20the%20strongest%20monthly%20relationships%20with%20flowering%20dates%20were%20for%20the%20month%20in%20which%20peak%20flowering%20occurs%2C%20suggesting%20a%20direct%20effect%20on%20control%20over%20this%20phenophase.%20The%20development%20of%20multiple%20regression%20models%20facilitated%20the%20simultaneous%20analysis%20of%20the%20effects%20of%20all%20of%20the%20climate%20variables%2C%20and%20increased%20the%20associated%20explanatory%20potential.%20The%20rate%20of%20change%20in%20peak%20flowering%20dates%20observed%20for%20the%20period%201960-2010%2C%20and%20the%20relative%20influence%20of%20some%20climate%20variables%20over%20others%2C%20highlight%20the%20importance%20of%20monitoring%20fruit%20tree%20phenology%20in%20a%20water%20scarce%20region%20such%20as%20Iran.%20With%20decreases%20in%20precipitation%2C%20increases%20in%20Tmin%20and%20Tmax%20and%20the%20potential%20for%20heightened%20frost%20risk%20by%20the%20end%20of%20the%20century%2C%20citrus%20cultivation%20in%20Kerman%20is%20under%20threat.%20Shiraz%20is%20likely%20to%20survive%20continued%20climate%20variability%20and%20change%20throughout%20the%2021st%20century%2C%20provided%20that%20sufficient%20water%20is%20available.%20Gorgan%20demonstrates%20the%20greatest%20capacity%20to%20continue%20successful%20citrus%20farming%2C%20and%20the%20greater%20Caspian%20Lowlands%20hold%20potential%20as%20a%20suitable%20location%20for%20the%20expansion%20of%20citrus%20farming%20required%20to%20compensate%20for%20any%20yields%20lost%20in%20the%20more%20arid%20areas%20of%20Iran%20and%20the%20Middle%20East.%22%2C%22thesisType%22%3A%22MSc%20thesis%22%2C%22university%22%3A%22University%20of%20the%20Witwatersrand%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%228VPML3VD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-06-28T12%3A15%3A06Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22T68U3VMU%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Fleddum%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013-12%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFleddum%2C%20A.%2C%20Atkinson%2C%20L.%20J.%2C%20Field%2C%20J.%20G.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Shin%2C%20P.%20%282013%29.%20Changes%20in%20biological%20traits%20of%20macro-benthic%20communities%20subjected%20to%20different%20intensities%20of%20demersal%20trawling%20along%20the%20west%20coast%20of%20southern%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20the%20Marine%20Biological%20Association%20of%20the%20United%20Kingdom%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E93%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%288%29%2C%202027%26%23×2013%3B2038.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1017%5C%2FS0025315413000647%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1017%5C%2FS0025315413000647%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DT68U3VMU%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Changes%20in%20biological%20traits%20of%20macro-benthic%20communities%20subjected%20to%20different%20intensities%20of%20demersal%20trawling%20along%20the%20west%20coast%20of%20southern%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fleddum%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Atkinson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Field%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Biological%20traits%20analysis%20%28BTA%29%20is%20considered%20to%20be%20a%20powerful%20technique%20for%20describing%20the%20ecological%20functioning%20of%20marine%20benthic%20assemblages.%20This%20study%20is%20the%20first%20to%20apply%20BTA%20to%20assess%20differences%20in%20the%20traits%20of%20benthic%20faunal%20assemblages%20between%20areas%20exposed%20to%20heavy%20and%20light%20trawling%20in%20a%20major%20upwelling%20ecosystem%20along%20the%20west%20coast%20of%20southern%20Africa.%20The%20data%20were%20collected%20from%20two%20sampling%20locations%20in%20Namibia%20and%20six%20sampling%20locations%20in%20South%20Africa.%20The%20intensity%20of%20trawling%20varied%20from%20area%20to%20area.%20Significant%20differences%20in%20biological%20traits%20%28BT%29%20were%20detected%20between%20heavily%20and%20lightly%20trawled%20areas.%20Weighted%20infaunal%20traits%20showed%20significant%20differences%20between%20heavily%20and%20lightly%20trawled%20areas%20for%2017%25%20of%20the%20traits%20investigated%2C%20while%2024%25%20of%20epifaunal%20traits%20investigated%20were%20significantly%20different%20between%20areas%20of%20different%20trawling%20intensities.%20This%20suggests%20that%20the%20measured%20BTs%20of%20the%20epifauna%20might%20be%20more%20sensitive%20to%20trawling%20disturbances%20than%20BTs%20of%20the%20infauna.%20The%20infaunal%20traits%20differed%20significantly%20between%20areas%20with%20larger%20or%20smaller%20proportions%20of%20sand%20and%20mud.%20Nevertheless%2C%20more%20of%20the%20significant%20differences%20in%20infaunal%20BTs%20were%20related%20to%20variations%20in%20trawling%20intensity%20than%20to%20variations%20in%20sediment%20composition.%20Significant%20modifications%20of%20BTs%20are%20likely%20to%20lead%20to%20modified%20functioning%20of%20the%20community%20and%20provide%20more%20general%20potential%20indicators%20for%20management%20than%20those%20based%20on%20species.%20The%20study%20confirms%20the%20need%20for%20more%20basic%20biological%20and%20life%20history%20data%20on%20macro-benthic%20invertebrates%20but%20nevertheless%20shows%20that%20BTA%20detected%20specific%20features%20that%20correlate%20with%20trawling%20intensity%20and%20that%20these%20features%20may%20be%20important%20for%20epifaunal%20assemblage%20functioning.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22December%202013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1017%5C%2FS0025315413000647%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220025-3154%2C%201469-7769%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.cambridge.org%5C%2Fcore%5C%2Fproduct%5C%2Fidentifier%5C%2FS0025315413000647%5C%2Ftype%5C%2Fjournal_article%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-12-15T12%3A06%3A38Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22GP8N939I%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Gibson%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGibson%2C%20L.%20A.%2C%20Jarmain%2C%20C.%2C%20Su%2C%20Z.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Eckardt%2C%20F.%20E.%20%282013%29.%20Estimating%20evapotranspiration%20using%20remote%20sensing%20and%20the%20surface%20energy%20balance%20system%20-%20A%20South%20African%20perspective.%20%3Ci%3EWater%20SA%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E39%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29%2C%20477%26%23×2013%3B484.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.4314%5C%2Fwsa.v39i4.5%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.4314%5C%2Fwsa.v39i4.5%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DGP8N939I%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Estimating%20evapotranspiration%20using%20remote%20sensing%20and%20the%20surface%20energy%20balance%20system%20-%20A%20South%20African%20perspective%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gibson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jarmain%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Z.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Su%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22F.%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Eckardt%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Remote%20sensing-based%20evapotranspiration%20%28ET%29%20algorithms%20developed%20in%20recent%20years%20are%20well%20suited%20for%20estimating%20evapotranspiration%20and%20its%20spatial%20trends%20over%20time.%20In%20this%20paper%20the%20application%20of%20energy%20balance%20methods%20in%20South%20Africa%20is%20reviewed%2C%20showing%20that%20the%20Surface%20Energy%20Balance%20Algorithm%20for%20Land%20%28SEBAL%29%20model%20is%20the%20most%20widely%20used%2C%20but%20highlighting%20the%20potentials%20of%20the%20Surface%20Energy%20Balance%20System%20%28SEBS%29%20model.%20The%20SEBS%20model%20is%20then%20reviewed%20in%20the%20international%20literature%20and%20lessons%20learned%20from%20South%20African%20examples%20are%20expanded%20upon.%20The%20SEBS%20model%20has%20been%20extensively%20used%20for%20teaching%20and%20training%20purposes%20and%20has%20been%20applied%20in%20research%20projects%20across%20many%20different%20environments.%20However%2C%20there%20are%20discrepancies%20in%20the%20reported%20accuracy%20of%20the%20SEBS%20model%20due%20to%20known%20model%20sensitivities.%20It%20is%20therefore%20recommended%20that%20any%20further%20research%20using%20the%20SEBS%20model%20in%20South%20Africa%20should%20be%20limited%20to%20agricultural%20areas%20where%20accurate%20vegetation%20parameters%20can%20be%20obtained%2C%20where%20high%20resolution%20imagery%20with%20low%20sensor%20zenith%20angles%20is%20available%2C%20and%20where%20canopy%20cover%20is%20complete.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.4314%5C%2Fwsa.v39i4.5%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2203784738%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A53%3A28Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22UULDDRBF%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Goheen%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGoheen%2C%20J.%20R.%2C%20Palmer%2C%20T.%20M.%2C%20Charles%2C%20G.%20K.%2C%20Helgen%2C%20K.%20M.%2C%20Kinyua%2C%20S.%20N.%2C%20Maclean%2C%20J.%20E.%2C%20Turner%2C%20B.%20L.%2C%20Young%2C%20H.%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Pringle%2C%20R.%20M.%20%282013%29.%20Piecewise%20disassembly%20of%20a%20large-herbivore%20community%20across%20a%20rainfall%20gradient%3A%20the%20UHURU%20experiment.%20%3Ci%3EPloS%20One%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E8%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20e55192.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DUULDDRBF%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Piecewise%20disassembly%20of%20a%20large-herbivore%20community%20across%20a%20rainfall%20gradient%3A%20the%20UHURU%20experiment%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jacob%20R%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Goheen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Todd%20M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Palmer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Grace%20K%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Charles%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kristofer%20M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Helgen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stephen%20N%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kinyua%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Janet%20E%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maclean%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Benjamin%20L%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Turner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hillary%20S%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Young%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Robert%20M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pringle%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221932-6203%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A21%3A26Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22DBMRUA2K%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Gotelli%20and%20Chao%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGotelli%2C%20N.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Chao%2C%20A.%20%282013%29.%20Measuring%20and%20Estimating%20Species%20Richness%20%2C%20Species%20Diversity%20%2C%20and%20Biotic%20Similarity%20from%20Sampling%20Data%20Provided%20for%20non-commercial%20research%20and%20educational%20use%20only%20.%20Not%20for%20reproduction%20%2C%20distribution%20or%20commercial%20use%20.%20%3Ci%3EEncyclopedia%20of%20Biodiversity%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E5%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282013%29%2C%20195%26%23×2013%3B211.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2FB978-0-12-384719-5.00424-X%27%3Ehttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2FB978-0-12-384719-5.00424-X%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DDBMRUA2K%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Measuring%20and%20Estimating%20Species%20Richness%20%2C%20Species%20Diversity%20%2C%20and%20Biotic%20Similarity%20from%20Sampling%20Data%20Provided%20for%20non-commercial%20research%20and%20educational%20use%20only%20.%20Not%20for%20reproduction%20%2C%20distribution%20or%20commercial%20use%20.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicholas%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gotelli%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anne%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chao%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2FB978-0-12-384719-5.00424-X%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A50%3A35Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22NRVX6IV2%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Gray%20and%20Bond%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGray%2C%20E.%20F.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Bond%2C%20W.%20J.%20%282013%29.%20Will%20woody%20plant%20encroachment%20impact%20the%20visitor%20experience%20and%20economy%20of%20conservation%20areas%3F%20%3Ci%3EKoedoe%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E55%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%201%26%23×2013%3B9.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.4102%5C%2Fkoedoe.v55i1.1106%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.4102%5C%2Fkoedoe.v55i1.1106%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DNRVX6IV2%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Will%20woody%20plant%20encroachment%20impact%20the%20visitor%20experience%20and%20economy%20of%20conservation%20areas%3F%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Emma%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gray%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bond%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Woody%20plant%20encroachment%20into%20savannas%20is%20a%20globally%20prevalent%20phenomenon%20and%20impacts%20ecosystem%20goods%20and%20services%20such%20as%20biodiversity%2C%20carbon%20storage%2C%20nutrient%20cycling%2C%20grazing%20and%20hydrology.%20The%20direct%20ecological%20and%20economic%20consequences%20for%20rangelands%20have%20been%20fairly%20well%20studied%2C%20but%2C%20to%20our%20knowledge%2C%20the%20economic%20impact%20on%20conservation%20efforts%20has%20not%20been%20investigated.%20African%20savannas%20are%20important%20as%20conservation%20areas%20because%20they%20support%20large%20numbers%20of%20the%20world%27s%20remaining%20megafauna.%20This%20study%20used%20visitor%20surveys%20and%20long-term%20mammal%20distribution%20data%20to%20investigate%20how%20an%20increase%20in%20tree%20density%20might%20affect%20the%20visibility%20of%20animals%20in%20a%20conservation%20area%2C%20which%20could%20reduce%20the%20satisfaction%20of%20visitors%20to%20the%20area.%20We%20found%20that%20apparent%20herd%20sizes%20and%20density%20of%20animals%20were%20much%20reduced%20in%20woody%20areas%2C%20suggesting%20that%20visibility%20is%20negatively%20impacted.%20Visitor%20surveys%20determined%20that%20a%20large%20fraction%20%28almost%20half%29%20of%20potential%20future%20visitors%20to%20the%20park%20may%20be%20lost%20if%20animals%20became%20more%20difficult%20to%20see%20and%20that%20the%20majority%20of%20these%20would%20be%20the%20higherspending%20visitors.%20Responses%20differed%20depending%20on%20the%20origin%20of%20visitors%2C%20with%20international%20visitors%20being%20more%20interested%20in%20seeing%20animals%2C%20whilst%20local%20visitors%20were%20more%20content%20with%20just%20being%20away%20from%20the%20city.%20The%20results%20suggest%20that%20woody%20plant%20encroachment%20may%20have%20significant%20impacts%20on%20visitor%20numbers%20to%20savanna%20conservation%20areas%2C%20whilst%20animal%20numbers%20and%20densities%20may%20also%20be%20significantly%20impacted.%20Conservation%20implications%3A%20The%20results%20pointed%20to%20potentially%20significant%20economic%20consequences%20for%20conservation%20efforts%20as%20visitors%20become%20less%20satisfied%20with%20their%20experience.%20Perceptions%20of%20visitors%20are%20important%20for%20management%20decisions%20as%20park%20fees%20contribute%20significantly%20to%20conservation%20efforts.%20This%20could%20ultimately%20result%20in%20a%20reduced%20capacity%20for%20African%20conservation%20areas%20to%20conserve%20their%20biodiversity%20effectively.%20The%20results%20suggest%20that%20management%20may%20need%20to%20re-evaluate%20their%20approach%20to%20controlling%20woody%20plant%20encroachment.%20%5Cu00a9%202013.%20The%20Authors.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.4102%5C%2Fkoedoe.v55i1.1106%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2220710771%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A46%3A08Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22SILQ2JTY%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Grellier%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGrellier%2C%20S.%2C%20Ward%2C%20D.%2C%20Janeau%2C%20J.%20L.%2C%20Podwojewski%2C%20P.%2C%20Lorentz%2C%20S.%2C%20Abbadie%2C%20L.%2C%20Valentin%2C%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Barot%2C%20S.%20%282013%29.%20Positive%20versus%20negative%20environmental%20impacts%20of%20tree%20encroachment%20in%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EActa%20Oecologica%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E53%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%201%26%23×2013%3B10.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.actao.2013.08.002%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.actao.2013.08.002%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DSILQ2JTY%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Positive%20versus%20negative%20environmental%20impacts%20of%20tree%20encroachment%20in%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S%5Cu00e9raphine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Grellier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ward%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean%20Louis%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Janeau%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pascal%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Podwojewski%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Simon%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lorentz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Luc%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Abbadie%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Valentin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S%5Cu00e9bastien%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Barot%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Woody%20plant%20encroachment%20in%20grasslands%20is%20a%20worldwide%20phenomenon.%20Despite%20many%20studies%2C%20the%20consequences%20of%20woody%20plant%20encroachment%20on%20sub-canopy%20vegetation%20and%20soil%20properties%20are%20still%20unclear.%20To%20better%20understand%20the%20impacts%20of%20trees%20on%20grassland%20properties%20we%20examined%20the%20following%20questions%20using%20a%20mountainous%20sub-tropical%20grassland%20of%20South%20Africa%20encroached%20by%20an%20indigenous%20tree%2C%20Acacia%20sieberiana%20as%20a%20case%20study%3A%20%281%29%20Do%20trees%20increase%20sub-canopy%20herbaceous%20diversity%2C%20quality%20and%20biomass%20and%20soil%20nitrogen%20content%3F%20%282%29%20Do%20large%20trees%20have%20a%20stronger%20effect%20than%20medium-sized%20trees%20on%20grass%20and%20soil%20properties%3F%20%283%29%20Does%20the%20impact%20of%20trees%20change%20with%20the%20presence%20of%20livestock%20and%20position%20of%20trees%20in%20a%20catena%3F%20We%20studied%20grass%20and%20non-graminoid%20species%20diversity%20and%20biomass%2C%20grass%20quality%20and%20soil%20properties%20during%20the%20wet%20season%20of%202009.%20Nitrogen%20in%20grass%20leaves%2C%20soil%20cation%20exchange%20capacity%20and%20calcium%20and%20magnesium%20ion%20concentrations%20in%20the%20soil%20increased%20under%20tall%20Acacia%20versus%20open%20areas.%20Medium-sized%20Acacia%20decreased%20the%20gross%20energy%20content%2C%20digestibility%20and%20neutral%20detergent%20fibre%20of%20grasses%20but%20increased%20the%20species%20richness%20of%20non-graminoids.%20Tall%20and%20medium%20Acacia%20trees%20were%20associated%20with%20the%20presence%20of%20Senecio%20inaequidens%2C%20an%20indigenous%20species%20that%20is%20toxic%20to%20horses%20and%20cattle.%20The%20presence%20of%20livestock%20resulted%20in%20a%20decrease%20in%20herbaceous%20root%20biomass%20and%20an%20increase%20in%20soil%20carbon%20and%20leaf%20biomass%20of%20grass%20under%20Acacia.%20Tree%20position%20in%20the%20catena%20did%20not%20modify%20the%20impact%20of%20trees%20on%20the%20herbaceous%20layer%20and%20soil%20properties.%20For%20management%20of%20livestock%20we%20recommend%20retaining%20tall%20Acacia%20trees%20and%20partially%20removing%20medium-sized%20Acacia%20trees%20because%20the%20latter%20had%20negative%20effects%20on%20grass%20quality.%20%5Cu00a9%202013%20Elsevier%20Masson%20SAS.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.actao.2013.08.002%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221146609X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.actao.2013.08.002%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A43%3A55Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22PYMYPYU4%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Herrero%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHerrero%2C%20M.%2C%20Havl%26%23xED%3Bk%2C%20P.%2C%20Valin%2C%20H.%2C%20Notenbaert%2C%20A.%2C%20Rufino%2C%20M.%20C.%2C%20Thornton%2C%20P.%20K.%2C%20Bl%26%23xFC%3Bmmel%2C%20M.%2C%20Weiss%2C%20F.%2C%20Grace%2C%20D.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Obersteiner%2C%20M.%20%282013%29.%20Biomass%20use%2C%20production%2C%20feed%20efficiencies%2C%20and%20greenhouse%20gas%20emissions%20from%20global%20livestock%20systems.%20%3Ci%3EProceedings%20of%20the%20National%20Academy%20of%20Sciences%20of%20the%20United%20States%20of%20America%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E110%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2852%29%2C%2020888%26%23×2013%3B20893.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1073%5C%2Fpnas.1308149110%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1073%5C%2Fpnas.1308149110%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DPYMYPYU4%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Biomass%20use%2C%20production%2C%20feed%20efficiencies%2C%20and%20greenhouse%20gas%20emissions%20from%20global%20livestock%20systems%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mario%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Herrero%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Petr%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Havl%5Cu00edk%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hugo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Valin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22An%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Notenbaert%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mariana%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rufino%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Philip%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thornton%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bl%5Cu00fcmmel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Franz%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Weiss%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Delia%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Grace%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Obersteiner%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22We%20present%20a%20unique%2C%20biologically%20consistent%2C%20spatially%20disaggregated%20global%20livestock%20dataset%20containing%20information%20on%20biomass%20use%2C%20production%2C%20feed%20efficiency%2C%20excretion%2C%20and%20greenhouse%20gas%20emissions%20for%2028%20regions%2C%208%20livestock%20production%20systems%2C%204%20animal%20species%20%28cattle%2C%20small%20ruminants%2C%20pigs%2C%20and%20poultry%29%2C%20and%203%20livestock%20products%20%28milk%2C%20meat%2C%20and%20eggs%29.%20The%20dataset%20contains%20over%2050%20new%20global%20maps%20containing%20high-resolution%20information%20for%20understanding%20the%20multiple%20roles%20%28biophysical%2C%20economic%2C%20social%29%20that%20livestock%20can%20play%20in%20different%20parts%20of%20the%20world.%20The%20dataset%20highlights%3A%20%28i%29%20feed%20efficiency%20as%20a%20key%20driver%20of%20productivity%2C%20resource%20use%2C%20and%20greenhouse%20gas%20emission%20intensities%2C%20with%20vast%20differences%20between%20production%20systems%20and%20animal%20products%3B%20%28ii%29%20the%20importance%20of%20grasslands%20as%20a%20global%20resource%2C%20supplying%20almost%2050%25%20of%20biomass%20for%20animals%20while%20continuing%20to%20be%20at%20the%20epicentre%20of%20land%20conversion%20processes%3B%20and%20%28iii%29%20the%20importance%20of%20mixed%20crop-livestock%20systems%2C%20producing%20the%20greater%20part%20of%20animal%20production%20%28over%2060%25%29%20in%20both%20the%20developed%20and%20the%20developing%20world.%20These%20data%20provide%20critical%20information%20for%20developing%20targeted%2C%20sustainable%20solutions%20for%20the%20livestock%20sector%20and%20its%20widely%20ranging%20contribution%20to%20the%20global%20food%20system.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1073%5C%2Fpnas.1308149110%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2200278424%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A59%3A58Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22DMJ8DM9F%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Hong%20and%20Sullivan%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHong%2C%20A.%20H.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Sullivan%2C%20F.%20R.%20%282013%29.%20Towards%20an%20idea-centered%2C%20principle-base%20design%20to%20as%20creation%20approach%20support%20learning%20knowledge.%20%3Ci%3EEducational%20Technology%20Research%20and%20Development%2C%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%3Ci%3E57%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%285%29%2C%20613%26%23×2013%3B627.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fsl%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fsl%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DDMJ8DM9F%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Towards%20an%20idea-centered%2C%20principle-base%20design%20to%20as%20creation%20approach%20support%20learning%20knowledge%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Author%20Huang-yao%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hong%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Florence%20R%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sullivan%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22While%20the%20importance%20of%20viewing%20learning%20as%20knowledge%20creation%20is%20gradually%20recognized%20%28Paavola%20et%20al.%20Computer-supported%20collaborative%20learning%3A%20foundations%20for%20a%20CSCL%20community%202002%3B%20Rev%20Educ%20Res%2074%3A557-576%202004%29%2C%20an%20important%20question%20remains%20to%20be%20answered%20-%20what%20represents%20an%20effective%20instructional%20design%20to%20support%20collaborative%20creative%20learning%3F%20This%20paper%20argues%20for%20the%20need%20to%20move%20away%20from%20efficiency-oriented%20instructional%20design%20to%20innovation-oriented%20instructional%20design%20if%20learning%20as%20knowledge%20creation%20is%20to%20be%20pursued%20as%20an%20important%20instructional%20goal.%20The%20rationale%20in%20support%20of%20this%20argument%20is%20discussed%20from%20four%20different%20theoretical%20perspectives%20and%20an%20idea-centered%2C%20principle-based%20design%20approach%20as%20an%20example%20is%20proposed%20for%20discussion%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fsl%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A43%3A02Z%22%7D%7D%5D%7D
Allsopp, N. (2013). Adaptive management for complex communal rangelands in South Africa. Null, 30(1–2), 65–69. https://doi.org/10.2989/10220119.2013.781062 Cite

Almeida, J., Dos Santos, J. A., Alberton, B. C., Morellato, L. P. C., & Da S. Torres, R. (2013). Visual rhythm-based time series analysis for phenology studies. 2013 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, ICIP 2013 – Proceedings, September 2013, 4412–4416. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIP.2013.6738909 Cite

Anderegg, L. D. L., Anderegg, W. R. L., & Berry, J. A. (2013). Not all droughts are created equal: Translating meteorological drought into woody plant mortality. Tree Physiology, 33(7), 701–712. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpt044 Cite

Ba, T., Benson, L., Boucher, T., Brown, M., Cress, J., Dassering, O., Friesen, B., Gachathi, F., Houcine, S., Keita, M., & Others. (2013). Major contributors to this publication include. 1–24. http://www.aag.org/galleries/publications-files/Africa{_}Ecosystems{_}Booklet{_}final{_}med.pdf Cite

Beale, C. M., van Rensberg, S., Bond, W. J., Coughenour, M., Fynn, R., Gaylard, A., Grant, R., Harris, B., Jones, T., Mduma, S., & others. (2013). Ten lessons for the conservation of African savannah ecosystems. Biological Conservation, 167, 224-232-224–232. Cite

Beale, C. M., van Rensberg, S., Bond, W. J., Coughenour, M., Fynn, R., Gaylard, A., Grant, R., Harris, B., Jones, T., Mduma, S., & others. (2013). Ten lessons for the conservation of African savannah ecosystems. Biological Conservation, 167, 224–232. Cite

Beale, C. M., van Rensberg, S., Bond, W. J., Coughenour, M., Fynn, R., Gaylard, A., Grant, R., Harris, B., Jones, T., Mduma, S., & others. (2013). Ten lessons for the conservation of African savannah ecosystems. Biological Conservation, 167, 224-232-224–232. Cite

Berg, V. D., Pty, G., Box, P. O., Park, P. T., & Africa, S. (2013). South African National Land-Cover Change Map. South African Journal of Geomatics, 2(2), 94-105–105. https://doi.org/10.4314/sajg.v2i2 Cite

Berg, V. D., Pty, G., Box, P. O., Park, P. T., & Africa, S. (2013). South African National Land-Cover Change Map. South African Journal of Geomatics, 2(2), 94-105–105. https://doi.org/10.4314/sajg.v2i2 Cite

Berkelhammer, M., Hu, J., Bailey, A., Noone, D. C., Still, C. J., Barnard, H., Gochis, D., Hsiao, G. S., Rahn, T., & Turnipseed, A. (2013). The nocturnal water cycle in an open-canopy forest. Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, 118(17), 10,225-10,242. https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50701 Cite

Bernard, A. T. F., Götz, A., Kerwath, S. E., & Wilke, C. G. (2013). Observer bias and detection probability in underwater visual census of fish assemblages measured with independent double-observers. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 443, 75–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2013.02.039 Cite

Bonhommeau, S., Dubroca, L., Pape, O. L., Barde, J., Kaplan, D., Chassot, E., Nieblas, A. E., Eme-, U. M. R., & M, C. D. R. H. (2013). Supporting Information for : Eating up the world ’ s food web and the human trophic level. Cite

Bonhommeau, S., Dubroca, L., Le Pape, O., Barde, J., Kaplan, D. M., Chassot, E., & Nieblas, A. E. (2013). Eating up the world’s food web and the human trophic level. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 110(51), 20617–20620. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1305827110 Cite

Bowman, D. M. J. S., Brienen, R. J. W., Gloor, E., Phillips, O. L., & Prior, L. D. (2013). Detecting trends in tree growth: not so simple. Trends in Plant Science, 18(1), 11–17. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2012.08.005 Cite

Breedt, J. A. D., Dreber, N., & Kellner, K. (2013). Post-wildfire regeneration of rangeland productivity and functionality – observations across three semi-arid vegetation types in South Africa. African Journal of Range and Forage Science, 30(3), 161–167. https://doi.org/10.2989/10220119.2013.816367 Cite

Bruford, M. W., Brummitt, N., Butchart, S. H. M., Cardoso, A. C., Coops, N. C., & Dulloo, E. (2013). Essential Biodiversity Variables. Science, 339(6117), 277–278. Cite

Bruford, M. W., Brummitt, N., Butchart, S. H. M., Cardoso, A. C., Coops, N. C., & Dulloo, E. (2013). Essential Biodiversity Variables. Science, 339(6117), 277–278. Cite

Burkepile, D. E., Burns, C. E., Tambling, C. J., Amendola, E., Buis, G. M., Govender, N., Nelson, V., Thompson, D. I., Zinn, A. D., & Smith, M. D. (2013). Habitat selection by large herbivores in a southern African savanna: the relative roles of bottom-up and top-down forces. Ecosphere, 4(11), 139. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/ES13-00078.1 Cite

Burkepile, D. E., Burns, C. E., Tambling, C. J., Amendola, E., Buis, G. M., Govender, N., Nelson, V., Thompson, D. I., Zinn, A. D., & Smith, M. D. (2013). Habitat selection by large herbivores in a southern African savanna: The relative roles of bottom-up and top-down forces. Ecosphere, 4(11), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1890/ES13-00078.1 Cite

Cade, B. S., & Noon, B. R. (2013). IEWS REVIEWS REVIEWS introduction to quantile regression for ecologists. America, 1(8), 412–420. Cite

Chabot, D., & Bird, D. M. (2013). Tools for surveying wetlands. Journal of Unmanned Vehicle Systems, 1(September), 15–24. Cite

Child, M. F., Peel, M. J. S., Smit, I. P. J., & Sutherland, W. J. (2013). Quantifying the effects of diverse private protected area management systems on ecosystem properties in a savannah biome, South Africa. Oryx, 47(1), 29–40. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0030605312000038 Cite

Chirima, G. J., Owen-Smith, N., Erasmus, B. F. N., & Parrini, F. (2013). Distributional niche of relatively rare sable antelope in a South African savanna: Habitat versus biotic relationships. Ecography, 36(1), 68–79. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0587.2012.07333.x Cite

Clarke, P. J., Lawes, M. J., Midgley, J. J., Lamont, B. B., Ojeda, F., Burrows, G. E., Enright, N. J., & Knox, K. J. E. (2013). Resprouting as a key functional trait: how buds, protection and resources drive persistence after fire. New Phytologist, 197(1), 19–35. Cite

Coetzee, B. W. T., le Roux, P. C., & Chown, S. L. (2013). Scale effects on the body size frequency distributions of African birds: Patterns and potential mechanisms. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 22(4), 380–390. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2012.00793.x Cite

Coetzer, K. L., Erasmus, B. F. N., Witkowski, E. T. F., & Reyers, B. (2013). The race for space: Tracking land-cover transformation in a socio-ecological landscape, South Africa. Environmental Management, 52(3), 595–611. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-013-0094-9 Cite

Colgan, M. S., Asner, G. P., & Swemmer, T. (2013). Harvesting tree biomass at the stand level to assess the accuracy of field and airborne biomass estimation in savannas. Ecological Applications, 23(5). https://doi.org/10.1890/12-0922.1 Cite

Colgan, M. S., Asner, G. P., & Swemmer, T. (2013). Harvesting tree biomass at the stand level to assess the accuracy of field and airborne biomass estimation in savannas. Ecological Applications, 23(5), 1170–1184. https://doi.org/10.1890/12-0922.1 Cite

Colgan, M. S., Asner, G. P., & Swemmer, T. (2013). Harvesting tree biomass at the stand level to assess the accuracy of field and airborne biomass estimation in savannas. Ecological Applications, 23(5). https://doi.org/10.1890/12-0922.1 Cite

Dantas, V. de L., & Pausas, J. G. (2013). The lanky and the corky: fire‐escape strategies in savanna woody species. Journal of Ecology, 101(5), 1265–1272. Cite

Donohue, R. J., Roderick, M. L., McVicar, T. R., & Farquhar, G. D. (2013). Impact of CO2 fertilization on maximum foliage cover across the globe’s warm, arid environments. Geophysical Research Letters, 40(12), 3031–3035. https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50563 Cite

Dormann, C. F., Elith, J., Bacher, S., Buchmann, C., Carl, G., Carré, G., Marquéz, J. R. G., Gruber, B., Lafourcade, B., Leitão, P. J., Münkemüller, T., Mcclean, C., Osborne, P. E., Reineking, B., Schröder, B., Skidmore, A. K., Zurell, D., & Lautenbach, S. (2013). Collinearity: A review of methods to deal with it and a simulation study evaluating their performance. Ecography, 36(1), 27–46. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0587.2012.07348.x Cite

Ecology, G. (2013). A History of Fear : Imagining Deforestation in the West African Dryland Forests Author ( s ): Jesse C . Ribot Reviewed work ( s ): Source : Global Ecology and Biogeography , Vol . 8 , No . 3 / 4 , Tropical Open Woodlands Special Published by : Wiley conte. 8(3), 291–300. Cite

Eleftheriou, A. (2013). Methods for the study of marine benthos: Vol. null (4th edn, Ed.). Cite

Eller, C. B., Lima, A. L., & Oliveira, R. S. (2013). Foliar uptake of fog water and transport belowground alleviates drought effects in the cloud forest tree species, Drimys brasiliensis (Winteraceae). New Phytologist, 199(1), 151–162. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.12248 Cite

Face, D. (2013). Letters Does carbon storage limit tree growth? Cite

February, E. C., Cook, G. D., & Richards, A. E. (2013). Root dynamics influence tree-grass coexistence in an Australian savanna. Austral Ecology, 38(1), 66–75. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2012.02376.x Cite

February, E. C., Cook, G. D., & Richards, A. E. (2013). Root dynamics influence tree-grass coexistence in an Australian savanna. Austral Ecology, 38(1), 66–75. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2012.02376.x Cite

February, E. C., Higgins, S. I., Bond, W. J., & Swemmer, L. (2013). Influence of competition and rainfall manipulation on the growth responses of savanna trees and grasses. Ecology, 94(5), 1155–1164. https://doi.org/10.1890/12-0540.1 Cite

February, E. C., Higgins, S. I., Bond, W. J., & Swemmer, L. K. (2013). Influence of competition and rainfall manipulation on the growth responses of savanna trees and grasses. Ecology, 94(5), 1155–1164. https://doi.org/10.1890/12-0540.1 Cite

Field, J. G., Attwood, C. G., Jarre, A., Sink, K., Atkinson, L. J., & Petersen, S. (2013). Cooperation between scientists, NGOs and industry in support of sustainable fisheries: the South African hake Merluccius spp. trawl fishery experience a: south african merluccius spp. fishery cooperation. Journal of Fish Biology, n/a-n/a. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.12118 Cite

Fitchett, J. M. (2013). Phenological response of citrus flowering to climate variability and change in Iran: 1960-2010 [MSc thesis]. University of the Witwatersrand. Cite

Fleddum, A., Atkinson, L. J., Field, J. G., & Shin, P. (2013). Changes in biological traits of macro-benthic communities subjected to different intensities of demersal trawling along the west coast of southern Africa. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 93(8), 2027–2038. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315413000647 Cite

Gibson, L. A., Jarmain, C., Su, Z., & Eckardt, F. E. (2013). Estimating evapotranspiration using remote sensing and the surface energy balance system – A South African perspective. Water SA, 39(4), 477–484. https://doi.org/10.4314/wsa.v39i4.5 Cite

Goheen, J. R., Palmer, T. M., Charles, G. K., Helgen, K. M., Kinyua, S. N., Maclean, J. E., Turner, B. L., Young, H. S., & Pringle, R. M. (2013). Piecewise disassembly of a large-herbivore community across a rainfall gradient: the UHURU experiment. PloS One, 8(2), e55192. Cite

Gotelli, N. J., & Chao, A. (2013). Measuring and Estimating Species Richness , Species Diversity , and Biotic Similarity from Sampling Data Provided for non-commercial research and educational use only . Not for reproduction , distribution or commercial use . Encyclopedia of Biodiversity, 5(2013), 195–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-384719-5.00424-X Cite

Gray, E. F., & Bond, W. J. (2013). Will woody plant encroachment impact the visitor experience and economy of conservation areas? Koedoe, 55(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v55i1.1106 Cite

Grellier, S., Ward, D., Janeau, J. L., Podwojewski, P., Lorentz, S., Abbadie, L., Valentin, C., & Barot, S. (2013). Positive versus negative environmental impacts of tree encroachment in South Africa. Acta Oecologica, 53, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actao.2013.08.002 Cite

Herrero, M., Havlík, P., Valin, H., Notenbaert, A., Rufino, M. C., Thornton, P. K., Blümmel, M., Weiss, F., Grace, D., & Obersteiner, M. (2013). Biomass use, production, feed efficiencies, and greenhouse gas emissions from global livestock systems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 110(52), 20888–20893. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1308149110 Cite

Hong, A. H., & Sullivan, F. R. (2013). Towards an idea-centered, principle-base design to as creation approach support learning knowledge. Educational Technology Research and Development, 57(5), 613–627. https://doi.org/10.1007/sl Cite






2012
2592029
2012
items
1
0
author
asc
1
218
https://www.saeon.ac.za/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
%7B%22status%22%3A%22success%22%2C%22updateneeded%22%3Afalse%2C%22instance%22%3A%22zotpress-2cbdfdb6c4607c0b4d3bf12aa2b5666a%22%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22request_last%22%3A100%2C%22request_next%22%3A50%2C%22used_cache%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22data%22%3A%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%227YVDZWSQ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Adelabu%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAdelabu%2C%20S.%2C%20Mutanga%2C%20O.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Azong%2C%20M.%20%282012%29.%20A%20Review%20of%20Remote%20Sensing%20of%20Insect%20Defoliation%20and%20its%20Implications%20for%20the%20Detection%20and%20Mapping%20of%20Imbrasia%20belina%20Defoliation%20of%20Mopane%20Woodland.%20%3Ci%3EThe%20African%20Journal%20of%20Plant%20Science%20and%20Biotechnology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E6%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%201%26%23×2013%3B13.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D7YVDZWSQ%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20Review%20of%20Remote%20Sensing%20of%20Insect%20Defoliation%20and%20its%20Implications%20for%20the%20Detection%20and%20Mapping%20of%20Imbrasia%20belina%20Defoliation%20of%20Mopane%20Woodland%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Samuel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Adelabu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Onisimo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mutanga%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Moses%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Azong%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Forest%20health%2C%20especially%20insect%20defoliation%20monitoring%20in%20forest%20using%20direct%20sampling%20and%20visual%20estimation%20has%20been%20only%20moderately%20successful%20due%20to%20its%20cost%2C%20time%20required%20for%20sampling%2C%20and%20most%20importantly%20the%20need%20to%20collect%20data%20immediately%20before%20and%20after%20an%20extreme%20event.%20However%2C%20remote%20sensing%20techniques%20offer%20timely%2C%20up-to-date%2C%20and%20relatively%20accurate%20information%20for%20sustainable%20and%20effective%20management%20of%20forest%20health.%20In%20this%20paper%2C%20we%20discuss%20the%20different%20approaches%20including%20the%20remote%20sensing%20platforms%20and%20techniques%20that%20have%20been%20used%20for%20assessing%20insect%20defoliation%20and%20its%20implications%20for%20detecting%20and%20monitoring%20mopane%20worm%20defoliation%20of%20mopane%20woodland%2C%20highlighting%20their%20strengths%20and%20weakness.%20Research%20gaps%20in%20the%20detection%20of%20insect%20defoliation%20with%20remote%20sensing%20are%20highlighted%20and%20future%20directions%20of%20research%20are%20also%20proposed.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A50%3A23Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22FB3TZ9RL%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Allred%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAllred%2C%20B.%20W.%2C%20Fuhlendorf%2C%20S.%20D.%2C%20Smeins%2C%20F.%20E.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Taylor%2C%20C.%20A.%20%282012%29.%20Herbivore%20species%20and%20grazing%20intensity%20regulate%20community%20composition%20and%20an%20encroaching%20woody%20plant%20in%20semi-arid%20rangeland.%20%3Ci%3EBasic%20and%20Applied%20Ecology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E13%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20149%26%23×2013%3B158.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.baae.2012.02.007%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.baae.2012.02.007%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DFB3TZ9RL%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Herbivore%20species%20and%20grazing%20intensity%20regulate%20community%20composition%20and%20an%20encroaching%20woody%20plant%20in%20semi-arid%20rangeland%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Brady%20W%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Allred%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Samuel%20D%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fuhlendorf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fred%20E%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Smeins%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Charles%20A%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Taylor%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Grazing%20by%20livestock%20can%20influence%20ecosystems%20in%20various%20ways%2C%20including%20altering%20plant%20communities%2C%20influencing%20woody%20plant%20encroachment%2C%20and%20determining%20livestock%20productivity.%20Evaluating%20long%20term%20effects%20of%20grazing%20on%20plant%20composition%20is%20valuable%20not%20only%20to%20understand%20herbivory%20on%20rangelands%20but%20to%20be%20able%20to%20address%20the%20primary%20factors%20that%20can%20threaten%20long%20term%20livestock%20productivity.%20We%20examined%20plant%20species%20composition%20and%20woody%20plant%20encroachment%2045%20years%20after%20the%20initiation%20of%20differing%20grazing%20treatments%20within%20a%20semiarid%20savanna%20of%20the%20southern%20Great%20Plains%2C%20USA.%20Grazing%20treatments%20varied%20in%20herbivore%20type%20%28domestic%20cattle%2C%20sheep%2C%20and%20goats%20vs.%20goats%20only%29%20and%20grazing%20intensity%20%28heavy%2C%20moderate%2C%20and%20no-herbivory%29.%20All%20individual%20trees%20of%20Juniperus%20ashei%20Buchholz%2C%20the%20encroaching%20woody%20plant%20of%20the%20area%2C%20were%20removed%20prior%20to%20treatment%20initiation.%20Moderate%20and%20heavy%20grazing%20by%20a%20combination%20of%20species%20resulted%20in%20similar%20plant%20communities%2C%20while%20a%20history%20of%20heavy%20browsing%20by%20goats%20only%20and%20no-herbivory%20resulted%20in%20more%20distinct%20communities.%20Cover%20of%20J.%20ashei%20did%20not%20differ%20between%20mixed%20grazing%20and%20no-herbivory%20treatments%2C%20indicating%20that%20grazing%20was%20not%20responsible%20for%20woody%20plant%20encroachment.%20J.%20ashei%20cover%20within%20the%20browsed%20treatment%20was%20a%20third%20less%20compared%20to%20other%20treatments%3B%20compositional%20differences%20within%20this%20treatment%20are%20possibly%20due%20to%20reduced%20cover%20of%20woody%20vegetation.%20Declines%20in%20livestock%20productivity%20of%20the%20area%20are%20likely%20related%20to%20compositional%20changes%20resulting%20from%20increased%20woody%20plants.%20Livestock%20production%20within%20this%20semi-arid%20rangeland%20is%20likely%20unsustainable%20without%20management%20of%20woody%20plant%20encroachment%2C%20as%20communities%20tend%20to%20a%20closed%20canopy%20woodland.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.baae.2012.02.007%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fallredbw.com%5C%2Fpublications%5C%2FAllred2012.pdf%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A14%3A25Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22FJE5FVDU%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Anderson%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012-02%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAnderson%2C%20T.%20M.%2C%20Sch%26%23xFC%3Btz%2C%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Risch%2C%20A.%20C.%20%282012%29.%20Seed%20germination%20cues%20and%20the%20importance%20of%20the%20soil%20seed%20bank%20across%20an%20environmental%20gradient%20in%20the%20Serengeti.%20%3Ci%3EOikos%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E121%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20306%26%23×2013%3B312.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1600-0706.2011.19803.x%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1600-0706.2011.19803.x%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DFJE5FVDU%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Seed%20germination%20cues%20and%20the%20importance%20of%20the%20soil%20seed%20bank%20across%20an%20environmental%20gradient%20in%20the%20Serengeti%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%20Michael%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Anderson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sch%5Cu00fctz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anita%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Risch%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222012-02%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fj.1600-0706.2011.19803.x%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2200301299%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.wiley.com%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1600-0706.2011.19803.x%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A15%3A53Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22VDDUNEH7%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Applications%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EApplications%2C%20S.%20E.%2C%20Aug%2C%20N.%2C%20Lesica%2C%20P.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Steele%2C%20B.%20M.%20%282012%29.%20%3Ci%3EA%20Method%20for%20Monitoring%20Long-Term%20Population%20Trends%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20An%20Example%20Using%20Rare%20Arctic-%20Alpine%20Plants%20Author%20%28%20s%20%29%3A%20Peter%20Lesica%20and%20Brian%20M%20.%20Steele%20A%20METHOD%20FOR%20MONITORING%20LONG-TERM%20POPULATION%20TRENDS%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20AN%20EXAMPLE%20USING%20RARE%20ARCTIC-ALPINE%20PLANTS%20%26%23×2019%3B%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ci%3E6%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%20879%26%23×2013%3B887.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DVDDUNEH7%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20Method%20for%20Monitoring%20Long-Term%20Population%20Trends%20%3A%20An%20Example%20Using%20Rare%20Arctic-%20Alpine%20Plants%20Author%20%28%20s%20%29%3A%20Peter%20Lesica%20and%20Brian%20M%20.%20Steele%20A%20METHOD%20FOR%20MONITORING%20LONG-TERM%20POPULATION%20TRENDS%20%3A%20AN%20EXAMPLE%20USING%20RARE%20ARCTIC-ALPINE%20PLANTS%20%27%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Source%20Ecological%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Applications%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22No%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Aug%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lesica%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Brian%20M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Steele%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A50%3A41Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22YXWRFX5B%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Asner%20and%20Levick%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAsner%2C%20G.%20P.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Levick%2C%20S.%20R.%20%282012%29.%20Landscape-scale%20effects%20of%20herbivores%20on%20treefall%20in%20African%20savannas.%20%3Ci%3EEcology%20Letters%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E15%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2811%29%2C%201211%26%23×2013%3B1217.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1461-0248.2012.01842.x%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1461-0248.2012.01842.x%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DYXWRFX5B%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Landscape-scale%20effects%20of%20herbivores%20on%20treefall%20in%20African%20savannas%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gregory%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Asner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Shaun%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Levick%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Herbivores%20cause%20treefalls%20in%20African%20savannas%2C%20but%20rates%20are%20unknown%20at%20large%20scales%20required%20to%20forecast%20changes%20in%20biodiversity%20and%20ecosystem%20processes.%20We%20combined%20landscape-scale%20herbivore%20exclosures%20with%20repeat%20airborne%20Light%20Detection%20and%20Ranging%20of%2058%20429%20trees%20in%20Kruger%20National%20Park%2C%20South%20Africa%2C%20to%20assess%20sources%20of%20savanna%20treefall%20across%20nested%20gradients%20of%20climate%2C%20topography%2C%20and%20soil%20fertility.%20Elephants%20were%20revealed%20as%20the%20primary%20agent%20of%20treefall%20across%20widely%20varying%20savanna%20conditions%2C%20and%20a%20large-scale%20%27elephant%20trap%27%20predominantly%20removes%20maturing%20savanna%20trees%20in%20the%205-9%20m%20height%20range.%20Treefall%20rates%20averaged%206%20times%20higher%20in%20areas%20accessible%20to%20elephants%2C%20but%20proportionally%20more%20treefall%20occurred%20on%20high-nutrient%20basalts%20and%20in%20lowland%20catena%20areas.%20These%20patterns%20were%20superimposed%20on%20a%20climate-mediated%20regime%20of%20increasing%20treefall%20with%20precipitation%20in%20the%20absence%20of%20herbivores.%20These%20landscape-scale%20patterns%20reveal%20environmental%20controls%20underpinning%20herbivore-mediated%20tree%20turnover%2C%20highlighting%20the%20need%20for%20context-dependent%20science%20and%20management.%20%5Cu00a9%202012%20Blackwell%20Publishing%20Ltd%5C%2FCNRS.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fj.1461-0248.2012.01842.x%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221461023X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A12%3A58Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22BQJXMG5R%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Asner%20and%20Levick%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAsner%2C%20G.%20P.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Levick%2C%20S.%20R.%20%282012%29.%20Landscape-scale%20effects%20of%20herbivores%20on%20treefall%20in%20African%20savannas.%20%3Ci%3EEcology%20Letters%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E15%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2811%29%2C%201211%26%23×2013%3B1217.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DBQJXMG5R%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Landscape-scale%20effects%20of%20herbivores%20on%20treefall%20in%20African%20savannas%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gregory%20P%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Asner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Shaun%20R%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Levick%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221461-0248%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A24%3A42Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%223DWF5FTV%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Atkinson%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012-06-15%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAtkinson%2C%20L.%20J.%2C%20Jarre%2C%20A.%2C%20Shannon%2C%20L.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Field%2C%20J.%20G.%20%282012%29.%20Evidence%20for%20Shifts%20in%20Demersal%20Fish%20Populations%20on%20the%20West%20Coast%20of%20South%20Africa%3A%201986%20to%202009.%20In%20G.%20H.%20Kruse%2C%20H.%20I.%20Browman%2C%20K.%20L.%20Cochrane%2C%20D.%20Evans%2C%20G.%20S.%20Jamieson%2C%20P.%20A.%20Livingston%2C%20%26amp%3B%20D.%20Woodby%2C%20%3Ci%3EGlobal%20Progress%20in%20Ecosystem-Based%20Fisheries%20Management%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%28pp.%2045%26%23×2013%3B64%29.%20Alaska%20Sea%20Grant%2C%20University%20of%20Alaska%20Fairbanks.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fseagrant.uaf.edu%5C%2Fbookstore%5C%2Fpubs%5C%2FAK-SG-12-01.html%27%3Ehttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fseagrant.uaf.edu%5C%2Fbookstore%5C%2Fpubs%5C%2FAK-SG-12-01.html%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D3DWF5FTV%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22bookSection%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Evidence%20for%20Shifts%20in%20Demersal%20Fish%20Populations%20on%20the%20West%20Coast%20of%20South%20Africa%3A%201986%20to%202009%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Atkinson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jarre%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shannon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Field%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22bookAuthor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kruse%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22bookAuthor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.I.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Browman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22bookAuthor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cochrane%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22bookAuthor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Evans%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22bookAuthor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jamieson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22bookAuthor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Livingston%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22bookAuthor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Woodby%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22bookTitle%22%3A%22Global%20Progress%20in%20Ecosystem-Based%20Fisheries%20Management%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22June%2015%2C%202012%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-1-56612-166-8%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fseagrant.uaf.edu%5C%2Fbookstore%5C%2Fpubs%5C%2FAK-SG-12-01.html%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BGDWYJZJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-12-15T12%3A06%3A38Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22KL6TJGI8%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Beerling%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBeerling%2C%20D.%20J.%2C%20Taylor%2C%20L.%20L.%2C%20Bradshaw%2C%20C.%20D.%20C.%2C%20Lunt%2C%20D.%20J.%2C%20Valdes%2C%20P.%20J.%2C%20Banwart%2C%20S.%20A.%2C%20Pagani%2C%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Leake%2C%20J.%20R.%20%282012%29.%20Ecosystem%20CO%202%20starvation%20and%20terrestrial%20silicate%20weathering%3A%20Mechanisms%20and%20global-scale%20quantification%20during%20the%20late%20Miocene.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Ecology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E100%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%2031%26%23×2013%3B41.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1365-2745.2011.01905.x%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1365-2745.2011.01905.x%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DKL6TJGI8%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Ecosystem%20CO%202%20starvation%20and%20terrestrial%20silicate%20weathering%3A%20Mechanisms%20and%20global-scale%20quantification%20during%20the%20late%20Miocene%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Beerling%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lyla%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Taylor%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Catherine%20D.C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bradshaw%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Daniel%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lunt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paul%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Valdes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Steven%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Banwart%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mark%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pagani%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jonathan%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Leake%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%221.%20The%20relative%20constancy%20of%20the%20lower%20limit%20on%20Earth%27s%20atmospheric%20CO%202%20concentration%20%28%5BCO%202%5D%20a%29%20during%20major%20tectonic%20episodes%20over%20the%20final%2024million%20years%20%28Ma%29%20of%20the%20Cenozoic%20is%20surprising%20because%20they%20are%20expected%20to%20draw-down%20%5BCO%202%5D%20a%20by%20enhancing%20chemical%20weathering%20and%20carbonate%20deposition%20on%20the%20seafloor.%20That%20%5BCO%202%5D%20a%20did%20not%20drop%20to%20extremely%20low%20values%20suggests%20the%20existence%20of%20feedback%20mechanisms%20that%20slow%20silicate%20weathering%20as%20%5BCO%202%5D%20a%20declines.%20One%20proposed%20mechanism%20is%20a%20negative%20feedback%20mediated%20through%20CO%202%20starvation%20of%20land%20plants%20in%20active%20orogenic%20regions%20compromising%20the%20efficiency%20of%20the%20primary%20carboxylating%20enzyme%20in%20C%203%20plants%20%28Rubisco%29%20and%20diminishing%20productivity%20and%20terrestrial%20weathering.%202.%20The%20CO%202%20starvation%20hypothesis%20is%20developed%20further%20by%20identifying%20four%20key%20related%20mechanisms%3A%20decreasing%20net%20primary%20production%20leading%20to%20%28i%29%20decreasing%20below-ground%20C%20allocation%2C%20reducing%20the%20surface%20area%20of%20contact%20between%20minerals%20and%20roots%20and%20mycorrhizal%20fungi%20and%20%28ii%29%20reduced%20demand%20for%20soil%20nutrients%20decreasing%20the%20active%20exudation%20of%20protons%20and%20organic%20acids%20by%20fine%20roots%20and%20mycorrhizas%3B%20%28iii%29%20lower%20carbon%20cost-for-nutrient%20benefits%20of%20arbuscular%20mycorrhizas%20%28AM%29%20favouring%20AM%20over%20ectomycorrhizal%20root-fungal%20symbioses%2C%20which%20are%20less%20effective%20at%20mineral%20weathering%2C%20and%20%28iv%29%20conversion%20of%20forest%20to%20C%203%20and%20C%204%20grassland%20arresting%20Ca%20leaching%20from%20soils.%203.%20We%20evaluated%20the%20global%20importance%20of%20mechanisms%201%20and%202%20in%20silicate%20weathering%20under%20a%20changing%20late%20Miocene%20%5BCO%202%5D%20a%20and%20climate%20using%20a%20process-based%20model%20describing%20the%20effects%20of%20plants%20and%20mycorrhizal%20fungi%20on%20the%20biological%20proton%20cycle%20and%20soil%20chemistry.%20The%20model%20captures%20what%20we%20believe%20are%20the%20key%20processes%20controlling%20the%20pH%20of%20the%20mycorrhizosphere%20and%20includes%20numerical%20routines%20for%20calculating%20weathering%20rates%20on%20basalt%20and%20granite%20using%20simple%20yet%20rigorous%20equilibrium%20chemistry%20and%20rate%20laws.%204.%20Our%20simulations%20indicate%20a%20reduction%20in%20the%20capacity%20of%20the%20terrestrial%20biosphere%20to%20weather%20continental%20silicate%20rocks%20by%20a%20factor%20of%20four%20in%20response%20to%20successively%20decreasing%20%5BCO%202%5D%20a%20values%20%28400%2C%20280%2C%20180%20and%20100p.p.m.%29%20and%20associated%20late%20Miocene%20%2811.6-5.3Ma%29%20cooling.%20Marked%20reductions%20in%20terrestrial%20weathering%20could%20effectively%20limit%20biologically%20mediated%20long-term%20carbon%20sequestration%20in%20marine%20sediments.%205.%20These%20results%20support%20the%20idea%20of%20terrestrial%20vegetation%20acting%20as%20a%20negative%20feedback%20mechanism%20that%20counteracts%20substantial%20declines%20in%20%5BCO%202%5D%20a%20linked%20to%20increased%20production%20of%20fresh%20weatherable%20minerals%20in%20warm%2C%20low-latitude%2C%20active%20orogenic%20regions.%20%5Cu00a9%202012%20The%20Authors.%20Journal%20of%20Ecology%20%5Cu00a9%202012%20British%20Ecological%20Society.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fj.1365-2745.2011.01905.x%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2200220477%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A59%3A10Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ANZJ8TW6%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bernard%20and%20G%5Cu00f6tz%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012-12-19%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBernard%2C%20A.%20T.%20F.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20G%26%23xF6%3Btz%2C%20A.%20%282012%29.%20Bait%20increases%20the%20precision%20in%20count%20data%20from%20remote%20underwater%20video%20for%20most%20subtidal%20reef%20fish%20in%20the%20warm-temperate%20Agulhas%20bioregion.%20%3Ci%3EMarine%20Ecology%20Progress%20Series%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E471%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20235%26%23×2013%3B252.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3354%5C%2Fmeps10039%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3354%5C%2Fmeps10039%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DANZJ8TW6%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Bait%20increases%20the%20precision%20in%20count%20data%20from%20remote%20underwater%20video%20for%20most%20subtidal%20reef%20fish%20in%20the%20warm-temperate%20Agulhas%20bioregion%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20T.%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bernard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22G%5Cu00f6tz%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Baited%20remote%20underwater%20video%20%28BRUV%29%20has%20been%20identified%20in%20the%20literature%20as%20a%20powerful%20long-term%20monitoring%20tool%20for%20subtidal%20rocky%20reef%20fish%20communities.%20To%20test%20this%2C%20a%20repeated-measures%20field%20experiment%20comparing%20unbaited%20remote%20underwater%20video%20%28RUV%29%20with%20BRUV%20was%20conducted%20in%20the%20Tsitsikamma%20National%20Park%20Marine%20Protected%20Area%20between%20June%202008%20and%20February%202010.%20The%20results%20demonstrate%20that%20BRUV%20was%20more%20efficient%20at%20surveying%20the%20entire%20fish%20community%2C%20specifically%20invertebrate%20carnivores%2C%20generalist%20carnivores%20and%20cartilaginous%20species.%20On%20the%20other%20hand%2C%20RUV%20was%20more%20effective%20at%20surveying%20microinvertebrate%20carnivores.%20High%20variability%20in%20the%20RUV%20data%20resulted%20in%20the%20method%20requiring%20a%20greater%20number%20of%20samples%20to%20achieve%20the%20same%20diagnostic%20power%20as%20BRUV.%20However%2C%20RUV%20required%20a%20shorter%20deployment%20and%20post-sampling%20video%20analysis%20time%2C%20making%20it%20more%20time%20efficient.%20Baited%20remote%20underwater%20video%20was%20more%20sensitive%20in%20the%20detection%20of%20differences%20in%20abundance%20between%20habitat%20types%2C%20while%20the%20RUV%20data%20were%20more%20prone%20to%20an%20intra-species%20methodological%20bias%20linked%20to%20the%20percentage%20of%20reef%20visible%20in%20the%20frame%20of%20view.%20The%20scale%20of%20the%20response%20to%20the%20presence%20of%20bait%20was%20inconsistent%20among%20species%2C%20indicating%20that%20behaviour%20determined%20the%20area%20surveyed%20within%20the%20bait%20plume%20of%20BRUV.%20The%20benefits%20gained%20by%20sampling%20the%20fish%20community%20with%20RUV%20do%20not%20outweigh%20those%20obtained%20by%20altering%20the%20community%20through%20the%20presence%20of%20bait.%20However%2C%20in%20combination%2C%20the%202%20methods%20are%20highly%20effective%20at%20monitoring%20the%20subtidal%20fish%20communities%20in%20the%20Agulhas%20bioregion%20of%20South%20Africa.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222012-12-19%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.3354%5C%2Fmeps10039%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220171-8630%2C%201616-1599%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.int-res.com%5C%2Fabstracts%5C%2Fmeps%5C%2Fv471%5C%2Fp235-252%5C%2F%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2285DCE2P4%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-26T09%3A10%3A17Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%222FKFQ3LU%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Biotropica%20and%20Jun%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBiotropica%2C%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Jun%2C%20N.%20%282012%29.%20Synergistic%20Relationships%20Between%20Fire%20and%20Low%20Soil%20Fertility%20in%20Neotropical%20Savannas%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20A%20Hypothesis%20Author%20%28%20s%20%29%3A%20Martin%20Kellman%20Reviewed%20work%20%28%20s%20%29%3A%20Synergistic%20Relationships%20between%20Fire%20and%20Low%20Soil%20Fertility%20in%20Neotropical%20Savannas%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20A%20Hypothesis.%20%3Ci%3EBiotropica%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E16%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20158%26%23×2013%3B160.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D2FKFQ3LU%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Synergistic%20Relationships%20Between%20Fire%20and%20Low%20Soil%20Fertility%20in%20Neotropical%20Savannas%20%3A%20A%20Hypothesis%20Author%20%28%20s%20%29%3A%20Martin%20Kellman%20Reviewed%20work%20%28%20s%20%29%3A%20Synergistic%20Relationships%20between%20Fire%20and%20Low%20Soil%20Fertility%20in%20Neotropical%20Savannas%20%3A%20A%20Hypothesis%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Source%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Biotropica%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22No%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jun%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A43%3A59Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22JGALDPFX%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Biotropica%20and%20Jun%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBiotropica%2C%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Jun%2C%20N.%20%282012%29.%20Synergistic%20Relationships%20Between%20Fire%20and%20Low%20Soil%20Fertility%20in%20Neotropical%20Savannas%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20A%20Hypothesis%20Author%20%28%20s%20%29%3A%20Martin%20Kellman%20Reviewed%20work%20%28%20s%20%29%3A%20Synergistic%20Relationships%20between%20Fire%20and%20Low%20Soil%20Fertility%20in%20Neotropical%20Savannas%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20A%20Hypothesis.%20%3Ci%3EBiotropica%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E16%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20158%26%23×2013%3B160.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DJGALDPFX%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Synergistic%20Relationships%20Between%20Fire%20and%20Low%20Soil%20Fertility%20in%20Neotropical%20Savannas%20%3A%20A%20Hypothesis%20Author%20%28%20s%20%29%3A%20Martin%20Kellman%20Reviewed%20work%20%28%20s%20%29%3A%20Synergistic%20Relationships%20between%20Fire%20and%20Low%20Soil%20Fertility%20in%20Neotropical%20Savannas%20%3A%20A%20Hypothesis%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Source%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Biotropica%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22No%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jun%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A04%3A59Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%222D3WHVXZ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Birkett%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBirkett%2C%20P.%20J.%2C%20Vanak%2C%20A.%20T.%2C%20Muggeo%2C%20V.%20M.%20R.%2C%20Ferreira%2C%20S.%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Slotow%2C%20R.%20%282012%29.%20Animal%20perception%20of%20seasonal%20thresholds%3A%20Changes%20in%20elephant%20movement%20in%20relation%20to%20rainfall%20patterns.%20%3Ci%3EPLoS%20ONE%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E7%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%286%29.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0038363%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0038363%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D2D3WHVXZ%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Animal%20perception%20of%20seasonal%20thresholds%3A%20Changes%20in%20elephant%20movement%20in%20relation%20to%20rainfall%20patterns%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Patricia%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Birkett%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Abi%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vanak%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Vito%20M.R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Muggeo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Salamon%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ferreira%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rob%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Slotow%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Background%3A%20The%20identification%20of%20temporal%20thresholds%20or%20shifts%20in%20animal%20movement%20informs%20ecologists%20of%20changes%20in%20an%20animal%27s%20behaviour%2C%20which%20contributes%20to%20an%20understanding%20of%20species%27%20responses%20in%20different%20environments.%20In%20African%20savannas%2C%20rainfall%2C%20temperature%20and%20primary%20productivity%20influence%20the%20movements%20of%20large%20herbivores%20and%20drive%20changes%20at%20different%20scales.%20Here%2C%20we%20developed%20a%20novel%20approach%20to%20define%20seasonal%20shifts%20in%20movement%20behaviour%20by%20examining%20the%20movements%20of%20a%20highly%20mobile%20herbivore%20%28elephant%3B%20Loxodonta%20africana%29%2C%20in%20relation%20to%20local%20and%20regional%20rainfall%20patterns.%20Methodology%5C%2FPrincipal%20Findings%3A%20We%20used%20speed%20to%20determine%20movement%20changes%20of%20between%208%20and%2014%20GPS-collared%20elephant%20cows%2C%20grouped%20into%20five%20spatial%20clusters%2C%20in%20Kruger%20National%20Park%2C%20South%20Africa.%20To%20detect%20broad-scale%20patterns%20of%20movement%2C%20we%20ran%20a%20three-year%20daily%20time-series%20model%20for%20each%20individual%20%282007-2009%29.%20Piecewise%20regression%20models%20provided%20the%20best%20fit%20for%20elephant%20movement%2C%20which%20exhibited%20a%20segmented%2C%20waveform%20pattern%20over%20time.%20Major%20breakpoints%20in%20speed%20occurred%20at%20the%20end%20of%20the%20dry%20and%20wet%20seasons%20of%20each%20year.%20During%20the%20dry%20season%2C%20female%20elephant%20are%20constrained%20by%20limited%20forage%20and%20thus%20the%20distances%20they%20cover%20are%20shorter%20and%20less%20variable.%20Despite%20the%20inter-annual%20variability%20of%20rainfall%2C%20speed%20breakpoints%20were%20strongly%20correlated%20with%20both%20local%20and%20regional%20rainfall%20breakpoints%20across%20all%20three%20years.%20Thus%2C%20at%20a%20multi-year%20scale%2C%20rainfall%20patterns%20significantly%20affect%20the%20movements%20of%20elephant.%20The%20variability%20of%20both%20speed%20and%20rainfall%20breakpoints%20across%20different%20years%20highlights%20the%20need%20for%20an%20objective%20definition%20of%20seasonal%20boundaries.%20Conclusions%5C%2FSignificance%3A%20By%20using%20objective%20criteria%20to%20determine%20behavioural%20shifts%2C%20we%20identified%20a%20biologically%20meaningful%20indicator%20of%20major%20changes%20in%20animal%20behaviour%20in%20different%20years.%20We%20recommend%20the%20use%20of%20such%20criteria%2C%20from%20an%20animal%27s%20perspective%2C%20for%20delineating%20seasons%20or%20other%20extrinsic%20shifts%20in%20ecological%20studies%2C%20rather%20than%20arbitrarily%20fixed%20definitions%20based%20on%20convention%20or%20common%20practice.%20%5Cu00a9%202012%20Birkett%20et%20al.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0038363%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2219326203%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A00%3A43Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22UWJZ2I47%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bond%20and%20Midgely%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBond%2C%20W.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Midgely%2C%20G.%20F.%20%282012%29.%20Carbon%20dioxide%20and%20the%20uneasy%20interactions%20of%20trees%20and%20savannah%20grasses.%20%3Ci%3EPhil.%20Trans.%20R.%20Soc.%20Lond.%20B%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E367%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20601%26%23×2013%3B612.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DUWJZ2I47%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Carbon%20dioxide%20and%20the%20uneasy%20interactions%20of%20trees%20and%20savannah%20grasses%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bond%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G%20F%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Midgely%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A23%3A55Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22DWG6T8KS%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bond%20and%20Midgley%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBond%2C%20W.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Midgley%2C%20G.%20F.%20%282012%29.%20Carbon%20dioxide%20and%20the%20uneasy%20interactions%20of%20trees%20and%20savannah%20grasses.%20%3Ci%3EPhilosophical%20Transactions%20of%20the%20Royal%20Society%20B%3A%20Biological%20Sciences%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E367%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281588%29%2C%20601%26%23×2013%3B612.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1098%5C%2Frstb.2011.0182%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1098%5C%2Frstb.2011.0182%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DDWG6T8KS%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Carbon%20dioxide%20and%20the%20uneasy%20interactions%20of%20trees%20and%20savannah%20grasses%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bond%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Guy%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Midgley%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Savannahs%20are%20a%20mixture%20of%20trees%20and%20grasses%20often%20occurring%20as%20alternate%20states%20to%20closed%20forests.%20Savannah%20fires%20are%20frequent%20where%20grass%20productivity%20is%20high%20in%20the%20wet%20season.%20Fires%20help%20maintain%20grassy%20vegetation%20where%20the%20climate%20is%20suitable%20for%20woodlands%20or%20forests.%20Saplings%20in%20savannahs%20are%20particularly%20vulnerable%20to%20topkill%20of%20above-ground%20biomass.%20Larger%20trees%20are%20more%20fire-resistant%20and%20suffer%20little%20damage%20when%20burnt.%20Recruitment%20to%20large%20mature%20tree%20size%20classes%20depends%20on%20sapling%20growth%20rates%20to%20fire-resistant%20sizes%20and%20the%20time%20between%20fires.%20Carbon%20dioxide%20%28CO2%29%20can%20influence%20the%20growth%20rate%20of%20juvenile%20plants%2C%20thereby%20affecting%20tree%20recruitment%20and%20the%20conversion%20of%20open%20savannahs%20to%20woodlands.%20Trees%20have%20increased%20in%20many%20savannahs%20throughout%20the%20world%2C%20whereas%20some%20humid%20savannahs%20are%20being%20invaded%20by%20forests.%20CO2%20has%20been%20implicated%20in%20this%20woody%20increase%20but%20attribution%20to%20global%20drivers%20has%20been%20controversial%20where%20changes%20in%20grazing%20and%20fire%20have%20also%20occurred.%20We%20report%20on%20diverse%20tests%20of%20the%20magnitude%20of%20CO2%20effects%20on%20both%20ancient%20and%20modern%20ecosystems%20with%20a%20particular%20focus%20on%20African%20savannahs.%20Large%20increases%20in%20trees%20of%20mesic%20savannahs%20in%20the%20region%20cannot%20easily%20be%20explained%20by%20land%20use%20change%20but%20are%20consistent%20with%20experimental%20and%20simulation%20studies%20of%20CO2%20effects.%20Changes%20in%20arid%20savannahs%20seem%20less%20obviously%20linked%20to%20CO2%20effects%20and%20may%20be%20driven%20more%20by%20overgrazing.%20Large-scale%20shifts%20in%20the%20tree-grass%20balance%20in%20the%20past%20and%20the%20future%20need%20to%20be%20better%20understood.%20They%20not%20only%20have%20major%20impacts%20on%20the%20ecology%20of%20grassy%20ecosystems%20but%20also%20on%20Earth-atmosphere%20linkages%20and%20the%20global%20carbon%20cycle%20in%20ways%20that%20are%20still%20being%20discovered.%20%5Cu00a9%202012%20The%20Royal%20Society.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1098%5C%2Frstb.2011.0182%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2214712970%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A02%3A52Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22IU3JNQQY%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bond%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBond%2C%20W.%20J.%2C%20Cook%2C%20G.%20D.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Williams%2C%20R.%20J.%20%282012%29.%20Which%20trees%20dominate%20in%20savannas%3F%20The%20escape%20hypothesis%20and%20eucalypts%20in%20northern%20Australia.%20%3Ci%3EAustral%20Ecology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E37%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%286%29%2C%20678%26%23×2013%3B685.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DIU3JNQQY%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Which%20trees%20dominate%20in%20savannas%3F%20The%20escape%20hypothesis%20and%20eucalypts%20in%20northern%20Australia%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bond%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G%20D%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cook%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Williams%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221442-9993%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A23%3A54Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22VD44H3L8%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bowker%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBowker%2C%20M.%20A.%2C%20Mu%26%23xF1%3Boz%2C%20A.%2C%20Martinez%2C%20T.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Lau%2C%20M.%20K.%20%282012%29.%20Rare%20drought-induced%20mortality%20of%20juniper%20is%20enhanced%20by%20edaphic%20stressors%20and%20influenced%20by%20stand%20density.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Arid%20Environments%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E76%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%209%26%23×2013%3B16.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2FJ.JARIDENV.2011.08.012%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2FJ.JARIDENV.2011.08.012%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DVD44H3L8%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Rare%20drought-induced%20mortality%20of%20juniper%20is%20enhanced%20by%20edaphic%20stressors%20and%20influenced%20by%20stand%20density%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bowker%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mu%5Cu00f1oz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Martinez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lau%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22During%202001%5Cu20132003%2C%20a%20severe%20sub-continental%20drought%20resulted%20in%20a%20mortality%20event%20involving%20multiple%20woody%20plant%20species.%20Mass-mortality%20%28up%20to%2065%25%20mortality%20in%20the%20locality%20studied%29%20of%20the%20most%20drought%20resistant%20tree%20in%20the%20region%2C%20Juniperus%20monosperma%20%28Engelm%29Sarq.%2C%20resulted%20in%20a%20conspicuously%20heterogeneous%20dieback%20pattern.%20Mortality%20was%20over%20three%20times%20greater%20in%20grassland%20landscapes%20compared%20to%20adjacent%20woodlands.%20We%20investigated%20the%20relative%20importance%20of%20biotic%20stressors%20%28abundance%20of%20grass%2C%20tree%20density%29%2C%20edaphic%20stressors%20%28soil%20texture%29%2C%20and%20climatic%20stressors%20%28heat%20load%29%20in%20determination%20of%20mortality.%20Using%20a%20multivariate%20modeling%20approach%20we%20separated%20the%20correlated%20edaphic%20and%20climatic%20influences%2C%20and%20determined%20that%20soil%20texture%20was%20the%20primary%20driver.%20We%20hypothesize%20that%20hydraulic%20failure%20in%20juniper%20was%20influenced%20by%20small-scale%20variation%20in%20matrix%20water%20potential%20%28%5Cu03c8m%29.%20Density%20of%20tree%20stands%20also%20exerted%20an%20apparent%20competitive%20effect%20in%20grasslands%20and%20an%20apparent%20facilitative%20effect%20in%20woodlands.%20This%20study%20offers%20a%20rare%20glimpse%20of%20the%20extreme%20drought%20response%20of%20an%20anisohydric%20tree.%20The%20characteristics%20of%20sites%20with%20high%20juniper%20mortality%20may%20allow%20insight%20into%20the%20consequences%20of%20climate%20change%20impacts%2C%20enabling%20prediction%20of%20the%20types%20of%20sites%20which%20may%20be%20affected%20in%20the%20future.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222012-01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2FJ.JARIDENV.2011.08.012%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220140-1963%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%5C%2Fscience%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fabs%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0140196311002527%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A14%3A23Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22GQVH4N4D%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Buitenwerf%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBuitenwerf%2C%20R.%2C%20Bond%2C%20W.%20J.%2C%20Stevens%2C%20N.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Trollope%2C%20W.%20S.%20W.%20%282012%29.%20Increased%20tree%20densities%20in%20South%20African%20savannas%3A%20%5C%5Ctextgreater50%20years%20of%20data%20suggests%20CO%202%20as%20a%20driver.%20%3Ci%3EGlobal%20Change%20Biology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E18%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20675%26%23×2013%3B684.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1365-2486.2011.02561.x%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1365-2486.2011.02561.x%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DGQVH4N4D%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Increased%20tree%20densities%20in%20South%20African%20savannas%3A%20%5C%5Ctextgreater50%20years%20of%20data%20suggests%20CO%202%20as%20a%20driver%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Buitenwerf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bond%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stevens%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%20S.W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Trollope%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22For%20the%20past%20century%2C%20woody%20plants%20have%20increased%20in%20grasslands%20and%20savannas%20worldwide.%20Woody%20encroachment%20may%20significantly%20alter%20ecosystem%20functioning%20including%20fire%20regimes%2C%20herbivore%20carrying%20capacity%2C%20biodiversity%20and%20carbon%20storage%20capacity.%20Traditionally%2C%20increases%20in%20woody%20cover%20and%20density%20have%20been%20ascribed%20to%20changes%20in%20the%20disturbance%20regime%20%28fire%20and%20herbivores%29%20or%20rainfall.%20Increased%20atmospheric%20CO%202%20concentrations%20may%20also%20contribute%2C%20by%20increasing%20growth%20rates%20of%20trees%20relative%20to%20grasses.%20This%20hypothesis%20is%20still%20heavily%20debated%20because%20usually%20potential%20CO%202%20effects%20are%20confounded%20by%20changes%20in%20land%20use%20%28disturbance%20regime%29.%20Here%20we%20analyse%20changes%20in%20woody%20density%20in%20fire%20experiments%20at%20three%20sites%20in%20South%20African%20savannas%20where%20the%20disturbance%20regime%20%28fire%20and%20herbivores%29%20was%20kept%20constant%20for%2030%20and%2050%20years.%20If%20global%20drivers%20had%20significant%20effects%20on%20woody%20plants%2C%20we%20would%20expect%20significant%20increases%20in%20tree%20densities%20and%20biomass%20over%20time%20under%20the%20constant%20disturbance%20regime.%20Woody%20density%20remained%20constant%20in%20a%20semiarid%20savanna%20but%20tripled%20in%20a%20mesic%20savanna%20between%20the%201970s%20and%201990s.%20At%20the%20third%20site%2C%20a%20semiarid%20savanna%20near%20the%20southern%20limits%20of%20the%20biome%2C%20tree%20density%20doubled%20from%20the%20mid%201990s%20to%202010.%20Interpretation%20of%20the%20causes%20is%20confounded%20by%20population%20recovery%20after%20clearing%2C%20but%20aerial%20photograph%20analysis%20on%20adjacent%20non-cleared%20areas%20showed%20an%20accompanying%2048%25%20increase%20in%20woody%20cover.%20Increased%20CO%202%20concentrations%20are%20consistent%20with%20increased%20woody%20density%20while%20other%20global%20drivers%20%28rainfall%29%20remained%20constant%20over%20the%20duration%20of%20the%20experiments.%20The%20absence%20of%20a%20response%20in%20one%20semiarid%20savanna%20could%20be%20explained%20by%20a%20smaller%20carbon%20sink%20capacity%20of%20the%20dominant%20species%2C%20which%20would%20therefore%20benefit%20less%20from%20increased%20CO%202.%20Understanding%20how%20savannas%20and%20grasslands%20respond%20to%20increased%20CO%202%20and%20identifying%20the%20causes%20of%20woody%20encroachment%20are%20essential%20for%20the%20successful%20management%20of%20these%20systems.%20%5Cu00a9%202011%20Blackwell%20Publishing%20Ltd.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fj.1365-2486.2011.02561.x%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2213541013%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A58%3A04Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22C49R8GCX%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Carla%20Staver%20and%20Levin%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECarla%20Staver%2C%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Levin%2C%20S.%20A.%20%282012%29.%20Integrating%20theoretical%20climate%20and%20fire%20effects%20on%20savanna%20and%20forest%20systems.%20%3Ci%3EAmerican%20Naturalist%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E180%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20211%26%23×2013%3B224.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1086%5C%2F666648%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1086%5C%2F666648%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DC49R8GCX%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Integrating%20theoretical%20climate%20and%20fire%20effects%20on%20savanna%20and%20forest%20systems%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Carla%20Staver%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Simon%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Levin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20role%20of%20fire%20and%20climate%20in%20determining%20savanna%20and%20forest%20distributions%20requires%20comprehensive%20theoretical%20reevaluation.%20Empirical%20studies%20show%20that%20climate%20constrains%20maximum%20tree%20cover%20and%20that%20fire%20feedbacks%20can%20reduce%20tree%20cover%20substantially%2C%20but%20neither%20the%20stability%20nor%20the%20dynamics%20of%20these%20systems%20are%20well%20understood.%20A%20theoretical%20integration%20of%20rainfall%20effects%20with%20fire%20processes%20in%20particular%20is%20lacking.%20We%20use%20simple%2C%20well-supported%20assumptions%20about%20the%20percolation%20dynamics%20of%20fire%20spread%20and%20the%20demographic%20effects%20of%20climate%20and%20fire%20on%20trees%20to%20build%20a%20dynamic%20model%20examining%20the%20stability%20of%20tree%20cover%20in%20savannas%20and%20forests.%20Fire%20results%20in%20the%20potential%20for%20one%20or%20possibly%20two%20stable%20equilibria%2C%20while%20the%20effects%20of%20increasing%20rainfall%20on%20tree%20demography%20result%20in%20%28discontinuous%29%20increases%20in%20tree%20cover%20and%20in%20forest%20tree%20dominance.%20As%20rainfall%20increases%2C%20the%20system%20moves%20from%20%281%29%20stable%20low%20tree%20cover%20to%20%282%29%20bistability%20of%20low%20and%20high%20tree%20cover%20to%20%283%29%20stable%20high%20tree%20cover.%20Thus%2C%20theory%20suggests%20that%20tree%20cover%20uniquely%20determined%20by%20climate%20at%20low%20and%20high%20rainfall%20but%20determined%20by%20fire%20feedbacks%20at%20intermediate%20rainfall-as%20empirical%20studies%20suggest-may%20be%20a%20universal%20feature%20of%20systems%20where%20fire%20has%20strong%20effects%20on%20tree%20demography.%20%5Cu00a9%202012%20by%20The%20University%20of%20Chicago.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1086%5C%2F666648%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2200030147%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A43%3A07Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22VFH8QX2E%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Cermak%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECermak%2C%20J.%20%282012%29.%20Low%20clouds%20and%20fog%20along%20the%20South-Western%20African%20coast%20-%20Satellite-based%20retrieval%20and%20spatial%20patterns.%20%3Ci%3EAtmospheric%20Research%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E116%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%2015%26%23×2013%3B21.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.atmosres.2011.02.012%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.atmosres.2011.02.012%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DVFH8QX2E%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Low%20clouds%20and%20fog%20along%20the%20South-Western%20African%20coast%20-%20Satellite-based%20retrieval%20and%20spatial%20patterns%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cermak%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20spatial%20and%20temporal%20patterns%20of%20fog%20and%20low%20clouds%20along%20the%20South-Western%20African%20coast%20are%20characterized%20based%20on%20an%20evaluation%20of%20Meteosat%20SEVIRI%20satellite%20data.%20A%20technique%20for%20the%20detection%20of%20fog%5C%2Flow%20clouds%20in%20the%20region%20is%20introduced%2C%20and%20validated%20using%201.%20year%20of%20CALIOP%20cloud%20lidar%20products%2C%20showing%20reliable%20performance.%20The%20frequency%20of%20fog%20and%20low%20cloud%20in%20the%20study%20area%20is%20analyzed%20by%20systematic%20application%20of%20the%20technique%20to%20all%20available%20Meteosat%20SEVIRI%20scenes%20from%202004%20to%202009%2C%20for%207%3A00%20UTC%20and%2014%3A00%20UTC.%20The%20highest%20frequencies%20are%20encountered%20in%20the%20area%20around%20Walvis%20Bay%2C%20with%20a%20peak%20in%20the%20summer%20months.%20Fog%20and%20low%20clouds%20clear%20by%2014%3A00%20UTC%20almost%20everywhere%20over%20land.%20Supplementary%20data%20are%20available%20at%20doi%3A10.1594%5C%2FPANGAEA.755427.%20%5Cu00a9%202011%20Elsevier%20B.V.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.atmosres.2011.02.012%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2201698095%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.atmosres.2011.02.012%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A53%3A51Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22KIBXQUVH%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Child%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EChild%2C%20B.%20%282012%29.%20The%20sustainable%20use%20approach%20could%20save%20South%20Africa%26%23×2019%3Bs%20rhinos.%20%3Ci%3ESouth%20African%20Journal%20of%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E108%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%204.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2Fdx.doi.org%5C%2F10.4102%5C%2Fsajs.%20v108i7%5C%2F8.1338%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2Fdx.doi.org%5C%2F10.4102%5C%2Fsajs.%20v108i7%5C%2F8.1338%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DKIBXQUVH%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20sustainable%20use%20approach%20could%20save%20South%20Africa%27s%20rhinos%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Child%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22dx.doi.org%5C%2F10.4102%5C%2Fsajs.%20v108i7%5C%2F8.1338%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A23%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%228ZAT9HVB%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Child%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EChild%2C%20B.%20A.%2C%20Musengezi%2C%20J.%2C%20Parent%2C%20G.%20D.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Child%2C%20G.%20F.%20T.%20%282012%29.%20The%20economics%20and%20institutional%20economics%20of%20wildlife%20on%20private%20land%20in%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EPastoralism%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E2%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%201.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1186%5C%2F2041-7136-2-18%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1186%5C%2F2041-7136-2-18%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D8ZAT9HVB%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20economics%20and%20institutional%20economics%20of%20wildlife%20on%20private%20land%20in%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Brian%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Child%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jessica%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Musengezi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gregory%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Parent%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Graham%20F.T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Child%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22In%20southern%20Africa%2C%20there%20are%20now%2010%2C000%20to%2014%2C000%20private%20ranchers%20that%20promote%20wildlife%20enterprises%20alone%20or%20in%20some%20in%20combination%20with%20domestic%20livestock.%20An%20important%20conservation%20success%2C%20this%20new%20bio-experience%20economy%20also%20creates%20social%20well-being%20through%20economic%20growth%20and%20job%20creation.%20It%20is%20an%20economic%20sector%20that%20needs%20to%20be%20taken%20seriously%2C%20not%20least%20because%20it%20pioneers%20policies%20that%20inform%20the%20valorization%20and%20sustainable%20management%20of%20ecosystem%20services.%20The%20article%20describes%20the%20historical%20emergence%20of%20a%20sustainable%20use%20approach%20to%20wildlife%20conservation%20since%20the%20Arusha%20Conference%20in%201963.%20It%20suggests%20that%20indigenous%20multi-species%20systems%20may%20have%20ecological%20advantages%20over%20modern%20livestock%20production%20systems%2C%20but%20these%20are%20difficult%20to%20quantify%20in%20complex%20dryland%20ecosystems%20and%20are%20trumped%20by%20economics%20and%20political%20processes.%20However%2C%20wildlife%20provides%20the%20foundation%20for%20a%20bio-experience%20economy%20that%20has%20a%20decided%20comparative%20economic%20advantage%20over%20agro-extractive%20commodity%20production%20%28like%20beef%29%20in%20drylands.%20We%20describe%20how%20new%20policy%20approaches%2C%20especially%20the%20valorization%20of%20wildlife%20and%20the%20devolution%20of%20proprietorship%20to%20landholders%20and%20communities%2C%20have%20allowed%20wildlife%27s%20economic%20advantages%20to%20be%20reflected%20in%20land%20use%20decisions%20through%20both%20%5Cu2018game%20ranching%27%20and%20%5Cu2018community-based%20natural%20resource%20management%27.%20Institutional%20changes%20have%20modified%20the%20economics%20of%20wildlife%20in%20drylands%2C%20promoting%20both%20conservation%20and%20development%20by%20allocating%20environmental%20raw%20materials%20to%20higher-order%20goods%20and%20services.%20A%20further%20goal%20of%20the%20paper%20is%20to%20describe%20practical%20economic%20methods%20for%20assessing%20and%20explaining%20the%20wildlife%20sector%20to%20policy%20makers%20in%20terms%20of%20its%20profitability%2C%20both%20to%20individual%20landholders%20and%20to%20society%20through%20jobs%20and%20economic%20growth.%20The%20paper%20covers%20a%2050-year%20period%20between%20the%20PhD%20studies%20of%20the%20four%20authors%20and%20takes%20a%20trans%20disciplinary%20approach%20which%20values%20the%20knowledge%20of%20practitioners%20as%20much%20as%20the%20academic%20literature.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1186%5C%2F2041-7136-2-18%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2220417136%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22pastoralism%3A%20Research%2C%20Policy%20and%20Practice%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A55%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22YVEYB2S4%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Chirima%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EChirima%2C%20G.%20J.%2C%20Owen-Smith%2C%20N.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Erasmus%2C%20B.%20F.%20N.%20%282012%29.%20Changing%20distributions%20of%20larger%20ungulates%20in%20the%20Kruger%20National%20Park%20from%20ecological%20aerial%20survey%20data.%20%3Ci%3EKoedoe%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E54%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%201%26%23×2013%3B11.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.4102%5C%2Fkoedoe.v54i1.1009%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.4102%5C%2Fkoedoe.v54i1.1009%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DYVEYB2S4%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Changing%20distributions%20of%20larger%20ungulates%20in%20the%20Kruger%20National%20Park%20from%20ecological%20aerial%20survey%20data%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22George%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chirima%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Norman%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Owen-Smith%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Barend%20F.N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Erasmus%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Documenting%20current%20species%20distribution%20patterns%20and%20their%20association%20with%20habitat%20types%20is%20important%20as%20a%20basis%20for%20assessing%20future%20range%20shifts%20in%20response%20to%20climate%20change%20or%20other%20influences.%20We%20used%20the%20adaptive%20local%20convex%20hull%20%28a-LoCoH%29%20method%20to%20map%20distribution%20ranges%20of%2012%20ungulate%20species%20within%20the%20Kruger%20National%20Park%20%28KNP%29%20based%20on%20locations%20recorded%20during%20aerial%20surveys%20%281980%5Cu20131993%29.%20We%20used%20log-linear%20models%20to%20identify%20changes%20in%20regional%20distribution%20patterns%20and%20chi-square%20tests%20to%20determine%20shifts%20in%20habitat%20occupation%20over%20this%20period.%20We%20compared%20observed%20patterns%20with%20earlier%2C%20more%20subjectively%20derived%20distribution%20maps%20for%20these%20species.%20Zebra%2C%20wildebeest%20and%20giraffe%20distributions%20shifted%20towards%20the%20far%20northern%20section%20of%20the%20KNP%2C%20whilst%20buffalo%20and%20kudu%20showed%20proportional%20declines%20in%20the%20north.%20Sable%20antelope%20distribution%20contracted%20most%20in%20the%20north%2C%20whilst%20tsessebe%2C%20eland%20and%20roan%20antelope%20distributions%20showed%20no%20shifts.%20Warthog%20and%20waterbuck%20contracted%20in%20the%20central%20and%20northern%20regions%2C%20respectively.%20The%20distribution%20of%20impala%20did%20not%20change.%20Compared%20with%20earlier%20distributions%2C%20impala%2C%20zebra%2C%20buffalo%2C%20warthog%20and%20waterbuck%20had%20become%20less%20strongly%20concentrated%20along%20rivers.%20Wildebeest%2C%20zebra%2C%20sable%20antelope%20and%20tsessebe%20had%20become%20less%20prevalent%20in%20localities%20west%20of%20the%20central%20region.%20Concerning%20habitat%20occupation%2C%20the%20majority%20of%20grazers%20showed%20a%20concentration%20on%20basaltic%20substrates%2C%20whilst%20sable%20antelope%20favoured%20mopane-dominated%20woodland%20and%20sour%20bushveld%20on%20granite.%20Buffalo%20showed%20no%20strong%20preference%20for%20any%20habitats%20and%20waterbuck%20were%20concentrated%20along%20rivers.%20Although%20widespread%2C%20impala%20were%20absent%20from%20sections%20of%20mopane%20shrubveld%20and%20sandveld.%20Kudu%20and%20giraffe%20were%20widespread%20through%20most%20habitats%2C%20but%20with%20a%20lesser%20prevalence%20in%20northern%20mopane-dominated%20habitats.%20Documented%20distribution%20shifts%20appeared%20to%20be%20related%20to%20the%20completion%20of%20the%20western%20boundary%20fence%20and%20widened%20provision%20of%20surface%20water%20within%20the%20park.%20Conservation%20implications%3A%20The%20objectively%20recorded%20distribution%20patterns%20provide%20a%20foundation%20for%20assessing%20future%20changes%20in%20distribution%20that%20may%20take%20place%20in%20response%20to%20climatic%20shifts%20or%20other%20influences.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.4102%5C%2Fkoedoe.v54i1.1009%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220075-6458%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A07%3A09Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2272W9FKBC%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Clegg%20and%20O%27Connor%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EClegg%2C%20B.%20W.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20O%26%23×2019%3BConnor%2C%20T.%20G.%20%282012%29.%20The%20vegetation%20of%20Malilangwe%20Wildlife%20Reserve%2C%20south-eastern%20Zimbabwe.%20%3Ci%3EAfrican%20Journal%20of%20Range%20and%20Forage%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E29%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%20109%26%23×2013%3B131.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F10220119.2012.744352%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F10220119.2012.744352%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D72W9FKBC%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20vegetation%20of%20Malilangwe%20Wildlife%20Reserve%2C%20south-eastern%20Zimbabwe%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Clegg%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22O%27Connor%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20vegetation%20of%20Malilangwe%20Wildlife%20Reserve%20in%20Zimbabwe%20%2839%20378%20ha%29%20was%20classified%20and%20mapped%20in%202003%20using%20an%20integrated%20approach%20of%20ground-based%20measurement%20and%20remote%20sensing.%20Environmental%20variables%2C%20structure%20and%20composition%20of%20the%20tree%2C%20shrub%20and%20herbaceous%20layers%20were%20sampled%20at%20201%20sites%20across%20the%20reserve.%20Thirty-eight%20vegetation%20types%20were%20identified%20using%20TWINSPAN%2C%20and%20a%20map%20of%20the%20types%20was%20created%20by%20supervised%20classification%20of%20a%20Landsat%207%20ETM%2B%20image%20%282000%29.%20A%20discriminant%20function%20analysis%20showed%20that%20the%20types%20were%20primarily%20separated%20along%20a%20soil%20textural%20gradient.%20A%20secondary%20gradient%2C%20associated%20with%20changes%20in%20soil%20depth%2C%20rockiness%2C%20slope%20and%20topographical%20position%2C%20was%20also%20important.%20Ordination%20indicated%20that%20several%20other%20independent%20environmental%20gradients%20appeared%20to%20be%20influencing%20the%20vegetation.%20Comparisons%20with%20other%20southern%20African%20savannas%20are%20made%2C%20and%20similarities%20and%20differences%20are%20discussed.%20%5Cu00a9%202012%20Copyright%20NISC%20Pty%20Ltd.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.2989%5C%2F10220119.2012.744352%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2210220119%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A44%3A53Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22N4EZMSEU%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Colgan%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EColgan%2C%20M.%20S.%2C%20Asner%2C%20G.%20P.%2C%20Levick%2C%20S.%20R.%2C%20Martin%2C%20R.%20E.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Chadwick%2C%20O.%20A.%20%282012%29.%20Topo-edaphic%20controls%20over%20woody%20plant%20biomass%20in%20South%20African%20savannas.%20%3Ci%3EBiogeosciences%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E9%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%285%29%2C%201809%26%23×2013%3B1821.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.5194%5C%2Fbg-9-1809-2012%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.5194%5C%2Fbg-9-1809-2012%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DN4EZMSEU%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Topo-edaphic%20controls%20over%20woody%20plant%20biomass%20in%20South%20African%20savannas%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Colgan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Asner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Levick%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Martin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22O.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chadwick%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20distribution%20of%20woody%20biomass%20in%20savannas%20reflects%20spatial%20patterns%20fundamental%20to%20ecosystem%20processes%2C%20such%20as%20water%20flow%2C%20competition%2C%20and%20herbivory%2C%20and%20is%20a%20key%20contributor%20to%20savanna%20ecosystem%20services%2C%20such%20as%20fuelwood%20supply.%20While%20total%20precipitation%20sets%20an%20upper%20bound%20on%20savanna%20woody%20biomass%2C%20the%20extent%20to%20which%20substrate%20and%20terrain%20constrain%20trees%20and%20shrubs%20below%20this%20maximum%20remains%20poorly%20understood%2C%20often%20occluded%20by%20local-scale%20disturbances%20such%20as%20fire%20and%20trampling.%20Here%20we%20investigate%20the%20role%20of%20hillslope%20topography%20and%20soil%20properties%20in%20controlling%20woody%20plant%20aboveground%20biomass%20%28AGB%29%20in%20Kruger%20National%20Park%2C%20South%20Africa.%20Large-area%20sampling%20with%20airborne%20Light%20Detection%20and%20Ranging%20%28LiDAR%29%20provided%20a%20means%20to%20average%20across%20local-scale%20disturbances%2C%20revealing%20an%20unexpectedly%20linear%20relationship%20between%20AGB%20and%20hillslope-position%20on%20basalts%2C%20where%20biomass%20levels%20were%20lowest%20on%20crests%2C%20and%20linearly%20increased%20toward%20streams%20%28R2%20%3D%200.91%29.%20The%20observed%20pattern%20was%20different%20on%20granite%20substrates%2C%20where%20AGB%20exhibited%20a%20strongly%20non-linear%20relationship%20with%20hillslope%20position%3A%20AGB%20was%20high%20on%20crests%2C%20decreased%20midslope%2C%20and%20then%20increased%20near%20stream%20channels%20%28R%202%20%3D%200.87%29.%20Overall%2C%20we%20observed%205-to-8-fold%20lower%20AGB%20on%20clayey%2C%20basalt-derived%20soil%20than%20on%20granites%2C%20and%20we%20suggest%20this%20is%20due%20to%20herbivore-fire%20interactions%20rather%20than%20lower%20hydraulic%20conductivity%20or%20clay%20shrinkage%5C%2Fswelling%2C%20as%20previously%20hypothesized.%20By%20mapping%20AGB%20within%20and%20outside%20fire%20and%20herbivore%20exclosures%2C%20we%20found%20that%20basalt-derived%20soils%20support%20tenfold%20higher%20AGB%20in%20the%20absence%20of%20fire%20and%20herbivory%2C%20suggesting%20high%20clay%20content%20alone%20is%20not%20a%20proximal%20limitation%20on%20AGB.%20Understanding%20how%20fire%20and%20herbivory%20contribute%20to%20AGB%20heterogeneity%20is%20critical%20to%20predicting%20future%20savanna%20carbon%20storage%20under%20a%20changing%20climate.%20%5Cu00a9%202012%20Author%28s%29.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.5194%5C%2Fbg-9-1809-2012%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2217264170%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A44%3A52Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22NK46PCP6%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Collins%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECollins%2C%20C.%2C%20Reason%2C%20C.%20J.%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Hermes%2C%20J.%20C.%20%282012%29.%20Scatterometer%20and%20reanalysis%20wind%20products%20over%20the%20western%20tropical%20Indian%20Ocean%3A%20WINDS%20OVER%20THE%20WESTERN%20INDIAN%20OCEAN.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Oceans%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E117%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%28C3%29%2C%20n%5C%2Fa-n%5C%2Fa.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2011JC007531%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2011JC007531%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DNK46PCP6%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Scatterometer%20and%20reanalysis%20wind%20products%20over%20the%20western%20tropical%20Indian%20Ocean%3A%20WINDS%20OVER%20THE%20WESTERN%20INDIAN%20OCEAN%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Collins%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20J.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Reason%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hermes%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2203%5C%2F2012%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2011JC007531%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2201480227%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.wiley.com%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2011JC007531%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BGDWYJZJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-04-13T19%3A07%3A47Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22SMBN4P4E%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Cramer%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECramer%2C%20M.%20D.%2C%20Wakeling%2C%20J.%20L.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Bond%2C%20W.%20J.%20%282012%29.%20Belowground%20competitive%20suppression%20of%20seedling%20growth%20by%20grass%20in%20an%20African%20savanna.%20%3Ci%3EPlant%20Ecology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E213%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2810%29%2C%201655%26%23×2013%3B1666.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs11258-012-0120-7%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs11258-012-0120-7%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DSMBN4P4E%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Belowground%20competitive%20suppression%20of%20seedling%20growth%20by%20grass%20in%20an%20African%20savanna%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cramer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Julia%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wakeling%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bond%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Coexistence%20of%20N2-fixing%20legumes%20and%20non-legume%20trees%20with%20grasses%20in%20African%20savannas%20results%20in%20intense%20competition%20between%20these%20life-forms.%20We%20hypothesised%20that%20belowground%20competition%20might%20induce%20different%20nutritional%20constraints%20in%20N2-%20versus%20non-N2-fixing%20species.%20A%20field%20%28Hluhluwe-imFolozi%20nature%20reserve%2C%20South%20Africa%29%20competition%20experiment%20with%20two%20N2-fixing%20legume%20species%20%28Acacia%20burkei%20and%20Acacia%20karroo%29%20and%20two%20non-N2-fixing%20species%20%28Schotia%20brachypetala%20and%20Spirostachys%20africana%29%20both%20with%20clipped%20grass%20and%20without%20grass%20was%20established.%20Plants%20were%20supplied%20with%20no%20fertilizer%2C%20or%20generous%20amounts%20of%20fertilizer%20%28200%20kg%20N%20ha-1%2C%20100%20kg%20P2O5%20ha-1%2C%207.%201%20kg%20K2O%20ha-1%29%20supplied%20as%20either%2028-10%20%28N-K%29%2C%20P%20or%20a%20combination%20of%20these%20fertilizers%20%28NPK%29.%20Regularly%20clipped%20grass%20suppressed%20growth%20%28by%20more%20than%2090%20%25%29%20of%20both%20N2-%20and%20non-N2-fixing%20seedlings%20equally.%20Biomass%20accumulation%20of%20seedlings%20grown%20with%20grass%20and%20the%20grasses%20themselves%20responded%20positively%20to%20NK%20and%5C%2For%20NPK%2C%20but%20not%20P%2C%20although%20P-fertilization%20did%20have%20effects%20on%20foliar%20%5BN%5D%20and%20%5Cu03b415N%20values%20of%20trees%20and%20grasses%20showing%20that%20plants%20accessed%20the%20fertilizer.%20Tree%20%5Cu03b415N%20values%20and%20foliar%20%5BN%5D%20were%20also%20modified%20by%20NPK%2C%20demonstrating%20access%20to%20fertilizer.%20However%2C%20the%20ameliorative%20effects%20of%20NPK%20on%20grass%20competition-induced%20biomass%20suppression%20were%20only%20partial.%20This%20may%20be%20due%20to%20%27non-resource%20competition%27%20%28i.%20e.%20root%20gaps%29%20imposed%20by%20dense%20grass%20roots.%20The%20fact%20that%20nutrients%20were%20able%20to%20partially%20ameliorate%20the%20effects%20of%20grass%20competition%2C%20however%2C%20indicates%20that%20such%20%27non-resource%20competition%27%20may%20be%20partially%20overcome%20by%20even%20more%20generous%20supply%20of%20fertilizers.%20%5Cu00a9%202012%20Springer%20Science%2BBusiness%20Media%20B.V.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs11258-012-0120-7%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2213850237%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A04%3A43Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22Z9YK5N9D%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Cramer%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECramer%2C%20M.%20D.%2C%20Wakeling%2C%20J.%20L.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Bond%2C%20W.%20J.%20%282012%29.%20Belowground%20competitive%20suppression%20of%20seedling%20growth%20by%20grass%20in%20an%20African%20savanna.%20%3Ci%3EPlant%20Ecology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E213%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2810%29%2C%201655%26%23×2013%3B1666.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DZ9YK5N9D%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Belowground%20competitive%20suppression%20of%20seedling%20growth%20by%20grass%20in%20an%20African%20savanna%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%20D%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cramer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Julia%20L%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wakeling%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bond%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221385-0237%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A22%3A58Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22UG2AD9G4%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Davis%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDavis%2C%20A.%20L.%20V.%2C%20Scholtz%2C%20C.%20H.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Swemmer%2C%20A.%20M.%20%282012%29.%20Effects%20of%20land%20usage%20on%20dung%20beetle%20assemblage%20structure%3A%20Kruger%20National%20Park%20versus%20adjacent%20farmland%20in%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Insect%20Conservation%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E16%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs10841-011-9426-3%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs10841-011-9426-3%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DUG2AD9G4%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Effects%20of%20land%20usage%20on%20dung%20beetle%20assemblage%20structure%3A%20Kruger%20National%20Park%20versus%20adjacent%20farmland%20in%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.L.V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Davis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Scholtz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Swemmer%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Little%20quantitative%20evidence%20exists%20regarding%20how%20effective%20protected%20areas%20are%20for%20preserving%20species.%20We%20compared%20dung%20beetle%20assemblages%20%28Coleoptera%3A%20Scarabaeidae%3A%20Scarabaeinae%29%20inside%20and%20outside%20of%20the%20Kruger%20National%20Park%2C%20which%20protects%20indigenous%20flora%20and%20fauna%20over%20a%20large%20area%20of%20savanna%20in%20the%20northeast%20lowlands%20of%20South%20Africa.%20Although%20it%20is%20contiguous%20with%20other%20reserves%20in%20South%20Africa%2C%20Zimbabwe%20and%20Mozambique%2C%20parts%20of%20its%20border%20abut%20onto%20farmland.%20Some%20effects%20of%20differing%20land%20usage%20either%20side%20of%20this%20border%20were%20studied%20at%20the%20South%20African%20Wildlife%20College%20%2824.541%5Cu00b0%20S%2031.335%5Cu00b0%20E%29%20and%20the%20nearby%20farming%20village%20of%20Welverdiend%20using%20dung%20beetle%20assemblage%20structure%20%28Coleoptera%3A%20Scarabaeidae%3A%20Scarabaeinae%29%20as%20indicators.%20Samples%20were%20taken%20from%20gabbro-derived%20and%20granite-derived%20soils%20in%20open%20woody%20vegetation%2C%20both%20within%20the%20reserve%20and%20on%20adjoining%20farmland%2C%20using%20composite%20pig%2C%20elephant%20and%20cattle%20dung%20baits%20in%20the%20early%20rainy%20season%20%28November%202009%29%20and%20separate%20pig%20and%20elephant%20dung%20baits%20in%20the%20late%20rainy%20season%20%28March%202010%29.%20Despite%20much%20higher%20large%20mammal%20density%20around%20Welverdiend%2C%20significantly%20greater%20species%20richness%2C%20abundance%2C%20and%20biomass%20of%20dung%20beetles%20were%20recorded%20in%20the%20reserve%20where%20mammal%20species%20diversity%20is%20greater%20and%20elephants%20produce%20much%20larger%20droppings%20than%20any%20mammal%20in%20the%20farmland.%20Assemblage%20structure%20also%20differed%20strongly%20between%20dung%20types%2C%20weather%20conditions%20on%20sample%20days%2C%20and%20season%2C%20but%20weakly%20between%20sampled%20soil%20types.%20These%20differences%20in%20assemblage%20structure%20were%20recorded%20over%20short%20distances%20as%20the%20sites%20in%20the%20reserve%20were%20only%203-4%20km%20from%20those%20in%20farmland%20at%20Welverdiend.%20%5Cu00a9%202011%20Springer%20Science%2BBusiness%20Media%20B.V.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs10841-011-9426-3%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221366638X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%228VPML3VD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-04T13%3A02%3A57Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22FHISPVCA%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Davis%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDavis%2C%20A.%20L.%20V.%2C%20Scholtz%2C%20C.%20H.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Swemmer%2C%20A.%20M.%20%282012%29.%20Effects%20of%20land%20usage%20on%20dung%20beetle%20assemblage%20structure%3A%20Kruger%20National%20Park%20versus%20adjacent%20farmland%20in%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Insect%20Conservation%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E16%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs10841-011-9426-3%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs10841-011-9426-3%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DFHISPVCA%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Effects%20of%20land%20usage%20on%20dung%20beetle%20assemblage%20structure%3A%20Kruger%20National%20Park%20versus%20adjacent%20farmland%20in%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.L.V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Davis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Scholtz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Swemmer%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Little%20quantitative%20evidence%20exists%20regarding%20how%20effective%20protected%20areas%20are%20for%20preserving%20species.%20We%20compared%20dung%20beetle%20assemblages%20%28Coleoptera%3A%20Scarabaeidae%3A%20Scarabaeinae%29%20inside%20and%20outside%20of%20the%20Kruger%20National%20Park%2C%20which%20protects%20indigenous%20flora%20and%20fauna%20over%20a%20large%20area%20of%20savanna%20in%20the%20northeast%20lowlands%20of%20South%20Africa.%20Although%20it%20is%20contiguous%20with%20other%20reserves%20in%20South%20Africa%2C%20Zimbabwe%20and%20Mozambique%2C%20parts%20of%20its%20border%20abut%20onto%20farmland.%20Some%20effects%20of%20differing%20land%20usage%20either%20side%20of%20this%20border%20were%20studied%20at%20the%20South%20African%20Wildlife%20College%20%2824.541%5Cu00b0%20S%2031.335%5Cu00b0%20E%29%20and%20the%20nearby%20farming%20village%20of%20Welverdiend%20using%20dung%20beetle%20assemblage%20structure%20%28Coleoptera%3A%20Scarabaeidae%3A%20Scarabaeinae%29%20as%20indicators.%20Samples%20were%20taken%20from%20gabbro-derived%20and%20granite-derived%20soils%20in%20open%20woody%20vegetation%2C%20both%20within%20the%20reserve%20and%20on%20adjoining%20farmland%2C%20using%20composite%20pig%2C%20elephant%20and%20cattle%20dung%20baits%20in%20the%20early%20rainy%20season%20%28November%202009%29%20and%20separate%20pig%20and%20elephant%20dung%20baits%20in%20the%20late%20rainy%20season%20%28March%202010%29.%20Despite%20much%20higher%20large%20mammal%20density%20around%20Welverdiend%2C%20significantly%20greater%20species%20richness%2C%20abundance%2C%20and%20biomass%20of%20dung%20beetles%20were%20recorded%20in%20the%20reserve%20where%20mammal%20species%20diversity%20is%20greater%20and%20elephants%20produce%20much%20larger%20droppings%20than%20any%20mammal%20in%20the%20farmland.%20Assemblage%20structure%20also%20differed%20strongly%20between%20dung%20types%2C%20weather%20conditions%20on%20sample%20days%2C%20and%20season%2C%20but%20weakly%20between%20sampled%20soil%20types.%20These%20differences%20in%20assemblage%20structure%20were%20recorded%20over%20short%20distances%20as%20the%20sites%20in%20the%20reserve%20were%20only%203-4%20km%20from%20those%20in%20farmland%20at%20Welverdiend.%20%5Cu00a9%202011%20Springer%20Science%2BBusiness%20Media%20B.V.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs10841-011-9426-3%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221366638X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A24%3A38Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22HSSRXEGY%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22DEA%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDEA.%20%282012%29.%20A%20report%20on%20the%20state%20of%20the%20environment%3A%20Chapter%204%3A%20Land.%20%3Ci%3ESouth%20Africa%20Environment%20Outlook%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%2087%26%23×2013%3B173.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DHSSRXEGY%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20report%20on%20the%20state%20of%20the%20environment%3A%20Chapter%204%3A%20Land%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22DEA%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2214337851%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A56%3A01Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%224Z2844YI%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Dodds%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDodds%2C%20W.%20K.%2C%20Robinson%2C%20C.%20T.%2C%20Gaiser%2C%20E.%20E.%2C%20Hansen%2C%20G.%20J.%20A.%2C%20Powell%2C%20H.%2C%20Smith%2C%20J.%20M.%2C%20Morse%2C%20N.%20B.%2C%20Johnson%2C%20S.%20L.%2C%20Gregory%2C%20S.%20V.%2C%20Bell%2C%20T.%2C%20Kratz%2C%20T.%20K.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20McDowell%2C%20W.%20H.%20%282012%29.%20Surprises%20and%20insights%20from%20long-term%20aquatic%20data%20sets%20and%20experiments.%20%3Ci%3EBioScience%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E62%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%288%29%2C%20709%26%23×2013%3B721.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1525%5C%2Fbio.2012.62.8.4%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1525%5C%2Fbio.2012.62.8.4%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D4Z2844YI%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Surprises%20and%20insights%20from%20long-term%20aquatic%20data%20sets%20and%20experiments%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Walter%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dodds%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christopher%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Robinson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Evelyn%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gaiser%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gretchen%20J.A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hansen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Heather%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Powell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joseph%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Smith%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nathaniel%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Morse%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sherri%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Johnson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stanley%20V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gregory%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tisza%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Timothy%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kratz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McDowell%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22long-term%20research%20on%20freshwater%20ecosystems%20provides%20insights%20that%20can%20be%20difficult%20to%20obtain%20from%20other%20approaches.%20Widespread%20monitoring%20of%20ecologically%20relevant%20water-quality%20parameters%20spanning%20decades%20can%20facilitate%20important%20tests%20of%20ecological%20principles.%20Unique%20long-term%20data%20sets%20and%20analytical%20tools%20are%20increasingly%20available%2C%20allowing%20for%20powerful%20and%20synthetic%20analyses%20across%20sites.%20long-term%20measurements%20or%20experiments%20in%20aquatic%20systems%20can%20catch%20rare%20events%2C%20changes%20in%20highly%20variable%20systems%2C%20time-lagged%20responses%2C%20cumulative%20effects%20of%20stressors%2C%20and%20biotic%20responses%20that%20encompass%20multiple%20generations.%20Data%20are%20available%20from%20formal%20networks%2C%20local%20to%20international%20agencies%2C%20private%20organizations%2C%20various%20institutions%2C%20and%20paleontological%20and%20historic%20records%3B%20brief%20literature%20surveys%20suggest%20much%20existing%20data%20are%20not%20synthesized.%20Ecological%20sciences%20will%20benefit%20from%20careful%20maintenance%20and%20analyses%20of%20existing%20long-term%20programs%2C%20and%20subsequent%20insights%20can%20aid%20in%20the%20design%20of%20effective%20future%20long-term%20experimental%20and%20observational%20efforts.%20long-term%20research%20on%20freshwaters%20is%20particularly%20important%20because%20of%20their%20value%20to%20humanity.%20%5Cu00a9%202012%20by%20American%20Institute%20of%20Biological%20Sciences.%20All%20rights%20reserved.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1525%5C%2Fbio.2012.62.8.4%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2200063568%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A48%3A10Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22959HVGT2%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Fayolle%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFayolle%2C%20A.%2C%20Engelbrecht%2C%20B.%2C%20Freycon%2C%20V.%2C%20Mortier%2C%20F.%2C%20Swaine%2C%20M.%2C%20R%26%23xE9%3Bjou-M%26%23xE9%3Bchain%2C%20M.%2C%20Doucet%2C%20J.%20L.%2C%20Fauvet%2C%20N.%2C%20Cornu%2C%20G.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Gourlet-Fleury%2C%20S.%20%282012%29.%20Geological%20substrates%20shape%20tree%20species%20and%20trait%20distributions%20in%20African%20moist%20forests.%20%3Ci%3EPLoS%20ONE%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E7%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%288%29%2C%2012%26%23×2013%3B14.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0042381%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0042381%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D959HVGT2%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Geological%20substrates%20shape%20tree%20species%20and%20trait%20distributions%20in%20African%20moist%20forests%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adeline%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fayolle%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bettina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Engelbrecht%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Vincent%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Freycon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fr%5Cu00e9d%5Cu00e9ric%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mortier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Swaine%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Maxime%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22R%5Cu00e9jou-M%5Cu00e9chain%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean%20Louis%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Doucet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicolas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fauvet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Guillaume%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cornu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sylvie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gourlet-Fleury%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Background%3A%20Understanding%20the%20factors%20that%20shape%20the%20distribution%20of%20tropical%20tree%20species%20at%20large%20scales%20is%20a%20central%20issue%20in%20ecology%2C%20conservation%20and%20forest%20management.%20The%20aims%20of%20this%20study%20were%20to%20%28i%29%20assess%20the%20importance%20of%20environmental%20factors%20relative%20to%20historical%20factors%20for%20tree%20species%20distributions%20in%20the%20semi-evergreen%20forests%20of%20the%20northern%20Congo%20basin%3B%20and%20to%20%28ii%29%20identify%20potential%20mechanisms%20explaining%20distribution%20patterns%20through%20a%20trait-based%20approach.%20Methodology%5C%2FPrincipal%20Findings%3A%20We%20analyzed%20the%20distribution%20patterns%20of%2031%20common%20tree%20species%20in%20an%20area%20of%20more%20than%20700%2C000%20km2%20spanning%20the%20borders%20of%20Cameroon%2C%20the%20Central%20African%20Republic%2C%20and%20the%20Republic%20of%20Congo%20using%20forest%20inventory%20data%20from%2056%2C445%200.5-ha%20plots.%20Spatial%20variation%20of%20environmental%20%28climate%2C%20topography%20and%20geology%29%20and%20historical%20factors%20%28human%20disturbance%29%20were%20quantified%20from%20maps%20and%20satellite%20records.%20Four%20key%20functional%20traits%20%28leaf%20phenology%2C%20shade%20tolerance%2C%20wood%20density%2C%20and%20maximum%20growth%20rate%29%20were%20extracted%20from%20the%20literature.%20The%20geological%20substrate%20was%20of%20major%20importance%20for%20the%20distribution%20of%20the%20focal%20species%2C%20while%20climate%20and%20past%20human%20disturbances%20had%20a%20significant%20but%20lesser%20impact.%20Species%20distribution%20patterns%20were%20significantly%20related%20to%20functional%20traits.%20Species%20associated%20with%20sandy%20soils%20typical%20of%20sandstone%20and%20alluvium%20were%20characterized%20by%20slow%20growth%20rates%2C%20shade%20tolerance%2C%20evergreen%20leaves%2C%20and%20high%20wood%20density%2C%20traits%20allowing%20persistence%20on%20resource-poor%20soils.%20In%20contrast%2C%20fast-growing%20pioneer%20species%20rarely%20occurred%20on%20sandy%20soils%2C%20except%20for%20Lophira%20alata.%20Conclusions%5C%2FSignificance%3A%20The%20results%20indicate%20strong%20environmental%20filtering%20due%20to%20differential%20soil%20resource%20availability%20across%20geological%20substrates.%20Additionally%2C%20long-term%20human%20disturbances%20in%20resource-rich%20areas%20may%20have%20accentuated%20the%20observed%20patterns%20of%20species%20and%20trait%20distributions.%20Trait%20differences%20across%20geological%20substrates%20imply%20pronounced%20differences%20in%20population%20and%20ecosystem%20processes%2C%20and%20call%20for%20different%20conservation%20and%20management%20strategies.%20%5Cu00a9%202012%20Fayolle%20et%20al.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0042381%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2219326203%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A02%3A17Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22PGKSQ3CI%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Gillson%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGillson%2C%20L.%2C%20Midgley%2C%20G.%20F.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Wakeling%2C%20J.%20L.%20%282012%29.%20Exploring%20the%20significance%20of%20land-cover%20change%20in%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3ESouth%20African%20Journal%20of%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E108%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%285%26%23×2013%3B6%29%2C%205%26%23×2013%3B7.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.4102%5C%2Fsajs.v108i5%5C%2F6.1247%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.4102%5C%2Fsajs.v108i5%5C%2F6.1247%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DPGKSQ3CI%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Exploring%20the%20significance%20of%20land-cover%20change%20in%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lindsey%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gillson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Guy%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Midgley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Julia%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wakeling%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.4102%5C%2Fsajs.v108i5%5C%2F6.1247%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2200382353%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A53%3A02Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22TG7GR64P%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1661769%2C%22username%22%3A%22pjgordijn%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Paul%20Gordijn%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fpjgordijn%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Gordijn%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGordijn%2C%20P.%20J.%2C%20Rice%2C%20E.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Ward%2C%20D.%20%282012%29.%20The%20effects%20of%20fire%20on%20woody%20plant%20encroachment%20are%20exacerbated%20by%20succession%20of%20trees%20of%20decreased%20palatability.%20%3Ci%3EPerspectives%20in%20Plant%20Ecology%2C%20Evolution%20and%20Systematics%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E14%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%286%29%2C%20411%26%23×2013%3B422.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.ppees.2012.09.005%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.ppees.2012.09.005%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DTG7GR64P%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20effects%20of%20fire%20on%20woody%20plant%20encroachment%20are%20exacerbated%20by%20succession%20of%20trees%20of%20decreased%20palatability%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paul%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gordijn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Edward%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rice%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ward%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20ingression%20of%20woody%20plants%20into%20the%20grassy%20layer%20of%20savannas%20and%20grasslands%20has%20become%20a%20global%20concern.%20The%20increase%20of%20woody%20plants%20has%20been%20primarily%20attributed%20over%20grazing%2C%20fire%20and%20more%20recently%20to%20the%20increase%20of%20atmospheric%20CO2.%20We%20used%20long-term%20observations%20and%20analyses%20to%20assess%20changes%20in%20woody%20vegetation%20in%20Ithala%20Game%20Reserve%20%28IGR%29%2C%20South%20Africa.%20Textural%20analysis%20of%20aerial%20photographs%20was%20used%20to%20detect%20changes%20in%20woody%20vegetation%2C%20from%201943%20to%202007%20in%20Ithala%20Game%20Reserve%20%28IGR%29%2C%20South%20Africa.%20Daily%20rainfall%20data%20from%201905%20to%202009%20were%20used%20in%20a%20time-series%20analysis%20to%20determine%20if%20rainfall%20patterns%20have%20changed.%20The%20time-series%20analysis%20showed%20that%20the%20low%20magnitude%20%280-10mm%29%20rainfall%20events%20decreased%20from%201916%20to%202009%20and%20high%20magnitude%20rainfall%20events%20increased%20%2810-20%20and%20%5C%5Ctextgreater20mm%29.%20The%20mean%20annual%20rainfall%20increased%20from%20%5Cu223c700%20to%20%5Cu223c850mm%20from%20the%201930s%20to%20the%202000s.%20This%20change%20in%20rainfall%20was%20a%20key%20factor%20in%20the%20increase%20in%20woody%20vegetation%20from%201943%20to%202009.%20We%20also%20used%20field%20data%20from%20the%20same%20reserve%20collected%20over%2030years%20to%20assess%20the%20increases%20in%20tree%20cover.%20Tree%20cover%20and%20density%20increased%20significantly%20by%2032.5%25%20and%20657.9indivha-1%20respectively%2C%20over%2064years.%20Before%20the%20proclamation%20of%20IGR%20in%201972%2C%20increases%20in%20woody%20vegetation%20from%201943%20were%20non-significant.%20After%20the%20proclamation%20of%20IGR%2C%20herbivore%20population%20numbers%20and%20spatial%20distribution%20influenced%20the%20accumulation%20of%20grassy%20biomass%20required%20to%20fuel%20fires.%20In%20areas%20with%20reduced%20fuel%20loads%2C%20the%20consequential%20suppression%20of%20fire%20accelerated%20the%20rate%20of%20woody%20plant%20invasion%20into%20savannas.%20The%20increase%20in%20woody%20vegetation%20coincided%20with%20a%20decrease%20in%20palatable%20%28e.g.%20Acacia%20gerrardii%20and%20Acacia%20davyi%29%20and%20an%20increase%20in%20unpalatable%20woody%20plants.%20The%20avoidance%20of%20the%20unpalatable%20trees%20%28e.g.%20Euclea%20and%20Searsia%20species%29%20by%20large%20mammalian%20herbivores%20has%20allowed%20these%20trees%20to%20increase%20in%20density%20relatively%20unhindered.%20%5Cu00a9%202012%20Perspectives%20in%20Plant%20Ecology%2C%20Evolution%20and%20Systematics.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.ppees.2012.09.005%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2214338319%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-03T13%3A21%3A49Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22YXY6YZYW%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Goschen%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012-12-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGoschen%2C%20W.%2C%20Schumann%2C%20E.%2C%20Bernard%2C%20K.%2C%20Bailey%2C%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Deyzel%2C%20S.%20%282012%29.%20Upwelling%20and%20ocean%20structures%20off%20Algoa%20Bay%20and%20the%20south-east%20coast%20of%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EAfrican%20Journal%20of%20Marine%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E34%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29%2C%20525%26%23×2013%3B536.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F1814232X.2012.749810%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F1814232X.2012.749810%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DYXY6YZYW%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Upwelling%20and%20ocean%20structures%20off%20Algoa%20Bay%20and%20the%20south-east%20coast%20of%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22WS%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Goschen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22EH%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schumann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22KS%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bernard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22SE%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bailey%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22SHP%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deyzel%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22As%20the%20Agulhas%20Current%20flows%20along%20the%20south-east%20coast%20of%20South%20Africa%2C%20a%20number%20of%20processes%20operate%20that%20bring%20cold%2C%20deep%20water%20up%20onto%20the%20narrow%20shelf.%20As%20a%20consequence%2C%20upwelling%20along%20the%20coastline%20is%20enhanced%20farther%20southward%20and%20downstream.%20This%20situation%20is%20investigated%20off%20Algoa%20Bay%20and%20along%20the%20south-east%20coast%20to%20Port%20Alfred%2C%20where%20measurements%20demonstrate%20that%20marked%20temperature%20variability%20occurs%20at%20the%20coastline%2C%20particularly%20in%20summer%20when%20temperature%20structures%20are%20more%20intense%20and%20easterly-component%20winds%20more%20common.%20There%20is%20no%20indication%20that%20upwelling%20is%20more%20prevalent%20at%20Port%20Alfred%3B%20increasing%20variability%20farther%20south%20is%20evident%20at%20Woody%20Cape%5C%2FCape%20Padrone%2C%20where%20the%20coastline%20veers%20westwards%2C%20forming%20the%20eastern%20boundary%20of%20Algoa%20Bay.%20Here%20it%20is%20found%20that%2C%20after%20a%20wind%20change%20to%20north-easterly%2C%20cold%20water%20is%20upwelled%20along%20the%20shoreline%20between%2019%20hours%20and%202.5%20days%20later.%20Such%20upwelling%20progresses%20north-eastwards%20with%20the%20movement%20of%20the%20wind%20and%20weather%20systems%2C%20although%20colder%20water%20also%20moves%20south-westwards%20into%20Algoa%20Bay.%20Winds%2C%20currents%2C%20sea%20level%20and%20sea%20temperatures%20are%20highly%20correlated%2C%20with%20fluctuations%20in%20sea%20level%20measuring%20%3E50%20cm%20being%20associated%20with%20coastal%20trapped%20waves%20%28CTWs%29.%20Such%20barotropic%20wind-driven%20CTWs%20are%20frequently%20active%20during%20upwelling%2C%20although%20it%20is%20unclear%20whether%20there%20is%20any%20interaction%20between%20the%20two%20phenomena.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222012-12-01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.2989%5C%2F1814232X.2012.749810%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221814-232X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F1814232X.2012.749810%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2285DCE2P4%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-26T10%3A19%3A42Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%223I9ECRSZ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Grellier%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGrellier%2C%20S.%2C%20Barot%2C%20S.%2C%20Janeau%2C%20J.-L.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Ward%2C%20D.%20%282012%29.%20Grass%20competition%20is%20more%20important%20than%20seed%20ingestion%20by%20livestock%20for%20Acacia%20recruitment%20in%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EPlant%20Ecology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E213%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%286%29%2C%20899%26%23×2013%3B908.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D3I9ECRSZ%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Grass%20competition%20is%20more%20important%20than%20seed%20ingestion%20by%20livestock%20for%20Acacia%20recruitment%20in%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Grellier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Barot%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.-L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Janeau%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ward%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221385-0237%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A21%3A25Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22UBW5GCJ6%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Gupta%20and%20Bakre%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGupta%2C%20V.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Bakre%2C%20P.%20%282012%29.%20Metal%20contamination%20in%20mammalian%20fauna%20of%20Sariska%20Tiger%20Reserve%2C%20Alwar%2C%20India.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Ecophysiology%20and%20Occupational%20Health%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E12%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%26%23×2013%3B2%29%2C%2043%26%23×2013%3B48.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1006%5C%2Fcimm.1999.1490%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1006%5C%2Fcimm.1999.1490%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DUBW5GCJ6%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Metal%20contamination%20in%20mammalian%20fauna%20of%20Sariska%20Tiger%20Reserve%2C%20Alwar%2C%20India%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Varsha%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gupta%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Prakash%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bakre%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20Ob%20gene%20product%2C%20leptin%2C%20is%20an%20adipocyte-secreted%20hormone%20that%20centrally%20regulates%20weight%20control.%20However%2C%20leptin%20receptor%20is%20expressed%20not%20only%20in%20the%20central%20nervous%20system%2C%20but%20also%20in%20other%20systems%20such%20as%20reproductive%20and%20hematopoietic%20tissues.%20Human%20leptin%20has%20previously%20been%20shown%20to%20enhance%20cytokine%20production%20by%20murine%20peritoneal%20macrophages.%20In%20this%20paper%20we%20show%20that%20human%20leptin%20stimulates%20proliferation%20in%20a%20dose-dependent%20manner%20and%20functionally%20activates%20human%20circulating%20monocytes%20in%20vitro%2C%20by%20inducing%20the%20production%20of%20cytokines%20such%20as%20TNF-alpha%20and%20IL-6.%20Proliferation%20was%20assessed%20both%20by%20%5B3H%5Dthymidine%20and%20bromodeoxyuridine%20incorporation%20at%2048%20h.%20We%20also%20checked%20the%20leptin%20stimulated%20monocyte%20expression%20of%20activation%20markers%20by%20flow%20cytometry%3A%20CD25%2C%20HLA-DR%2C%20CD38%2C%20CD71%2C%20CD11b%2C%20and%20CD11c%20expression%20increased%20after%2072%20h.%20Moreover%2C%20leptin%20increases%20the%20expression%20of%20the%20early%20activation%20marker%20CD69%20in%20monocytes%20but%20not%20in%20lymphocytes.%20The%20stimulation%20produced%20by%20leptin%20is%20comparable%20to%20that%20produced%20by%20endotoxin%20%5Blipopolysaccharide%20%28LPS%29%5D.%20In%20addition%2C%20leptin%20can%20potentiate%20the%20stimulatory%20effect%20of%20LPS%20or%20PMA.%20Furthermore%2C%20we%20studied%20cytokine%20production%20%28TNF-alpha%20and%20IL-6%29%20simultaneously%20by%20flow%20cytometric%20detection%20of%20intracellular%20cytokines%20in%20the%20activated%20monocytes.%20Leptin%20produced%20a%20dose-dependent%20increase%20in%20the%20number%20of%20activated%20monocytes%20producing%20cytokines.%20These%20data%20indicate%20that%20leptin%20is%20a%20potent%20stimulatory%20hormone%20on%20human%20peripheral%20blood%20monocytes%20and%20suggest%20that%20it%20may%20have%20a%20role%20as%20a%20proinflammatory%20cytokine.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1006%5C%2Fcimm.1999.1490%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2209724397%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A14%3A36Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%222UUJ6ECU%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Hall%20and%20Frcpc%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A6%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHall%2C%20D.%20L.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Frcpc%2C%20F.%20%282012%29.%20Reproduced%20with%20permission%20of%20the%20copyright%20owner%20.%20Further%20reproduction%20prohibited%20without.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Allergy%20and%20Clinical%20Immunology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E130%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20556.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jaci.2012.05.050%27%3Ehttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jaci.2012.05.050%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D2UUJ6ECU%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Reproduced%20with%20permission%20of%20the%20copyright%20owner%20.%20Further%20reproduction%20prohibited%20without%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dorotha%20Love%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hall%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Frcp%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Frcpc%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%222%5Cuc8fc%5Cucc28%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220091-6749%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jaci.2012.05.050%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A02%3A06Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22K2HFPKBC%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Hall%20and%20Frcpc%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHall%2C%20D.%20L.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Frcpc%2C%20F.%20%282012%29.%20Reproduced%20with%20permission%20of%20the%20copyright%20owner%20.%20Further%20reproduction%20prohibited%20without.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Allergy%20and%20Clinical%20Immunology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E130%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20556.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jaci.2012.05.050%27%3Ehttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jaci.2012.05.050%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DK2HFPKBC%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Reproduced%20with%20permission%20of%20the%20copyright%20owner%20.%20Further%20reproduction%20prohibited%20without%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dorotha%20Love%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hall%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Frcp%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Frcpc%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%222%5Cuc8fc%5Cucc28%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220091-6749%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jaci.2012.05.050%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A24%3A43Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22TVRYXRNG%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Hartnett%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHartnett%2C%20D.%20C.%2C%20Ott%2C%20J.%20P.%2C%20Sebes%2C%20K.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Ditlhogo%2C%20M.%20K.%20%282012%29.%20Coping%20with%20herbivory%20at%20the%20juvenile%20stage%3A%20responses%20to%20defoliation%20and%20stem%20browsing%20in%20the%20African%20savanna%20tree%20Colophospermum%20mopane.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Tropical%20Ecology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E28%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2802%29%2C%20161%26%23×2013%3B169.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DTVRYXRNG%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Coping%20with%20herbivory%20at%20the%20juvenile%20stage%3A%20responses%20to%20defoliation%20and%20stem%20browsing%20in%20the%20African%20savanna%20tree%20Colophospermum%20mopane%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D%20C%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hartnett%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J%20P%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ott%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sebes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M%20K%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ditlhogo%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221469-7831%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A21%3A07Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%227GTPKGPV%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Hean%20and%20Ward%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHean%2C%20J.%20W.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Ward%2C%20D.%20%282012%29.%20Fire%20and%20herbivory%20are%20not%20substitutable%3A%20evidence%20from%20regrowth%20patterns%20and%20changes%20in%20physical%20and%20chemical%20defences%20in%20Acacia%20seedlings.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Vegetation%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E23%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%2013%26%23×2013%3B23.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D7GTPKGPV%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Fire%20and%20herbivory%20are%20not%20substitutable%3A%20evidence%20from%20regrowth%20patterns%20and%20changes%20in%20physical%20and%20chemical%20defences%20in%20Acacia%20seedlings%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jeff%20W%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hean%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ward%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221654-1103%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A21%3A03Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%225Z23E5N8%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Higgins%20and%20Scheiter%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHiggins%2C%20S.%20I.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Scheiter%2C%20S.%20%282012%29.%20Atmospheric%20CO%202%20forces%20abrupt%20vegetation%20shifts%20locally%2C%20but%20not%20globally.%20%3Ci%3ENature%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E488%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%287410%29%2C%20209%26%23×2013%3B212.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fnature11238%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fnature11238%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D5Z23E5N8%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Atmospheric%20CO%202%20forces%20abrupt%20vegetation%20shifts%20locally%2C%20but%20not%20globally%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Steven%20I.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Higgins%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Simon%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Scheiter%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22It%20is%20possible%20that%20anthropogenic%20climate%20change%20will%20drive%20the%20Earth%20system%20into%20a%20qualitatively%20different%20state.%20Although%20different%20types%20of%20uncertainty%20limit%20our%20capacity%20to%20assess%20this%20risk%2C%20Earth%20system%20scientists%20are%20particularly%20concerned%20about%20tipping%20elements%2C%20large-scale%20components%20of%20the%20Earth%20system%20that%20can%20be%20switched%20into%20qualitatively%20different%20states%20by%20small%20perturbations.%20Despite%20growing%20evidence%20that%20tipping%20elements%20exist%20in%20the%20climate%20system%2C%20whether%20large-scale%20vegetation%20systems%20can%20tip%20into%20alternative%20states%20is%20poorly%20understood.%20Here%20we%20show%20that%20tropical%20grassland%2C%20savanna%20and%20forest%20ecosystems%2C%20areas%20large%20enough%20to%20have%20powerful%20impacts%20on%20the%20Earth%20system%2C%20are%20likely%20to%20shift%20to%20alternative%20states.%20Specifically%2C%20we%20show%20that%20increasing%20atmospheric%20CO%202%20concentration%20will%20force%20transitions%20to%20vegetation%20states%20characterized%20by%20higher%20biomass%20and%5C%2For%20woody-plant%20dominance.%20The%20timing%20of%20these%20critical%20transitions%20varies%20as%20a%20result%20of%20between-site%20variance%20in%20the%20rate%20of%20temperature%20increase%2C%20as%20well%20as%20a%20dependence%20on%20stochastic%20variation%20in%20fire%20severity%20and%20rainfall.%20We%20further%20show%20that%20the%20locations%20of%20bistable%20vegetation%20zones%20%28zones%20where%20alternative%20vegetation%20states%20can%20exist%29%20will%20shift%20as%20climate%20changes.%20We%20conclude%20that%20even%20though%20large-scale%20directional%20regime%20shifts%20in%20terrestrial%20ecosystems%20are%20likely%2C%20asynchrony%20in%20the%20timing%20of%20these%20shifts%20may%20serve%20to%20dampen%2C%20but%20not%20nullify%2C%20the%20shock%20that%20these%20changes%20may%20represent%20to%20the%20Earth%20system.%20%5Cu00a9%202012%20Macmillan%20Publishers%20Limited.%20All%20rights%20reserved.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1038%5C%2Fnature11238%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2200280836%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A44%3A02Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22HGSSPZ4E%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Higgins%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHiggins%2C%20S.%20I.%2C%20Bond%2C%20W.%20J.%2C%20Combrink%2C%20H.%2C%20Craine%2C%20J.%20M.%2C%20February%2C%20E.%20C.%2C%20Govender%2C%20N.%2C%20Lannas%2C%20K.%2C%20Moncreiff%2C%20G.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Trollope%2C%20W.%20S.%20W.%20W.%20%282012%29.%20Which%20traits%20determine%20shifts%20in%20the%20abundance%20of%20tree%20species%20in%20a%20fire-prone%20savanna%3F%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Ecology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E100%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%286%29%2C%201400%26%23×2013%3B1410.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1365-2745.2012.02026.x%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1365-2745.2012.02026.x%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DHGSSPZ4E%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Which%20traits%20determine%20shifts%20in%20the%20abundance%20of%20tree%20species%20in%20a%20fire-prone%20savanna%3F%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Steven%20I.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Higgins%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bond%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Henri%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Combrink%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joseph%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Craine%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Edmund%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22February%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Navashni%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Govender%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kathryn%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lannas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Glenn%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moncreiff%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Winston%20S.W.%20W%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Trollope%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Fire%20is%20a%20process%20that%20shapes%20the%20structure%20and%20composition%20of%20vegetation%20in%20many%20regions.%20Species%20in%20these%20regions%20have%20presumably%20evolved%20life-history%20strategies%20that%20allow%20success%20in%20fire-prone%20environments.%20In%20this%20study%2C%20we%20examine%20the%20extent%20to%20which%20the%20ecological%20success%20of%20savanna%20trees%20is%20determined%20by%20traits%20that%20enhance%20the%20capacity%20to%20tolerate%20fire%20and%5C%2For%20traits%20indicative%20of%20an%20ecophysiological%20capacity%20for%20rapid%20growth.%20We%20define%20ecological%20success%20as%20the%20relative%20change%20in%20stem%20density%20over%20the%20course%20of%20a%20long-term%20%28circa%2040%20year%29%20fire%20experiment%20conducted%20in%20the%20Kruger%20National%20Park%2C%20South%20Africa.%20We%20first%20examine%20the%20extent%20to%20which%20differences%20in%20the%20capacity%20of%20trees%20to%20tolerate%20fire%20can%20be%20explained%20by%20allometries%20describing%20bark%20traits%20and%20tree%20size.%20We%20then%20examine%20whether%20these%20differences%20in%20fire%20tolerance%20traits%20can%20explain%20observed%20shifts%20in%20abundance.%20We%20show%20that%20species%20differ%20in%20their%20topkill%20responses%20%28probability%20of%20above-ground%20mortality%29%20and%20that%20these%20differences%20are%20explained%20in%20part%20by%20differences%20in%20bark%20moisture%20content%20and%20the%20allometry%20between%20height%20and%20diameter.%20Contrary%20to%20previous%20studies%2C%20we%20find%20no%20evidence%20that%20bark%20thickness%20is%20important%20in%20explaining%20susceptibility%20to%20topkill.%20Synthesis.%20Fire%20tolerance%20traits%20did%20explain%20a%20significant%20component%20of%20the%20variance%20in%20observed%20shifts%20in%20the%20abundance%20of%20tree%20species.%20However%2C%20traits%20related%20to%20the%20carbon%20economy%20of%20photosynthesis%20were%20also%20important.%20%5Cu00a9%202012%20The%20Authors.%20Journal%20of%20Ecology%20%5Cu00a9%202012%20British%20Ecological%20Society.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fj.1365-2745.2012.02026.x%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2200220477%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A13%3A08Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22IZG2LTQZ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Hoffmann%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHoffmann%2C%20W.%20A.%2C%20Geiger%2C%20E.%20L.%2C%20Gotsch%2C%20S.%20G.%2C%20Rossatto%2C%20D.%20R.%2C%20Silva%2C%20L.%20C.%20R.%2C%20Lau%2C%20O.%20L.%2C%20Haridasan%2C%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Franco%2C%20A.%20C.%20%282012%29.%20Ecological%20thresholds%20at%20the%20savanna-forest%20boundary%3A%20How%20plant%20traits%2C%20resources%20and%20fire%20govern%20the%20distribution%20of%20tropical%20biomes.%20%3Ci%3EEcology%20Letters%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E15%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%287%29%2C%20759%26%23×2013%3B768.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1461-0248.2012.01789.x%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1461-0248.2012.01789.x%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DIZG2LTQZ%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Ecological%20thresholds%20at%20the%20savanna-forest%20boundary%3A%20How%20plant%20traits%2C%20resources%20and%20fire%20govern%20the%20distribution%20of%20tropical%20biomes%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hoffmann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Erika%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Geiger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sybil%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gotsch%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Davi%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rossatto%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lucas%20C.R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Silva%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22On%20Lee%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lau%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Haridasan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Augusto%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Franco%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Fire%20shapes%20the%20distribution%20of%20savanna%20and%20forest%20through%20complex%20interactions%20involving%20climate%2C%20resources%20and%20species%20traits.%20Based%20on%20data%20from%20central%20Brazil%2C%20we%20propose%20that%20these%20interactions%20are%20governed%20by%20two%20critical%20thresholds.%20The%20fire-resistance%20threshold%20is%20reached%20when%20individual%20trees%20have%20accumulated%20sufficient%20bark%20to%20avoid%20stem%20death%2C%20whereas%20the%20fire-suppression%20threshold%20is%20reached%20when%20an%20ecosystem%20has%20sufficient%20canopy%20cover%20to%20suppress%20fire%20by%20excluding%20grasses.%20Surpassing%20either%20threshold%20is%20dependent%20upon%20long%20fire-free%20intervals%2C%20which%20are%20rare%20in%20mesic%20savanna.%20On%20high-resource%20sites%2C%20the%20thresholds%20are%20reached%20quickly%2C%20increasing%20the%20probability%20that%20savanna%20switches%20to%20forest%2C%20whereas%20low-resource%20sites%20are%20likely%20to%20remain%20as%20savanna%20even%20if%20fire%20is%20infrequent.%20Species%20traits%20influence%20both%20thresholds%3B%20saplings%20of%20savanna%20trees%20accumulate%20bark%20thickness%20more%20quickly%20than%20forest%20trees%2C%20and%20are%20more%20likely%20to%20become%20fire%20resistant%20during%20fire-free%20intervals.%20Forest%20trees%20accumulate%20leaf%20area%20more%20rapidly%20than%20savanna%20trees%2C%20thereby%20accelerating%20the%20transition%20to%20forest.%20Thus%2C%20multiple%20factors%20interact%20with%20fire%20to%20determine%20the%20distribution%20of%20savanna%20and%20forest%20by%20influencing%20the%20time%20needed%20to%20reach%20these%20thresholds.%20Future%20work%20should%20decipher%20multiple%20environmental%20controls%20over%20the%20rates%20of%20tree%20growth%20and%20canopy%20closure%20in%20savanna.%20%5Cu00a9%202012%20Blackwell%20Publishing%20Ltd%5C%2FCNRS.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fj.1461-0248.2012.01789.x%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2214610248%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A46%3A02Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22GY3BZIE5%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Holdo%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHoldo%2C%20R.%20M.%2C%20Mack%2C%20M.%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Arnold%2C%20S.%20G.%20%282012%29.%20Tree%20canopies%20explain%20fire%20effects%20on%20soil%20nitrogen%2C%20phosphorus%20and%20carbon%20in%20a%20savanna%20ecosystem.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Vegetation%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E23%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20352%26%23×2013%3B360.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DGY3BZIE5%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Tree%20canopies%20explain%20fire%20effects%20on%20soil%20nitrogen%2C%20phosphorus%20and%20carbon%20in%20a%20savanna%20ecosystem%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R%20M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Holdo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M%20C%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mack%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S%20G%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Arnold%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A20%3A52Z%22%7D%7D%5D%7D
Adelabu, S., Mutanga, O., & Azong, M. (2012). A Review of Remote Sensing of Insect Defoliation and its Implications for the Detection and Mapping of Imbrasia belina Defoliation of Mopane Woodland. The African Journal of Plant Science and Biotechnology, 6(1), 1–13. Cite

Allred, B. W., Fuhlendorf, S. D., Smeins, F. E., & Taylor, C. A. (2012). Herbivore species and grazing intensity regulate community composition and an encroaching woody plant in semi-arid rangeland. Basic and Applied Ecology, 13, 149–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2012.02.007 Cite

Anderson, T. M., Schütz, M., & Risch, A. C. (2012). Seed germination cues and the importance of the soil seed bank across an environmental gradient in the Serengeti. Oikos, 121(2), 306–312. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0706.2011.19803.x Cite

Applications, S. E., Aug, N., Lesica, P., & Steele, B. M. (2012). A Method for Monitoring Long-Term Population Trends : An Example Using Rare Arctic- Alpine Plants Author ( s ): Peter Lesica and Brian M . Steele A METHOD FOR MONITORING LONG-TERM POPULATION TRENDS : AN EXAMPLE USING RARE ARCTIC-ALPINE PLANTS ’. 6(3), 879–887. Cite

Asner, G. P., & Levick, S. R. (2012). Landscape-scale effects of herbivores on treefall in African savannas. Ecology Letters, 15(11), 1211–1217. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01842.x Cite

Asner, G. P., & Levick, S. R. (2012). Landscape-scale effects of herbivores on treefall in African savannas. Ecology Letters, 15(11), 1211–1217. Cite

Atkinson, L. J., Jarre, A., Shannon, L. J., & Field, J. G. (2012). Evidence for Shifts in Demersal Fish Populations on the West Coast of South Africa: 1986 to 2009. In G. H. Kruse, H. I. Browman, K. L. Cochrane, D. Evans, G. S. Jamieson, P. A. Livingston, & D. Woodby, Global Progress in Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Management (pp. 45–64). Alaska Sea Grant, University of Alaska Fairbanks. http://seagrant.uaf.edu/bookstore/pubs/AK-SG-12-01.html Cite

Beerling, D. J., Taylor, L. L., Bradshaw, C. D. C., Lunt, D. J., Valdes, P. J., Banwart, S. A., Pagani, M., & Leake, J. R. (2012). Ecosystem CO 2 starvation and terrestrial silicate weathering: Mechanisms and global-scale quantification during the late Miocene. Journal of Ecology, 100(1), 31–41. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2011.01905.x Cite

Bernard, A. T. F., & Götz, A. (2012). Bait increases the precision in count data from remote underwater video for most subtidal reef fish in the warm-temperate Agulhas bioregion. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 471, 235–252. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps10039 Cite

Biotropica, S., & Jun, N. (2012). Synergistic Relationships Between Fire and Low Soil Fertility in Neotropical Savannas : A Hypothesis Author ( s ): Martin Kellman Reviewed work ( s ): Synergistic Relationships between Fire and Low Soil Fertility in Neotropical Savannas : A Hypothesis. Biotropica, 16(2), 158–160. Cite

Biotropica, S., & Jun, N. (2012). Synergistic Relationships Between Fire and Low Soil Fertility in Neotropical Savannas : A Hypothesis Author ( s ): Martin Kellman Reviewed work ( s ): Synergistic Relationships between Fire and Low Soil Fertility in Neotropical Savannas : A Hypothesis. Biotropica, 16(2), 158–160. Cite

Birkett, P. J., Vanak, A. T., Muggeo, V. M. R., Ferreira, S. M., & Slotow, R. (2012). Animal perception of seasonal thresholds: Changes in elephant movement in relation to rainfall patterns. PLoS ONE, 7(6). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0038363 Cite

Bond, W. J., & Midgely, G. F. (2012). Carbon dioxide and the uneasy interactions of trees and savannah grasses. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B, 367, 601–612. Cite

Bond, W. J., & Midgley, G. F. (2012). Carbon dioxide and the uneasy interactions of trees and savannah grasses. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 367(1588), 601–612. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0182 Cite

Bond, W. J., Cook, G. D., & Williams, R. J. (2012). Which trees dominate in savannas? The escape hypothesis and eucalypts in northern Australia. Austral Ecology, 37(6), 678–685. Cite

Bowker, M. A., Muñoz, A., Martinez, T., & Lau, M. K. (2012). Rare drought-induced mortality of juniper is enhanced by edaphic stressors and influenced by stand density. Journal of Arid Environments, 76, 9–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JARIDENV.2011.08.012 Cite

Buitenwerf, R., Bond, W. J., Stevens, N., & Trollope, W. S. W. (2012). Increased tree densities in South African savannas: textgreater50 years of data suggests CO 2 as a driver. Global Change Biology, 18(2), 675–684. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02561.x Cite

Carla Staver, A., & Levin, S. A. (2012). Integrating theoretical climate and fire effects on savanna and forest systems. American Naturalist, 180(2), 211–224. https://doi.org/10.1086/666648 Cite

Cermak, J. (2012). Low clouds and fog along the South-Western African coast – Satellite-based retrieval and spatial patterns. Atmospheric Research, 116, 15–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2011.02.012 Cite

Child, B. (2012). The sustainable use approach could save South Africa’s rhinos. South African Journal of Science, 108, 4. https://doi.org/dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajs. v108i7/8.1338 Cite

Child, B. A., Musengezi, J., Parent, G. D., & Child, G. F. T. (2012). The economics and institutional economics of wildlife on private land in Africa. Pastoralism, 2(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/2041-7136-2-18 Cite

Chirima, G. J., Owen-Smith, N., & Erasmus, B. F. N. (2012). Changing distributions of larger ungulates in the Kruger National Park from ecological aerial survey data. Koedoe, 54(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v54i1.1009 Cite

Clegg, B. W., & O’Connor, T. G. (2012). The vegetation of Malilangwe Wildlife Reserve, south-eastern Zimbabwe. African Journal of Range and Forage Science, 29(3), 109–131. https://doi.org/10.2989/10220119.2012.744352 Cite

Colgan, M. S., Asner, G. P., Levick, S. R., Martin, R. E., & Chadwick, O. A. (2012). Topo-edaphic controls over woody plant biomass in South African savannas. Biogeosciences, 9(5), 1809–1821. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-1809-2012 Cite

Collins, C., Reason, C. J. C., & Hermes, J. C. (2012). Scatterometer and reanalysis wind products over the western tropical Indian Ocean: WINDS OVER THE WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 117(C3), n/a-n/a. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JC007531 Cite

Cramer, M. D., Wakeling, J. L., & Bond, W. J. (2012). Belowground competitive suppression of seedling growth by grass in an African savanna. Plant Ecology, 213(10), 1655–1666. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-012-0120-7 Cite

Cramer, M. D., Wakeling, J. L., & Bond, W. J. (2012). Belowground competitive suppression of seedling growth by grass in an African savanna. Plant Ecology, 213(10), 1655–1666. Cite

Davis, A. L. V., Scholtz, C. H., & Swemmer, A. M. (2012). Effects of land usage on dung beetle assemblage structure: Kruger National Park versus adjacent farmland in South Africa. Journal of Insect Conservation, 16(3). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10841-011-9426-3 Cite

Davis, A. L. V., Scholtz, C. H., & Swemmer, A. M. (2012). Effects of land usage on dung beetle assemblage structure: Kruger National Park versus adjacent farmland in South Africa. Journal of Insect Conservation, 16(3). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10841-011-9426-3 Cite

DEA. (2012). A report on the state of the environment: Chapter 4: Land. South Africa Environment Outlook, 87–173. Cite

Dodds, W. K., Robinson, C. T., Gaiser, E. E., Hansen, G. J. A., Powell, H., Smith, J. M., Morse, N. B., Johnson, S. L., Gregory, S. V., Bell, T., Kratz, T. K., & McDowell, W. H. (2012). Surprises and insights from long-term aquatic data sets and experiments. BioScience, 62(8), 709–721. https://doi.org/10.1525/bio.2012.62.8.4 Cite

Fayolle, A., Engelbrecht, B., Freycon, V., Mortier, F., Swaine, M., Réjou-Méchain, M., Doucet, J. L., Fauvet, N., Cornu, G., & Gourlet-Fleury, S. (2012). Geological substrates shape tree species and trait distributions in African moist forests. PLoS ONE, 7(8), 12–14. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0042381 Cite

Gillson, L., Midgley, G. F., & Wakeling, J. L. (2012). Exploring the significance of land-cover change in South Africa. South African Journal of Science, 108(5–6), 5–7. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajs.v108i5/6.1247 Cite

Gordijn, P. J., Rice, E., & Ward, D. (2012). The effects of fire on woody plant encroachment are exacerbated by succession of trees of decreased palatability. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 14(6), 411–422. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppees.2012.09.005 Cite

Goschen, W., Schumann, E., Bernard, K., Bailey, S., & Deyzel, S. (2012). Upwelling and ocean structures off Algoa Bay and the south-east coast of South Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 34(4), 525–536. https://doi.org/10.2989/1814232X.2012.749810 Cite

Grellier, S., Barot, S., Janeau, J.-L., & Ward, D. (2012). Grass competition is more important than seed ingestion by livestock for Acacia recruitment in South Africa. Plant Ecology, 213(6), 899–908. Cite

Gupta, V., & Bakre, P. (2012). Metal contamination in mammalian fauna of Sariska Tiger Reserve, Alwar, India. Journal of Ecophysiology and Occupational Health, 12(1–2), 43–48. https://doi.org/10.1006/cimm.1999.1490 Cite

Hall, D. L., & Frcpc, F. (2012). Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner . Further reproduction prohibited without. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 130(2), 556. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2012.05.050 Cite

Hall, D. L., & Frcpc, F. (2012). Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner . Further reproduction prohibited without. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 130(2), 556. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2012.05.050 Cite

Hartnett, D. C., Ott, J. P., Sebes, K., & Ditlhogo, M. K. (2012). Coping with herbivory at the juvenile stage: responses to defoliation and stem browsing in the African savanna tree Colophospermum mopane. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 28(02), 161–169. Cite

Hean, J. W., & Ward, D. (2012). Fire and herbivory are not substitutable: evidence from regrowth patterns and changes in physical and chemical defences in Acacia seedlings. Journal of Vegetation Science, 23(1), 13–23. Cite

Higgins, S. I., & Scheiter, S. (2012). Atmospheric CO 2 forces abrupt vegetation shifts locally, but not globally. Nature, 488(7410), 209–212. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11238 Cite

Higgins, S. I., Bond, W. J., Combrink, H., Craine, J. M., February, E. C., Govender, N., Lannas, K., Moncreiff, G., & Trollope, W. S. W. W. (2012). Which traits determine shifts in the abundance of tree species in a fire-prone savanna? Journal of Ecology, 100(6), 1400–1410. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2012.02026.x Cite

Hoffmann, W. A., Geiger, E. L., Gotsch, S. G., Rossatto, D. R., Silva, L. C. R., Lau, O. L., Haridasan, M., & Franco, A. C. (2012). Ecological thresholds at the savanna-forest boundary: How plant traits, resources and fire govern the distribution of tropical biomes. Ecology Letters, 15(7), 759–768. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01789.x Cite

Holdo, R. M., Mack, M. C., & Arnold, S. G. (2012). Tree canopies explain fire effects on soil nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon in a savanna ecosystem. Journal of Vegetation Science, 23, 352–360. Cite






2011
2592029
2011
items
1
0
author
asc
1
218
https://www.saeon.ac.za/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
%7B%22status%22%3A%22success%22%2C%22updateneeded%22%3Afalse%2C%22instance%22%3A%22zotpress-b5de2cf46d3f695c3d23956fc44f4e84%22%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22request_last%22%3A100%2C%22request_next%22%3A50%2C%22used_cache%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22data%22%3A%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%22S9EPD5UL%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Adler%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAdler%2C%20P.%20B.%2C%20Seabloom%2C%20E.%20W.%2C%20Borer%2C%20E.%20T.%2C%20Hillebrand%2C%20H.%2C%20Hautier%2C%20Y.%2C%20Hector%2C%20A.%2C%20Stanley%20Harpole%2C%20W.%2C%20O%26%23×2019%3BHalloran%2C%20L.%20R.%2C%20Grace%2C%20J.%20B.%2C%20Michael%20Anderson%2C%20T.%2C%20Bakker%2C%20J.%20D.%2C%20Biederman%2C%20L.%20A.%2C%20Brown%2C%20C.%20S.%2C%20Buckley%2C%20Y.%20M.%2C%20Calabrese%2C%20L.%20B.%2C%20Chu%2C%20C.%20J.%2C%20Cleland%2C%20E.%20E.%2C%20Collins%2C%20S.%20L.%2C%20Cottingham%2C%20K.%20L.%2C%20%26%23×2026%3B%20Yang%2C%20L.%20H.%20%282011%29.%20Productivity%20is%20a%20poor%20predictor%20of%20plant%20species%20richness.%20%3Ci%3EScience%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E333%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%286050%29%2C%201750%26%23×2013%3B1753.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1126%5C%2Fscience.1204498%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1126%5C%2Fscience.1204498%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DS9EPD5UL%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Productivity%20is%20a%20poor%20predictor%20of%20plant%20species%20richness%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Adler%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eric%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Seabloom%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elizabeth%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Borer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Helmut%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hillebrand%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yann%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hautier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andy%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hector%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stanley%20Harpole%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lydia%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22O%27Halloran%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22James%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Grace%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Michael%20Anderson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jonathan%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bakker%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lori%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Biederman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cynthia%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Brown%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yvonne%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Buckley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Laura%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Calabrese%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cheng%20Jin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elsa%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cleland%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Scott%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Collins%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kathryn%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cottingham%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Crawley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ellen%20I.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Damschen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kendi%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Davies%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicole%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22DeCrappeo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Philip%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fay%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jennifer%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Firn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paul%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Frater%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eve%20I.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gasarch%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Daniel%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gruner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicole%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hagenah%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Janneke%20Hille%20Ris%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lambers%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hope%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Humphries%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Virginia%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adam%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kay%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kevin%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kirkman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Julia%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Klein%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Johannes%20M.H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Knops%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kimberly%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22La%20Pierre%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lambrinos%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wei%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Li%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22MacDougall%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rebecca%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McCulley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Brett%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Melbourne%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Charles%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mitchell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joslin%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moore%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Morgan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Brent%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mortensen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Orrock%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Suzanne%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Prober%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pyke%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anita%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Risch%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schuetz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Melinda%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Smith%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Carly%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stevens%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lauren%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sullivan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gang%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wragg%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Justin%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wright%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Louie%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yang%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22For%20more%20than%2030%20years%2C%20the%20relationship%20between%20net%20primary%20productivity%20and%20species%20richness%20has%20generated%20intense%20debate%20in%20ecology%20about%20the%20processes%20regulating%20local%20diversity.%20The%20original%20view%2C%20which%20is%20still%20widely%20accepted%2C%20holds%20that%20the%20relationship%20is%20hump-shaped%2C%20with%20richness%20first%20rising%20and%20then%20declining%20with%20increasing%20productivity.%20Although%20recent%20meta-analyses%20questioned%20the%20generality%20of%20hump-shaped%20patterns%2C%20these%20syntheses%20have%20been%20criticized%20for%20failing%20to%20account%20for%20methodological%20differences%20among%20studies.%20We%20addressed%20such%20concerns%20by%20conducting%20standardized%20sampling%20in%2048%20herbaceous-dominated%20plant%20communities%20on%20five%20continents.%20We%20found%20no%20clear%20relationship%20between%20productivity%20and%20fine-scale%20%28meters-2%29%20richness%20within%20sites%2C%20within%20regions%2C%20or%20across%20the%20globe.%20Ecologists%20should%20focus%20on%20fresh%2C%20mechanistic%20approaches%20to%20understanding%20the%20multivariate%20links%20between%20productivity%20and%20richness.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1126%5C%2Fscience.1204498%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2210959203%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A43%3A04Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2285732JFS%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Adler%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAdler%2C%20P.%20B.%2C%20Seabloom%2C%20E.%20W.%2C%20Borer%2C%20E.%20T.%2C%20Hillebrand%2C%20H.%2C%20Hautier%2C%20Y.%2C%20Hector%2C%20A.%2C%20Stanley%20Harpole%2C%20W.%2C%20O%26%23×2019%3BHalloran%2C%20L.%20R.%2C%20Grace%2C%20J.%20B.%2C%20Michael%20Anderson%2C%20T.%2C%20Bakker%2C%20J.%20D.%2C%20Biederman%2C%20L.%20A.%2C%20Brown%2C%20C.%20S.%2C%20Buckley%2C%20Y.%20M.%2C%20Calabrese%2C%20L.%20B.%2C%20Chu%2C%20C.%20J.%2C%20Cleland%2C%20E.%20E.%2C%20Collins%2C%20S.%20L.%2C%20Cottingham%2C%20K.%20L.%2C%20%26%23×2026%3B%20Yang%2C%20L.%20H.%20%282011%29.%20Productivity%20is%20a%20poor%20predictor%20of%20plant%20species%20richness.%20%3Ci%3EScience%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E333%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%286050%29%2C%201750%26%23×2013%3B1753.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1126%5C%2Fscience.1204498%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1126%5C%2Fscience.1204498%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D85732JFS%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Productivity%20is%20a%20poor%20predictor%20of%20plant%20species%20richness%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Adler%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eric%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Seabloom%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elizabeth%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Borer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Helmut%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hillebrand%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yann%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hautier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andy%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hector%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stanley%20Harpole%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lydia%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22O%27Halloran%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22James%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Grace%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Michael%20Anderson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jonathan%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bakker%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lori%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Biederman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cynthia%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Brown%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yvonne%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Buckley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Laura%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Calabrese%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cheng%20Jin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elsa%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cleland%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Scott%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Collins%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kathryn%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cottingham%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Crawley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ellen%20I.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Damschen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kendi%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Davies%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicole%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22DeCrappeo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Philip%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fay%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jennifer%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Firn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paul%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Frater%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eve%20I.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gasarch%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Daniel%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gruner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicole%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hagenah%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Janneke%20Hille%20Ris%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lambers%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hope%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Humphries%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Virginia%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adam%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kay%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kevin%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kirkman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Julia%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Klein%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Johannes%20M.H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Knops%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kimberly%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22La%20Pierre%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lambrinos%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wei%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Li%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22MacDougall%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rebecca%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McCulley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Brett%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Melbourne%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Charles%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mitchell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joslin%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moore%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Morgan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Brent%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mortensen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Orrock%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Suzanne%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Prober%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pyke%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anita%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Risch%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schuetz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Melinda%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Smith%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Carly%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stevens%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lauren%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sullivan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gang%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wragg%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Justin%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wright%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Louie%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yang%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22For%20more%20than%2030%20years%2C%20the%20relationship%20between%20net%20primary%20productivity%20and%20species%20richness%20has%20generated%20intense%20debate%20in%20ecology%20about%20the%20processes%20regulating%20local%20diversity.%20The%20original%20view%2C%20which%20is%20still%20widely%20accepted%2C%20holds%20that%20the%20relationship%20is%20hump-shaped%2C%20with%20richness%20first%20rising%20and%20then%20declining%20with%20increasing%20productivity.%20Although%20recent%20meta-analyses%20questioned%20the%20generality%20of%20hump-shaped%20patterns%2C%20these%20syntheses%20have%20been%20criticized%20for%20failing%20to%20account%20for%20methodological%20differences%20among%20studies.%20We%20addressed%20such%20concerns%20by%20conducting%20standardized%20sampling%20in%2048%20herbaceous-dominated%20plant%20communities%20on%20five%20continents.%20We%20found%20no%20clear%20relationship%20between%20productivity%20and%20fine-scale%20%28meters-2%29%20richness%20within%20sites%2C%20within%20regions%2C%20or%20across%20the%20globe.%20Ecologists%20should%20focus%20on%20fresh%2C%20mechanistic%20approaches%20to%20understanding%20the%20multivariate%20links%20between%20productivity%20and%20richness.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1126%5C%2Fscience.1204498%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2210959203%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A58%3A21Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22T8D5N6XK%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Anderson%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAnderson%2C%20M.%20J.%2C%20Crist%2C%20T.%20O.%2C%20Chase%2C%20J.%20M.%2C%20Vellend%2C%20M.%2C%20Inouye%2C%20B.%20D.%2C%20Freestone%2C%20A.%20L.%2C%20Sanders%2C%20N.%20J.%2C%20Cornell%2C%20H.%20V.%2C%20Comita%2C%20L.%20S.%2C%20Davies%2C%20K.%20F.%2C%20Harrison%2C%20S.%20P.%2C%20Kraft%2C%20N.%20J.%20B.%2C%20Stegen%2C%20J.%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Swenson%2C%20N.%20G.%20%282011%29.%20Navigating%20the%20multiple%20meanings%20of%20%26%23x3B2%3B%20diversity%3A%20A%20roadmap%20for%20the%20practicing%20ecologist.%20%3Ci%3EEcology%20Letters%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E14%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%2019%26%23×2013%3B28.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1461-0248.2010.01552.x%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1461-0248.2010.01552.x%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DT8D5N6XK%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Navigating%20the%20multiple%20meanings%20of%20%5Cu03b2%20diversity%3A%20A%20roadmap%20for%20the%20practicing%20ecologist%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marti%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Anderson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thomas%20O.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Crist%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jonathan%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chase%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mark%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vellend%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Brian%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Inouye%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Amy%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Freestone%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nathan%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sanders%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Howard%20V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cornell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Liza%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Comita%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kendi%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Davies%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Susan%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Harrison%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nathan%20J.B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kraft%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22James%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stegen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nathan%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Swenson%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22A%20recent%20increase%20in%20studies%20of%20%5Cu03b2%20diversity%20has%20yielded%20a%20confusing%20array%20of%20concepts%2C%20measures%20and%20methods.%20Here%2C%20we%20provide%20a%20roadmap%20of%20the%20most%20widely%20used%20and%20ecologically%20relevant%20approaches%20for%20analysis%20through%20a%20series%20of%20mission%20statements.%20We%20distinguish%20two%20types%20of%20%5Cu03b2%20diversity%3A%20directional%20turnover%20along%20a%20gradient%20vs.%20non-directional%20variation.%20Different%20measures%20emphasize%20different%20properties%20of%20ecological%20data.%20Such%20properties%20include%20the%20degree%20of%20emphasis%20on%20presence%5C%2Fabsence%20vs.%20relative%20abundance%20information%20and%20the%20inclusion%20vs.%20exclusion%20of%20joint%20absences.%20Judicious%20use%20of%20multiple%20measures%20in%20concert%20can%20uncover%20the%20underlying%20nature%20of%20patterns%20in%20%5Cu03b2%20diversity%20for%20a%20given%20dataset.%20A%20case%20study%20of%20Indonesian%20coral%20assemblages%20shows%20the%20utility%20of%20a%20multi-faceted%20approach.%20We%20advocate%20careful%20consideration%20of%20relevant%20questions%2C%20matched%20by%20appropriate%20analyses.%20The%20rigorous%20application%20of%20null%20models%20will%20also%20help%20to%20reveal%20potential%20processes%20driving%20observed%20patterns%20in%20%5Cu03b2%20diversity.%20%5Cu00a9%202010%20Blackwell%20Publishing%20Ltd%5C%2FCNRS.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fj.1461-0248.2010.01552.x%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221461023X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A46%3A47Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22N5DZ4K5V%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Anderson%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011-05%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAnderson%2C%20T.%20M.%2C%20Shaw%2C%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Olff%2C%20H.%20%282011%29.%20Ecology%26%23×2019%3Bs%20cruel%20dilemma%2C%20phylogenetic%20trait%20evolution%20and%20the%20assembly%20of%20Serengeti%20plant%20communities.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Ecology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E99%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%20797%26%23×2013%3B806.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1365-2745.2011.01795.x%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1365-2745.2011.01795.x%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DN5DZ4K5V%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Ecology%27s%20cruel%20dilemma%2C%20phylogenetic%20trait%20evolution%20and%20the%20assembly%20of%20Serengeti%20plant%20communities%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%20Michael%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Anderson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joey%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shaw%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Han%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Olff%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222011-05%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fj.1365-2745.2011.01795.x%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2200220477%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.wiley.com%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1365-2745.2011.01795.x%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A15%3A52Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22VPT6RWBX%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ashton%20and%20Dabrowski%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAshton%2C%20P.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Dabrowski%2C%20J.%20M.%20%282011%29.%20%3Ci%3EAn%20overview%20of%20surface%20water%20quality%20in%20the%20Olifants%20river%20catchment.%3A%20Vol.%20KV%20293%5C%2F11%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DVPT6RWBX%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22An%20overview%20of%20surface%20water%20quality%20in%20the%20Olifants%20river%20catchment.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ashton%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22James%20M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dabrowski%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-1-4312-0188-4%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A47%3A42Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2293UA5FAC%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Asner%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAsner%2C%20G.%20P.%2C%20Hughes%2C%20R.%20F.%2C%20Mascaro%2C%20J.%2C%20Uowolo%2C%20A.%20L.%2C%20Knapp%2C%20D.%20E.%2C%20Jacobson%2C%20J.%2C%20Kennedy-Bowdoin%2C%20T.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Clark%2C%20J.%20K.%20%282011%29.%20High-resolution%20carbon%20mapping%20on%20the%20million-hectare%20Island%20of%20Hawaii.%20%3Ci%3EFrontiers%20in%20Ecology%20and%20the%20Environment%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E9%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%288%29%2C%20434%26%23×2013%3B439.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1890%5C%2F100179%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1890%5C%2F100179%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D93UA5FAC%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22High-resolution%20carbon%20mapping%20on%20the%20million-hectare%20Island%20of%20Hawaii%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gregory%20P%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Asner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R%20Flint%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hughes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joseph%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mascaro%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Amanda%20L%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Uowolo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20E%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Knapp%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22James%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jacobson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ty%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kennedy-Bowdoin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%20K%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Clark%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1890%5C%2F100179%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221540-9295%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi.org%5C%2F10.1890%5C%2F100179%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A24%3A13Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22YXW5L3GD%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Atkinson%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011-04%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAtkinson%2C%20L.%2C%20Leslie%2C%20R.%2C%20Field%2C%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Jarre%2C%20A.%20%282011%29.%20Changes%20in%20demersal%20fish%20assemblages%20on%20the%20west%20coast%20of%20South%20Africa%2C%201986%26%23×2013%3B2009.%20%3Ci%3EAfrican%20Journal%20of%20Marine%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E33%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%20157%26%23×2013%3B170.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F1814232X.2011.572378%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F1814232X.2011.572378%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DYXW5L3GD%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Changes%20in%20demersal%20fish%20assemblages%20on%20the%20west%20coast%20of%20South%20Africa%2C%201986%5Cu20132009%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lj%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Atkinson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rw%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Leslie%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jg%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Field%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jarre%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22April%202011%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.2989%5C%2F1814232X.2011.572378%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221814-232X%2C%201814-2338%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F1814232X.2011.572378%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-12-15T12%3A06%3A38Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22CGUIFJDF%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Atkinson%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011-05-26%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAtkinson%2C%20L.%2C%20Field%2C%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Hutchings%2C%20L.%20%282011%29.%20Effects%20of%20demersal%20trawling%20along%20the%20west%20coast%20of%20southern%20Africa%3A%20multivariate%20analysis%20of%20benthic%20assemblages.%20%3Ci%3EMarine%20Ecology%20Progress%20Series%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E430%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20241%26%23×2013%3B255.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3354%5C%2Fmeps08956%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3354%5C%2Fmeps08956%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DCGUIFJDF%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Effects%20of%20demersal%20trawling%20along%20the%20west%20coast%20of%20southern%20Africa%3A%20multivariate%20analysis%20of%20benthic%20assemblages%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lj%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Atkinson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jg%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Field%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hutchings%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22May%2026%2C%202011%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.3354%5C%2Fmeps08956%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220171-8630%2C%201616-1599%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.int-res.com%5C%2Fabstracts%5C%2Fmeps%5C%2Fv430%5C%2Fp241-255%5C%2F%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-12-15T12%3A06%3A38Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22MMRY47RB%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Atkinson%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAtkinson%2C%20L.%2C%20Field%2C%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Hutchings%2C%20L.%20%282011%29.%20%3Ci%3EMarine%20Ecology%20Progress%20Series%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E430%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%28null%29%2C%20241.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DMMRY47RB%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22LJ%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Atkinson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22JG%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Field%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hutchings%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22null%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-06-14T12%3A49%3A47Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22P4I9I48M%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Barger%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBarger%2C%20N.%20N.%2C%20Archer%2C%20S.%20R.%2C%20Campbell%2C%20J.%20L.%2C%20Huang%2C%20C.%20Y.%2C%20Morton%2C%20J.%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Knapp%2C%20A.%20K.%20%282011%29.%20Woody%20plant%20proliferation%20in%20North%20American%20drylands%3A%20A%20synthesis%20of%20impacts%20on%20ecosystem%20carbon%20balance.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Biogeosciences%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E116%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%201%26%23×2013%3B17.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2010JG001506%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2010JG001506%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DP4I9I48M%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Woody%20plant%20proliferation%20in%20North%20American%20drylands%3A%20A%20synthesis%20of%20impacts%20on%20ecosystem%20carbon%20balance%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nichole%20N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Barger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Steven%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Archer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Campbell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cho%20Ying%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Huang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jeffery%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Morton%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alan%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Knapp%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Changes%20in%20the%20magnitude%20and%20direction%20of%20ecosystem%20carbon%20%28C%29%20balance%20accompanying%20woody%20plant%20encroachment%20are%20among%20the%20largest%20contributors%20to%20the%20uncertainty%20in%20the%20North%20American%20C%20budget.%20In%20this%20synthesis%20we%20identify%20the%20important%20species%20contributing%20to%20woody%20encroachment%2C%20summarize%20our%20current%20knowledge%20of%20aboveground%20and%20belowground%20C%20storage%20change%20with%20woody%20encroachment%2C%20and%20evaluate%20the%20range%20of%20human%20and%20natural%20disturbance%20factors%20that%20alter%20the%20course%20of%20C%20gains%20and%20losses%20within%20ecosystems%20experiencing%20woody%20encroachment.%20Available%20data%20indicate%20that%20relative%20to%20the%20historic%20vegetation%2C%20aboveground%20net%20primary%20production%20%28ANPP%29%20decreases%20with%20woody%20plant%20encroachment%20in%20arid%20regions%20%28mean%20annual%20precipitation%20%28MAP%29%20%5C%5Ctextless%20336%20mm%29%2C%20but%20increases%20in%20semiarid%20and%20subhumid%20regions%20%28on%20the%20order%20of%200.7%20g%20C%20m%20%5C%5Ctextlesssup%5C%5Ctextgreater-2%5C%5Ctextless%5C%2Fsup%5C%5Ctextgreater%20yr%5C%5Ctextlesssup%5C%5Ctextgreater-1%5C%5Ctextless%5C%2Fsup%5C%5Ctextgreater%20per%20mm%20of%20MAP%20over%20336%20mm%29.%20Soil%20organic%20carbon%20response%20to%20woody%20plant%20encroachment%20ranged%20from%20losses%20of%206200%20g%20C%20m%20%5C%5Ctextlesssup%5C%5Ctextgreater-2%5C%5Ctextless%5C%2Fsup%5C%5Ctextgreater%20to%20gains%20of%202700%20g%20C%20m%5C%5Ctextlesssup%5C%5Ctextgreater-2%5C%5Ctextless%5C%2Fsup%5C%5Ctextgreater%20with%20an%20average%20accumulation%20of%20385%20g%20C%20m%5C%5Ctextlesssup%5C%5Ctextgreater-2%5C%5Ctextless%5C%2Fsup%5C%5Ctextgreater%20across%20all%20studies%20and%20did%20not%20appear%20to%20be%20closely%20coupled%20to%20ANPP.%20Taken%20together%2C%20in%20the%20absence%20of%20disturbance%2C%20woody%20encroachment%20appears%20to%20result%20in%20a%20net%20ecosystem%20C%20gain%20across%20most%20species%20and%20ecoregions.%20However%2C%20disturbance%20associated%20with%20wildfire%2C%20land%20management%20practices%2C%20and%20drought%20may%20quickly%20and%20significantly%20offset%20these%20gains%20and%20should%20be%20explicitly%20factored%20into%20regional-scale%20C%20balance%20estimates.%20Our%20findings%20may%20be%20used%20to%20better%20constrain%20future%20estimates%20of%20woody%20plant%20encroachment%20influences%20on%20the%20North%20American%20C%20budget.%20Copyright%202011%20by%20the%20American%20Geophysical%20Union.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2010JG001506%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2201480227%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A11%3A05Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22SAPS7AS2%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Baskerville%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011-12%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBaskerville%2C%20E.%20B.%2C%20Dobson%2C%20A.%20P.%2C%20Bedford%2C%20T.%2C%20Allesina%2C%20S.%2C%20Anderson%2C%20T.%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Pascual%2C%20M.%20%282011%29.%20Spatial%20Guilds%20in%20the%20Serengeti%20Food%20Web%20Revealed%20by%20a%20Bayesian%20Group%20Model.%20%3Ci%3EPLoS%20Computational%20Biology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E7%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2812%29%2C%20e1002321.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pcbi.1002321%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pcbi.1002321%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DSAPS7AS2%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Spatial%20Guilds%20in%20the%20Serengeti%20Food%20Web%20Revealed%20by%20a%20Bayesian%20Group%20Model%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Edward%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Baskerville%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andy%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dobson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Trevor%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bedford%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stefano%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Allesina%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%20Michael%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Anderson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mercedes%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pascual%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lauren%20Ancel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Meyers%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222011-12%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pcbi.1002321%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221553-7358%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.plos.org%5C%2F10.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pcbi.1002321%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A15%3A52Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22VCMV7WDK%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bazelet%20and%20Samways%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBazelet%2C%20C.%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Samways%2C%20M.%20J.%20%282011%29.%20Relative%20importance%20of%20management%20vs.%20design%20for%20implementation%20of%20large-scale%20ecological%20networks.%20%3Ci%3ELandscape%20Ecology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E26%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%20341%26%23×2013%3B353.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs10980-010-9557-z%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs10980-010-9557-z%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DVCMV7WDK%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Relative%20importance%20of%20management%20vs.%20design%20for%20implementation%20of%20large-scale%20ecological%20networks%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Corinna%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bazelet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Samways%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Ecological%20networks%20%28ENs%29%20are%20used%20to%20mitigate%20landscape-scale%20habitat%20loss%2C%20and%20are%20managed%20and%20designed%20to%20conserve%20regional%20biodiversity.%20In%20our%20study%20region%20in%20southern%20Africa%2C%20ENs%20of%20isolated%20grassland%20remnants%20are%20specifically%20set%20aside%20and%20managed%20for%20conservation%2C%20and%20are%20complemented%20by%20corridor-like%20power%20line%20servitudes%20which%20are%20maintained%20by%20regular%20mowing.%20Using%20grasshoppers%2C%20a%20sensitive%20and%20reliable%20bioindicator%20taxon%2C%20we%20determine%20whether%20ENs%20effectively%20conserve%20biodiversity.%20We%20used%20cluster%20analysis%20and%20variation%20partitioning%20to%20select%20the%20best%20subset%20of%20environmental%20variables%20which%20explained%20the%20patterns%20of%20species%20composition.%20We%20then%20compared%20the%20relative%20importance%20of%20environmental%20variables%20grouped%20by%20the%20scale%20of%20their%20influence%3A%20local-scale%20variables%20affected%20by%20management%20practices%20vs.%20landscape-scale%20variables%20affected%20by%20design%20of%20ENs.%20Management%20was%20consistently%20and%20significantly%202-5%20times%20more%20influential%20than%20design%20in%20determining%20grasshopper%20assemblages%20within%20ENs%20and%20servitudes.%20Servitudes%20had%20a%20higher%20proportion%20of%20bare%20ground%2C%20lower%20proportion%20of%20tall%20grasses%20and%20higher%20abundance%20of%20grasshoppers%20relative%20to%20ENs.%20Three%20grasshopper%20species%20were%20strongly%20associated%20with%20servitudes%20and%20exhibited%20traits%20consistent%20with%20early%20colonizers.%20As%20management%20actions%20are%20primarily%20responsible%20for%20vegetation%20succession%2C%20the%20use%20of%20ENs%20for%20conservation%20efforts%20should%20first%20focus%20on%20appropriate%20management%20strategies%2C%20such%20as%20fire%20regime%20and%20grass%20height%20management%20before%20altering%20the%20landscape%20structure%20%28e.%20g.%20increasing%20connectivity%20or%20enlarging%20patches%29.%20The%20conservation%20implications%20of%20these%20results%20are%20that%2C%20if%20ENs%20are%20managed%20and%20designed%20for%20heterogeneity%20and%20to%20simulate%20multiple%20successional%20stages%2C%20they%20may%20be%20beneficial%20for%20biodiversity%20conservation.%20%5Cu00a9%202010%20Springer%20Science%2BBusiness%20Media%20B.V.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs10980-010-9557-z%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2209212973%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A55%3A06Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22TSNJ9PCW%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Biggs%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBiggs%2C%20D.%2C%20Biggs%2C%20R.%2C%20Dakos%2C%20V.%2C%20Scholes%2C%20R.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Schoon%2C%20M.%20%282011%29.%20Are%20we%20entering%20an%20era%20of%20concatenated%20global%20crises%3F%20%3Ci%3EEcology%20and%20Society%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E16%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.5751%5C%2FES-04079-160227%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.5751%5C%2FES-04079-160227%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DTSNJ9PCW%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Are%20we%20entering%20an%20era%20of%20concatenated%20global%20crises%3F%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Duan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Biggs%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Reinette%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Biggs%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Vasilis%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dakos%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Robert%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Scholes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schoon%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22An%20increase%20in%20the%20frequency%20and%20intensity%20of%20environmental%20crises%20associated%20with%20accelerating%20human-induced%20global%20change%20is%20of%20substantial%20concern%20to%20policy%20makers.%20The%20potential%20impacts%2C%20especially%20on%20the%20poor%2C%20are%20exacerbated%20in%20an%20increasingly%20connected%20world%20that%20enables%20the%20emergence%20of%20crises%20that%20are%20coupled%20in%20time%20and%20space.%20We%20discuss%20two%20factors%20that%20can%20interact%20to%20contribute%20to%20such%20an%20increased%20concatenation%20of%20crises%3A%20%281%29%20the%20increasing%20strength%20of%20global%20vs.%20local%20drivers%20of%20change%2C%20so%20that%20changes%20become%20increasingly%20synchronized%3B%20and%20%282%29%20unprecedented%20potential%20for%20the%20propagation%20of%20crises%2C%20and%20an%20enhanced%20risk%20of%20management%20interventions%20in%20one%20region%20becoming%20drivers%20elsewhere%2C%20because%20of%20increased%20connectivity.%20We%20discuss%20the%20oil-food-financial%20crisis%20of%202007%20to%202008%20as%20an%20example%20of%20a%20concatenated%20crisis%20with%20origin%20and%20ultimate%20impacts%20in%20far%20removed%20parts%20of%20the%20globe.%20The%20potential%20for%20a%20future%20of%20concatenated%20shocks%20requires%20adaptations%20in%20science%20and%20governance%20including%20%28a%29%20an%20increased%20tolerance%20of%20uncertainty%20and%20surprise%2C%20%28b%29%20strengthening%20capacity%20for%20early%20detection%20and%20response%20to%20shocks%2C%20and%20%28c%29%20flexibility%20in%20response%20to%20enable%20adaptation%20and%20learning.%20%5Cu00a9%202011%20by%20the%20author%28s%29.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.5751%5C%2FES-04079-160227%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2217083087%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A49%3A21Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22PVLQVPY3%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Blanchard%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBlanchard%2C%20R.%2C%20Richardson%2C%20D.%20M.%2C%20O%26%23×2019%3BFarrell%2C%20P.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Von%20Maltitz%2C%20G.%20P.%20%282011%29.%20Biofuels%20and%20biodiversity%20in%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3ESouth%20African%20Journal%20of%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E107%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%285%26%23×2013%3B6%29%2C%201%26%23×2013%3B8.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.4102%5C%2Fsajs.v107i5%5C%2F6.186%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.4102%5C%2Fsajs.v107i5%5C%2F6.186%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DPVLQVPY3%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Biofuels%20and%20biodiversity%20in%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ryan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Blanchard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Richardson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Patrick%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22O%27Farrell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Graham%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Von%20Maltitz%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20South%20African%20government%2C%20as%20part%20of%20its%20efforts%20to%20mitigate%20the%20effects%20of%20the%20ongoing%20energy%20crisis%2C%20has%20proposed%20that%20biofuels%20should%20form%20an%20important%20part%20of%20the%20country%27s%20energy%20supply.%20The%20contribution%20of%20liquid%20biofuels%20to%20the%20national%20fuel%20supply%20is%20expected%20to%20be%20at%20least%202%25%20by%202013.%20The%20Biofuels%20Industrial%20Strategy%20of%20the%20Republic%20of%20South%20Africa%20of%202007%20outlines%20key%20incentives%20for%20reaching%20this%20target%20and%20promoting%20the%20development%20of%20a%20sustainable%20biofuels%20industry.%20This%20paper%20discusses%20issues%20relating%20to%20this%20strategy%20as%20well%20as%20key%20drivers%20in%20biofuel%20processing%20with%20reference%20to%20potential%20impacts%20on%20South%20Africa%27s%20rich%20biological%20heritage.%20Our%20understanding%20of%20many%20of%20the%20broader%20aspects%20of%20biofuels%20needs%20to%20be%20enhanced.%20We%20identify%20key%20areas%20where%20challenges%20exist%2C%20such%20as%20the%20link%20between%20technology%2C%20conversion%20processes%20and%20feedstock%20selection.%20The%20available%20and%20proposed%20processing%20technologies%20have%20important%20implications%20for%20land%20use%20and%20the%20use%20of%20different%20non-native%20plant%20species%20as%20desired%20feedstocks.%20South%20Africa%20has%20a%20long%20history%20of%20planting%20non-native%20plant%20species%20for%20commercial%20purposes%2C%20notably%20for%20commercial%20forestry.%20Valuable%20lessons%20can%20be%20drawn%20from%20this%20experience%20on%20mitigation%20against%20potential%20impacts%20by%20considering%20plausible%20scenarios%20and%20the%20appropriate%20management%20framework%20and%20policies.%20We%20conceptualise%20key%20issues%20embodied%20in%20the%20biofuels%20strategy%2C%20adapting%20a%20framework%20developed%20for%20assessing%20and%20quantifying%20impacts%20of%20invasive%20alien%20species.%20In%20so%20doing%2C%20we%20provide%20guidelines%20for%20minimising%20the%20potential%20impacts%20of%20biofuel%20projects%20on%20biodiversity.%20%5Cu00a9%202011.%20The%20Authors.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.4102%5C%2Fsajs.v107i5%5C%2F6.186%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2200382353%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A49%3A19Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22KR4BDK4Q%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Blue%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBlue%2C%20J.%20D.%2C%20Souza%2C%20L.%2C%20Classen%2C%20A.%20T.%2C%20Schweitzer%2C%20J.%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Sanders%2C%20N.%20J.%20%282011%29.%20The%20variable%20effects%20of%20soil%20nitrogen%20availability%20and%20insect%20herbivory%20on%20aboveground%20and%20belowground%20plant%20biomass%20in%20an%20old-field%20ecosystem.%20%3Ci%3EOecologia%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E167%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%20771%26%23×2013%3B780.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00442-011-2028-7%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00442-011-2028-7%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DKR4BDK4Q%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20variable%20effects%20of%20soil%20nitrogen%20availability%20and%20insect%20herbivory%20on%20aboveground%20and%20belowground%20plant%20biomass%20in%20an%20old-field%20ecosystem%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jarrod%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Blue%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lara%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Souza%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Aim%5Cu00e9e%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Classen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jennifer%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schweitzer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nathan%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sanders%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Nutrient%20availability%20and%20herbivory%20can%20regulate%20primary%20production%20in%20ecosystems%2C%20but%20little%20is%20known%20about%20how%2C%20or%20whether%2C%20they%20may%20interact%20with%20one%20another.%20Here%2C%20we%20investigate%20how%20nitrogen%20availability%20and%20insect%20herbivory%20interact%20to%20alter%20aboveground%20and%20belowground%20plant%20community%20biomass%20in%20an%20old-field%20ecosystem.%20In%202004%2C%20we%20established%2036%20experimental%20plots%20in%20which%20we%20manipulated%20soil%20nitrogen%20%28N%29%20availability%20and%20insect%20abundance%20in%20a%20completely%20randomized%20plot%20design.%20In%202009%2C%20after%206%20years%20of%20treatments%2C%20we%20measured%20aboveground%20biomass%20and%20assessed%20root%20production%20at%20peak%20growth.%20Overall%2C%20we%20found%20a%20significant%20effect%20of%20reduced%20soil%20N%20availability%20on%20aboveground%20biomass%20and%20belowground%20plant%20biomass%20production.%20Specifically%2C%20responses%20of%20aboveground%20and%20belowground%20community%20biomass%20to%20nutrients%20were%20driven%20by%20reductions%20in%20soil%20N%2C%20but%20not%20additions%2C%20indicating%20that%20soil%20N%20may%20not%20be%20limiting%20primary%20production%20in%20this%20ecosystem.%20Insects%20reduced%20the%20aboveground%20biomass%20of%20subdominant%20plant%20species%20and%20decreased%20coarse%20root%20production.%20We%20found%20no%20statistical%20interactions%20between%20N%20availability%20and%20insect%20herbivory%20for%20any%20response%20variable.%20Overall%2C%20the%20results%20of%206%20years%20of%20nutrient%20manipulations%20and%20insect%20removals%20suggest%20strong%20bottom-up%20influences%20on%20total%20plant%20community%20productivity%20but%20more%20subtle%20effects%20of%20insect%20herbivores%20on%20aspects%20of%20aboveground%20and%20belowground%20production.%20%5Cu00a9%202011%20Springer-Verlag.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs00442-011-2028-7%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2200298549%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A55%3A30Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22SQNWGBGA%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Buitenwerf%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBuitenwerf%2C%20R.%2C%20Swemmer%2C%20A.%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Peel%2C%20M.%20J.%20%282011%29.%20Long-term%20dynamics%20of%20herbaceous%20vegetation%20structure%20and%20composition%20in%20two%20African%20savanna%20reserves.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Applied%20Ecology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E48%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1365-2664.2010.01895.x%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1365-2664.2010.01895.x%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DSQNWGBGA%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Long-term%20dynamics%20of%20herbaceous%20vegetation%20structure%20and%20composition%20in%20two%20African%20savanna%20reserves%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Buitenwerf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Swemmer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Peel%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Small%20fenced%20reserves%20are%20perceived%20to%20require%20management%20interventions%20to%20maintain%20ecosystems%20in%20a%20natural%20state.%20Such%20interventions%20are%20typically%20initiated%20and%20assessed%20on%20the%20basis%20of%20short-term%20observations%2C%20while%20slow%20changes%20are%20often%20misunderstood%20or%20missed%20entirely.%20Long-term%20monitoring%20is%20therefore%20crucial%20to%20understand%20the%20effect%20of%20reserve%20management%20on%20ecosystem%20structure%20and%20functioning.%202.We%20analysed%20a%2015-year%20data%20set%20of%20herbaceous%20vegetation%20data%20for%2059%20monitoring%20sites%20in%20two%20nature%20reserves%20of%20different%20size%20and%20with%20different%20management%20regimes%20in%20a%20semi-arid%2C%20South%20African%20savanna.%20Community%20composition%20and%20vegetation%20structure%20%28basal%20cover%29%20were%20assessed%20in%20response%20to%20rainfall%20and%20management%20variables.%203.No%20directional%20changes%20over%20time%20were%20found.%20Basal%20cover%20as%20measured%20by%20two%20proxies%20%28distance%20to%20the%20nearest%20tuft%20and%20tuft%20diameter%29%20increased%20with%20current%20and%20previous%20year%20rainfall.%20The%20relative%20abundance%20of%20functional%20groups%20also%20responded%20to%20rainfall%2C%20with%20perennial%20grasses%20increasing%20in%20relative%20abundance%20following%20a%20wet%20year.%20Compositional%20responses%2C%20as%20measured%20by%20a%20dissimilarity%20index%20of%20species%20relative%20abundance%2C%20showed%20a%202-year%20lag%20and%20responses%20were%20larger%20following%20dry%20years%20than%20wet%20years.%204.The%20response%20to%20rainfall%20of%20distance%20to%20the%20nearest%20tuft%20was%20significantly%20weaker%20in%20the%20smaller%20reserve%2C%20while%20compositional%20change%20during%20dry%20years%20was%20larger%20than%20in%20the%20larger%20reserve.%205.Synthesis%20and%20applications.%20Most%20of%20the%20variation%20in%20herbaceous%20basal%20cover%20and%20community%20composition%20was%20associated%20with%20differences%20between%20years%20%28time%29%20at%20each%20site%2C%20rather%20than%20with%20differences%20between%20sites%20%28space%29%2C%20indicating%20that%20inter-annual%20variation%20in%20rainfall%20is%20the%20most%20important%20driver%20of%20herbaceous%20layer%20dynamics%20in%20these%20systems.%20However%2C%20management%20did%20modify%20the%20effects%20of%20rainfall%20on%20herbaceous%20structure%20and%20community%20composition.%20The%20smaller%20reserve%2C%20which%20had%20higher%20grazer%20and%20waterhole%20density%2C%20showed%20greater%20fluctuations%20in%20key%20herbaceous%20variables.%20Such%20reserves%20are%20common%20in%20southern%20Africa%20and%20probably%20require%20more%20careful%20management%20than%20larger%20reserves%20in%20the%20face%20of%20global%20climate%20change.%20%5Cu00a9%202010%20The%20Authors.%20Journal%20of%20Applied%20Ecology%20%5Cu00a9%202010%20British%20Ecological%20Society.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fj.1365-2664.2010.01895.x%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2200218901%2013652664%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%228VPML3VD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-04T13%3A02%3A59Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22VYPJ84G8%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Buitenwerf%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBuitenwerf%2C%20R.%2C%20Swemmer%2C%20A.%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Peel%2C%20M.%20J.%20%282011%29.%20Long-term%20dynamics%20of%20herbaceous%20vegetation%20structure%20and%20composition%20in%20two%20African%20savanna%20reserves.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Applied%20Ecology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E48%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1365-2664.2010.01895.x%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1365-2664.2010.01895.x%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DVYPJ84G8%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Long-term%20dynamics%20of%20herbaceous%20vegetation%20structure%20and%20composition%20in%20two%20African%20savanna%20reserves%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Buitenwerf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Swemmer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Peel%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Small%20fenced%20reserves%20are%20perceived%20to%20require%20management%20interventions%20to%20maintain%20ecosystems%20in%20a%20natural%20state.%20Such%20interventions%20are%20typically%20initiated%20and%20assessed%20on%20the%20basis%20of%20short-term%20observations%2C%20while%20slow%20changes%20are%20often%20misunderstood%20or%20missed%20entirely.%20Long-term%20monitoring%20is%20therefore%20crucial%20to%20understand%20the%20effect%20of%20reserve%20management%20on%20ecosystem%20structure%20and%20functioning.%202.We%20analysed%20a%2015-year%20data%20set%20of%20herbaceous%20vegetation%20data%20for%2059%20monitoring%20sites%20in%20two%20nature%20reserves%20of%20different%20size%20and%20with%20different%20management%20regimes%20in%20a%20semi-arid%2C%20South%20African%20savanna.%20Community%20composition%20and%20vegetation%20structure%20%28basal%20cover%29%20were%20assessed%20in%20response%20to%20rainfall%20and%20management%20variables.%203.No%20directional%20changes%20over%20time%20were%20found.%20Basal%20cover%20as%20measured%20by%20two%20proxies%20%28distance%20to%20the%20nearest%20tuft%20and%20tuft%20diameter%29%20increased%20with%20current%20and%20previous%20year%20rainfall.%20The%20relative%20abundance%20of%20functional%20groups%20also%20responded%20to%20rainfall%2C%20with%20perennial%20grasses%20increasing%20in%20relative%20abundance%20following%20a%20wet%20year.%20Compositional%20responses%2C%20as%20measured%20by%20a%20dissimilarity%20index%20of%20species%20relative%20abundance%2C%20showed%20a%202-year%20lag%20and%20responses%20were%20larger%20following%20dry%20years%20than%20wet%20years.%204.The%20response%20to%20rainfall%20of%20distance%20to%20the%20nearest%20tuft%20was%20significantly%20weaker%20in%20the%20smaller%20reserve%2C%20while%20compositional%20change%20during%20dry%20years%20was%20larger%20than%20in%20the%20larger%20reserve.%205.Synthesis%20and%20applications.%20Most%20of%20the%20variation%20in%20herbaceous%20basal%20cover%20and%20community%20composition%20was%20associated%20with%20differences%20between%20years%20%28time%29%20at%20each%20site%2C%20rather%20than%20with%20differences%20between%20sites%20%28space%29%2C%20indicating%20that%20inter-annual%20variation%20in%20rainfall%20is%20the%20most%20important%20driver%20of%20herbaceous%20layer%20dynamics%20in%20these%20systems.%20However%2C%20management%20did%20modify%20the%20effects%20of%20rainfall%20on%20herbaceous%20structure%20and%20community%20composition.%20The%20smaller%20reserve%2C%20which%20had%20higher%20grazer%20and%20waterhole%20density%2C%20showed%20greater%20fluctuations%20in%20key%20herbaceous%20variables.%20Such%20reserves%20are%20common%20in%20southern%20Africa%20and%20probably%20require%20more%20careful%20management%20than%20larger%20reserves%20in%20the%20face%20of%20global%20climate%20change.%20%5Cu00a9%202010%20The%20Authors.%20Journal%20of%20Applied%20Ecology%20%5Cu00a9%202010%20British%20Ecological%20Society.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fj.1365-2664.2010.01895.x%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2200218901%2013652664%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A24%3A40Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22GC9L4JR3%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Casanoves%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECasanoves%2C%20F.%2C%20Pla%2C%20L.%2C%20Di%20Rienzo%2C%20J.%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20D%26%23xED%3Baz%2C%20S.%20%282011%29.%20FDiversity%3A%20A%20software%20package%20for%20the%20integrated%20analysis%20of%20functional%20diversity.%20%3Ci%3EMethods%20in%20Ecology%20and%20Evolution%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E2%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%20233%26%23×2013%3B237.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.2041-210X.2010.00082.x%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.2041-210X.2010.00082.x%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DGC9L4JR3%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22FDiversity%3A%20A%20software%20package%20for%20the%20integrated%20analysis%20of%20functional%20diversity%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fernando%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Casanoves%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Laura%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pla%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Julio%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Di%20Rienzo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sandra%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22D%5Cu00edaz%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%221.The%20growing%20interest%20in%20functional%20diversity%20has%20been%20accompanied%20by%20a%20proliferation%20of%20indices%20proposed%20to%20calculate%20its%20different%20components%3B%20however%2C%20empirical%20studies%20have%20been%20hampered%20by%20a%20lack%20of%20integrated%20tools%20for%20their%20easy%20calculation%20based%20on%20field%20data%20sets.%202.We%20present%20FDiversity%2C%20a%20free%2C%20user-friendly%2C%20open%20source-based%20software%20package%20for%20the%20calculation%20and%20integrated%20statistical%20analysis%20of%20most%20functional%20diversity%20indices%20and%20metrics%20published%20to%20date.%203.This%20tool%20greatly%20facilitates%20the%20analysis%20of%20functional%20diversity%20patterns%20and%20also%20the%20links%20of%20different%20dimensions%20of%20functional%20diversity%20with%20environmental%20factors%20and%20ecosystem%20properties%20and%20services.%20%5Cu00a9%202010%20The%20Authors.%20Methods%20in%20Ecology%20and%20Evolution%20%5Cu00a9%202010%20British%20Ecological%20Society.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fj.2041-210X.2010.00082.x%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222041210X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A46%3A43Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22NMKJWR7P%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Caspersen%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECaspersen%2C%20J.%20P.%2C%20Vanderwel%2C%20M.%20C.%2C%20Cole%2C%20W.%20G.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Purves%2C%20D.%20W.%20%282011%29.%20How%20stand%20productivity%20results%20from%20size-%20and%20competition-dependent%20growth%20and%20mortality.%20%3Ci%3EPLoS%20ONE%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E6%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2812%29.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0028660%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0028660%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DNMKJWR7P%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22How%20stand%20productivity%20results%20from%20size-%20and%20competition-dependent%20growth%20and%20mortality%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Caspersen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mark%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vanderwel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cole%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Drew%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Purves%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Background%3A%20A%20better%20understanding%20of%20the%20relationship%20between%20stand%20structure%20and%20productivity%20is%20required%20for%20the%20development%20of%3A%20a%29%20scalable%20models%20that%20can%20accurately%20predict%20growth%20and%20yield%20dynamics%20for%20the%20world%27s%20forests%3B%20and%20b%29%20stand%20management%20regimes%20that%20maximize%20wood%20and%5C%2For%20timber%20yield%2C%20while%20maintaining%20structural%20and%20species%20diversity.%20Methods%3A%20We%20develop%20a%20cohort-based%20canopy%20competition%20model%20%28%5C%22CAIN%5C%22%29%2C%20parameterized%20with%20inventory%20data%20from%20Ontario%2C%20Canada%2C%20to%20examine%20the%20relationship%20between%20stand%20structure%20and%20productivity.%20Tree%20growth%2C%20mortality%20and%20recruitment%20are%20quantified%20as%20functions%20of%20diameter%20and%20asymmetric%20competition%2C%20using%20a%20competition%20index%20%28CAI%20h%29%20defined%20as%20the%20total%20projected%20area%20of%20tree%20crowns%20at%20a%20given%20tree%27s%20mid-crown%20height.%20Stand%20growth%2C%20mortality%2C%20and%20yield%20are%20simulated%20for%20inventoried%20stands%2C%20and%20also%20for%20hypothetical%20stands%20differing%20in%20total%20volume%20and%20tree%20size%20distribution.%20Results%3A%20For%20a%20given%20diameter%2C%20tree%20growth%20decreases%20as%20CAI%20h%20increases%2C%20whereas%20the%20probability%20of%20mortality%20increases.%20For%20a%20given%20CAI%20h%2C%20diameter%20growth%20exhibits%20a%20humped%20pattern%20with%20respect%20to%20diameter%2C%20whereas%20mortality%20exhibits%20a%20U-shaped%20pattern%20reflecting%20senescence%20of%20large%20trees.%20For%20a%20fixed%20size%20distribution%2C%20stand%20growth%20increases%20asymptotically%20with%20total%20density%2C%20whereas%20mortality%20increases%20monotonically.%20Thus%2C%20net%20productivity%20peaks%20at%20an%20intermediate%20volume%20of%20100-150%20m%203%5C%2Fha%2C%20and%20approaches%20zero%20at%20250%20m%203%5C%2Fha.%20However%2C%20for%20a%20fixed%20stand%20volume%2C%20mortality%20due%20to%20senescence%20decreases%20if%20the%20proportion%20of%20large%20trees%20decreases%20as%20overall%20density%20increases.%20This%20size-related%20reduction%20in%20mortality%20offsets%20the%20density-related%20increase%20in%20mortality%2C%20resulting%20in%20a%2040%25%20increase%20in%20yield.%20Conclusions%3A%20Size-related%20variation%20in%20growth%20and%20mortality%20exerts%20a%20profound%20influence%20on%20the%20relationship%20between%20stand%20structure%20and%20productivity.%20Dense%20stands%20dominated%20by%20small%20trees%20yield%20more%20wood%20than%20stands%20dominated%20by%20fewer%20large%20trees%2C%20because%20the%20relative%20growth%20rate%20of%20small%20trees%20is%20higher%2C%20and%20because%20they%20are%20less%20likely%20to%20die.%20%5Cu00a9%202011%20Caspersen%20et%20al.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0028660%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2219326203%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A44%3A02Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22BTXC9H5D%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Clark%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EClark%2C%20V.%2C%20Barker%2C%20N.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Mucina%2C%20L.%20%282011%29.%20The%20Great%20Escarpment%20of%20southern%20Africa%3A%20a%20new%20frontier%20for%20biodiversity%20exploration.%20%3Ci%3EBiodiversity%20and%20Conservation%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E20%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2812%29%2C%202543%26%23×2013%3B2561.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs10531-011-0103-3%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs10531-011-0103-3%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DBTXC9H5D%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20Great%20Escarpment%20of%20southern%20Africa%3A%20a%20new%20frontier%20for%20biodiversity%20exploration%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22V%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Clark%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22N%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Barker%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mucina%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs10531-011-0103-3%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220960-3115%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs10531-011-0103-3%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A23%3A16Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22UIF396RQ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Colvin%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EColvin%2C%20C.%2C%20Burns%2C%20A.%2C%20Schatschneider%2C%20K.%2C%20Ashton%20Maherry%2C%20J.%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20de%20Wit%2C%20M.%20%282011%29.%20%3Ci%3ECoal%20and%20Water%20Futures%20in%20South%20Africa%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DUIF396RQ%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Coal%20and%20Water%20Futures%20in%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Colvin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Angus%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Burns%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Klaudia%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schatschneider%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jessica%20Charmier%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ashton%20Maherry%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22de%20Wit%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A47%3A38Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22TLBWTXVW%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Cosa%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011-03%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECosa%2C%20S.%2C%20Mabinya%2C%20L.%20V.%2C%20Olaniran%2C%20A.%20O.%2C%20Okoh%2C%20O.%20O.%2C%20Bernard%2C%20K.%2C%20Deyzel%2C%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Okoh%2C%20A.%20I.%20%282011%29.%20Bioflocculant%20Production%20by%20Virgibacillus%20sp.%20Rob%20Isolated%20from%20the%20Bottom%20Sediment%20of%20Algoa%20Bay%20in%20the%20Eastern%20Cape%2C%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EMolecules%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E16%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%202431%26%23×2013%3B2442.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3390%5C%2Fmolecules16032431%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3390%5C%2Fmolecules16032431%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DTLBWTXVW%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Bioflocculant%20Production%20by%20Virgibacillus%20sp.%20Rob%20Isolated%20from%20the%20Bottom%20Sediment%20of%20Algoa%20Bay%20in%20the%20Eastern%20Cape%2C%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sekelwa%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cosa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Leonard%20V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mabinya%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ademola%20O.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Olaniran%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Omobola%20O.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Okoh%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kim%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bernard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Shaun%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deyzel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anthony%20I.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Okoh%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22A%20bioflocculant-producing%20marine%20bacterium%20previously%20isolated%20from%20marine%20sediment%20of%20Algoa%20Bay%20was%20screened%20for%20flocculant%20production.%20Comparative%20analysis%20of%2016S%20rDNA%20sequence%20identified%20the%20isolate%20to%20have%2099%25%20similarity%20to%20Virgibacillus%20sp.%20XQ-1%20and%20it%20was%20deposited%20in%20the%20GenBank%20as%20Virgibacillus%20sp.%20Rob%20with%20accession%20number%20HQ537127.%20The%20bacterium%20produced%20biflocculants%20optimally%20in%20glucose%20%2870.4%25%29%20and%20peptone%20%2870.4%25%29%20as%20sole%20sources%20of%20carbon%20and%20nitrogen%2C%20alkaline%20pH%20%2812%29%20%2874%25%29%3B%20and%20the%20presence%20of%20Fe2%2B%20%2874%25%29.%20Chemical%20analysis%20of%20the%20bioflocculant%20revealed%20it%20to%20be%20a%20polysaccharide.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222011%5C%2F3%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.3390%5C%2Fmolecules16032431%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221420-3049%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.mdpi.com%5C%2F1420-3049%5C%2F16%5C%2F3%5C%2F2431%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2285DCE2P4%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-26T09%3A55%3A59Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22XD8YJL9C%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Crisp%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECrisp%2C%20M.%20D.%2C%20Burrows%2C%20G.%20E.%2C%20Cook%2C%20L.%20G.%2C%20Thornhill%2C%20A.%20H.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Bowman%2C%20D.%20M.%20J.%20S.%20%282011%29.%20Flammable%20biomes%20dominated%20by%20eucalypts%20originated%20at%20the%20Cretaceous-Palaeogene%20boundary.%20%3Ci%3ENature%20Communications%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E2%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20193.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DXD8YJL9C%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Flammable%20biomes%20dominated%20by%20eucalypts%20originated%20at%20the%20Cretaceous-Palaeogene%20boundary%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%20D%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Crisp%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Geoffrey%20E%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Burrows%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lyn%20G%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cook%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%20H%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thornhill%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20M%20J%20S%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bowman%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A22%3A59Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22GSC2SY8J%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Cumming%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECumming%2C%20S.%20%282011%29.%20%3Ci%3EVeld%20Condition%20Indexing%3A%20relevance%20to%20Wildlife%20Management%3F%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DGSC2SY8J%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Veld%20Condition%20Indexing%3A%20relevance%20to%20Wildlife%20Management%3F%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Shannon%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cumming%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Rangelands%20%28veld%29%20form%20part%20of%20an%20important%20renewable%20resource.%20%5Cu00b7%20Measurement%20and%20monitoring%20of%20veld%20condition%20is%20an%20important%20management%20tool.%20Management%20methods%20need%20to%20be%20centred%20on%20the%20objectives%20of%20the%20livestock%20farm%20or%20game%20reserve%20being%20managed.%20Veld%20condition%20assessments%20and%20their%20use%20in%20managing%20stocking%20rates%20are%20dependent%20on%20the%20range%20succession%20model%2C%20which%20sets%20out%20the%20concept%20of%20directional%20successional%20changes%20in%20species%20composition.%20Although%20this%20rangeland%20succession%20model%20has%20been%20widely%20criticised%20it%20is%20still%20extensively%20used%20for%20veld%20management%20in%20South%20Africa.%20Many%20variations%20of%20veld%20condition%20assessment%20methods%20have%20been%20developed%20to%20be%20used%20as%20a%20tool%20for%20making%20informed%20management%20decisions.%20The%20Ecological%20Index%20Method%20was%20the%20focus%20of%20this%20study.%20The%20general%20expectation%20of%20the%20relationship%20between%20veld%20condition%20and%20animal%20biomass%20is%20that%20the%20greatest%20biomass%20should%20be%20in%20areas%20of%20high%20veld%20condition.%20Soil%20condition%20and%20habitat%20structure%20were%20also%20explored%20in%20terms%20of%20their%20relationship%20With%20the%20veld%20condition%20index.%20Animal%20biomass%20was%20found%20to%20decrease%20slightly%20with%20increasing%20veld%20condition%20index%20scores.%20There%20was%20little%20to%20no%20relationship%20between%20VCI%20and%20species%20diversity%20and%20evenness.%20Herbivore%20species%20displayed%20a%20range%20of%20habitat%20preferences%20in%20terms%20of%20VCI%20scores%2C%20grass%20height%20and%20tree%20basal%20area.%20This%20indicated%20that%20habitat%20choices%20may%20not%20have%20only%20been%20influenced%20by%20forage%20quality%20but%20also%20by%20ability%20to%20graze%20different%20grass%20heights%2C%20based%20on%20jaw%20morphology%2C%20and%20the%20risk%20of%20predation.%20The%20relationship%20between%20VCI%20and%20veld%20condition%20variables%20was%20found%20to%20be%20triangular%20due%20to%20the%20method%20of%20calculation%20causing%20the%20VCI%20to%20fold%20back%20on%20itself.%20This%20complicates%20interpretation%20of%20results.%20The%20results%20of%20this%20study%20suggest%20that%20either%20the%20interpretation%20of%20the%20index%20needs%20to%20be%20reconsidered%20for%20a%20game%20reserve%20context%20or%20a%20new%20method%20needs%20to%20be%20developed.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A09%3A08Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22S7AR53MU%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Dai%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDai%2C%20A.%20%282011%29.%20Drought%20under%20global%20warming%3A%20A%20review.%20%3Ci%3EWiley%20Interdisciplinary%20Reviews%3A%20Climate%20Change%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E2%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%2045%26%23×2013%3B65.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fwcc.81%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fwcc.81%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DS7AR53MU%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Drought%20under%20global%20warming%3A%20A%20review%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Aiguo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dai%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract%20This%20article%20reviews%20recent%20literature%20on%20drought%20of%20the%20last%20millennium%2C%20followed%20by%20an%20update%20on%20global%20aridity%20changes%20from%201950%20to%202008.%20Projected%20future%20aridity%20is%20presented%20based%20on%20recent%20studies%20and%20our%20analysis%20of%20model%20simulations.%20Dry%20periods%20lasting%20for%20years%20to%20decades%20have%20occurred%20many%20times%20during%20the%20last%20millennium%20over%2C%20for%20example%2C%20North%20America%2C%20West%20Africa%2C%20and%20East%20Asia.%20These%20droughts%20were%20likely%20triggered%20by%20anomalous%20tropical%20sea%20surface%20temperatures%20%28SSTs%29%2C%20with%20La%20Ni%5Cu00f1a-like%20SST%20anomalies%20leading%20to%20drought%20in%20North%20America%2C%20and%20El-Ni%5Cu00f1o-like%20SSTs%20causing%20drought%20in%20East%20China.%20Over%20Africa%2C%20the%20southward%20shift%20of%20the%20warmest%20SSTs%20in%20the%20Atlantic%20and%20warming%20in%20the%20Indian%20Ocean%20are%20responsible%20for%20the%20recent%20Sahel%20droughts.%20Local%20feedbacks%20may%20enhance%20and%20prolong%20drought.%20Global%20aridity%20has%20increased%20substantially%20since%20the%201970s%20due%20to%20recent%20drying%20over%20Africa%2C%20southern%20Europe%2C%20East%20and%20South%20Asia%2C%20and%20eastern%20Australia.%20Although%20El%20Ni%5Cu00f1o-Southern%20Oscillation%20%28ENSO%29%2C%20tropical%20Atlantic%20SSTs%2C%20and%20Asian%20monsoons%20have%20played%20a%20large%20role%20in%20the%20recent%20drying%2C%20recent%20warming%20has%20increased%20atmospheric%20moisture%20demand%20and%20likely%20altered%20atmospheric%20circulation%20patterns%2C%20both%20contributing%20to%20the%20drying.%20Climate%20models%20project%20increased%20aridity%20in%20the%2021st%20century%20over%20most%20of%20Africa%2C%20southern%20Europe%20and%20the%20Middle%20East%2C%20most%20of%20the%20Americas%2C%20Australia%2C%20and%20Southeast%20Asia.%20Regions%20like%20the%20United%20States%20have%20avoided%20prolonged%20droughts%20during%20the%20last%2050%20years%20due%20to%20natural%20climate%20variations%2C%20but%20might%20see%20persistent%20droughts%20in%20the%20next%2020%5Cu201350%20years.%20Future%20efforts%20to%20predict%20drought%20will%20depend%20on%20models%27%20ability%20to%20predict%20tropical%20SSTs.%20WIREs%20Clim%20Change%202010%20DOI%3A%2010.1002%5C%2Fwcc.81%20For%20further%20resources%20related%20to%20this%20article%2C%20please%20visit%20the%20WIREs%20website%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2Fwcc.81%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2217577799%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A14%3A17Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%228RX3ZERC%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Dakos%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDakos%2C%20V.%2C%20K%26%23xE9%3Bfi%2C%20S.%2C%20Rietkerk%2C%20M.%2C%20van%20Nes%2C%20E.%20H.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Scheffer%2C%20M.%20%282011%29.%20Slowing%20down%20in%20spatially%20patterned%20ecosystems%20at%20the%20brink%20of%20collapse%20vasilis.%20%3Ci%3EAmerican%20Naturalist%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E177%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%286%29.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1086%5C%2F659945%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1086%5C%2F659945%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D8RX3ZERC%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Slowing%20down%20in%20spatially%20patterned%20ecosystems%20at%20the%20brink%20of%20collapse%20vasilis%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Vasilis%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dakos%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sonia%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22K%5Cu00e9fi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Max%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rietkerk%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Egbert%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22van%20Nes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marten%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Scheffer%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Predicting%20the%20risk%20of%20critical%20transitions%2C%20such%20as%20the%20collapse%20of%20a%20population%2C%20is%20important%20in%20order%20to%20direct%20management%20efforts.%20In%20any%20system%20that%20is%20close%20to%20a%20critical%20transition%2C%20recovery%20upon%20small%20perturbations%20becomes%20slow%2C%20a%20phenomenon%20known%20as%20critical%20slowing%20down.%20It%20has%20been%20suggested%20that%20such%20slowing%20down%20may%20be%20detected%20indirectly%20through%20an%20increase%20in%20spatial%20and%20temporal%20correlation%20and%20variance.%20Here%2C%20we%20tested%20this%20idea%20in%20arid%20ecosystems%2C%20where%20vegetation%20may%20collapse%20to%20desert%20as%20a%20result%20of%20increasing%20water%20limitation.%20We%20used%20three%20models%20that%20describe%20desertification%20but%20differ%20in%20the%20spatial%20vegetation%20patterns%20they%20produce.%20In%20all%20models%2C%20recovery%20rate%20upon%20perturbation%20decreased%20before%20vegetation%20collapsed.%20However%2C%20in%20one%20of%20the%20models%2C%20slowing%20down%20failed%20to%20translate%20into%20rising%20variance%20and%20correlation.%20This%20is%20caused%20by%20the%20regular%20self-organized%20vegetation%20patterns%20produced%20by%20this%20model.%20This%20finding%20implies%20an%20important%20limitation%20of%20variance%20and%20correlation%20as%20indicators%20of%20critical%20transitions.%20However%2C%20changes%20in%20such%20self-organized%20patterns%20themselves%20are%20a%20reliable%20indicator%20of%20an%20upcoming%20transition.%20Our%20results%20illustrate%20that%20while%20critical%20slowing%20down%20may%20be%20a%20universal%20phenomenon%20at%20critical%20transitions%2C%20its%20detection%20through%20indirect%20indicators%20may%20have%20limitations%20in%20particular%20systems.%20%5Cu00a9%202011%20by%20The%20University%20of%20Chicago.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1086%5C%2F659945%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2200030147%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A46%3A28Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22EQR9ZXCY%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Davis%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDavis%2C%20A.%20L.%20V.%2C%20Scholtz%2C%20C.%20H.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Swemmer%2C%20A.%20M.%20%282011%29.%20Effects%20of%20land%20usage%20on%20dung%20beetle%20assemblage%20structure%3A%20Kruger%20National%20Park%20versus%20adjacent%20farmland%20in%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Insect%20Conservation%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs10841-011-9426-3%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs10841-011-9426-3%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DEQR9ZXCY%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Effects%20of%20land%20usage%20on%20dung%20beetle%20assemblage%20structure%3A%20Kruger%20National%20Park%20versus%20adjacent%20farmland%20in%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adrian%20L%20V%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Davis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C%20H%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Scholtz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A%20M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Swemmer%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs10841-011-9426-3%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A22%3A51Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%225ZIJB97G%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22De%20Knegt%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDe%20Knegt%2C%20H.%20J.%2C%20Van%20Langevelde%2C%20F.%2C%20Skidmore%2C%20A.%20K.%2C%20Delsink%2C%20A.%2C%20Slotow%2C%20R.%2C%20Henley%2C%20S.%2C%20Bucini%2C%20G.%2C%20De%20Boer%2C%20W.%20F.%2C%20Coughenour%2C%20M.%20B.%2C%20Grant%2C%20C.%20C.%2C%20Heitk%26%23xF6%3Bnig%2C%20I.%20M.%20A.%2C%20Henley%2C%20M.%2C%20Knox%2C%20N.%20M.%2C%20Kohi%2C%20E.%20M.%2C%20Mwakiwa%2C%20E.%2C%20Page%2C%20B.%20R.%2C%20Peel%2C%20M.%2C%20Pretorius%2C%20Y.%2C%20Van%20Wieren%2C%20S.%20E.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Prins%2C%20H.%20H.%20T.%20%282011%29.%20The%20spatial%20scaling%20of%20habitat%20selection%20by%20African%20elephants.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Animal%20Ecology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E80%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%20270%26%23×2013%3B281.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1365-2656.2010.01764.x%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1365-2656.2010.01764.x%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D5ZIJB97G%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20spatial%20scaling%20of%20habitat%20selection%20by%20African%20elephants%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Henrik%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22De%20Knegt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Frank%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Van%20Langevelde%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Skidmore%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Audrey%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Delsink%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rob%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Slotow%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Steve%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Henley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gabriela%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bucini%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Willem%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22De%20Boer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Coughenour%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cornelia%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Grant%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ignas%20M.A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Heitk%5Cu00f6nig%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michelle%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Henley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicky%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Knox%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Edward%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kohi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Emmanuel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mwakiwa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bruce%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Page%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mike%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Peel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yolanda%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pretorius%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sipke%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Van%20Wieren%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Herbert%20H.T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Prins%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Understanding%20and%20accurately%20predicting%20the%20spatial%20patterns%20of%20habitat%20use%20by%20organisms%20is%20important%20for%20ecological%20research%2C%20biodiversity%20conservation%20and%20ecosystem%20management.%20However%2C%20this%20understanding%20is%20complicated%20by%20the%20effects%20of%20spatial%20scale%2C%20because%20the%20scale%20of%20analysis%20affects%20the%20quantification%20of%20species-environment%20relationships.%20We%20therefore%20assessed%20the%20influence%20of%20environmental%20context%20%28i.e.%20the%20characteristics%20of%20the%20landscape%20surrounding%20a%20site%29%2C%20varied%20over%20a%20large%20range%20of%20scales%20%28i.e.%20ambit%20radii%20around%20focal%20sites%29%2C%20on%20the%20analysis%20and%20prediction%20of%20habitat%20selection%20by%20African%20elephants%20in%20Kruger%20National%20Park%2C%20South%20Africa.%20We%20focused%20on%20the%20spatial%20scaling%20of%20the%20elephants%27%20response%20to%20their%20main%20resources%2C%20forage%20and%20water%2C%20and%20found%20that%20the%20quantification%20of%20habitat%20selection%20strongly%20depended%20on%20the%20scales%20at%20which%20environmental%20context%20was%20considered.%20Moreover%2C%20the%20inclusion%20of%20environmental%20context%20at%20characteristic%20scales%20%28i.e.%20those%20at%20which%20habitat%20selectivity%20was%20maximized%29%20increased%20the%20predictive%20capacity%20of%20habitat%20suitability%20models.%20The%20elephants%20responded%20to%20their%20environment%20in%20a%20scale-dependent%20and%20perhaps%20hierarchical%20manner%2C%20with%20forage%20characteristics%20driving%20habitat%20selection%20at%20coarse%20spatial%20scales%2C%20and%20surface%20water%20at%20fine%20spatial%20scales.%20Furthermore%2C%20the%20elephants%20exhibited%20sexual%20habitat%20segregation%2C%20mainly%20in%20relation%20to%20vegetation%20characteristics.%20Male%20elephants%20preferred%20areas%20with%20high%20tree%20cover%20and%20low%20herbaceous%20biomass%2C%20whereas%20this%20pattern%20was%20reversed%20for%20female%20elephants.%20We%20show%20that%20the%20spatial%20distribution%20of%20elephants%20can%20be%20better%20understood%20and%20predicted%20when%20scale-dependent%20species-environment%20relationships%20are%20explicitly%20considered.%20This%20demonstrates%20the%20importance%20of%20considering%20the%20influence%20of%20spatial%20scale%20on%20the%20analysis%20of%20spatial%20patterning%20in%20ecological%20phenomena.%20%5Cu00a9%202010%20The%20Authors.%20Journal%20compilation%20%5Cu00a9%202010%20British%20Ecological%20Society.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fj.1365-2656.2010.01764.x%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2200218790%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A00%3A34Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22CANPCM3W%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22De%20Wit%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDe%20Wit%2C%20M.%20J.%20%282011%29.%20The%20great%20shale%20debate%20in%20the%20Karoo.%20%3Ci%3ESouth%20African%20Journal%20of%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E107%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%287%26%23×2013%3B8%29%2C%201%26%23×2013%3B9.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.4102%5C%2Fsajs.v107i7%5C%2F8.791%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.4102%5C%2Fsajs.v107i7%5C%2F8.791%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DCANPCM3W%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20great%20shale%20debate%20in%20the%20Karoo%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Maarten%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22De%20Wit%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.4102%5C%2Fsajs.v107i7%5C%2F8.791%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2219967489%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A49%3A57Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22PBJEKSDT%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Division%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDivision%2C%20G.%20D.%2C%20Resources%2C%20N.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Collins%2C%20F.%20%282011%29.%20Biogeochemical%20Changes%20Accompanying%20Woody%20Plant.%20%3Ci%3EAmerica%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E82%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%287%29%2C%201999%26%23×2013%3B2011.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DPBJEKSDT%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Biogeochemical%20Changes%20Accompanying%20Woody%20Plant%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Global%20Dynamics%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Division%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Natural%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Resources%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fort%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Collins%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Ecosystem%20properties%20of%20surficial%20%280-10%20cm%29%20soils%20in%20remnant%20herbaceous%20patches%20were%20compared%20to%20those%20of%20contrasting%20woody%20plant%20patch%20types%20%28upland%20discrete%20cluster%2C%20upland%20grove%2C%20and%20lowland%20woodland%29%20where%20shifting%20land%20cover%20is%20known%20to%20have%20occurred%20over%20the%20past%2050-77%20yr.%20The%20purpose%20of%20this%20study%20was%20to%20evaluate%20and%20quantify%20the%20biogeochemical%20consequences%20and%20subsequent%20developmental%20rates%20of%20woody%20plant%20formation%20on%20sites%20formerly%20dominated%20by%20grasses.%20Clay%20and%20water%20content%20of%20woodland%20soil%20patches%20was%20higher%20than%20that%20of%20soils%20associated%20with%20upland%20discrete%20cluster%20and%20grove%20patches.%20Even%20so%2C%20lowland%20woody%20patches%20were%20generally%20comparable%20to%20upland%20grove%20and%20discrete%20shrub%20cluster%20patches%20with%20respect%20to%20soil%20organic%20carbon%20%28SOC%29%2C%20soil%20N%2C%20the%20ratio%20of%20annual%20N%20mineralization%3Atotal%20N%2C%20annual%20litterfall%2C%20and%20root%20biomass.%20The%20fact%20that%20finer%20soil%20texture%2C%20enhanced%20soil%20moisture%2C%20and%20the%20more%20advanced%20age%20of%20lowland%20woody%20patches%20did%20not%20translate%20into%20greater%20accumulations%20of%20SOC%20and%20N%20relative%20to%20upland%20grove%20and%20discrete%20cluster%20patches%20suggests%20that%20C%20and%20N%20losses%20might%20be%20higher%20in%20recently%20developed%20lowland%20woodland%20communities.%20Fluctuations%20in%20monthly%20root%20biomass%20standing%20crop%20%280-10%20cm%29%20far%20exceeded%20annual%20foliar%20litterfall%20in%20upland%20and%20lowland%20woody%20patch%20types%2C%20suggesting%20that%20belowground%20inputs%20of%20organic%20matter%20may%20drive%20changes%20in%20soil%20physical%20and%20chemical%20properties%20that%20occur%20subsequent%20to%20woody%20plant%20establishment.%20The%20estimated%20annual%20mean%20rates%20of%20soil%20C%20accretion%20in%20the%20%5C%22islands%20of%20fertility%5C%22%20that%20developed%20subsequent%20to%20tree%5C%2Fshrub%20encroachment%20were%20variable%20and%20ranged%20from%208%20to%2023%20g%5C%2Fm%202%20%28in%20groves%20and%20discrete%20clusters%2C%20respectively%29%3B%20N%20accretion%20ranged%20from%200.9%20to%202.0%20g%5C%2F%20m%202%20%28in%20groves%20and%20discrete%20clusters%2C%20respectively%29%2C%20even%20though%20mean%20annual%20N%20mineralization%20rates%20were%20three-%20to%20fivefold%20greater%20than%20those%20measured%20in%20remnant%20herbaceous%20patches.%20Woody%20plant%20proliferation%20in%20grasslands%20and%20savannas%20in%20recent%20history%20has%20been%20widely%20reported%20around%20the%20world.%20The%20causes%20for%20this%20shift%20in%20vegetation%20are%20controversial%20and%20center%20around%20changes%20in%20livestock%20grazing%2C%20fire%2C%20climate%2C%20and%20atmospheric%20CO2.%20Our%20data%2C%20which%20are%20conservative%20in%20that%20they%20examine%20only%20the%20upper%2010%20cm%20of%20the%20soil%20profile%2C%20indicate%20that%20the%20rate%20and%20extent%20of%20soil%20C%20and%20N%20accumulation%20associated%20with%20this%20phenomenon%20can%20be%20rapid%2C%20substantial%2C%20and%20accompanied%20by%20increased%20N%20turnover.%20This%20geographically%20extensive%20vegetation%20change%20thus%20has%20important%20implications%20for%20understanding%20how%20the%20global%20carbon%20and%20nitrogen%20cycles%20may%20have%20been%20altered%20since%20Anglo-European%20settlement%20of%20arid%20and%20semiarid%20regions.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A46%3A03Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22FH93RQKM%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Du%20Preez%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDu%20Preez%2C%20C.%20C.%2C%20Van%20Huyssteen%2C%20C.%20W.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Mnkeni%2C%20P.%20N.%20S.%20%282011%29.%20Land%20use%20and%20soil%20organic%20matter%20in%20South%20Africa%201%3A%20A%20review%20on%20spatial%20variability%20and%20the%20influence%20of%20rangeland%20stock%20production.%20%3Ci%3ESouth%20African%20Journal%20of%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E107%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%285%5C%2F6%29%2C%201%26%23×2013%3B8.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.4102%5C%2Fsajs.v107i5%5C%2F6.354%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.4102%5C%2Fsajs.v107i5%5C%2F6.354%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DFH93RQKM%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Land%20use%20and%20soil%20organic%20matter%20in%20South%20Africa%201%3A%20A%20review%20on%20spatial%20variability%20and%20the%20influence%20of%20rangeland%20stock%20production%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chris%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Du%20Preez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cornie%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Van%20Huyssteen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pearson%20N.S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mnkeni%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Degradation%20of%20soil%20as%20a%20consequence%20of%20land%20use%20poses%20a%20threat%20to%20sustainable%20agriculture%20in%20South%20Africa%2C%20resulting%20in%20the%20need%20for%20a%20soil%20protection%20strategy%20and%20policy.%20Development%20of%20such%20a%20strategy%20and%20policy%20require%20cognisance%20of%20the%20extent%20and%20impact%20of%20soil%20degradation%20processes.%20One%20of%20the%20identified%20processes%20is%20the%20decline%20of%20soil%20organic%20matter%2C%20which%20also%20plays%20a%20central%20role%20in%20soil%20health%20or%20quality.%20The%20spatial%20variability%20of%20organic%20matter%20and%20the%20impact%20of%20grazing%20and%20burning%20under%20rangeland%20stock%20production%20are%20addressed%20in%20this%20first%20part%20of%20the%20review.%20Data%20from%20uncoordinated%20studies%20showed%20that%20South%20African%20soils%20have%20low%20organic%20matter%20levels.%20About%2058%25%20of%20soils%20contain%20less%20than%200.5%25%20organic%20carbon%20and%20only%204%25%20contain%20more%20than%202%25%20organic%20carbon.%20Furthermore%2C%20there%20are%20large%20differences%20in%20organic%20matter%20content%20within%20and%20between%20soil%20forms%2C%20depending%20on%20climatic%20conditions%2C%20vegetative%20cover%2C%20topographical%20position%20and%20soil%20texture.%20A%20countrywide%20baseline%20study%20to%20quantify%20organic%20matter%20contents%20within%20and%20between%20soil%20forms%20is%20suggested%20for%20future%20reference.%20Degradation%20of%20rangeland%20because%20of%20overgrazing%20has%20resulted%20in%20significant%20losses%20of%20soil%20organic%20matter%2C%20mainly%20as%20a%20result%20of%20lower%20biomass%20production.%20The%20use%20of%20fire%20in%20rangeland%20management%20decreases%20soil%20organic%20matter%20because%20litter%20is%20destroyed%20by%20burning.%20Maintaining%20or%20increasing%20organic%20matter%20levels%20in%20degraded%20rangeland%20soils%20by%20preventing%20overgrazing%20and%20restricting%20burning%20could%20contribute%20to%20the%20restoration%20of%20degraded%20rangelands.%20This%20restoration%20is%20of%20the%20utmost%20importance%20because%20stock%20farming%20uses%20the%20majority%20of%20land%20in%20South%20Africa.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.4102%5C%2Fsajs.v107i5%5C%2F6.354%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220038-2353%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A47%3A20Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%224ULEJ5QG%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ecology%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EEcology%2C%20C.%20%282011%29.%20%3Ci%3ERestoration%20of%20Coastal%20Dune%20Forests%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ci%3EApril%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D4ULEJ5QG%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Restoration%20of%20Coastal%20Dune%20Forests%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Conservation%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ecology%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A58%3A10Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22NU5RC4PJ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Eldridge%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EEldridge%2C%20D.%20J.%2C%20Bowker%2C%20M.%20A.%2C%20Maestre%2C%20F.%20T.%2C%20Roger%2C%20E.%2C%20Reynolds%2C%20J.%20F.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Whitford%2C%20W.%20G.%20%282011%29.%20Impacts%20of%20shrub%20encroachment%20on%20ecosystem%20structure%20and%20functioning%3A%20Towards%20a%20global%20synthesis.%20%3Ci%3EEcology%20Letters%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E14%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%287%29%2C%20709%26%23×2013%3B722.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1461-0248.2011.01630.x%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1461-0248.2011.01630.x%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DNU5RC4PJ%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Impacts%20of%20shrub%20encroachment%20on%20ecosystem%20structure%20and%20functioning%3A%20Towards%20a%20global%20synthesis%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Eldridge%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Matthew%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bowker%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fernando%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maestre%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Erin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22James%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Reynolds%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Walter%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Whitford%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Encroachment%20of%20woody%20plants%20into%20grasslands%20has%20generated%20considerable%20interest%20among%20ecologists.%20Syntheses%20of%20encroachment%20effects%20on%20ecosystem%20processes%20have%20been%20limited%20in%20extent%20and%20confined%20largely%20to%20pastoral%20land%20uses%20or%20particular%20geographical%20regions.%20We%20used%20univariate%20analyses%2C%20meta-analysis%20and%20structural%20equation%20modelling%20to%20test%20the%20propositions%20that%20%281%29%20shrub%20encroachment%20does%20not%20necessarily%20lead%20to%20declines%20in%20ecosystem%20functions%20and%20%282%29%20shrub%20traits%20influence%20the%20functional%20outcome%20of%20encroachment.%20Analyses%20of%2043%20ecosystem%20attributes%20from%20244%20case%20studies%20worldwide%20showed%20that%20some%20attributes%20consistently%20increased%20with%20encroachment%20%28e.g.%20soil%20C%2C%20N%29%2C%20and%20others%20declined%20%28e.g.%20grass%20cover%2C%20pH%29%2C%20but%20most%20exhibited%20variable%20responses.%20Traits%20of%20shrubs%20were%20associated%20with%20significant%2C%20though%20weak%2C%20structural%20and%20functional%20outcomes%20of%20encroachment.%20Our%20review%20revealed%20that%20encroachment%20had%20mixed%20effects%20on%20ecosystem%20structure%20and%20functioning%20at%20global%20scales%2C%20and%20that%20shrub%20traits%20influence%20the%20functional%20outcome%20of%20encroachment.%20Thus%2C%20a%20simple%20designation%20of%20encroachment%20as%20a%20process%20leading%20to%20functionally%2C%20structurally%20or%20contextually%20degraded%20ecosystems%20is%20not%20supported%20by%20a%20critical%20analysis%20of%20existing%20literature.%20Our%20results%20highlight%20that%20the%20commonly%20established%20link%20between%20shrub%20encroachment%20and%20degradation%20is%20not%20universal.%20%5Cu00a9%202011%20Blackwell%20Publishing%20Ltd%5C%2FCNRS%20and%20State%20Government%20of%20NSW.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fj.1461-0248.2011.01630.x%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221461023X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A43%3A34Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22LD9JD7QR%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Eldridge%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EEldridge%2C%20D.%20J.%2C%20Bowker%2C%20M.%20A.%2C%20Maestre%2C%20F.%20T.%2C%20Roger%2C%20E.%2C%20Reynolds%2C%20J.%20F.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Whitford%2C%20W.%20G.%20%282011%29.%20Impacts%20of%20shrub%20encroachment%20on%20ecosystem%20structure%20and%20functioning%3A%20Towards%20a%20global%20synthesis.%20%3Ci%3EEcology%20Letters%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E14%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%287%29%2C%20709%26%23×2013%3B722.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1461-0248.2011.01630.x%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1461-0248.2011.01630.x%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DLD9JD7QR%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Impacts%20of%20shrub%20encroachment%20on%20ecosystem%20structure%20and%20functioning%3A%20Towards%20a%20global%20synthesis%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Eldridge%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Matthew%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bowker%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fernando%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maestre%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Erin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22James%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Reynolds%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Walter%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Whitford%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Encroachment%20of%20woody%20plants%20into%20grasslands%20has%20generated%20considerable%20interest%20among%20ecologists.%20Syntheses%20of%20encroachment%20effects%20on%20ecosystem%20processes%20have%20been%20limited%20in%20extent%20and%20confined%20largely%20to%20pastoral%20land%20uses%20or%20particular%20geographical%20regions.%20We%20used%20univariate%20analyses%2C%20meta-analysis%20and%20structural%20equation%20modelling%20to%20test%20the%20propositions%20that%20%281%29%20shrub%20encroachment%20does%20not%20necessarily%20lead%20to%20declines%20in%20ecosystem%20functions%20and%20%282%29%20shrub%20traits%20influence%20the%20functional%20outcome%20of%20encroachment.%20Analyses%20of%2043%20ecosystem%20attributes%20from%20244%20case%20studies%20worldwide%20showed%20that%20some%20attributes%20consistently%20increased%20with%20encroachment%20%28e.g.%20soil%20C%2C%20N%29%2C%20and%20others%20declined%20%28e.g.%20grass%20cover%2C%20pH%29%2C%20but%20most%20exhibited%20variable%20responses.%20Traits%20of%20shrubs%20were%20associated%20with%20significant%2C%20though%20weak%2C%20structural%20and%20functional%20outcomes%20of%20encroachment.%20Our%20review%20revealed%20that%20encroachment%20had%20mixed%20effects%20on%20ecosystem%20structure%20and%20functioning%20at%20global%20scales%2C%20and%20that%20shrub%20traits%20influence%20the%20functional%20outcome%20of%20encroachment.%20Thus%2C%20a%20simple%20designation%20of%20encroachment%20as%20a%20process%20leading%20to%20functionally%2C%20structurally%20or%20contextually%20degraded%20ecosystems%20is%20not%20supported%20by%20a%20critical%20analysis%20of%20existing%20literature.%20Our%20results%20highlight%20that%20the%20commonly%20established%20link%20between%20shrub%20encroachment%20and%20degradation%20is%20not%20universal.%20%5Cu00a9%202011%20Blackwell%20Publishing%20Ltd%5C%2FCNRS%20and%20State%20Government%20of%20NSW.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fj.1461-0248.2011.01630.x%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221461023X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A46%3A12Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%222DA9QEI5%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Eldridge%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EEldridge%2C%20D.%20J.%2C%20Bowker%2C%20M.%20A.%2C%20Maestre%2C%20F.%20T.%2C%20Roger%2C%20E.%2C%20Reynolds%2C%20J.%20F.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Whitford%2C%20W.%20G.%20%282011%29.%20Impacts%20of%20shrub%20encroachment%20on%20ecosystem%20structure%20and%20functioning%3A%20Towards%20a%20global%20synthesis.%20%3Ci%3EEcology%20Letters%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E14%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%287%29%2C%20709%26%23×2013%3B722.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1461-0248.2011.01630.x%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1461-0248.2011.01630.x%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D2DA9QEI5%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Impacts%20of%20shrub%20encroachment%20on%20ecosystem%20structure%20and%20functioning%3A%20Towards%20a%20global%20synthesis%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Eldridge%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Matthew%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bowker%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fernando%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maestre%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Erin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22James%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Reynolds%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Walter%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Whitford%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Encroachment%20of%20woody%20plants%20into%20grasslands%20has%20generated%20considerable%20interest%20among%20ecologists.%20Syntheses%20of%20encroachment%20effects%20on%20ecosystem%20processes%20have%20been%20limited%20in%20extent%20and%20confined%20largely%20to%20pastoral%20land%20uses%20or%20particular%20geographical%20regions.%20We%20used%20univariate%20analyses%2C%20meta-analysis%20and%20structural%20equation%20modelling%20to%20test%20the%20propositions%20that%20%281%29%20shrub%20encroachment%20does%20not%20necessarily%20lead%20to%20declines%20in%20ecosystem%20functions%20and%20%282%29%20shrub%20traits%20influence%20the%20functional%20outcome%20of%20encroachment.%20Analyses%20of%2043%20ecosystem%20attributes%20from%20244%20case%20studies%20worldwide%20showed%20that%20some%20attributes%20consistently%20increased%20with%20encroachment%20%28e.g.%20soil%20C%2C%20N%29%2C%20and%20others%20declined%20%28e.g.%20grass%20cover%2C%20pH%29%2C%20but%20most%20exhibited%20variable%20responses.%20Traits%20of%20shrubs%20were%20associated%20with%20significant%2C%20though%20weak%2C%20structural%20and%20functional%20outcomes%20of%20encroachment.%20Our%20review%20revealed%20that%20encroachment%20had%20mixed%20effects%20on%20ecosystem%20structure%20and%20functioning%20at%20global%20scales%2C%20and%20that%20shrub%20traits%20influence%20the%20functional%20outcome%20of%20encroachment.%20Thus%2C%20a%20simple%20designation%20of%20encroachment%20as%20a%20process%20leading%20to%20functionally%2C%20structurally%20or%20contextually%20degraded%20ecosystems%20is%20not%20supported%20by%20a%20critical%20analysis%20of%20existing%20literature.%20Our%20results%20highlight%20that%20the%20commonly%20established%20link%20between%20shrub%20encroachment%20and%20degradation%20is%20not%20universal.%20%5Cu00a9%202011%20Blackwell%20Publishing%20Ltd%5C%2FCNRS%20and%20State%20Government%20of%20NSW.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fj.1461-0248.2011.01630.x%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221461023X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A01%3A44Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22IRKCXBL5%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Everson%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EEverson%2C%20C.%20S.%2C%20Dye%2C%20P.%20J.%2C%20Gush%2C%20M.%20B.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Everson%2C%20T.%20M.%20%282011%29.%20Water%20use%20of%20grasslands%2C%20agroforestry%20systems%20and%20indigenous%20forests.%20%3Ci%3EWater%20SA%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E37%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%285%29%2C%20781%26%23×2013%3B788.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.4314%5C%2Fwsa.v37i5.15%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.4314%5C%2Fwsa.v37i5.15%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DIRKCXBL5%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Water%20use%20of%20grasslands%2C%20agroforestry%20systems%20and%20indigenous%20forests%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Everson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dye%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gush%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Everson%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20biotic%20and%20abiotic%20components%20of%20ecosystems%20affect%20each%20other%20through%20complex%20interactions%20and%20processes.%20These%20dynamic%20interactions%20give%20ecosystems%20their%20distinct%20identities%20and%20provide%20ecosystem%20services%20critical%20to%20human%20survival%20%28e.g.%20water%2C%20energy%20and%20nutrients%29.%20However%2C%20human%20activities%20%28e.g.%20commercial%20forestry%2C%20agriculture%29%20have%20placed%20increasing%20demands%20on%20specific%20ecosystem%20services.%20The%20effect%20of%20these%20activities%20on%20ecosystem%20processes%20has%20been%20the%20focus%20of%20numerous%20Water%20Research%20Commission%20%28WRC%29%20studies.%20Some%20of%20these%20have%20determined%20man%27s%20impact%20on%20plant-water%20use%2C%20biomass%20production%20%28energy%29%20and%20water%20use%20efficiency%20%28biomass%20produced%20per%20unit%20of%20water%20transpired%2C%20termed%20productive%20green-water%20use%29.%20For%20example%2C%20measurements%20of%20evapotranspiration%20%28ETa%29%20from%20different%20vegetation%20types%20showed%20that%20annual%20water%20use%20is%20strongly%20related%20to%20the%20proportion%20of%20the%20year%20in%20which%20a%20dense%20canopy%20of%20transpiring%20leaves%20is%20maintained.%20Thus%2C%20evergreen%20vegetation%20such%20as%20riparian%20fynbos%20and%20plantations%20of%20introduced%20tree%20species%20exhibit%20a%20relatively%20high%20annual%20ETa%2C%20when%20compared%20to%20seasonal%20grasslands%20and%20deciduous%20trees%20that%20only%20maintain%20their%20transpiring%20canopy%20during%20summer.%20Quantification%20of%20the%20annual%20volumes%20of%20water%20used%20by%20these%20different%20vegetation%20types%2C%20under%20differing%20climatic%20and%20site%20conditions%2C%20has%20been%20possible%20through%20these%20studies.%20At%20a%20stand%20scale%2C%20measurements%20of%20the%20different%20components%20of%20evapotranspiration%20have%20allowed%20the%20partitioning%20of%20beneficial%20%28transpiration%29%20and%20non-beneficial%20%28evaporation%29%20fluxes.%20At%20a%20catchment%20scale%20measurements%20have%20quantified%20the%20proportional%20allocation%20of%20water%20to%20the%20different%20components%20of%20the%20water%20balance.%20Three%20case%20studies%20are%20presented%20to%20illustrate%20this.%20In%20a%20stand%20of%20Jatropha%20curcas%2C%20measurements%20of%20daily%20total%20evaporation%20rates%20during%20December%20to%20February%20%28summer%29%20on%20clear%20hot%20days%20ranged%20between%203%20mm%5Cu00b7d-1%20to%204%20mm%5Cu00b7d-1.%20However%2C%20due%20to%20the%20deciduous%20nature%20of%20the%20species%2C%20water%20use%20was%20negligible%20%28%5C%5Ctextless%201%20mm%5Cu00b7d-1%29%20during%20winter%20%28May%20to%20August%29.%20At%20a%20catchment%20scale%2C%20studies%20in%20a%20montane%20grassland%20ecosystem%20of%20the%20KwaZulu-Natal%20Drakensberg%20showed%20that%20the%20partitioning%20of%20the%20main%20hydrological%20fluxes%20into%20streamflow%20and%20evaporation%20was%20dependent%20on%20the%20wetness%20of%20the%20hydrological%20year.%20In%20average%20to%20wet%20years%20%28%5C%5Ctextgreater1%20200%20mm%20precipitation%29%20the%20hydrological%20flux%20was%20equally%20split%20between%20evaporation%20%28650%20mm%29%20and%20runoff%20%28550%20mm%29%2C%20while%20in%20drier%20years%20evaporation%20became%20the%20dominating%20component%20of%20the%20water%20balance%20%28752%20mm%20vs.%20356%20mm%2C%20respectively%29.%20The%20data%20provided%20an%20important%20baseline%20for%20comparison%20with%20other%20impacted%20ecosystems%20%28especially%20commercial%20forestry%29.%20Finally%2C%20results%20of%20a%20variety%20of%20studies%20on%20the%20growth%20and%20water%20use%20of%20indigenous%20trees%20growing%20in%20natural%20forest%20and%20plantation%20systems%20suggest%20that%2C%20compared%20to%20introduced%20tree%20species%2C%20indigenous%20species%20use%20substantially%20less%20water%2C%20show%20lower%20water%20use%20efficiency%2C%20and%20grow%20more%20slowly.%20Advantages%20to%20such%20indigenous%20systems%20potentially%20include%20lower%20management%20costs%2C%20higher%20product%20values%2C%20a%20wider%20range%20of%20non-wood%20products%20and%20a%20lower%20hydrological%20impact.%20Their%20usefulness%20may%20be%20greatest%20on%20sensitive%20sites%20%28e.g.%20riparian%20zones%2C%20water-stressed%20catchments%2C%20land%20cleared%20of%20alien%20plants%2C%20land%20with%20a%20high%20erosion%20risk%2C%20degraded%20forest%29%20where%20land%20use%20systems%20with%20a%20reduced%20environmental%20impact%20are%20required.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.4314%5C%2Fwsa.v37i5.15%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2218167950%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A53%3A29Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%226PLELA87%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22February%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011-12-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFebruary%2C%20E.%20C.%2C%20Allsopp%2C%20N.%2C%20Shabane%2C%20T.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Hattas%2C%20D.%20%282011%29.%20Coexistence%20of%20a%20C4%20grass%20and%20a%20leaf%20succulent%20shrub%20in%20an%20arid%20ecosystem.%20The%20relationship%20between%20rooting%20depth%2C%20water%20and%20nitrogen.%20%3Ci%3EPlant%20Soil%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E349%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%20253%26%23×2013%3B260.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs11104-011-0867-y%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs11104-011-0867-y%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D6PLELA87%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Coexistence%20of%20a%20C4%20grass%20and%20a%20leaf%20succulent%20shrub%20in%20an%20arid%20ecosystem.%20The%20relationship%20between%20rooting%20depth%2C%20water%20and%20nitrogen%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Edmund%20Carl%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22February%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicky%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Allsopp%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tirello%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shabane%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dawood%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hattas%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Here%20we%20aim%20to%20demonstrate%20that%20in%20arid%20environments%20the%20competitive%5Cnbalance%20between%20species%20can%20be%20determined%20by%20niche%20separation%20with%20either%5Cnnitrogen%20or%20water%20as%20the%20relevant%20niche%20axis.%20To%20do%20this%20we%20sampled%20roots%5Cn%3C2%20mm%20in%20diameter%20for%205%20soil%20pits%20equidistant%20between%20two%20coexisting%5Cnspecies%2C%20a%20shrub%20and%20a%20grass.%20Using%20stable%20carbon%20and%20nitrogen%20isotope%5Cnratios%20of%20fine%20roots%20we%20determine%20both%20photosynthetic%20pathway%20and%20rooting%5Cndepth.%20We%20also%20examine%20the%20distribution%20of%20soil%20moisture%20and%20nitrogen%5Cnrelative%20to%20root%20biomass.%20Our%20results%20for%20root%20biomass%20and%20stable%20isotope%5Cnratios%20of%20fine%20roots%20demonstrate%20both%20niche%20separation%20and%20competition%20for%5Cnresources.%20Root%20biomass%20is%20highest%20at%20the%20top%20of%20the%20profile%20where%20soil%5Cnnitrogen%20is%20highest%20and%20soil%20moisture%20is%20lowest.%20We%20conclude%20that%20while%5Cnthere%20is%20competition%20for%20resources%20in%20the%20middle%20of%20the%20profile%2C%5Cncompetition%20is%20mitigated%20by%20photosynthetic%20pathway.%20The%20facultative%20CAM%5Cnshrub%20grows%20whenever%20the%20soil%20at%20the%20surface%20is%20wet%20enough.%20The%20C4%5Cnphotosynthetic%20pathway%20of%20the%20grass%20is%20more%20nitrogen%20and%20water%20use%5Cnefficient%20making%20it%20better%20adapted%20to%20the%20low%20nitrogen%20in%20the%20middle%20of%5Cnthe%20profile%20and%20low%20summer%20rainfall.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22December%201%2C%202011%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs11104-011-0867-y%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220032-079X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs11104-011-0867-y%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22UUZBHCVC%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-10-22T11%3A16%3A30Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22A6G459HI%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ferreira%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFerreira%2C%20S.%2C%20Deacon%2C%20A.%2C%20Sithole%2C%20H.%2C%20Bezuidenhout%2C%20H.%2C%20Daemane%2C%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Herbst%2C%20M.%20%282011%29.%20From%20numbers%20to%20ecosystems%20and%20biodiversity%3A%20A%20mechanistic%20approach%20to%20monitoring.%20%3Ci%3EKoedoe%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E53%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%201%26%23×2013%3B12.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.4102%5C%2Fkoedoe.v53i2.998%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.4102%5C%2Fkoedoe.v53i2.998%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DA6G459HI%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22From%20numbers%20to%20ecosystems%20and%20biodiversity%3A%20A%20mechanistic%20approach%20to%20monitoring%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sam%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ferreira%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deacon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hendrik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sithole%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hugo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bezuidenhout%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mahlomola%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Daemane%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marna%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Herbst%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Diverse%20political%2C%20cultural%20and%20biological%20needs%20epitomise%20the%20contrasting%20demands%20impacting%20on%20the%20mandate%20of%20the%20South%20African%20National%20Parks%20%28SANParks%29%20to%20maintain%20biological%20diversity.%20Systems-based%20approaches%20and%20strategic%20adaptive%20management%20%28learn%20by%20doing%29%20enable%20SANParks%20to%20accommodate%20these%20demands.%20However%2C%20such%20a%20management%20strategy%20creates%20new%20information%20needs%2C%20which%20require%20an%20appropriate%20analytical%20approach.%20We%20use%20conceptual%20links%20between%20objectives%2C%20indicators%2C%20mechanisms%20and%20modulators%20to%20identify%20key%20concerns%20in%20the%20context%20of%20and%20related%20to%20management%20objectives.%20Although%20our%20suggested%20monitoring%20designs%20are%20based%20mostly%20on%20defined%20or%20predicted%20underlying%20mechanisms%20of%20a%20concern%2C%20SANParks%20requires%20inventory%20monitoring%20to%20evaluate%20its%20key%20mandate.%20We%20therefore%20propose%20a%20predictive%20inventory%20approach%20based%20on%20species%20assemblages%20related%20to%20habitat%20preferences.%20Inventories%20alone%20may%20not%20always%20adequately%20serve%20unpacking%20of%20mechanisms%3A%20in%20some%20cases%20population%20size%20needs%20to%20be%20estimated%20to%20meet%20the%20information%20needs%20of%20management%20strategies%2C%20but%20actual%20population%20sizes%20may%20indirectly%20affect%20how%20the%20species%20impact%20on%20other%20values.%20In%20addition%2C%20ecosystem%20objectives%20require%20multivariate%20assessments%20of%20key%20communities%2C%20which%20can%20be%20used%20in%20trend%20analysis.%20SANParks%20therefore%20needs%20to%20know%20how%20to%20detect%20and%20define%20trends%20efficiently%2C%20which%2C%20in%20turn%2C%20requires%20precision%20of%20measures%20of%20variables.%20%5Cu00a9%202011.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.4102%5C%2Fkoedoe.v53i2.998%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2220710771%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A57%3A31Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%223JLCKAMY%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ferreira%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFerreira%2C%20S.%2C%20Deacon%2C%20A.%2C%20Sithole%2C%20H.%2C%20Bezuidenhout%2C%20H.%2C%20Daemane%2C%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Herbst%2C%20M.%20%282011%29.%20From%20numbers%20to%20ecosystems%20and%20biodiversity%3A%20A%20mechanistic%20approach%20to%20monitoring.%20%3Ci%3EKoedoe%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E53%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%201%26%23×2013%3B12.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D3JLCKAMY%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22From%20numbers%20to%20ecosystems%20and%20biodiversity%3A%20A%20mechanistic%20approach%20to%20monitoring%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ferreira%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deacon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sithole%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bezuidenhout%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Daemane%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Herbst%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A22%3A05Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22J7KEE6MJ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Field%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EField%2C%20J.%20P.%2C%20Breshears%2C%20D.%20D.%2C%20Whicker%2C%20J.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Zou%2C%20C.%20B.%20%282011%29.%20On%20the%20ratio%20of%20wind-%20to%20water-driven%20sediment%20transport%3A%20Conserving%20soil%20under%20global-change-type%20extreme%20events.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Soil%20and%20Water%20Conservation%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E66%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%2051%26%23×2013%3B56.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2489%5C%2Fjswc.66.2.51A%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2489%5C%2Fjswc.66.2.51A%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DJ7KEE6MJ%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22On%20the%20ratio%20of%20wind-%20to%20water-driven%20sediment%20transport%3A%20Conserving%20soil%20under%20global-change-type%20extreme%20events%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jason%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Field%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Breshears%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jeffrey%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Whicker%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chris%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zou%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.2489%5C%2Fjswc.66.2.51A%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2200224561%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A47%3A18Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22T98SVY9L%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Field%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EField%2C%20J.%20P.%2C%20Breshears%2C%20D.%20D.%2C%20Whicker%2C%20J.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Zou%2C%20C.%20B.%20%282011%29.%20Interactive%20effects%20of%20grazing%20and%20burning%20on%20wind-%20and%20water-driven%20sediment%20fluxes%3A%20Rangeland%20management%20implications.%20%3Ci%3EEcological%20Applications%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E21%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%2022%26%23×2013%3B32.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1890%5C%2F09-2369.1%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1890%5C%2F09-2369.1%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DT98SVY9L%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Interactive%20effects%20of%20grazing%20and%20burning%20on%20wind-%20and%20water-driven%20sediment%20fluxes%3A%20Rangeland%20management%20implications%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jason%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Field%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Breshears%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jeffrey%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Whicker%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chris%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zou%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Rangelands%20are%20globally%20extensive%2C%20provide%20fundamental%20ecosystem%20services%2C%20and%20are%20tightly%20coupled%20human-ecological%20systems.%20Rangeland%20sustainability%20depends%20largely%20on%20the%20implementation%20and%20utilization%20of%20various%20grazing%20and%20burning%20practices%20optimized%20to%20protect%20against%20soil%20erosion%20and%20transport.%20In%20many%20cases%2C%20however%2C%20land%20management%20practices%20lead%20to%20increased%20soil%20erosion%20and%20sediment%20fluxes%20for%20reasons%20that%20are%20poorly%20understood.%20Because%20few%20studies%20have%20directly%20measured%20both%20wind%20and%20water%20erosion%20and%20transport%2C%20an%20assessment%20of%20how%20they%20may%20differentially%20respond%20to%20grazing%20and%20burning%20practices%20is%20lacking.%20Here%2C%20we%20report%20simultaneous%2C%20co-located%20estimates%20of%20wind-%20and%20water-driven%20sediment%20transport%20in%20a%20semiarid%20grassland%20in%20Arizona%2C%20USA%2C%20over%20three%20years%20for%20four%20land%20management%20treatments%3A%20control%2C%20grazed%2C%20burned%2C%20and%20burned%20grazed.%20For%20all%20treatments%20and%20most%20years%2C%20annual%20rates%20of%20wind-driven%20sediment%20transport%20exceeded%20that%20of%20water%20due%20to%20a%20combination%20of%20ongoing%20small%20but%20nontrivial%20wind%20events%20and%20larger%2C%20less%20frequent%2C%20wind%20events%20that%20generally%20preceded%20the%20monsoon%20season.%20Sediment%20fluxes%20by%20both%20wind%20and%20water%20differed%20consistently%20by%20treatment%3A%20burned%20%2B%20grazed%20%5C%5Ctextgreater%20burned%20%5C%5Ctextgreater%20grazed%20%5Cu2265%20control%2C%20with%20effects%20immediately%20apparent%20after%20burning%20but%20delayed%20after%20grazing%20until%20the%20following%20growing%20season.%20Notably%2C%20the%20wind%20%3A%20water%20sediment%20transport%20ratio%20decreased%20following%20burning%20but%20increased%20following%20grazing.%20Our%20results%20show%20how%20rangeland%20practices%20disproportionally%20alter%20sediment%20fluxes%20driven%20by%20wind%20and%20water%2C%20differences%20that%20could%20potentially%20help%20explain%20divergence%20between%20rangeland%20sustainability%20and%20degradataion.%20%5Cu00a9%202011%20by%20the%20Ecological%20Society%20of%20America.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1890%5C%2F09-2369.1%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2210510761%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A47%3A19Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22JF6JLVW7%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22FISHER%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFISHER%2C%20J.%20T.%2C%20WITKOWSKI%2C%20E.%20T.%20F.%2C%20ERASMUS%2C%20B.%20F.%20N.%2C%20VAN%20AARDT%2C%20J.%2C%20ASNER%2C%20G.%20P.%2C%20WESSELS%2C%20K.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20MATHIEU%2C%20R.%20%282011%29.%20Human-modified%20landscapes%3A%20patterns%20of%20fine-scale%20woody%20vegetation%20structure%20in%20communal%20savannah%20rangelands.%20%3Ci%3EEnvironmental%20Conservation%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E39%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2801%29%2C%2072%26%23×2013%3B82.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2Fdoi%3A10.1017%5C%2FS0376892911000592%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2Fdoi%3A10.1017%5C%2FS0376892911000592%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DJF6JLVW7%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Human-modified%20landscapes%3A%20patterns%20of%20fine-scale%20woody%20vegetation%20structure%20in%20communal%20savannah%20rangelands%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J%20T%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22FISHER%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E%20T%20F%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22WITKOWSKI%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B%20F%20N%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22ERASMUS%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22VAN%20AARDT%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G%20P%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22ASNER%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22WESSELS%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22MATHIEU%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22doi%3A10.1017%5C%2FS0376892911000592%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220376-8929%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi.org%5C%2F10.1017%5C%2FS0376892911000592%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A22%3A01Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22U76I3WJW%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Fitchett%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFitchett%2C%20J.%20M.%20%282011%29.%20%3Ci%3EThe%20Effects%20of%20Climate%20Variability%2C%20Tree%20Age%20and%20Management%20Practice%20on%20Increases%20in%20Mango%20Yields%20at%20Bavaria%20Estate%2C%20Hoedspruit%2C%20South%20Africa%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%5BHons%20research%20report%5D.%20University%20of%20the%20Witwatersrand.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DU76I3WJW%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22thesis%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20Effects%20of%20Climate%20Variability%2C%20Tree%20Age%20and%20Management%20Practice%20on%20Increases%20in%20Mango%20Yields%20at%20Bavaria%20Estate%2C%20Hoedspruit%2C%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jennifer%20M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fitchett%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Mangos%2C%20although%20typically%20a%20tropical%20crop%2C%20may%20be%20successfully%20cultivated%20pole-ward%20of%20this%2025oN-S%20range%20under%20specific%20climatic%20conditions.%20As%20the%20Lowveld%20region%20of%20South%20Africa%20is%20outside%20the%20tropical%20zone%2C%20it%20is%20of%20interest%20to%20study%20the%20yields%20of%20its%20mango%20farms%20in%20the%20context%20of%20contemporary%20climate%20variability.%20Data%20analysed%20from%20Bavaria%20Estate%2C%20Hoedspruit%20from%201995-2010%20show%20a%2017%20231%20kg%5C%2Fha%20increase%20in%20yields%20per%20year.%20Through%20a%20multiple%20regression%20analysis%20including%20tree%20Age%2C%20Tmax%2C%20Tmin%20and%20Optimum%20and%20Detrimental%20Temperature%20Days%2C%2087.47%25%20of%20the%20observed%20change%20in%20yields%20is%20explained.%20The%20remaining%2012.53%25%20difference%20between%20modelled%20and%20observed%20yields%20is%20attributed%20to%20factors%20such%20as%20fertilization%20method%2C%20windbreaks%2C%20biennial%20yield%20cycles%20and%20possible%20CO2%20loading%2C%20together%20with%20statistical%20and%20data%20limitations.%20Using%20the%20model%20to%20project%20yields%205%2C%2010%2C%2025%20and%2050%20years%20into%20the%20future%2C%20it%20appears%20that%20these%20positive%20trends%20are%20likely%20to%20continue.%22%2C%22thesisType%22%3A%22Hons%20research%20report%22%2C%22university%22%3A%22University%20of%20the%20Witwatersrand%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%228VPML3VD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-06-28T12%3A11%3A34Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%224WYJF9SV%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Flather%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFlather%2C%20C.%20H.%2C%20Hayward%2C%20G.%20D.%2C%20Beissinger%2C%20S.%20R.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Stephens%2C%20P.%20A.%20%282011%29.%20Minimum%20viable%20populations%3A%20Is%20there%20a%20%26%23x201C%3Bmagic%20number%26%23x201D%3B%20for%20conservation%20practitioners%3F%20%3Ci%3ETrends%20in%20Ecology%20and%20Evolution%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E26%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%286%29%2C%20307%26%23×2013%3B316.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.tree.2011.03.001%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.tree.2011.03.001%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D4WYJF9SV%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Minimum%20viable%20populations%3A%20Is%20there%20a%20%27magic%20number%27%20for%20conservation%20practitioners%3F%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Curtis%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Flather%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gregory%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hayward%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Steven%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Beissinger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Philip%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stephens%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Establishing%20species%20conservation%20priorities%20and%20recovery%20goals%20is%20often%20enhanced%20by%20extinction%20risk%20estimates.%20The%20need%20to%20set%20goals%2C%20even%20in%20data-deficient%20situations%2C%20has%20prompted%20researchers%20to%20ask%20whether%20general%20guidelines%20could%20replace%20individual%20estimates%20of%20extinction%20risk.%20To%20inform%20conservation%20policy%2C%20recent%20studies%20have%20revived%20the%20concept%20of%20the%20minimum%20viable%20population%20%28MVP%29%2C%20the%20population%20size%20required%20to%20provide%20some%20specified%20probability%20of%20persistence%20for%20a%20given%20period%20of%20time.%20These%20studies%20conclude%20that%20long-term%20persistence%20requires%20%5Cu22655000%20adult%20individuals%2C%20an%20MVP%20threshold%20that%20is%20unaffected%20by%20taxonomy%2C%20life%20history%20or%20environmental%20conditions.%20Here%2C%20we%20re-evaluate%20this%20suggestion.%20We%20find%20that%20neither%20data%20nor%20theory%20supports%20its%20general%20applicability%2C%20raising%20questions%20about%20the%20utility%20of%20MVPs%20for%20conservation%20planning.%20%5Cu00a9%202011%20Elsevier%20Ltd.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.tree.2011.03.001%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2201695347%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.tree.2011.03.001%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A00%3A30Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22KJBPB3AB%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Forecasting%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EForecasting%2C%20E.%20C.%20E.%20%282011%29.%20%3Ci%3E2%200%2011%20S%20C%20I%20E%20N%20C%20E%20S%20T%20R%20A%20T%20E%20G%20Y%20Enabling%20Continental-Scale%20Ecological%20Forecasting%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DKJBPB3AB%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%222%200%2011%20S%20C%20I%20E%20N%20C%20E%20S%20T%20R%20A%20T%20E%20G%20Y%20Enabling%20Continental-Scale%20Ecological%20Forecasting%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Enabling%20Continental-scale%20Ecological%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Forecasting%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A57%3A39Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22DBMH8MHH%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Gandiwa%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGandiwa%2C%20E.%2C%20Magwati%2C%20T.%2C%20Zisadza%2C%20P.%2C%20Chinuwo%2C%20T.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Tafangenyasha%2C%20C.%20%282011%29.%20The%20impact%20of%20African%20elephants%20on%20Acacia%20tortilis%20woodland%20in%20northern%20Gonarezhou%20National%20Park%2C%20Zimbabwe.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Arid%20Environments%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E75%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%289%29%2C%20809%26%23×2013%3B814.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jaridenv.2011.04.017%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jaridenv.2011.04.017%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DDBMH8MHH%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20impact%20of%20African%20elephants%20on%20Acacia%20tortilis%20woodland%20in%20northern%20Gonarezhou%20National%20Park%2C%20Zimbabwe%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gandiwa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Magwati%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zisadza%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chinuwo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tafangenyasha%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22We%20investigated%20the%20impact%20of%20African%20elephants%20%28Loxodonta%20africana%29%20on%20the%20structure%20and%20composition%20of%20Acacia%20tortilis%20woodland%20in%20northern%20Gonarezhou%20National%20Park%2C%20southeast%20Zimbabwe.%20A.%20tortilis%20woodland%20was%20stratified%20into%20high%2C%20medium%20and%20low%20elephant%20utilisation%20categories%20based%20on%20evidence%20of%20elephant%20habitat%20use%20as%20determined%20through%20dung-count%20surveys%20in%20relation%20to%20distance%20of%20woodland%20patches%20from%20perennial%20and%20natural%20surface%20water%20sources.%20The%20following%20variables%20were%20recorded%20in%20each%20study%20plot%3A%20tree%20height%2C%20species%20name%2C%20number%20of%20species%2C%20plant%20damage%2C%20basal%20circumference%20and%20number%20of%20stems%20per%20plant.%20A%20total%20of%20824%20woody%20plants%20and%2026%20woody%20species%20were%20recorded%20from%20the%20sampled%20A.%20tortilis%20woodland%20patches.%20Mean%20tree%20densities%2C%20basal%20areas%2C%20tree%20heights%20and%20species%20diversity%20were%20lower%20in%20areas%20with%20medium%20and%20high%20elephant%20utilisation%20as%20compared%20to%20low%20elephant%20utilisation%20areas.%20Plants%20damaged%20by%20elephants%20increased%20with%20increasing%20elephant%20utilisation.%20The%20study%20findings%20suggest%20that%20A.%20tortilis%20woodland%20is%20gradually%20being%20transformed%20into%20an%20open%20woodland.%20We%20recommended%20that%20protected%20area%20management%20in%20arid%20and%20semi-arid%20areas%20should%20consider%20%28i%29%20formulating%20clear%20thresholds%20of%20potential%20concern%20to%20allow%20for%20the%20conservation%20of%20sensitive%20woodlands%20such%20as%20A.%20tortilis%20woodlands%20and%20%28ii%29%20establishing%20long-term%20vegetation%20monitoring%20programmes.%20%3F%3F%202011%20Elsevier%20Ltd.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.jaridenv.2011.04.017%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2201401963%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A15%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22JK9EC9LP%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Good%20and%20Caylor%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGood%2C%20S.%20P.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Caylor%2C%20K.%20K.%20%282011%29.%20Climatological%20determinants%20of%20woody%20cover%20in%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EProceedings%20of%20the%20National%20Academy%20of%20Sciences%20of%20the%20United%20States%20of%20America%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E108%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2812%29%2C%204902%26%23×2013%3B4907.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1073%5C%2Fpnas.1013100108%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1073%5C%2Fpnas.1013100108%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DJK9EC9LP%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Climatological%20determinants%20of%20woody%20cover%20in%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stephen%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Good%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kelly%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Caylor%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Determining%20the%20factors%20that%20influence%20the%20distribution%20of%20woody%20vegetation%20cover%20and%20resolving%20the%20sensitivity%20of%20woody%20vegetation%20cover%20to%20shifts%20in%20environmental%20forcing%20are%20critical%20steps%20necessary%20to%20predict%20continental-scale%20responses%20of%20dryland%20ecosystems%20to%20climate%20change.%20We%20use%20a%206-year%20satellite%20data%20record%20of%20fractional%20woody%20vegetation%20cover%20and%20an%2011-year%20daily%20precipitation%20record%20to%20investigate%20the%20climatological%20controls%20on%20woody%20vegetation%20cover%20across%20the%20African%20continent.%20We%20find%20that%20-%20as%20opposed%20to%20a%20relationship%20with%20only%20mean%20annual%20rainfall%20-%20the%20upper%20limit%20of%20fractional%20woody%20vegetation%20cover%20is%20strongly%20influenced%20by%20both%20the%20quantity%20and%20intensity%20of%20rainfall%20events.%20Using%20a%20set%20of%20statistics%20derived%20from%20the%20seasonal%20distribution%20of%20rainfall%2C%20we%20show%20that%20areas%20with%20similar%20seasonal%20rainfall%20totals%20have%20higher%20fractional%20woody%20cover%20if%20the%20local%20rainfall%20climatology%20consists%20of%20frequent%2C%20less%20intense%20precipitation%20events.%20Based%20on%20these%20observations%2C%20we%20develop%20a%20generalized%20response%20surface%20between%20rainfall%20climatology%20and%20maximum%20woody%20vegetation%20cover%20across%20the%20African%20continent.%20The%20normalized%20local%20gradient%20of%20this%20response%20surface%20is%20used%20as%20an%20estimator%20of%20ecosystem%20vegetation%20sensitivity%20to%20climatological%20variation.%20A%20comparison%20between%20predicted%20climate%20sensitivity%20patterns%20and%20observed%20shifts%20in%20both%20rainfall%20and%20vegetation%20during%202009%20reveals%20both%20the%20importance%20of%20rainfall%20climatology%20in%20governing%20how%20ecosystems%20respond%20to%20interannual%20fluctuations%20in%20climate%20and%20the%20utility%20of%20our%20framework%20as%20a%20means%20to%20forecast%20continental-scale%20patterns%20of%20vegetation%20shifts%20in%20response%20to%20future%20climate%20change.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1073%5C%2Fpnas.1013100108%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2200278424%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A43%3A14Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22V2GAZFHY%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22G%5Cu00f6tz%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011-04-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EG%26%23xF6%3Btz%2C%20A.%2C%20Kerwath%2C%20S.%2C%20Attwood%2C%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Sauer%2C%20W.%20%282011%29.%20An%20alternative%20method%20for%20estimating%20the%20status%20of%20resident%20reef%20fish%20stocks%2C%20based%20on%20differential%20fishing%20effort%20across%20a%20marine%20reserve%20boundary.%20%3Ci%3EAfrican%20Journal%20of%20Marine%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E33%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%20107%26%23×2013%3B113.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F1814232X.2011.572357%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F1814232X.2011.572357%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DV2GAZFHY%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22An%20alternative%20method%20for%20estimating%20the%20status%20of%20resident%20reef%20fish%20stocks%2C%20based%20on%20differential%20fishing%20effort%20across%20a%20marine%20reserve%20boundary%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22G%5Cu00f6tz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22SE%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kerwath%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22CG%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Attwood%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22WHH%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sauer%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20stock%20status%20of%20roman%20Chrysoblephus%20laticeps%20was%20estimated%20in%20the%20Goukamma%2C%20a%20temperate%20South%20African%20marine%20protected%20area%20%28MPA%29.%20Standardised%20catch%20per%20unit%20effort%20%28CPUE%29%20from%20a%20controlled%20angling%20survey%20on%20both%20sides%20of%20the%20MPA%20border%20was%20employed%20to%20extrapolate%20the%20CPUE%20at%20zero%20fishing%20mortality.%20Converted%20into%20biomass%2C%20the%20estimate%20%2861%25%20of%20unexploited%20biomass%29%20lay%20midway%20between%20those%20of%20two%20biomass-per-recruit%20%28B%5C%2FR%29%20models%20for%20the%20same%20population%20based%20on%20angling%20and%20diving%20surveys%20%28i.e.%2052%25%20and%2069%25%20of%20unexploited%20biomass%20respectively%29.%20The%20extrapolated%20CPUE%20at%20zero%20fishing%20mortality%20%284.4%20fish%20angler-hour%5Cu22121%29%20in%20this%20study%20compared%20well%20with%20the%20mean%20CPUE%20of%204.6%20fish%20angler-hour%5Cu22121%20determined%20during%20a%20concomitant%20survey%20in%20the%20core%20area%20of%20the%20nearby%20Tsitsikamma%20MPA%20%5Cu2013%20the%20oldest%2C%20and%20one%20of%20the%20largest%2C%20MPAs%20in%20Africa.%20Extrapolations%20of%20CPUE%20have%20the%20potential%20to%20deliver%20reliable%20and%20consistent%20estimates%20of%20stock%20status%20and%20could%20offer%20a%20practical%20alternative%20to%20conventional%20B%5C%2FR%20models.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222011-04-01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.2989%5C%2F1814232X.2011.572357%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221814-232X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F1814232X.2011.572357%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2285DCE2P4%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-26T09%3A29%3A09Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%225UZIQV76%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Hansfort%20and%20Mertz%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHansfort%2C%20S.%20L.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Mertz%2C%20O.%20%282011%29.%20Challenging%20the%20Woodfuel%20Crisis%20in%20West%20African%20Woodlands.%20%3Ci%3EHuman%20Ecology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E39%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%285%29%2C%20583%26%23×2013%3B595.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs10745-011-9417-8%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs10745-011-9417-8%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D5UZIQV76%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Challenging%20the%20Woodfuel%20Crisis%20in%20West%20African%20Woodlands%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sofie%20Louise%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hansfort%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ole%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mertz%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Fear%20of%20an%20upcoming%20woodfuel%20crisis%20caused%20by%20increasing%20woodfuel%20consumption%20in%20Bamako%20has%20had%20great%20influence%20on%20forestry%20policies%20aiming%20to%20reduce%20the%20impacts%20of%20urban%20woodfuel%20consumption.%20During%20the%20last%2020-%5Cufffdyears%2C%20energy%20gap%20analyses%5Cu2014the%20relationship%20between%20supply%20and%20demand%20of%20woodfuels%5Cu2014have%20been%20produced%20by%20the%20government%20of%20Mali%20to%20prove%20the%20impacts%20of%20woodfuel%20consumption%20in%20Bamako%20on%20surrounding%20woodlands.%20This%20study%20evaluates%20the%20methodology%20and%20data%20used%20to%20describe%20this%20woodfuel%20crisis%20through%20a%20comparison%20with%20regional%20and%20historical%20data.%20The%20results%20of%20the%20energy%20gap%20analyses%20are%20challenged%20by%20using%20different%20estimates%20of%20woody%20resource%20availability%20and%20woodfuel%20consumption%20to%20create%20best%20and%20worst%20case%20scenarios.%20These%20show%20either%20high%20surpluses%20or%20high%20deficits%20with%20a%20difference%20of%202.7%20million%20tons%5C%2Fyr.%20The%20woodfuel%20system%20of%20Bamako%20is%20highly%20dynamic%20and%20it%20is%20very%20difficult%20to%20evaluate%20its%20sustainability%20using%20a%20simple%20methodology%20such%20as%20the%20energy%20gap%20analysis.%20Trends%20over%20the%20last%2020-%5Cufffdyears%20show%20a%20highly%20efficient%20woodfuel%20system%20that%20has%20adapted%20to%20changing%20circumstances%2C%20ensuring%20a%20continued%20affordable%20woodfuel%20supply%20for%20the%20urban%20residents.%20Better%20data%20on%20the%20productivity%20of%20West%20African%20woodlands%20and%20urban%20consumption%20are%20needed%20to%20avoid%20misinterpretations%20of%20the%20impacts%20of%20woodfuel%20harvesting%20on%20woody%20resources%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs10745-011-9417-8%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2203007839%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A15%3A03Z%22%7D%7D%5D%7D
Adler, P. B., Seabloom, E. W., Borer, E. T., Hillebrand, H., Hautier, Y., Hector, A., Stanley Harpole, W., O’Halloran, L. R., Grace, J. B., Michael Anderson, T., Bakker, J. D., Biederman, L. A., Brown, C. S., Buckley, Y. M., Calabrese, L. B., Chu, C. J., Cleland, E. E., Collins, S. L., Cottingham, K. L., … Yang, L. H. (2011). Productivity is a poor predictor of plant species richness. Science, 333(6050), 1750–1753. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1204498 Cite

Adler, P. B., Seabloom, E. W., Borer, E. T., Hillebrand, H., Hautier, Y., Hector, A., Stanley Harpole, W., O’Halloran, L. R., Grace, J. B., Michael Anderson, T., Bakker, J. D., Biederman, L. A., Brown, C. S., Buckley, Y. M., Calabrese, L. B., Chu, C. J., Cleland, E. E., Collins, S. L., Cottingham, K. L., … Yang, L. H. (2011). Productivity is a poor predictor of plant species richness. Science, 333(6050), 1750–1753. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1204498 Cite

Anderson, M. J., Crist, T. O., Chase, J. M., Vellend, M., Inouye, B. D., Freestone, A. L., Sanders, N. J., Cornell, H. V., Comita, L. S., Davies, K. F., Harrison, S. P., Kraft, N. J. B., Stegen, J. C., & Swenson, N. G. (2011). Navigating the multiple meanings of β diversity: A roadmap for the practicing ecologist. Ecology Letters, 14(1), 19–28. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01552.x Cite

Anderson, T. M., Shaw, J., & Olff, H. (2011). Ecology’s cruel dilemma, phylogenetic trait evolution and the assembly of Serengeti plant communities. Journal of Ecology, 99(3), 797–806. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2011.01795.x Cite

Ashton, P. J., & Dabrowski, J. M. (2011). An overview of surface water quality in the Olifants river catchment.: Vol. KV 293/11. Cite

Asner, G. P., Hughes, R. F., Mascaro, J., Uowolo, A. L., Knapp, D. E., Jacobson, J., Kennedy-Bowdoin, T., & Clark, J. K. (2011). High-resolution carbon mapping on the million-hectare Island of Hawaii. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 9(8), 434–439. https://doi.org/10.1890/100179 Cite

Atkinson, L., Leslie, R., Field, J., & Jarre, A. (2011). Changes in demersal fish assemblages on the west coast of South Africa, 1986–2009. African Journal of Marine Science, 33(1), 157–170. https://doi.org/10.2989/1814232X.2011.572378 Cite

Atkinson, L., Field, J., & Hutchings, L. (2011). Effects of demersal trawling along the west coast of southern Africa: multivariate analysis of benthic assemblages. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 430, 241–255. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps08956 Cite

Atkinson, L., Field, J., & Hutchings, L. (2011). Marine Ecology Progress Series, 430(null), 241. Cite

Barger, N. N., Archer, S. R., Campbell, J. L., Huang, C. Y., Morton, J. A., & Knapp, A. K. (2011). Woody plant proliferation in North American drylands: A synthesis of impacts on ecosystem carbon balance. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 116(3), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JG001506 Cite

Baskerville, E. B., Dobson, A. P., Bedford, T., Allesina, S., Anderson, T. M., & Pascual, M. (2011). Spatial Guilds in the Serengeti Food Web Revealed by a Bayesian Group Model. PLoS Computational Biology, 7(12), e1002321. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002321 Cite

Bazelet, C. S., & Samways, M. J. (2011). Relative importance of management vs. design for implementation of large-scale ecological networks. Landscape Ecology, 26(3), 341–353. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-010-9557-z Cite

Biggs, D., Biggs, R., Dakos, V., Scholes, R. J., & Schoon, M. (2011). Are we entering an era of concatenated global crises? Ecology and Society, 16(2). https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-04079-160227 Cite

Blanchard, R., Richardson, D. M., O’Farrell, P. J., & Von Maltitz, G. P. (2011). Biofuels and biodiversity in South Africa. South African Journal of Science, 107(5–6), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajs.v107i5/6.186 Cite

Blue, J. D., Souza, L., Classen, A. T., Schweitzer, J. A., & Sanders, N. J. (2011). The variable effects of soil nitrogen availability and insect herbivory on aboveground and belowground plant biomass in an old-field ecosystem. Oecologia, 167(3), 771–780. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-011-2028-7 Cite

Buitenwerf, R., Swemmer, A. M., & Peel, M. J. (2011). Long-term dynamics of herbaceous vegetation structure and composition in two African savanna reserves. Journal of Applied Ecology, 48(1). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01895.x Cite

Buitenwerf, R., Swemmer, A. M., & Peel, M. J. (2011). Long-term dynamics of herbaceous vegetation structure and composition in two African savanna reserves. Journal of Applied Ecology, 48(1). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01895.x Cite

Casanoves, F., Pla, L., Di Rienzo, J. A., & Díaz, S. (2011). FDiversity: A software package for the integrated analysis of functional diversity. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 2(3), 233–237. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210X.2010.00082.x Cite

Caspersen, J. P., Vanderwel, M. C., Cole, W. G., & Purves, D. W. (2011). How stand productivity results from size- and competition-dependent growth and mortality. PLoS ONE, 6(12). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0028660 Cite

Clark, V., Barker, N., & Mucina, L. (2011). The Great Escarpment of southern Africa: a new frontier for biodiversity exploration. Biodiversity and Conservation, 20(12), 2543–2561. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-011-0103-3 Cite

Colvin, C., Burns, A., Schatschneider, K., Ashton Maherry, J. C., & de Wit, M. (2011). Coal and Water Futures in South Africa. Cite

Cosa, S., Mabinya, L. V., Olaniran, A. O., Okoh, O. O., Bernard, K., Deyzel, S., & Okoh, A. I. (2011). Bioflocculant Production by Virgibacillus sp. Rob Isolated from the Bottom Sediment of Algoa Bay in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Molecules, 16(3), 2431–2442. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules16032431 Cite

Crisp, M. D., Burrows, G. E., Cook, L. G., Thornhill, A. H., & Bowman, D. M. J. S. (2011). Flammable biomes dominated by eucalypts originated at the Cretaceous-Palaeogene boundary. Nature Communications, 2, 193. Cite

Cumming, S. (2011). Veld Condition Indexing: relevance to Wildlife Management? Cite

Dai, A. (2011). Drought under global warming: A review. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 2(1), 45–65. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.81 Cite

Dakos, V., Kéfi, S., Rietkerk, M., van Nes, E. H., & Scheffer, M. (2011). Slowing down in spatially patterned ecosystems at the brink of collapse vasilis. American Naturalist, 177(6). https://doi.org/10.1086/659945 Cite

Davis, A. L. V., Scholtz, C. H., & Swemmer, A. M. (2011). Effects of land usage on dung beetle assemblage structure: Kruger National Park versus adjacent farmland in South Africa. Journal of Insect Conservation. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10841-011-9426-3 Cite

De Knegt, H. J., Van Langevelde, F., Skidmore, A. K., Delsink, A., Slotow, R., Henley, S., Bucini, G., De Boer, W. F., Coughenour, M. B., Grant, C. C., Heitkönig, I. M. A., Henley, M., Knox, N. M., Kohi, E. M., Mwakiwa, E., Page, B. R., Peel, M., Pretorius, Y., Van Wieren, S. E., & Prins, H. H. T. (2011). The spatial scaling of habitat selection by African elephants. Journal of Animal Ecology, 80(1), 270–281. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2010.01764.x Cite

De Wit, M. J. (2011). The great shale debate in the Karoo. South African Journal of Science, 107(7–8), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajs.v107i7/8.791 Cite

Division, G. D., Resources, N., & Collins, F. (2011). Biogeochemical Changes Accompanying Woody Plant. America, 82(7), 1999–2011. Cite

Du Preez, C. C., Van Huyssteen, C. W., & Mnkeni, P. N. S. (2011). Land use and soil organic matter in South Africa 1: A review on spatial variability and the influence of rangeland stock production. South African Journal of Science, 107(5/6), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajs.v107i5/6.354 Cite

Ecology, C. (2011). Restoration of Coastal Dune Forests. April. Cite

Eldridge, D. J., Bowker, M. A., Maestre, F. T., Roger, E., Reynolds, J. F., & Whitford, W. G. (2011). Impacts of shrub encroachment on ecosystem structure and functioning: Towards a global synthesis. Ecology Letters, 14(7), 709–722. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01630.x Cite

Eldridge, D. J., Bowker, M. A., Maestre, F. T., Roger, E., Reynolds, J. F., & Whitford, W. G. (2011). Impacts of shrub encroachment on ecosystem structure and functioning: Towards a global synthesis. Ecology Letters, 14(7), 709–722. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01630.x Cite

Eldridge, D. J., Bowker, M. A., Maestre, F. T., Roger, E., Reynolds, J. F., & Whitford, W. G. (2011). Impacts of shrub encroachment on ecosystem structure and functioning: Towards a global synthesis. Ecology Letters, 14(7), 709–722. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01630.x Cite

Everson, C. S., Dye, P. J., Gush, M. B., & Everson, T. M. (2011). Water use of grasslands, agroforestry systems and indigenous forests. Water SA, 37(5), 781–788. https://doi.org/10.4314/wsa.v37i5.15 Cite

February, E. C., Allsopp, N., Shabane, T., & Hattas, D. (2011). Coexistence of a C4 grass and a leaf succulent shrub in an arid ecosystem. The relationship between rooting depth, water and nitrogen. Plant Soil, 349(1), 253–260. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-011-0867-y Cite

Ferreira, S., Deacon, A., Sithole, H., Bezuidenhout, H., Daemane, M., & Herbst, M. (2011). From numbers to ecosystems and biodiversity: A mechanistic approach to monitoring. Koedoe, 53(2), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v53i2.998 Cite

Ferreira, S., Deacon, A., Sithole, H., Bezuidenhout, H., Daemane, M., & Herbst, M. (2011). From numbers to ecosystems and biodiversity: A mechanistic approach to monitoring. Koedoe, 53(2), 1–12. Cite

Field, J. P., Breshears, D. D., Whicker, J. J., & Zou, C. B. (2011). On the ratio of wind- to water-driven sediment transport: Conserving soil under global-change-type extreme events. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 66(2), 51–56. https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.66.2.51A Cite

Field, J. P., Breshears, D. D., Whicker, J. J., & Zou, C. B. (2011). Interactive effects of grazing and burning on wind- and water-driven sediment fluxes: Rangeland management implications. Ecological Applications, 21(1), 22–32. https://doi.org/10.1890/09-2369.1 Cite

FISHER, J. T., WITKOWSKI, E. T. F., ERASMUS, B. F. N., VAN AARDT, J., ASNER, G. P., WESSELS, K. J., & MATHIEU, R. (2011). Human-modified landscapes: patterns of fine-scale woody vegetation structure in communal savannah rangelands. Environmental Conservation, 39(01), 72–82. https://doi.org/doi:10.1017/S0376892911000592 Cite

Fitchett, J. M. (2011). The Effects of Climate Variability, Tree Age and Management Practice on Increases in Mango Yields at Bavaria Estate, Hoedspruit, South Africa [Hons research report]. University of the Witwatersrand. Cite

Flather, C. H., Hayward, G. D., Beissinger, S. R., & Stephens, P. A. (2011). Minimum viable populations: Is there a “magic number” for conservation practitioners? Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 26(6), 307–316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2011.03.001 Cite

Forecasting, E. C. E. (2011). 2 0 11 S C I E N C E S T R A T E G Y Enabling Continental-Scale Ecological Forecasting. Cite

Gandiwa, E., Magwati, T., Zisadza, P., Chinuwo, T., & Tafangenyasha, C. (2011). The impact of African elephants on Acacia tortilis woodland in northern Gonarezhou National Park, Zimbabwe. Journal of Arid Environments, 75(9), 809–814. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2011.04.017 Cite

Good, S. P., & Caylor, K. K. (2011). Climatological determinants of woody cover in Africa. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108(12), 4902–4907. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1013100108 Cite

Götz, A., Kerwath, S., Attwood, C., & Sauer, W. (2011). An alternative method for estimating the status of resident reef fish stocks, based on differential fishing effort across a marine reserve boundary. African Journal of Marine Science, 33(1), 107–113. https://doi.org/10.2989/1814232X.2011.572357 Cite

Hansfort, S. L., & Mertz, O. (2011). Challenging the Woodfuel Crisis in West African Woodlands. Human Ecology, 39(5), 583–595. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-011-9417-8 Cite






2010
2592029
2010
items
1
0
author
asc
1
218
https://www.saeon.ac.za/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
%7B%22status%22%3A%22success%22%2C%22updateneeded%22%3Afalse%2C%22instance%22%3A%22zotpress-0e945a3e01cf918a59af3f09558c4de8%22%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22request_last%22%3A150%2C%22request_next%22%3A50%2C%22used_cache%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22data%22%3A%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%228XPQX45P%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22A%20and%20B%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EA%2C%20S.%20M.%20F.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20B%2C%20P.%20J.%20F.%20%282010%29.%20Estimating%20lion%20population%20variables%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20prey%20and%20disease%20effects%20in%20Kruger%20National%20Park%20%2C%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EWildlife%20Research%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20194%26%23×2013%3B206.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D8XPQX45P%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Estimating%20lion%20population%20variables%20%3A%20prey%20and%20disease%20effects%20in%20Kruger%20National%20Park%20%2C%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sam%20M%20Ferreira%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22A%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paul%20J%20Funston%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22B%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A00%3A33Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22QNLCWWXA%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Africa%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAfrica%2C%20S.%20%282010%29.%20%3Ci%3EDo%20mammalian%20herbivores%20influence%20invertebrate%20communities%20via%20changes%20in%20the%20vegetation%26%23x202F%3B%3F%20Results%20from%20a%20preliminary%20survey%20in%20Kruger%20National%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ci%3E27%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%201%26%23×2013%3B6.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F10220111003703468%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2989%5C%2F10220111003703468%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DQNLCWWXA%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Do%20mammalian%20herbivores%20influence%20invertebrate%20communities%20via%20changes%20in%20the%20vegetation%20%3F%20Results%20from%20a%20preliminary%20survey%20in%20Kruger%20National%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22South%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Africa%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.2989%5C%2F10220111003703468%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A01%3A03Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22AZKG2A4A%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ajorlo%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAjorlo%2C%20M.%2C%20Abdullah%2C%20R.%20B.%2C%20Hanif%2C%20A.%20H.%20M.%2C%20Halim%2C%20R.%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Yusoff%2C%20M.%20K.%20%282010%29.%20How%20cattle%20grazing%20influences%20heavy%20metal%20concentrations%20in%20tropical%20pasture%20soils.%20%3Ci%3EPolish%20Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Studies%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E19%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%286%29%2C%201369%26%23×2013%3B1375.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DAZKG2A4A%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22How%20cattle%20grazing%20influences%20heavy%20metal%20concentrations%20in%20tropical%20pasture%20soils%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Majid%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ajorlo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ramdzani%20Bin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Abdullah%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ahmad%20Husni%20Mohd%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hanif%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ridzwan%20Abd%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Halim%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mohd%20Kamil%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yusoff%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20study%20investigates%20the%20impact%20of%20short-term%20%281.5-year%29%20heavy%20and%20long-term%20%2833-year%29%20moderate%20grazing%20intensities%20on%20the%20heavy%20metal%20concentrations%20in%20soils%20of%20tropical%20pastures.%20The%20concentration%20of%20heavy%20metals%20%28Cd%2C%20Fe%2C%20Mn%2C%20Cu%2C%20Cr%2C%20Pb%2C%20and%20Zn%29%20was%20determined%20in%20the%20Livestock%20Section%20of%20University%20Putra%20Malaysia%2C%20Selangor%2C%20Malaysia.%20The%20heavy%20metal%20concentrations%20in%20the%20soil%20were%20not%20affected%20%28P%5C%5Ctextgreater0.05%29%20by%20shortterm%20heavy%20grazing%20intensity.%20The%20concentrations%20of%20Fe%2C%20Mn%2C%20and%20Zn%20were%20significantly%20affected%20%28P%5C%5Ctextless0.05%29%20by%20long-term%20moderate%20grazing%20or%20soil%20depth%20and%20by%20the%20interaction%20between%20them.%20The%20Cu%20concentration%20in%20soil%20was%20only%20affected%20%28P%5C%5Ctextless.05%29%20by%20grazing%2C%20but%20not%20%28P%5C%5Ctextgreater0.05%29%20by%20sampling%20depth%20or%20their%20interaction.%20The%20concentrations%20of%20Fe%2C%20Mn%2C%20Cu%2C%20and%20Zn%20in%20long-term%20moderately%20grazed%20pasture%20soil%20were%20127.9%2C%20194.8%2C%2054.8%2C%20and%2039%2C900%25%20higher%2C%20respectively%2C%20than%20ungrazed%20pasUire.%20Soil%20Fe%2C%20Mn%2C%20and%20Zn%20concentrations%20were%20significantly%20higher%20%28P%5C%5Ctextless.05%29%20in%20surface%20%280-10%20cm%29%20than%20subsurface%20%2810-20%20cm%29%20soils.%20Results%20suggest%20that%20the%20excreta%20of%20grazing%20cattle%20can%20be%20an%20important%20source%20of%20heavy%20metals%20in%20intensively%20managed%20pastures%20in%20the%20long-term.%20However%2C%20metal%20concentrations%20were%20maintained%20within%20the%20normal%20range%20and%20were%20not%20high%20enough%20to%20be%20dangerous%20from%20the%20toxicological%20point%20of%20view.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2212301485%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A58%3A58Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%223IJ6D6S4%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Allen%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAllen%2C%20C.%20D.%2C%20Macalady%2C%20A.%20K.%2C%20Chenchouni%2C%20H.%2C%20Bachelet%2C%20D.%2C%20Mcdowell%2C%20N.%2C%20Vennetier%2C%20M.%2C%20Kitzberger%2C%20T.%2C%20Rigling%2C%20A.%2C%20Breshears%2C%20D.%20D.%2C%20Hogg%2C%20T.%2C%20Gonzalez%2C%20P.%2C%20Fensham%2C%20R.%2C%20Zhang%2C%20Z.%2C%20Castro%2C%20J.%2C%20Demidova%2C%20N.%2C%20Lim%2C%20J.-H.%2C%20Allard%2C%20G.%2C%20Running%2C%20S.%20W.%2C%20Semerci%2C%20A.%2C%20%26%23×2026%3B%20Allen%2C%20C.%20D.%20%282010%29.%20A%20global%20overview%20of%20drought%20and%20heat-induced%20tree%20mortality%20reveals%20emerging%20climate%20change%20risks%20for%20forests.%20%3Ci%3EForest%20Ecology%20and%20Management%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E259%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20660%26%23×2013%3B684.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.foreco.2009.09.001%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.foreco.2009.09.001%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D3IJ6D6S4%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20global%20overview%20of%20drought%20and%20heat-induced%20tree%20mortality%20reveals%20emerging%20climate%20change%20risks%20for%20forests%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Craig%20D%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Allen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alison%20K%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Macalady%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Haroun%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chenchouni%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dominique%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bachelet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nate%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mcdowell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vennetier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thomas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kitzberger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andreas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rigling%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20D%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Breshears%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ted%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hogg%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Patrick%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gonzalez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rod%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fensham%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Zhen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zhang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jorge%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Castro%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Natalia%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Demidova%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jong-Hwan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lim%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gillian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Allard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Steven%20W%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Running%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Akkin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Semerci%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Neil%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cobb%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C%20D%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Allen%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Greenhouse%20gas%20emissions%20have%20significantly%20altered%20global%20climate%2C%20and%20will%20continue%20to%20do%20so%20in%20the%20future.%20Increases%20in%20the%20frequency%2C%20duration%2C%20and%5C%2For%20severity%20of%20drought%20and%20heat%20stress%20associated%20with%20climate%20change%20could%20fundamentally%20alter%20the%20composition%2C%20structure%2C%20and%20biogeography%20of%20forests%20in%20many%20regions.%20Of%20particular%20concern%20are%20potential%20increases%20in%20tree%20mortality%20associated%20with%20climate-induced%20physiological%20stress%20and%20interactions%20with%20other%20climate-mediated%20processes%20such%20as%20insect%20outbreaks%20and%20wildfire.%20Despite%20this%20risk%2C%20existing%20projections%20of%20tree%20mortality%20are%20based%20on%20models%20that%20lack%20functionally%20realistic%20mortality%20mechanisms%2C%20and%20there%20has%20been%20no%20attempt%20to%20track%20observations%20of%20climate-driven%20tree%20mortality%20globally.%20Here%20we%20present%20the%20first%20global%20assessment%20of%20recent%20tree%20mortality%20attributed%20to%20drought%20and%20heat%20stress.%20Although%20episodic%20mortality%20occurs%20in%20the%20absence%20of%20climate%20change%2C%20studies%20compiled%20here%20suggest%20that%20at%20least%20some%20of%20the%20world%27s%20forested%20ecosystems%20already%20may%20be%20responding%20to%20climate%20change%20and%20raise%20concern%20that%20forests%20may%20become%20increasingly%20vulnerable%20to%20higher%20background%20tree%20mortality%20rates%20and%20die-off%20in%20response%20to%20future%20warming%20and%20drought%2C%20even%20in%20environments%20that%20are%20not%20normally%20considered%20water-limited.%20This%20further%20suggests%20risks%20to%20ecosystem%20services%2C%20including%20the%20loss%20of%20sequestered%20forest%20carbon%20and%20associated%20atmospheric%20feedbacks.%20Our%20review%20also%20identifies%20key%20information%20gaps%20and%20scientific%20uncertainties%20that%20currently%20hinder%20our%20ability%20to%20predict%20tree%20mortality%20in%20response%20to%20climate%20change%20and%20emphasizes%20the%20need%20for%20a%20globally%20coordinated%20observation%20system.%20Overall%2C%20our%20review%20reveals%20the%20potential%20for%20amplified%20tree%20mortality%20due%20to%20drought%20and%20heat%20in%20forests%20worldwide.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.foreco.2009.09.001%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcals.arizona.edu%5C%2Fresearch%5C%2Fbreshears%5C%2FBreshears%20%7B%5C%5C%26%7D%20authors%20reprints%5C%2FAllen%20et%20al%20A%20Global%20Overview%202010.pdf%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A14%3A27Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22WZ6IYGAL%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Archibald%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EArchibald%2C%20S.%2C%20Scholes%2C%20R.%20J.%2C%20Roy%2C%20D.%20P.%2C%20Roberts%2C%20G.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Boschetti%2C%20L.%20%282010%29.%20Southern%20African%20fire%20regimes%20as%20revealed%20by%20remote%20sensing.%20%3Ci%3EInternational%20Journal%20of%20Wildland%20Fire%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E19%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%287%29%2C%20861%26%23×2013%3B878.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1071%5C%2FWF10008%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1071%5C%2FWF10008%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DWZ6IYGAL%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Southern%20African%20fire%20regimes%20as%20revealed%20by%20remote%20sensing%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Archibald%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Scholes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roy%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roberts%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Boschetti%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Here%20we%20integrate%20spatial%20information%20on%20annual%20burnt%20area%2C%20fire%20frequency%2C%20fire%20seasonality%2C%20fire%20radiative%20power%20and%20fire%20size%20distributions%20to%20produce%20an%20integrated%20picture%20of%20fire%20regimes%20in%20southern%20Africa.%20The%20regional%20patterns%20are%20related%20to%20gradients%20of%20environmental%20and%20human%20controls%20of%20fire%2C%20and%20compared%20with%20findings%20from%20other%20grass-fuelled%20fire%20systems%20on%20the%20globe.%20The%20fire%20regime%20differs%20across%20a%20gradient%20of%20human%20land%20use%20intensity%2C%20and%20can%20be%20explained%20by%20the%20differential%20effect%20of%20humans%20on%20ignition%20frequencies%20and%20fire%20spread.%20Contrary%20to%20findings%20in%20the%20savannas%20of%20Australia%2C%20there%20is%20no%20obvious%20increase%20in%20fire%20size%20or%20fire%20intensity%20from%20the%20early%20to%20the%20late%20fire%20season%20in%20southern%20Africa%2C%20presumably%20because%20patterns%20of%20fire%20ignition%20are%20very%20different.%20Similarly%2C%20the%20importance%20of%20very%20large%20fires%20in%20driving%20the%20total%20annual%20area%20burnt%20is%20not%20obvious%20in%20southern%20Africa.%20These%20results%20point%20to%20the%20substantial%20effect%20that%20human%20activities%20can%20have%20on%20fire%20in%20a%20system%20with%20high%20rural%20population%20densities%20and%20active%20fire%20management.%20Not%20all%20aspects%20of%20a%20fire%20regime%20are%20equally%20impacted%20by%20people%3A%20fire-return%20time%20and%20fire%20radiative%20power%20show%20less%20response%20to%20human%20activities%20than%20fire%20size%20and%20annual%20burned%20area.%20%5Cu00a9%202010%20IAWF.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1071%5C%2FWF10008%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2210498001%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A51%3A36Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22M566B63M%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Babanyara%20and%20Saleh%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010-07%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBabanyara%2C%20Y.%20Y.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Saleh%2C%20U.%20F.%20%282010%29.%20Urbanisation%20and%20the%20Choice%20of%20Fuel%20Wood%20as%20a%20Source%20of%20Energy%20in%20Nigeria.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Human%20Ecology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E31%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%2019%26%23×2013%3B26.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F09709274.2010.11906293%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F09709274.2010.11906293%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DM566B63M%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Urbanisation%20and%20the%20Choice%20of%20Fuel%20Wood%20as%20a%20Source%20of%20Energy%20in%20Nigeria%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Y.Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Babanyara%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22U.F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Saleh%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22AbstractThis%20paper%20discusses%20the%20problem%20of%20urbanization%20and%20fuel%20wood%20consumption%20in%20Nigeria%20and%20the%20main%20objective%20is%20to%20examine%20the%20causes%20and%20effects%20of%20degradation%20of%20the%20environment.%20Between%201990%20and%202000%2C%20Nigeria%20lost%20an%20average%20of%20409%2C700%20hectares%20of%20forest%2C%20equal%20to%20an%20average%20annual%20deforestation%20rate%20of%202.38%25.%20Additionally%2C%20between%202000%20and%202005%2C%20Nigeria%20lost%2035.7%25%20of%20its%20forest%20cover%2C%20or%20around%206%2C145%2C000%20hectares.%20The%20paper%20found%20that%20the%20factors%20causing%20fuel%20wood%20demand%20in%20urban%20areas%20include%2C%20Rural-urban%20migration%2C%20Urbanization%2C%20Poverty%2C%20Hikes%20in%20prices%20of%20kerosene%20and%20cooking%20gas%20amongst%20others.%20The%20paper%20relied%20mainly%20on%20secondary%20information%20from%20both%20empirical%20and%20non-empirical%20researches.%20Furthermore%2C%20the%20consequences%20of%20indiscriminate%20felling%20of%20trees%20such%20as%20Deforestation%2C%20Desertification%2C%20Erosion%20and%20Bio-diversity%20loss%20were%20highlighted.%20The%20Prospects%20of%20harnessing%20other%20renewable%20sources%20of%20energy%20in%20Nigeria%20as%20a%20measure%20to%20reduce%20the%20rate%20of%20consumption%20of%20fuel%20wood%20is%20recommended.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222010-07%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1080%5C%2F09709274.2010.11906293%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Ffull%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F09709274.2010.11906293%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A14%3A49Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22K77492BA%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Barrett%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBarrett%2C%20A.%20S.%2C%20Brown%2C%20L.%20R.%2C%20Barrett%2C%20L.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Henzi%2C%20P.%20%282010%29.%20A%20floristic%20description%20and%20utilisation%20of%20two%20home%20ranges%20by%20vervet%20monkeys%20in%20Loskop%20Dam%20Nature%20Reserve%2C%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EKoedoe%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E52%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%201%26%23×2013%3B12.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.4102%5C%2F%20koedoe.v52i1.990%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.4102%5C%2F%20koedoe.v52i1.990%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DK77492BA%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20floristic%20description%20and%20utilisation%20of%20two%20home%20ranges%20by%20vervet%20monkeys%20in%20Loskop%20Dam%20Nature%20Reserve%2C%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alan%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Barrett%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Leslie%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Brown%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Louise%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Barrett%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Henzi%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20plant%20communities%20occurring%20in%20the%20home%20ranges%20of%20two%20vervet%20monkey%20%28Chlorocebus%20aethiops%29%20troops%20%28referred%20to%20as%20the%20Donga%20and%20Picnic%20troops%29%20were%20investigated%20as%20part%20of%20a%20comprehensive%20research%20project%20on%20the%20spatial%20and%20temporal%20patterns%20in%20resource%20dispersion%20or%20distribution%20and%20range%20use.%20From%20two-way%20indicator%20species%20analysis%20%28TWINSPAN%29%20multivariate%20classifications%20refined%20by%20Braun-Blanquet%20procedures%2C%20seven%20plant%20communities%20that%20can%20be%20placed%20into%20three%20major%20groups%20were%20identified%20in%20the%20home%20range%20of%20the%20Donga%20troop%2C%20and%20eight%20plant%20communities%20that%20can%20be%20placed%20into%20four%20major%20groups%20were%20identified%20in%20the%20home%20range%20of%20the%20Picnic%20troop.%20Classifications%20and%20descriptions%20of%20the%20major%20groups%2C%20including%20vegetation%20maps%2C%20are%20presented.%20Diagnostic%20as%20well%20as%20prominent%20species%20of%20tree%2C%20shrub%2C%20forb%20and%20grass%20strata%20are%20outlined.%20Ordinations%20and%20floristic%20analyses%20were%20undertaken%20for%20the%20two%20home%20ranges%20to%20highlight%20vegetative%20differences%20between%20the%20areas.%20The%20phenology%20of%20vervet%20resources%20and%20the%20available%20resource%20energy%20were%20determined%20as%20a%20basis%20for%20the%20comprehensive%20study.%20Conservation%20implications%3A%20This%20vegetation%20description%20and%20phenology%20provide%20valuable%20information%20on%20the%20utilisation%20of%20home%20ranges%20by%20vervets%20and%20demonstrate%20how%20various%20management%20applications%20can%20affect%20the%20home%20range%20dependence%20of%20troops.%20%5Cu00a9%202010.%20The%20Authors.Licensee.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.4102%5C%2F%20koedoe.v52i1.990%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2220710771%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A48%3A56Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22U5PS8Z4A%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Belsky%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBelsky%2C%20A.%20A.%20J.%2C%20Mwonga%2C%20S.%20M.%2C%20Amundson%2C%20R.%20G.%2C%20Duxbury%2C%20J.%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Ali%2C%20A.%20R.%20%282010%29.%20Comparative%20Effects%20of%20Isolated%20Trees%20on%20Their%20Undercanopy%20Environments%20in%20High-%20and%20Low-%20Rainfall%20Savannas%20Published%20by%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20British%20Ecological%20Society%20Stable%20URL%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.jstor.org%5C%2Fstable%5C%2F2404278.%20%3Ci%3ESociety%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E30%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%20143%26%23×2013%3B155.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DU5PS8Z4A%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Comparative%20Effects%20of%20Isolated%20Trees%20on%20Their%20Undercanopy%20Environments%20in%20High-%20and%20Low-%20Rainfall%20Savannas%20Published%20by%20%3A%20British%20Ecological%20Society%20Stable%20URL%20%3A%20http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.jstor.org%5C%2Fstable%5C%2F2404278%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Author%20A%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Belsky%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S%20M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mwonga%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R%20G%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Amundson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J%20M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Duxbury%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A%20R%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ali%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A02%3A57Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ZMJDQAIB%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Billany%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBillany%2C%20W.%2C%20Swart%2C%20S.%2C%20Hermes%2C%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Reason%2C%20C.%20J.%20C.%20%282010%29.%20Variability%20of%20the%20Southern%20Ocean%20fronts%20at%20the%20Greenwich%20Meridian.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Marine%20Systems%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E82%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29%2C%20304%26%23×2013%3B310.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jmarsys.2010.06.005%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jmarsys.2010.06.005%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DZMJDQAIB%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Variability%20of%20the%20Southern%20Ocean%20fronts%20at%20the%20Greenwich%20Meridian%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Billany%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Swart%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hermes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.J.C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Reason%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Maps%20of%20Absolute%20Dynamic%20Topography%20%28MADT%29%20at%20the%20Greenwich%20Meridian%20are%20used%20to%20identify%20the%20locations%20and%20gradients%20of%20the%20various%20fronts%20in%20the%20Southern%20Ocean%20%28Subtropical%20Front%2C%20Sub-Antarctic%20Front%2C%20Antarctic%20Polar%20Front%2C%20Southern%20ACC%20Front%2C%20and%20Southern%20Boundary%20of%20the%20ACC%29.%20It%20is%20found%20that%20the%20frontal%20gradients%20in%20Sea%20Surface%20Height%20%28SSH%29%20used%20to%20determine%20these%20fronts%20are%20consistent%20with%20those%20determined%20from%20hydrographic%20data.%20A%20strong%20relationship%20was%20found%20to%20exist%20between%20the%20position%20of%20all%20the%20fronts%20and%20the%20gradients%20of%20SSH%20except%20for%20the%20Southern%20Boundary%20%28SBdy%29%20front.%20Substantial%20seasonality%20and%20interannual%20variability%20in%20the%20frontal%20positions%20is%20found.%20All%20the%20fronts%20except%20the%20Antarctic%20Polar%20Front%20%28APF%29%20show%20a%20poleward%20tendency%20in%20position%20over%20the%20last%2015-years.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%229%5C%2F2010%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.jmarsys.2010.06.005%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2209247963%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%5C%2Fretrieve%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0924796310001168%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BGDWYJZJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-04-13T19%3A02%3A53Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22Z8ZW4KGQ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Blignaut%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBlignaut%2C%20J.%2C%20Mander%2C%20M.%2C%20Schulze%2C%20R.%2C%20Horan%2C%20M.%2C%20Dickens%2C%20C.%2C%20Pringle%2C%20C.%2C%20Mavundla%2C%20K.%2C%20Mahlangu%2C%20I.%2C%20Wilson%2C%20A.%2C%20McKenzie%2C%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20McKean%2C%20S.%20%282010%29.%20Restoring%20and%20managing%20natural%20capital%20towards%20fostering%20economic%20development%3A%20Evidence%20from%20the%20Drakensberg%2C%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EEcological%20Economics%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E69%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%286%29%2C%201313%26%23×2013%3B1323.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.ecolecon.2010.01.007%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.ecolecon.2010.01.007%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DZ8ZW4KGQ%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Restoring%20and%20managing%20natural%20capital%20towards%20fostering%20economic%20development%3A%20Evidence%20from%20the%20Drakensberg%2C%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22James%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Blignaut%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Myles%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mander%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Roland%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schulze%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mark%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Horan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chris%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dickens%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Catherine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pringle%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Khulile%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mavundla%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Isaiah%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mahlangu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adrian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wilson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Margaret%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McKenzie%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Steve%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McKean%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Can%20a%20payment%20for%20flows%20of%20ecosystem%20goods%20and%20services%20system%2C%20following%20appropriate%20management%20and%20restoration%20of%20natural%20capital%20produced%20in%20rural%20areas%20of%20a%20developing%20country%2C%20be%20developed%20in%20a%20way%20that%20benefits%20communities%2C%20the%20commercial%20sector%20and%20the%20environment%3F%20This%20fundamental%20question%20acts%20as%20rationale%20for%20conducting%20an%20in-depth%20assessment%20as%20to%20whether%20the%20development%20of%20markets%20for%20ecosystems%20is%20both%20appropriate%20and%20sufficient%20when%20dealing%20with%20the%20restoration%20of%20natural%20capital%20of%20two%20degraded%20study%20areas%20within%20the%20Maloti-Drakensberg%20mountain%20range%20in%20southern%20Africa%2C%20which%20is%20a%20fire-prone%20grasslands%20ecosystem.%20The%20mountain%20range%20is%20South%20Africa%27s%20most%20strategic%20source%20of%20fresh%20water.%20While%20occupying%20less%20than%205%25%20of%20South%20Africa%27s%20surface%20area%2C%20it%20produces%2025%25%20of%20the%20country%27s%20runoff%20through%20rivers%2C%20major%20dams%2C%20and%20national%20and%20international%20inter-basin%20transfers.%20Addressing%20the%20question%2C%20the%20study%20develops%20an%20integrated%20hydrology-ecology-economic%20model%20based%20on%20the%20functional%20relationships%20between%20these%20three%20aspects%20in%20managing%20and%20restoring%20the%20natural%20capital%20of%20the%20two%20study%20areas.%20It%20was%20found%20that%20the%20benefits%20of%20introducing%20improved%20management%20practices%20exceeds%20cost%20in%20low%20to%20medium%20degraded%20quinaries%2C%20but%20not%20in%20heavily%20degraded%20quinaries.%20The%20economic%20return%20on%20the%20water%20%28baseflow%29%20produced%20by%20such%20a%20system%20of%20improved%20land%20use%20management%2C%20however%2C%20far%20exceeds%20that%20of%20conventional%20%28construction-based%29%20water%20development%20programmes%20and%20offers%20meaningful%20economic%20and%20market%20development%20opportunities.%20%5Cu00a9%202010%20Elsevier%20B.V.%20All%20rights%20reserved.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.ecolecon.2010.01.007%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2209218009%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.ecolecon.2010.01.007%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A48%3A51Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22MSEHB6UM%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bond%20and%20Parr%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBond%2C%20W.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Parr%2C%20C.%20L.%20%282010%29.%20Beyond%20the%20forest%20edge%3A%20Ecology%2C%20diversity%20and%20conservation%20of%20the%20grassy%20biomes.%20%3Ci%3EBiological%20Conservation%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E143%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2810%29%2C%202395%26%23×2013%3B2404.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.biocon.2009.12.012%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.biocon.2009.12.012%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DMSEHB6UM%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Beyond%20the%20forest%20edge%3A%20Ecology%2C%20diversity%20and%20conservation%20of%20the%20grassy%20biomes%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bond%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Catherine%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Parr%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Forests%20and%20grassy%20vegetation%20%28savannas%20and%20grasslands%29%20are%20alternative%20ecosystem%20states%20in%20many%20tropical%20landscapes.%20Relative%20to%20forests%20the%20grassy%20ecosystems%20are%20poorly%20known%20and%20poorly%20conserved%2C%20partly%20because%20they%20were%20thought%20to%20be%20products%20of%20forest%20clearance.%20However%20many%20grasslands%20have%20proved%20to%20be%20ancient.%20Commensurate%20with%20their%20antiquity%2C%20grassy%20biomes%20have%20distinct%20suites%20of%20plant%20and%20animal%20species%20that%20contribute%20a%20large%20fraction%20of%20the%20diversity%20of%20forest-grassland%20mosaics.%20Grasslands%20differ%20strikingly%20from%20forests%20in%20their%20ecology%20and%20in%20the%20nature%20of%20threats%20to%20their%20future.%20Here%20we%20highlight%20the%20high%20biodiversity%20value%20of%20grassy%20biomes%20and%2C%20in%20contrast%20to%20tropical%20forests%2C%20we%20illustrate%20the%20importance%20of%20fire%20in%20maintaining%20these%20systems.%20We%20discuss%20the%20major%20threats%20to%2C%20and%20consequences%20for%2C%20biodiversity%20in%20these%20regions%20including%20land%20clearance%20and%20elevated%20CO2-driven%20forest%20expansion.%20Finally%20we%20focus%20on%20the%20difficulties%20of%20grassland%20restoration.%20A%20new%20approach%20to%20understanding%20and%20conserving%20grassy%20ecosystems%2C%20free%20from%20cultural%20prejudices%20of%20the%20past%2C%20is%20long%20overdue.%20%5Cu00a9%202009%20Elsevier%20Ltd.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.biocon.2009.12.012%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2200063207%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.biocon.2009.12.012%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A58%3A27Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22R3YFAUKF%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Boundja%20and%20Midgley%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBoundja%2C%20R.%20P.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Midgley%2C%20J.%20J.%20%282010%29.%20Patterns%20of%20elephant%20impact%20on%20woody%20plants%20in%20the%20Hluhluwe-Imfolozi%20park%2C%20Kwazulu-Natal%2C%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EAfrican%20Journal%20of%20Ecology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E48%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%20206%26%23×2013%3B214.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1365-2028.2009.01104.x%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1365-2028.2009.01104.x%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DR3YFAUKF%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Patterns%20of%20elephant%20impact%20on%20woody%20plants%20in%20the%20Hluhluwe-Imfolozi%20park%2C%20Kwazulu-Natal%2C%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Roger%20Patrick%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Boundja%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jeremy%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Midgley%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20study%20identifies%20patterns%20of%20elephant%20Loxodonta%20africana%20africana%20impacts%20upon%20tree%20species%20and%20woody%20plant%20communities%20in%20Hluhluwe-Imfolozi%20Park%2C%20a%20South%20African%20savannahs%5C%2Fwoodlands%20area.%20Elephants%20were%20reintroduced%20there%20from%201981%2C%20following%20more%20than%2080%20years%20of%20absence.%20Data%20were%20collected%20in%202003%20on%20elephant%20impact%20on%20woodland%20in%20the%20Park.%20Different%20vegetation%20types%20were%20susceptible%20to%20different%20types%20and%20levels%20of%20damage%20by%20elephants%2C%20suggesting%20that%20elephants%20will%20not%20homogenize%20the%20vegetation.%20Elephants%20targeted%20larger%20stems%20for%20all%20types%20of%20damage%2C%20with%20a%20strong%20preference%20for%20some%20of%20the%20less%20abundant%20species%20such%20as%20Albizia%20versicolor%20%28breaking%20and%20toppling%29%20and%20Cordia%20caffra%20and%20Schotia%20brachypetala%20%28debarking%29.%20Elephant%20impacts%20tended%20to%20be%20distributed%20evenly%20across%20the%20park%20landscape%2C%20irrespective%20of%20stem%20density%20or%20proximity%20to%20permanent%20water.%20Overall%2C%20elephants%20have%20little%20impact%20on%20slowing%20or%20reversing%20the%20spread%20of%20undesirable%20woody%20species%2C%20but%20are%20having%20a%20marked%20impact%20on%20certain%20less%20common%20tree%20species%20and%20larger%20tree%20size-classes%20in%20the%20Hluhluwe-Imfolozi%20Park.%20%5Cu00a9%202009%20The%20Authors.%20Journal%20compilation%20%5Cu00a9%202009%20Blackwell%20Publishing%20Ltd.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fj.1365-2028.2009.01104.x%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2201416707%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A45%3A27Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22JDUFR7R8%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bradshaw%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBradshaw%2C%20C.%20J.%20A.%2C%20Brook%2C%20B.%20W.%2C%20Gardner%2C%20T.%20A.%2C%20Bickford%2C%20D.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Whiteman%2C%20N.%20K.%20%282010%29.%20The%20conservation%20biologist%26%23×2019%3Bs%20toolbox%20-%20principles%20for%20the%20design%20and%20analysis%20of%20conservation%20studies.%20%3Ci%3EConservation%20Biology%20for%20All%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1093%5C%2Facprof%3Aoso%5C%2F9780199554232.003.0017%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1093%5C%2Facprof%3Aoso%5C%2F9780199554232.003.0017%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DJDUFR7R8%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20conservation%20biologist%27s%20toolbox%20-%20principles%20for%20the%20design%20and%20analysis%20of%20conservation%20studies%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Corey%20J.A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bradshaw%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Barry%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Brook%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Toby%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gardner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bickford%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Noah%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Whiteman%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22In%20this%20chapter%2C%20Corey%20J.%20A.%20Bradshaw%20and%20Barry%20W.%20Brook%2C%20discuss%20measures%20of%20biodiversity%20patterns%20followed%20by%20an%20overview%20of%20experimental%20design%20and%20associated%20statistical%20paradigms.%20Conservation%20biology%20is%20a%20highly%20multidisciplinary%20science%20employing%20methods%20from%20ecology%2C%20Earth%20systems%20science%2C%20genetics%2C%20physiology%2C%20veterinary%20science%2C%20medicine%2C%20mathematics%2C%20climatology%2C%20anthropology%2C%20psychology%2C%20sociology%2C%20environmental%20policy%2C%20geography%2C%20political%20science%2C%20and%20resource%20management.%20Here%20we%20focus%20primarily%20on%20ecological%20methods%20and%20experimental%20design.%20It%20is%20impossible%20to%20census%20all%20species%20in%20an%20ecosystem%2C%20so%20many%20different%20measures%20exist%20to%20compare%20biodiversity%3A%20these%20include%20indices%20such%20as%20species%20richness%2C%20Simpson%27s%20diversity%2C%20Shannon%27s%20index%20and%20Brouillin%27s%20index.%20Many%20variants%20of%20these%20indices%20exist.%20The%20scale%20of%20biodiversity%20patterns%20is%20important%20to%20consider%20for%20biodiversity%20comparisons%3A%20%5Cu03b1%20%28local%29%2C%20%5Cu03b2%20%28between-site%29%2C%20and%20%5Cu03b3%20%28regional%20or%20continental%29%20diversity.%20Often%20surrogate%20species%20-%20the%20number%2C%20distribution%20or%20pattern%20of%20species%20in%20a%20particular%20taxon%20in%20a%20particular%20area%20thought%20to%20indicate%20a%20much%20wider%20array%20of%20taxa%20-%20are%20required%20to%20simplify%20biodiversity%20assessments.%20Many%20similarity%2C%20dissimilarity%2C%20clustering%2C%20and%20multivariate%20techniques%20are%20available%20to%20compare%20biodiversity%20indices%20among%20sites.%20Conservation%20biology%20rarely%20uses%20completely%20manipulative%20experimental%20designs%20%28although%20there%20are%20exceptions%29%2C%20with%20mensurative%20%28based%20on%20existing%20environmental%20gradients%29%20and%20observational%20studies%20dominating.%20Two%20main%20statistical%20paradigms%20exist%20for%20comparing%20biodiversity%3A%20null%20hypothesis%20testing%20and%20multiple%20working%20hypotheses%20-%20the%20latter%20paradigm%20is%20more%20consistent%20with%20the%20constraints%20typical%20of%20conservation%20data%20and%20so%20should%20be%20invoked%20when%20possible.%20Bayesian%20inferential%20methods%20generally%20provide%20more%20certainty%20when%20prior%20data%20exist.%20Large%20sample%20sizes%2C%20appropriate%20replication%20and%20randomization%20are%20cornerstone%20concepts%20in%20all%20conservation%20experiments.%20Simple%20relative%20abundance%20time%20series%20%28sequential%20counts%20of%20individuals%29%20can%20be%20used%20to%20infer%20more%20complex%20ecological%20mechanisms%20that%20permit%20the%20estimation%20of%20extinction%20risk%2C%20population%20trends%2C%20and%20intrinsic%20feedbacks.%20The%20risk%20of%20a%20species%20going%20extinct%20or%20becoming%20invasive%20can%20be%20predicted%20using%20cross-taxonomic%20comparisons%20of%20life%20history%20traits.%20Population%20viability%20analyses%20are%20essential%20tools%20to%20estimate%20extinction%20risk%20over%20defined%20periods%20and%20under%20particular%20management%20interventions.%20Many%20methods%20exist%20to%20implement%20these%2C%20including%20count-based%2C%20demographic%2C%20metapopulation%2C%20and%20genetic.%20Many%20tools%20exist%20to%20examine%20how%20genetics%20affects%20extinction%20risk%2C%20of%20which%20perhaps%20the%20measurement%20of%20inbreeding%20depression%2C%20gene%20flow%20among%20populations%2C%20and%20the%20loss%20of%20genetic%20diversity%20with%20habitat%20degradation%20are%20the%20most%20important.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1093%5C%2Facprof%3Aoso%5C%2F9780199554232.003.0017%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A49%3A40Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22DQ4SNSLR%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bradshaw%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBradshaw%2C%20C.%20J.%20A.%2C%20Brook%2C%20B.%20W.%2C%20Gardner%2C%20T.%20A.%2C%20Bickford%2C%20D.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Whiteman%2C%20N.%20K.%20%282010%29.%20The%20conservation%20biologist%26%23×2019%3Bs%20toolbox%20-%20principles%20for%20the%20design%20and%20analysis%20of%20conservation%20studies.%20%3Ci%3EConservation%20Biology%20for%20All%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1093%5C%2Facprof%3Aoso%5C%2F9780199554232.003.0017%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1093%5C%2Facprof%3Aoso%5C%2F9780199554232.003.0017%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DDQ4SNSLR%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20conservation%20biologist%27s%20toolbox%20-%20principles%20for%20the%20design%20and%20analysis%20of%20conservation%20studies%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Corey%20J.A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bradshaw%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Barry%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Brook%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Toby%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gardner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bickford%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Noah%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Whiteman%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22In%20this%20chapter%2C%20Corey%20J.%20A.%20Bradshaw%20and%20Barry%20W.%20Brook%2C%20discuss%20measures%20of%20biodiversity%20patterns%20followed%20by%20an%20overview%20of%20experimental%20design%20and%20associated%20statistical%20paradigms.%20Conservation%20biology%20is%20a%20highly%20multidisciplinary%20science%20employing%20methods%20from%20ecology%2C%20Earth%20systems%20science%2C%20genetics%2C%20physiology%2C%20veterinary%20science%2C%20medicine%2C%20mathematics%2C%20climatology%2C%20anthropology%2C%20psychology%2C%20sociology%2C%20environmental%20policy%2C%20geography%2C%20political%20science%2C%20and%20resource%20management.%20Here%20we%20focus%20primarily%20on%20ecological%20methods%20and%20experimental%20design.%20It%20is%20impossible%20to%20census%20all%20species%20in%20an%20ecosystem%2C%20so%20many%20different%20measures%20exist%20to%20compare%20biodiversity%3A%20these%20include%20indices%20such%20as%20species%20richness%2C%20Simpson%27s%20diversity%2C%20Shannon%27s%20index%20and%20Brouillin%27s%20index.%20Many%20variants%20of%20these%20indices%20exist.%20The%20scale%20of%20biodiversity%20patterns%20is%20important%20to%20consider%20for%20biodiversity%20comparisons%3A%20%5Cu03b1%20%28local%29%2C%20%5Cu03b2%20%28between-site%29%2C%20and%20%5Cu03b3%20%28regional%20or%20continental%29%20diversity.%20Often%20surrogate%20species%20-%20the%20number%2C%20distribution%20or%20pattern%20of%20species%20in%20a%20particular%20taxon%20in%20a%20particular%20area%20thought%20to%20indicate%20a%20much%20wider%20array%20of%20taxa%20-%20are%20required%20to%20simplify%20biodiversity%20assessments.%20Many%20similarity%2C%20dissimilarity%2C%20clustering%2C%20and%20multivariate%20techniques%20are%20available%20to%20compare%20biodiversity%20indices%20among%20sites.%20Conservation%20biology%20rarely%20uses%20completely%20manipulative%20experimental%20designs%20%28although%20there%20are%20exceptions%29%2C%20with%20mensurative%20%28based%20on%20existing%20environmental%20gradients%29%20and%20observational%20studies%20dominating.%20Two%20main%20statistical%20paradigms%20exist%20for%20comparing%20biodiversity%3A%20null%20hypothesis%20testing%20and%20multiple%20working%20hypotheses%20-%20the%20latter%20paradigm%20is%20more%20consistent%20with%20the%20constraints%20typical%20of%20conservation%20data%20and%20so%20should%20be%20invoked%20when%20possible.%20Bayesian%20inferential%20methods%20generally%20provide%20more%20certainty%20when%20prior%20data%20exist.%20Large%20sample%20sizes%2C%20appropriate%20replication%20and%20randomization%20are%20cornerstone%20concepts%20in%20all%20conservation%20experiments.%20Simple%20relative%20abundance%20time%20series%20%28sequential%20counts%20of%20individuals%29%20can%20be%20used%20to%20infer%20more%20complex%20ecological%20mechanisms%20that%20permit%20the%20estimation%20of%20extinction%20risk%2C%20population%20trends%2C%20and%20intrinsic%20feedbacks.%20The%20risk%20of%20a%20species%20going%20extinct%20or%20becoming%20invasive%20can%20be%20predicted%20using%20cross-taxonomic%20comparisons%20of%20life%20history%20traits.%20Population%20viability%20analyses%20are%20essential%20tools%20to%20estimate%20extinction%20risk%20over%20defined%20periods%20and%20under%20particular%20management%20interventions.%20Many%20methods%20exist%20to%20implement%20these%2C%20including%20count-based%2C%20demographic%2C%20metapopulation%2C%20and%20genetic.%20Many%20tools%20exist%20to%20examine%20how%20genetics%20affects%20extinction%20risk%2C%20of%20which%20perhaps%20the%20measurement%20of%20inbreeding%20depression%2C%20gene%20flow%20among%20populations%2C%20and%20the%20loss%20of%20genetic%20diversity%20with%20habitat%20degradation%20are%20the%20most%20important.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1093%5C%2Facprof%3Aoso%5C%2F9780199554232.003.0017%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A51%3A33Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22IGJ7KXZT%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Braschler%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBraschler%2C%20B.%2C%20Mahood%2C%20K.%2C%20Karenyi%2C%20N.%2C%20Gaston%2C%20K.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Chown%2C%20S.%20L.%20%282010%29.%20Realizing%20a%20synergy%20between%20research%20and%20education%3A%20How%20participation%20in%20ant%20monitoring%20helps%20raise%20biodiversity%20awareness%20in%20a%20resource-poor%20country.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Insect%20Conservation%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E14%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%2019%26%23×2013%3B30.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs10841-009-9221-6%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs10841-009-9221-6%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DIGJ7KXZT%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Realizing%20a%20synergy%20between%20research%20and%20education%3A%20How%20participation%20in%20ant%20monitoring%20helps%20raise%20biodiversity%20awareness%20in%20a%20resource-poor%20country%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Brigitte%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Braschler%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kirsten%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mahood%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Natasha%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Karenyi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kevin%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gaston%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Steven%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chown%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Biodiversity-rich%2C%20resource-poor%20countries%20need%20to%20allocate%20scarce%20resources%20to%20the%20competing%20goals%20of%20identifying%20and%20monitoring%20their%20biodiversity%20and%20educating%20their%20populace%20about%20it.%20Often%20only%20relatively%20wealthy%20individuals%20participate%20in%20biodiversity-related%20volunteering%2C%20while%20the%20poor%20are%20left%20on%20the%20margins.%20We%20present%20a%20case%20study%20that%20shows%20how%20monitoring%20and%20education%20can%20be%20combined.%20South%20African%20high%20school%20scholars%20from%20mostly%20disadvantaged%20communities%20participated%20in%20ant%20monitoring%20in%20transformed%20sites%20and%20received%20lessons%20using%20their%20own%20data.%20The%20project%20provides%20baseline%20data%20on%20an%20important%20insect%20group%20in%20a%20region%20where%20invertebrate%20monitoring%20is%20rare.%20Participation%20in%20a%20real%20study%20enhances%20the%20scholars%27%20interest%20in%20science%20and%20direct%20interaction%20with%20scientists%20allows%20them%20to%20enquire%20about%20careers%20they%20might%20not%20otherwise%20consider.%20Here%20we%20outline%20how%20the%20project%20works%2C%20what%20participants%20learnt%2C%20and%20demonstrate%20that%20the%20data%20provide%20insights%20into%20ant%20diversity%20and%20the%20effects%20of%20landscape%20transformation.%20%5Cu00a9%20Springer%20Science%2BBusiness%20Media%20B.V.%202009.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs10841-009-9221-6%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221366638X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A51%3A31Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22YEVBFFCI%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Butchart%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EButchart%2C%20S.%20H.%20M.%2C%20Walpole%2C%20M.%2C%20Collen%2C%20B.%2C%20van%20Strien%2C%20A.%2C%20Scharleman%2C%20J.%20P.%20W.%2C%20Almond%2C%20R.%20E.%20A.%2C%20Baillie%2C%20J.%20E.%20M.%2C%20Bomhard%2C%20B.%2C%20Brown%2C%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Bruno%2C%20J.%20%282010%29.%20Global%20biodiversity%20decline%20continues.%20%3Ci%3EScience%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E328%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%201164%26%23×2013%3B1168.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DYEVBFFCI%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Global%20biodiversity%20decline%20continues%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S%20H%20M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Butchart%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Walpole%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Collen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22van%20Strien%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J%20P%20W%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Scharleman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R%20E%20A%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Almond%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J%20E%20M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Baillie%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bomhard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Brown%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bruno%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A51%3A28Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22L6SUVU6L%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Carruthers%20and%20Robin%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECarruthers%2C%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Robin%2C%20L.%20%282010%29.%20Taxonomic%20imperialism%20in%20the%20battles%20for%20Acacia%3A%20Identity%20and%20science%20in%20South%20Africa%20and%20Australia.%20%3Ci%3ETransactions%20of%20the%20Royal%20Society%20of%20South%20Africa%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E65%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%2048%26%23×2013%3B64.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F00359191003652066%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F00359191003652066%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DL6SUVU6L%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Taxonomic%20imperialism%20in%20the%20battles%20for%20Acacia%3A%20Identity%20and%20science%20in%20South%20Africa%20and%20Australia%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jane%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Carruthers%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Libby%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Robin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20review%20analyses%20the%20retypification%20of%20Acacia%20Mill.%20by%20the%20International%20Botanical%20Congress%20in%202005%2C%20from%20an%20African%20type%20to%20an%20Australian%20one.%20It%20explores%20the%20cultural%2C%20historical%20and%20trans-national%20context%20of%20what%20proved%20much%20more%20than%20a%20routine%20scientific%20decision.%20It%20contributes%20to%20a%20growing%20critique%20of%20historian%20Alfred%20Crosby%27s%20thesis%20Ecological%20Imperialism%2C%20and%20provides%20a%20historical%20review%20of%20the%20ecological%20literature%20leading%20to%20the%20discipline%20of%20invasion%20biology%20in%20South%20Africa%2C%20Australia%20and%20elsewhere%2C%20particularly%20the%20work%20of%20Charles%20Elton.%20The%20aim%20of%20the%20article%20is%20to%20narrow%20the%20gap%20between%20the%20historically%20ecological%20and%20the%20ecologically%20historical%20literature%20through%20a%20closely%20worked%20case%20study%20that%20reveals%20the%20role%20of%20national%20identity%20in%20even%20the%20most%20arcane%20and%20international%20science.%20The%20history%20of%20the%20%5Cu2018wattle%20wars%27%20%28or%20the%20%5Cu2018battle%20for%20Acacia%27%29%20in%20Australia%2C%20South%20Africa%20and%20the%20rest%20of%20the%20world%20reveals%20a%20need%20for%20a%20new%20literacy%20in%20both%20culture%20and%20nature%20and%20increasingly%20sophisticated%20conversations%20between%20C.P.%20Snow%27s%20%5Cu2018Two%20Cultures%27.%20%5Cu00a9%202010%20Taylor%20%26%20Francis%20Group%2C%20LLC.%20All%20rights%20reserved.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1080%5C%2F00359191003652066%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220035919X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A49%3A22Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2258W8W3DY%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Chambers%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EChambers%2C%20E.%20A.%2C%20Chambers%2C%20E.%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Louis%2C%20S.%20%282010%29.%20%3Ci%3EWith%20Introduction%20Articles%20From%20to%20The%20of%20Educational%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ci%3E98%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%2035%26%23×2013%3B44.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D58W8W3DY%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22With%20Introduction%20Articles%20From%20to%20The%20of%20Educational%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elisha%20A%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chambers%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elisha%20A%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chambers%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22St%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Louis%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A03%3A36Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22V3AG5QLM%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Chaplot%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EChaplot%2C%20V.%2C%20Brown%2C%20J.%2C%20Dlamini%2C%20P.%2C%20Eustice%2C%20T.%2C%20Janeau%2C%20J.%2C%20Jewitt%2C%20G.%2C%20Lorentz%2C%20S.%2C%20Martin%2C%20L.%2C%20Nontokozo-mchunu%2C%20C.%2C%20Oakes%2C%20E.%2C%20Podwojewski%2C%20P.%2C%20Revil%2C%20S.%2C%20Rumpel%2C%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Zondi%2C%20N.%20%282010%29.%20Rainfall%20simulation%20to%20identify%20the%20storm-scale%20mechanisms%20of%20gully%20bank%20retreat.%20%3Ci%3EAgricultural%20Water%20Management%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.agwat.2010.05.016%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.agwat.2010.05.016%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DV3AG5QLM%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Rainfall%20simulation%20to%20identify%20the%20storm-scale%20mechanisms%20of%20gully%20bank%20retreat%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Vincent%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chaplot%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jacqueline%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Brown%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Phesheya%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dlamini%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tarryn%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Eustice%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean-louis%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Janeau%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Graham%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jewitt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Simon%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lorentz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lauren%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Martin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Charmaine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nontokozo-mchunu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ernest%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Oakes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pascal%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Podwojewski%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sylvain%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Revil%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cornelia%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rumpel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nhlakanipho%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zondi%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.agwat.2010.05.016%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220378-3774%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.agwat.2010.05.016%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A01%3A34Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%222UXJ8QCD%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Child%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EChild%2C%20M.%20F.%2C%20Milton%2C%20S.%20J.%2C%20Dean%2C%20R.%20W.%20J.%2C%20Lipsey%2C%20M.%20K.%2C%20Puttick%2C%20J.%2C%20Hempson%2C%20T.%20N.%2C%20Mann%2C%20G.%20K.%2C%20Babiker%2C%20H.%2C%20Chaudrey%2C%20J.%2C%20Humphrey%2C%20G.%2C%20Joseph%2C%20G.%2C%20Okes%2C%20N.%20C.%2C%20Potts%2C%20R.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Wistebaar%2C%20T.%20%282010%29.%20Tree-grass%20coexistence%20in%20a%20flood-disturbed%2C%20semi-arid%20savanna%20system.%20%3Ci%3ELandscape%20Ecology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E25%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20315%26%23×2013%3B326.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs10980-009-9409-x%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs10980-009-9409-x%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D2UXJ8QCD%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Tree-grass%20coexistence%20in%20a%20flood-disturbed%2C%20semi-arid%20savanna%20system%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Matthew%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Child%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sue%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Milton%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Richard%20W.J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dean%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marisa%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lipsey%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22James%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Puttick%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tessa%20N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hempson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gareth%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hassan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Babiker%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jamshed%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chaudrey%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Glynis%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Humphrey%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Grant%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Joseph%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicola%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Okes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Reda%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Potts%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thuli%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wistebaar%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20coexistence%20of%20trees%20and%20grasses%20in%20savanna%20ecosystems%20is%20a%20contentious%20phenomenon.%20Fire%20and%20herbivory%20disturbances%20are%20often%20cited%20as%20major%20structuring%20forces%20that%20create%20a%20sustainable%20tree-grass%20relationship.%20However%2C%20periodic%20flooding%20of%20savanna%20patches%20may%20also%20enable%20coexistence.%20The%20aim%20of%20this%20study%20was%20to%20investigate%20the%20effects%20of%20flood-disturbance%20on%20the%20recruitment%20patterns%20of%20Acacia%20karroo%20trees%20in%20a%20semi-arid%20savanna%20system%20in%20South%20Africa.%20We%20analysed%20the%20spatial%20coincidence%20of%20A.%20karroo%20seedlings%20with%20tussocks%20of%20the%20tall%20spiny%20grass%20Stipagrostis%20namaquensis%20in%20the%20riverbed%20and%20related%20herbivory%20intensity%20to%20spatial%20position.%20The%20data%20showed%20that%20A.%20karroo%20seedlings%20were%20significantly%20positively%20associated%20with%20S.%20namaquensis%20%28Chi-square%20test%2C%20X12%20n%20%3D%20118%2C%20P%20%5C%5Ctextless%200.001%29%3B%20A.%20karroo%20seedlings%20growing%20inside%20of%20tussocks%20experienced%20less%20browsing%20pressure%20than%20those%20growing%20in%20the%20floodplain%20%28Kruskal-Wallis%20test%2C%20H%20%3D%2011.90%2C%20n%20%3D%20118%2C%20P%20%5C%5Ctextless%200.01%29%3B%20and%20recruitment%20success%20of%20A.%20karroo%20trees%20was%20spatially%20discrete%20%28K-S%20test%2C%20D%20%3D%200.78%2C%20n%20%3D%20196%2C%20P%20%5C%5Ctextless%200.01%29.%20We%20suggest%20that%20floods%20create%20an%20enemy-free%20zone%2C%20which%20S.%20namaquensis%20colonises%20and%20then%20facilitates%20successful%20A.%20karroo%20establishment.%20High%20levels%20of%20A.%20karroo%20recruitment%20in%20the%20riverbed%20may%20replenish%20the%20woodlands%20fringing%20the%20river%2C%20which%20appear%20to%20be%20sink%20areas%20for%20A.%20karroo%20seedlings.%20Thus%2C%20the%20interaction%20between%20disturbances%20at%20different%20spatial%20and%20temporal%20scales%20%28flooding%20versus%20herbivory%29%20seems%20to%20maintain%20the%20inherently%20unstable%20coexistence%20of%20tree%20and%20grass%20species%20in%20this%20ecosystem.%20These%20findings%20also%20suggested%20that%20flood%20disturbances%20alter%20the%20tree-grass%20relationship.%20%5Cu00a9%20Springer%20Science%2BBusiness%20Media%20B.V.%202009.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs10980-009-9409-x%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2215729761%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A42%3A18Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22VTCDCIDS%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Chown%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EChown%2C%20S.%20L.%20%282010%29.%20Temporal%20biodiversity%20change%20in%20transformed%20landscapes%3A%20A%20southern%20African%20perspective.%20%3Ci%3EPhilosophical%20Transactions%20of%20the%20Royal%20Society%20B%3A%20Biological%20Sciences%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E365%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281558%29%2C%203729%26%23×2013%3B3742.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1098%5C%2Frstb.2010.0274%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1098%5C%2Frstb.2010.0274%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DVTCDCIDS%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Temporal%20biodiversity%20change%20in%20transformed%20landscapes%3A%20A%20southern%20African%20perspective%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Steven%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chown%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Landscape%20transformation%20by%20humans%20is%20virtually%20ubiquitous%2C%20with%20several%20suggestions%20being%20made%20that%20the%20world%27s%20biomes%20should%20now%20be%20classified%20according%20to%20the%20extent%20and%20nature%20of%20this%20transformation.%20Even%20those%20areas%20that%20are%20thought%20to%20have%20a%20relatively%20limited%20human%20footprint%20have%20experienced%20substantial%20biodiversity%20change.%20This%20is%20true%20of%20both%20marine%20and%20terrestrial%20systems%20of%20southern%20Africa%2C%20a%20region%20of%20high%20biodiversity%20and%20including%20several%20large%20conservation%20areas.%20Global%20change%20drivers%20have%20had%20substantial%20effects%20across%20many%20levels%20of%20the%20biological%20hierarchy%20as%20is%20demonstrated%20in%20this%20review%2C%20which%20focuses%20on%20terrestrial%20systems.%20Interactions%20among%20drivers%2C%20such%20as%20between%20climate%20change%20and%20invasion%2C%20and%20between%20changing%20fire%20regimes%20and%20invasion%2C%20are%20complicating%20attribution%20of%20change%20effects%20and%20management%20thereof.%20Likewise%20CO2%20fertilization%20is%20having%20a%20much%20larger%20impact%20on%20terrestrial%20systems%20than%20perhaps%20commonly%20acknowledged.%20Temporal%20changes%20in%20biodiversity%2C%20and%20the%20seeming%20failure%20of%20institutional%20attempts%20to%20address%20them%2C%20underline%20a%20growing%20polarization%20of%20world%20views%2C%20which%20is%20hampering%20efforts%20to%20address%20urgent%20conservation%20needs.%20This%20journal%20is%20%5Cu00a9%202010%20The%20Royal%20Society.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1098%5C%2Frstb.2010.0274%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2214712970%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A53%3A07Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22JHSQY5ZI%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Coetsee%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECoetsee%2C%20C.%2C%20Bond%2C%20W.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20February%2C%20E.%20C.%20%282010%29.%20Frequent%20fire%20affects%20soil%20nitrogen%20and%20carbon%20in%20an%20African%20savanna%20by%20changing%20woody%20cover.%20%3Ci%3EOecologia%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E162%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29%2C%201027%26%23×2013%3B1034.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00442-009-1490-y%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00442-009-1490-y%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DJHSQY5ZI%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Frequent%20fire%20affects%20soil%20nitrogen%20and%20carbon%20in%20an%20African%20savanna%20by%20changing%20woody%20cover%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Corli%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Coetsee%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bond%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Edmund%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22February%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22When%20tropical%20and%20sub-tropical%20ecosystems%20burn%2C%20considerable%20amounts%20of%20N%20present%20in%20the%20biomass%20fuel%20may%20be%20released.%20This%20ultimately%20results%20in%20a%20loss%20of%20fixed%20N%20to%20the%20atmosphere.%20It%20is%20often%20assumed%20that%20this%20volatilization%20loss%20of%20N%20with%20frequent%20fire%20will%20result%20in%20a%20reduction%20of%20plant-available%20N%20and%20total%20system%20N.%20By%20changing%20the%20amount%20of%20woody%20biomass%20fire%20may%2C%20however%2C%20also%20have%20indirect%20effects%20on%20N%20and%20C%20dynamics.%20Here%20we%20consider%20the%20effects%20of%2050%20years%20of%20frequent%20fire%20on%20total%20soil%20N%20and%20soil%20organic%20C%20%28SOC%29%20and%20total%20soil%20N%20in%20a%20mesic%20savanna%20in%20the%20Kruger%20National%20Park%2C%20South%20Africa.%20We%20also%20determine%20how%20changes%20in%20woody%20biomass%20may%20affect%20total%20soil%20N%20and%20SOC.%20We%20measured%20soil%20and%20fine%20root%20N%20and%20C%20concentrations%20as%20well%20as%20total%20soil%20N%20and%20SOC%20pools%20in%20four%20burning%20treatments%2C%20including%20fire%20exclusion%2C%20of%20a%20long-term%20fire%20experiment.%20Our%20results%20show%20that%20regardless%20of%20soil%20depth%2C%20fire%20treatment%20had%20no%20significant%20effect%20on%20total%20soil%20N%20and%20SOC.%20Our%20results%20also%20show%20that%20under%20trees%20total%20soil%20N%20and%20SOC%20concentrations%20of%20the%20surface%20soil%20increase%2C%20and%20pools%20of%20N%20and%20SOC%20increase%20to%20a%20depth%20of%207%20cm.%20However%2C%20the%20extent%20to%20which%20soil%20N%20and%20C%20dynamics%20differed%20under%20canopies%20and%20away%20from%20canopies%20was%20dependent%20on%20fire%20treatment.%20Our%20results%20show%20that%20the%20effect%20of%20fire%20on%20soil%20N%20and%20C%20is%20mediated%20both%20through%20the%20indirect%20effect%20of%20changes%20in%20woody%20cover%20and%20the%20direct%20effects%20of%20fire%20%28volatilization%20losses%20of%20nutrients%29.%20We%20suggest%20that%20woody%20thickening%20in%20this%20mesic%20savanna%20will%20have%20pronounced%20effects%20on%20long-term%20N%20and%20C%20dynamics.%20%5Cu00a9%20Springer-Verlag%202010.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs00442-009-1490-y%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2200298549%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A58%3A43Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22GCSSEN2A%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Coetzer%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECoetzer%2C%20K.%20L.%2C%20Erasmus%2C%20B.%20F.%20N.%2C%20Witkowski%2C%20E.%20T.%20F.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Bachoo%2C%20A.%20K.%20%282010%29.%20Land-cover%20change%20in%20the%20Kruger%20to%20Canyons%20Biosphere%20Reserve%201993-2006%29%3A%20A%20first%20step%20towards%20creating%20a%20conservation%20plan%20for%20the%20subregion.%20%3Ci%3ESouth%20African%20Journal%20of%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E106%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%287%26%23×2013%3B8%29%2C%201%26%23×2013%3B10.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.4102%5C%2Fsajs.v106i7%5C%2F8.221%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.4102%5C%2Fsajs.v106i7%5C%2F8.221%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DGCSSEN2A%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Land-cover%20change%20in%20the%20Kruger%20to%20Canyons%20Biosphere%20Reserve%201993-2006%29%3A%20A%20first%20step%20towards%20creating%20a%20conservation%20plan%20for%20the%20subregion%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kaera%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Coetzer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Barend%20F.N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Erasmus%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%20T.F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Witkowski%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Asheer%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bachoo%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20paper%20is%20a%20first%20step%20towards%20a%20conservation%20plan%20for%20the%20Kruger%20to%20Canyons%20Biosphere%20Reserve%20K2C%29%20on%20the%20South%20African%20Central%20Lowveld%2C%20quantifying%20the%20historical%20land-cover%20trends%201993-2006%29.%20During%20the%20analysis%20period%2C%2036%25%20of%20the%20biosphere%20reserve%20BR%29%20underwent%20land-cover%20change.%20Settlement%20areas%20increased%20by%2039.7%25%2C%20mainly%20in%20rural%20areas%2C%20becoming%20denser%2C%20particularly%20along%20roadways.%20Human-Impacted%20Vegetation%20increased%20by%206.8%25%20and%20Intact%20Vegetation%20declined%20by%207.3%25%2C%20predominantly%20around%20settlement%20areas%2C%20which%20is%20testament%20to%20the%20interdependency%20between%20rural%20communities%20and%20the%20local%20environment.%20However%2C%20settlement%20expansion%20exceeded%20the%20rate%20of%20rangeland%20growth%3B%20in%20the%20long%20term%2C%20this%20may%20raise%20questions%20for%20sustainable%20resource%20extraction.%20Similarly%2C%20the%20block%20losses%20of%20intact%20vegetation%20are%20of%20concern%3B%20issues%20of%20fragmentation%20arise%2C%20with%20knock-on%20effects%20for%20ecosystem%20functioning.%20In%20the%20economic%20sector%2C%20agriculture%20increased%20by%2051.9%25%2C%20while%20forestry%20and%20mining%20declined%20by%207.1%25%20and%206.3%25%2C%20respectively.%20The%20future%20of%20these%20three%20sectors%20may%20also%20have%20significant%20repercussions%20for%20land-cover%20change%20in%20the%20BR.%20The%20identification%20of%20historical%20drivers%2C%20along%20with%20the%20chance%20that%20existing%20trends%20may%20continue%2C%20will%20have%20important%20implications%20for%20biodiversity%20protection%20in%20this%20landscape.%20Applied%20within%20a%20conservation-planning%20framework%2C%20these%20land-cover%20data%2C%20together%20with%20economic%20and%20biodiversity%20data%2C%20will%20help%20reconcile%20the%20spatial%20requirements%20of%20socio-economic%20development%20with%20those%20of%20conservation.%20%5Cu00a9%202010.%20The%20Authors.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.4102%5C%2Fsajs.v106i7%5C%2F8.221%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2200382353%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A53%3A06Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22YLABIHNW%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Coetzer%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECoetzer%2C%20K.%20L.%2C%20Erasmus%2C%20B.%20F.%20N.%2C%20Witkowski%2C%20E.%20T.%20F.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Bachoo%2C%20A.%20K.%20%282010%29.%20Land-cover%20change%20in%20the%20Kruger%20to%20Canyons%20Biosphere%20Reserve%20%281993-2006%29%3A%20a%20first%20step%20towards%20creating%20a%20conservation%20plan%20for%20the%20subregion.%20%3Ci%3ESouth%20African%20Journal%20of%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E106%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%201%26%23×2013%3B10.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.scielo.org.za%5C%2Fscielo.php%3Fscript%3Dsci%7B%5C%5C_%7Darttext%7B%5C%5C%26%7Dpid%3DS0038-23532010000400009%7B%5C%5C%26%7Dnrm%3Diso%27%3Ehttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.scielo.org.za%5C%2Fscielo.php%3Fscript%3Dsci%7B%5C%5C_%7Darttext%7B%5C%5C%26%7Dpid%3DS0038-23532010000400009%7B%5C%5C%26%7Dnrm%3Diso%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DYLABIHNW%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Land-cover%20change%20in%20the%20Kruger%20to%20Canyons%20Biosphere%20Reserve%20%281993-2006%29%3A%20a%20first%20step%20towards%20creating%20a%20conservation%20plan%20for%20the%20subregion%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K%20L%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Coetzer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B%20F%20N%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Erasmus%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E%20T%20F%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Witkowski%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A%20K%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bachoo%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220038-2353%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.scielo.org.za%5C%2Fscielo.php%3Fscript%3Dsci%7B%5C%5C_%7Darttext%7B%5C%5C%26%7Dpid%3DS0038-23532010000400009%7B%5C%5C%26%7Dnrm%3Diso%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A23%3A10Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22LG554FW2%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Cooper%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECooper%2C%20M.%20%282010%29.%20Advanced%20Bash-Scripting%20Guide%20An%20in-depth%20exploration%20of%20the%20art%20of%20shell%20scripting%20Table%20of%20Contents.%20%3Ci%3EOkt%202005%20Abrufbar%20Uber%20Httpwww%20Tldp%20OrgLDPabsabsguide%20Pdf%20Zugriff%201112%202005%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E2274%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%28November%202008%29%2C%202267%26%23×2013%3B2274.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fhyp%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fhyp%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DLG554FW2%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Advanced%20Bash-Scripting%20Guide%20An%20in-depth%20exploration%20of%20the%20art%20of%20shell%20scripting%20Table%20of%20Contents%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mendel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cooper%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20document%20is%20both%20a%20tutorial%20and%20a%20reference%20on%20shell%20scripting%20with%20Bash.%20It%20assumes%20no%20previous%20knowledge%20of%20scripting%20or%20programming%2C%20but%20progresses%20rapidly%20toward%20an%20intermediate%5C%2Fadvanced%20level%20of%20instruction.%20The%20exercises%20and%20heavily-commented%20examples%20invite%20active%20reader%20participation.%20Still%2C%20it%20is%20a%20work%20in%20progress.%20The%20intention%20is%20to%20add%20much%20supplementary%20material%20in%20future%20updates%20to%20this%20HOWTO%2C%20so%20that%20it%20will%20gradually%20evolve%20into%20an%20LDP%20%5C%22guide%5C%22%2C%20i.e.%2C%20a%20complete%20book.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2Fhyp%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2208856087%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fjamsb.austms.org.au%5C%2Fcourses%5C%2FCSC2408%5C%2Fsemester3%5C%2Fresources%5C%2Fldp%5C%2Fabs-guide.pdf%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A52%3A59Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22QNV7FVCY%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Cooper%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECooper%2C%20M.%20%282010%29.%20Advanced%20Bash-Scripting%20Guide%20An%20in-depth%20exploration%20of%20the%20art%20of%20shell%20scripting%20Table%20of%20Contents.%20%3Ci%3EOkt%202005%20Abrufbar%20Uber%20Httpwww%20Tldp%20OrgLDPabsabsguide%20Pdf%20Zugriff%201112%202005%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E2274%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%28November%202008%29%2C%202267%26%23×2013%3B2274.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fhyp%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fhyp%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DQNV7FVCY%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Advanced%20Bash-Scripting%20Guide%20An%20in-depth%20exploration%20of%20the%20art%20of%20shell%20scripting%20Table%20of%20Contents%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mendel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cooper%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20document%20is%20both%20a%20tutorial%20and%20a%20reference%20on%20shell%20scripting%20with%20Bash.%20It%20assumes%20no%20previous%20knowledge%20of%20scripting%20or%20programming%2C%20but%20progresses%20rapidly%20toward%20an%20intermediate%5C%2Fadvanced%20level%20of%20instruction.%20The%20exercises%20and%20heavily-commented%20examples%20invite%20active%20reader%20participation.%20Still%2C%20it%20is%20a%20work%20in%20progress.%20The%20intention%20is%20to%20add%20much%20supplementary%20material%20in%20future%20updates%20to%20this%20HOWTO%2C%20so%20that%20it%20will%20gradually%20evolve%20into%20an%20LDP%20%5C%22guide%5C%22%2C%20i.e.%2C%20a%20complete%20book.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2Fhyp%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2208856087%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fjamsb.austms.org.au%5C%2Fcourses%5C%2FCSC2408%5C%2Fsemester3%5C%2Fresources%5C%2Fldp%5C%2Fabs-guide.pdf%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A58%3A28Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2272XMXIMB%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Cramer%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECramer%2C%20M.%20D.%2C%20Van%20Cauter%2C%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Bond%2C%20W.%20J.%20%282010%29.%20Growth%20of%20N2-fixing%20African%20savanna%20Acacia%20species%20is%20constrained%20by%20below-ground%20competition%20with%20grass.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Ecology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E98%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%20156%26%23×2013%3B167.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1365-2745.2009.01594.x%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1365-2745.2009.01594.x%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D72XMXIMB%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Growth%20of%20N2-fixing%20African%20savanna%20Acacia%20species%20is%20constrained%20by%20below-ground%20competition%20with%20grass%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cramer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22An%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Van%20Cauter%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bond%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%221.%20The%20coexistence%20of%20leguminous%20trees%20and%20C4%20grasses%20in%20many%20African%20savannas%20forces%20competition%20between%20these%20two%20distinct%20plant%20life-forms.%20The%20nature%20of%20tree-grass%20coexistence%20and%20the%20consequent%20competition%20for%20resources%20remains%20poorly%20understood.%202.%20We%20hypothesized%20that%20grass%20suppression%20of%20tree%20seedling%20growth%20was%20due%20to%20competition%20for%20N%20in%20plants%20not%20capable%20of%20fixing%20N2%20and%20due%20to%20the%20costs%20of%20N2%20fixation%20in%20those%20capable%20of%20nodulation.%203.%20Growth%20and%20N2%20fixation%20of%20nodulating%20%28Acacia%20karroo%2C%20Acacia%20nilotica%2C%20Acacia%20tortilis%20and%20Acacia%20nigrescens%29%20and%20non-nodulating%20%28Acacia%20ataxacantha%20Acacia%20brevispica%20and%20Acacia%20schweinfurthii%29%20Acacia%20spp.%20in%20response%20to%20soil%20characteristics%20and%20fertilizer%20variations%20in%20irrigated%20field%20experiments%20were%20compared.%20The%20extent%20of%20N2%20fixation%20was%20determined%20from%20%5Cu03b415N%20values.%204.%20Grass%20suppressed%20the%20growth%20of%20all%20species%2C%20but%20particularly%20of%20the%20non-nodulating%20species.%20The%20N%202-fixing%20tree%20seedlings%20had%20high%20tissue%20N%20and%20high%20water-use%20efficiencies%20%28WUE%2C%20based%20on%20%5Cu03b413C%29%20relative%20to%20non-nodulating%20legumes%2C%20making%20the%20N2-fixing%20species%20strong%20competitors%20with%20C%204%20grasses%2C%20which%20have%20low%20tissue%20N%20contents%20and%20high%20WUE.%20The%20suppression%20of%20seedling%20growth%20by%20grass%20was%20smaller%20for%20plants%20grown%20in%20a%20soil%20with%2066%20mg%20kg-1%20than%20in%20a%20soil%20with%209%20mg%20kg-1%20of%20Bray%20II%20P.%20The%20tissue%20N%3A%20P%20ratios%20%2815.1%29%20indicated%20that%20P-limitation%20constrained%20growth%20of%20seedlings%20in%20soils%20with%20low%20Bray%20II%20P%20when%20grass%20was%20present%2C%20rather%20than%20the%20energetic%20costs%20of%20N2%20fixation.%205.Synthesis.%20In%20Acacia%20savannas%20and%20in%20the%20absence%20of%20water%20limitation%2C%20competition%20for%20N%20is%20the%20main%20constraint%20imposed%20by%20grass%20on%20growth%20of%20Acacia%20seedlings%20and%20that%20the%20ability%20to%20fix%20N2%20overcomes%20this%20limitation.%20However%2C%20the%20growth%20of%20N2%20fixing%20Acacias%20may%20be%20additionally%20limited%20by%20grass%20competition%20for%20P.%20%5Cu00a9%202009%20British%20Ecological%20Society.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fj.1365-2745.2009.01594.x%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2200220477%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A04%3A41Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%222PV2V66F%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Cramer%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECramer%2C%20M.%20D.%2C%20Van%20Cauter%2C%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Bond%2C%20W.%20J.%20%282010%29.%20Growth%20of%20N2-fixing%20African%20savanna%20Acacia%20species%20is%20constrained%20by%20below-ground%20competition%20with%20grass.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Ecology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E98%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%20156%26%23×2013%3B167.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D2PV2V66F%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Growth%20of%20N2-fixing%20African%20savanna%20Acacia%20species%20is%20constrained%20by%20below-ground%20competition%20with%20grass%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%20D%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cramer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22An%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Van%20Cauter%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bond%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221365-2745%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A22%3A55Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22N9ALSV46%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Dasgupta%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDasgupta%2C%20P.%20%282010%29.%20Nature%26%23×2019%3Bs%20role%20in%20sustaining%20economic%20development.%20%3Ci%3EPhilosophical%20Transactions%20of%20the%20Royal%20Society%20B%3A%20Biological%20Sciences%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E365%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281537%29%2C%205%26%23×2013%3B11.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1098%5C%2Frstb.2009.0231%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1098%5C%2Frstb.2009.0231%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DN9ALSV46%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Nature%27s%20role%20in%20sustaining%20economic%20development%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Partha%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dasgupta%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22In%20this%20paper%2C%20I%20formalize%20the%20idea%20of%20sustainable%20development%20in%20terms%20of%20intergenerational%20wellbeing.%20I%20then%20sketch%20an%20argument%20that%20has%20recently%20been%20put%20forward%20formally%20to%20demonstrate%20that%20intergenerational%20well-being%20increases%20over%20time%20if%20and%20only%20if%20a%20comprehensive%20measure%20of%20wealth%20per%20capita%20increases.%20The%20measure%20of%20wealth%20includes%20not%20only%20manufactured%20capital%2C%20knowledge%20and%20human%20capital%20%28education%20and%20health%29%2C%20but%20also%20natural%20capital%20%28e.g.%20ecosystems%29.%20I%20show%20that%20a%20country%27s%20comprehensive%20wealth%20per%20capita%20can%20decline%20even%20while%20gross%20domestic%20product%20%28GDP%29%20per%20capita%20increases%20and%20the%20UN%20Human%20Development%20Index%20records%20an%20improvement.%20I%20then%20use%20some%20rough%20and%20ready%20data%20from%20the%20world%27s%20poorest%20countries%20and%20regions%20to%20show%20that%20during%20the%20period%201970-2000%20wealth%20per%20capita%20declined%20in%20South%20Asia%20and%20sub-Saharan%20Africa%2C%20even%20though%20the%20Human%20Development%20Index%20%28HDI%29%20showed%20an%20improvement%20everywhere%20and%20GDP%20per%20capita%20increased%20in%20all%20places%20%28except%20in%20sub-Saharan%20Africa%2C%20where%20there%20was%20a%20slight%20decline%29.%20I%20conclude%20that%2C%20as%20none%20of%20the%20development%20indicators%20currently%20in%20use%20is%20able%20to%20reveal%20whether%20development%20has%20been%2C%20or%20is%20expected%20to%20be%2C%20sustainable%2C%20national%20statistical%20offices%20and%20international%20organizations%20should%20now%20routinely%20estimate%20the%20%28comprehensive%29%20wealth%20of%20nations.%20%5Cu00a9%202010%20The%20Royal%20Society.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1098%5C%2Frstb.2009.0231%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2214712970%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A49%3A05Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22T3J8Q3VU%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Davis%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDavis%2C%20C.%20%282010%29.%20%3Ci%3EA%20climate%20change%20handbook%20for%20north-eastern%20South%20Africa%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20CSIR.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DT3J8Q3VU%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22document%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20climate%20change%20handbook%20for%20north-eastern%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Davis%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A22%3A50Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2287GUW83W%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Dayamba%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDayamba%2C%20S.%20D.%2C%20Sawadogo%2C%20L.%2C%20Tigabu%2C%20M.%2C%20Savadogo%2C%20P.%2C%20Zida%2C%20D.%2C%20Tiveau%2C%20D.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Oden%2C%20P.%20C.%20%282010%29.%20Effects%20of%20aqueous%20smoke%20solutions%20and%20heat%20on%20seed%20germination%20of%20herbaceous%20species%20of%20the%20Sudanian%20savanna-woodland%20in%20Burkina%20Faso.%20%3Ci%3EFlora%3A%20Morphology%2C%20Distribution%2C%20Functional%20Ecology%20of%20Plants%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E205%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%285%29%2C%20319%26%23×2013%3B325.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.flora.2009.12.017%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.flora.2009.12.017%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D87GUW83W%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Effects%20of%20aqueous%20smoke%20solutions%20and%20heat%20on%20seed%20germination%20of%20herbaceous%20species%20of%20the%20Sudanian%20savanna-woodland%20in%20Burkina%20Faso%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sidzabda%20Djibril%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dayamba%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Louis%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sawadogo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mulualem%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tigabu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Patrice%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Savadogo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Didier%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zida%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Daniel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tiveau%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Per%20Christer%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Oden%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Smoke%20generated%20by%20burning%20of%20plant%20materials%20has%20widely%20been%20recognized%20as%20a%20germination%20cue%20for%20some%20species%20from%20both%20fire%20prone%20and%20fire-free%20ecosystems.%20It%20is%20an%20important%20factor%20for%20the%20understanding%20of%20vegetation%20dynamics%20and%20could%20have%20potential%20use%20for%20ecological%20management%20and%20rehabilitation%20of%20disturbed%20areas.%20Individual%20species%2C%20however%2C%20seem%20to%20have%20a%20specific%20requirement%20for%20the%20type%20and%20dosage%20of%20smoke%20treatments.%20In%20the%20present%20study%2C%20six%20different%20concentrations%20of%20smoke%20solution%20were%20tested%20on%2013%20herbaceous%20species%20by%20soaking%20the%20seeds%20for%2024%20h.%20The%20germination%20of%20a%20forb%20species%2C%20Borreria%20scabra%2C%20was%20significantly%20stimulated%20%28p%5C%5Ctextless0.05%29%20by%20the%20smoke%20treatment%20while%20that%20of%20the%20annual%20grass%20species%2C%20Euclasta%20condylotricha%2C%20was%20significantly%20inhibited%20%28p%5C%5Ctextless0.05%29%20by%20100%25%20smoke%20solution%20treatment.%20Contrary%20to%20our%20expectation%20that%20another%20fire-related%20cue%2C%20heat%20shock%2C%20would%20break%20the%20physical%20dormancy%20of%20the%20species%20tested%2C%20it%20was%20not%20promotive.%20For%20non-dormant%20seeds%20of%20B.%20scabra%20and%20Borreria%20radiata%2C%20high%20temperatures%20were%20lethal%20while%20low%20temperature%20induced%20physiological%20dormancy%20that%20was%20overcome%20in%20the%20former%20species%20within%2030%20days%20of%20the%20germination%20trial.%20For%20some%20species%2C%20responses%20to%20smoke%20did%20not%20corroborate%20with%20the%20field-observed%20response%20to%20fire%2C%20making%20ecological%20interpretation%20challenging.%20For%20responsive%20species%2C%20the%20smoke%20treatment%20could%20be%20a%20simple%20approach%20for%20promoting%20their%20re-establishment%20in%20areas%20where%20it%20is%20needed.%20More%20investigations%20are%20needed%20to%20assess%20the%20spread%20of%20response%20to%20smoke.%20%5Cu00a9%202010%20Elsevier%20GmbH.%20All%20rights%20reserved.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.flora.2009.12.017%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2203672530%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A42%3A37Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22CIPT3ZTT%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22de%20Villiers%20and%20de%20Wit%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3Ede%20Villiers%2C%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20de%20Wit%2C%20M.%20%282010%29.%20H2O-CO2-Energy%20equations%20for%20South%20Africa%3A%20PRESENT%20STATUS%20%2C%20FUTURE%20SCENARIOS%20AND%20PROPOSED%20SOLUTIONS%20Abstract.%20%3Ci%3EAeon%20Report%20Series%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E2%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27www.aeon.uct.ac.za%27%3Ewww.aeon.uct.ac.za%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DCIPT3ZTT%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22H2O-CO2-Energy%20equations%20for%20South%20Africa%3A%20PRESENT%20STATUS%20%2C%20FUTURE%20SCENARIOS%20AND%20PROPOSED%20SOLUTIONS%20Abstract%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stephanie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22de%20Villiers%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Maarten%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22de%20Wit%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%221%20A%20B%20ST%20R%20ACT%20C%20ontinued%20exploitation%20of%20these%20resources%2C%20however%2C%20may%20invoke%20a%20turning-point%20in%20the%20historic%20positive%20relationship%20between%20mineral%20and%20economic%20wealth.%20This%20anticipated%20change%20in%20fortunes%20is%20predicated%20on%20the%20impact%20mining%20activities%20have%20had%20and%20will%20continue%20to%20have%20on%20South%20Africa%27s%20most%20precious%20and%20scarce%20natural%20resource%2C%20water.%20A%20critical%20assessment%20of%20South%20Africa%27s%20future%20water%20balance%20paints%20a%20picture%20of%20a%20bleak%20future%20characterised%20by%20severe%20water%20shortages.%20The%20country%27s%20economic%20hubs%20and%20three%20main%20urban%20areas%2C%20Johannesburg%2C%20Cape%20Town%20and%20Durban%2C%20will%20be%20the%20most%20severely%20affected%2C%20with%20predicted%20water%20demand%20exceeding%20availability%20by%20a%20factor%20of%20about%20two%20by%202025.%20This%20report%20demonstrates%20that%20consideration%20of%20climate%20change%20and%20water%20quality%20deterioration%2C%20both%20currently%20excluded%20from%20models%20used%20to%20forecast%20South%20Africa%27s%20official%20water%20outlook%20scenarios%2C%20predicts%20water%20shortages%20of%2019%20to%2033%25%20of%20requirements%20for%20the%20country%20as%20a%20whole%20by%202025%2C%20significantly%20larger%20than%20official%20estimates%20of%202%20to%2013%25%20shortages%20by%202025.%20An%20estimated%20R360%20billion%2C%20or%20about%2015%25%20of%20South%20Africa%27s%20present%20GDP%2C%20is%20needed%20within%20the%20next%2015%20years%20to%20secure%20South%20Africa%27s%20water%20future%2C%20primarily%20for%20maintaining%20and%20increasing%20water%20treatment%20plant%20capacity.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22www.aeon.uct.ac.za%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A48%3A11Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22KN325F6G%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Donangelo%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDonangelo%2C%20R.%2C%20Fort%2C%20H.%2C%20Dakos%2C%20V.%2C%20Scheffer%2C%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Van%20Nes%2C%20E.%20H.%20%282010%29.%20Early%20warnings%20for%20catastrophic%20shifts%20in%20ecosystems%3A%20Comparison%20between%20spatial%20and%20temporal%20indicators.%20%3Ci%3EInternational%20Journal%20of%20Bifurcation%20and%20Chaos%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E20%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20315%26%23×2013%3B321.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1142%5C%2FS0218127410025764%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1142%5C%2FS0218127410025764%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DKN325F6G%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Early%20warnings%20for%20catastrophic%20shifts%20in%20ecosystems%3A%20Comparison%20between%20spatial%20and%20temporal%20indicators%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Raul%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Donangelo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hugo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fort%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Vasilis%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dakos%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marten%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Scheffer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Egbert%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Van%20Nes%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20task%20of%20providing%20leading%20indicators%20of%20catastrophic%20regime%20shifts%20in%20ecosystems%20is%20fundamental%20in%20order%20to%20design%20management%20protocols%20for%20those%20systems.%20Here%20we%20address%20the%20problem%20of%20lake%20eutrophication%20%28that%20is%2C%20nutrient%20enrichment%20leading%20to%20algal%20blooms%29%20using%20a%20simple%20spatial%20lake%20model.%20We%20discuss%20and%20compare%20different%20spatial%20and%20temporal%20early%20warning%20signals%20announcing%20the%20catastrophic%20transition%20of%20an%20oligotrophic%20lake%20to%20eutrophic%20conditions.%20In%20particular%2C%20we%20consider%20the%20spatial%20variance%20and%20its%20associated%20patchiness%20of%20eutrophic%20water%20regions.%20We%20found%20that%20spatial%20variance%20increases%20as%20the%20lake%20approaches%20the%20point%20of%20transition%20to%20a%20eutrophic%20state.%20We%20also%20analyze%20the%20spatial%20and%20temporal%20early%20warnings%20in%20terms%20of%20the%20amount%20of%20information%20required%20by%20each%20and%20their%20respective%20forewarning%20times.%20From%20the%20consideration%20of%20different%20remedial%20procedures%20that%20can%20be%20followed%20after%20these%20early%20signals%20we%20conclude%20that%20some%20of%20these%20indicators%20are%20not%20early%20enough%20to%20avert%20the%20undesired%20impending%20shift.%20%5Cu00a9%202010%20World%20Scientific%20Publishing%20Company.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1142%5C%2FS0218127410025764%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2202181274%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A46%3A27Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22Z7E2MVJE%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Dwyer%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDwyer%2C%20J.%20M.%2C%20Fensham%2C%20R.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Buckley%2C%20Y.%20M.%20%282010%29.%20Restoration%20thinning%20accelerates%20structural%20development%20and%20carbon%20sequestration%20in%20an%20endangered%20Australian%20ecosystem.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Applied%20Ecology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E47%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%20681%26%23×2013%3B691.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1365-2664.2010.01775.x%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1365-2664.2010.01775.x%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DZ7E2MVJE%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Restoration%20thinning%20accelerates%20structural%20development%20and%20carbon%20sequestration%20in%20an%20endangered%20Australian%20ecosystem%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dwyer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rod%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fensham%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yvonne%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Buckley%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Restoration%20thinning%20involves%20the%20selective%20removal%20of%20stems%20in%20woody%20ecosystems%20to%20restore%20historical%20or%20ecologically%20desirable%20ecosystem%20structure%20and%20processes.%20Thinning%20may%20also%20accelerate%20carbon%20sequestration%20in%20dense%20regenerating%20forests.%20This%20study%20considers%20restoration%20thinning%20effects%20on%20both%20structural%20development%20and%20carbon%20sequestration%20in%20a%20regenerating%20forest%20ecosystem.%20An%20experimental%20thinning%20trial%20was%20established%20in%20dense%20Acacia%20harpophylla%20regrowth%20in%20southern%20Queensland%2C%20Australia.%20The%20mean%20stem%20density%20prior%20to%20thinning%20was%2017%20000%20stems%20ha-1.%20Four%20treatments%20%28no%20thinning%20and%20thinning%20down%20to%201000%2C%202000%20and%204000%20stems%20ha-1%29%20were%20applied%20in%20a%20randomized%20block%20design.%20Growth%20and%20mortality%20of%20a%20subset%20of%20stems%20was%20monitored%20for%202%20years.%20Mixed-effects%20models%20and%20hierarchical%20Bayesian%20models%20%28HBMs%29%20were%20used%20to%20test%20for%20treatment%20effects%20and%20to%20explore%20relationships%20between%20neighbourhood%20density%20variables%20and%20the%20growth%20and%20mortality%20of%20stems.%20The%20HBMs%20were%20subsequently%20used%20to%20parameterise%20an%20individual-based%20simulation%20model%20of%20stand%20structural%20development%20and%20biomass%20accumulation%20over%2050%20years.%20The%20circumference%20growth%20rates%20of%20stems%20in%20thinning%20treatments%20were%20significantly%20higher%20than%20in%20the%20control.%20Woody%20species%20diversity%20and%20grass%20cover%20were%20also%20significantly%20higher%20in%20thinning%20treatments%20and%20were%20strongly%20negatively%20correlated%20with%20canopy%20cover.%20The%20HBMs%20confirmed%20that%20both%20growth%20and%20mortality%20were%20density%20dependent%20to%20some%20extent.%20The%20simulation%20model%20predicted%20a%20net%20gain%20in%20living%20above-ground%20biomass%20in%20some%20thinning%20treatments%20%28compared%20with%20the%20control%20treatment%29%20within%2020%20years%20after%20thinning.%20The%206000%20stems%20ha-1%20treatment%20was%20predicted%20to%20be%20the%20optimal%20thinning%20density%20for%20structural%20development%20towards%20the%20structure%20of%20a%20nearby%20mature%20reference%20forest.%20Synthesis%20and%20applications.%20Naturally%20regenerating%20woody%20vegetation%20provides%20important%20habitat%20for%20native%20fauna%20in%20fragmented%20landscapes%20and%20represents%20an%20efficient%20means%20to%20reinstate%20habitat%20connectivity%20and%20increase%20forest%20area.%20Many%20regrowth%20ecosystems%20also%20have%20considerable%20potential%20as%20land-based%20carbon%20sinks.%20This%20study%20demonstrates%20that%20restoration%20thinning%20can%20be%20applied%20to%20accelerate%20stem%20growth%20and%20woody%20species%20recruitment%20and%20may%20also%20accelerate%20structural%20development%20and%20carbon%20sequestration%20in%20this%20extensive%20regrowth%20ecosystem.%20The%20application%20of%20restoration%20thinning%20to%20provide%20dual%20restoration%20and%20carbon%20benefits%20should%20be%20explored%20for%20a%20wider%20range%20of%20naturally%20regenerating%20woody%20ecosystems.%20%5Cu00a9%202010%20The%20Authors.%20Journal%20compilation%20%5Cu00a9%202010%20British%20Ecological%20Society.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fj.1365-2664.2010.01775.x%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2200218901%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A03%3A39Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22LB6VBKYZ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Dwyer%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDwyer%2C%20J.%20M.%2C%20Fensham%2C%20R.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Buckley%2C%20Y.%20M.%20%282010%29.%20Restoration%20thinning%20accelerates%20structural%20development%20and%20carbon%20sequestration%20in%20an%20endangered%20Australian%20ecosystem.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Applied%20Ecology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E47%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%20681%26%23×2013%3B691.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DLB6VBKYZ%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Restoration%20thinning%20accelerates%20structural%20development%20and%20carbon%20sequestration%20in%20an%20endangered%20Australian%20ecosystem%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%20M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dwyer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rod%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fensham%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yvonne%20M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Buckley%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221365-2664%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A22%3A28Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22VXIX27EL%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Dwyer%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDwyer%2C%20J.%20M.%2C%20Fensham%2C%20R.%20J.%2C%20Fairfax%2C%20R.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Buckley%2C%20Y.%20M.%20%282010%29.%20Neighbourhood%20effects%20influence%20drought-induced%20mortality%20of%20savanna%20trees%20in%20Australia.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Vegetation%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E21%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%20573%26%23×2013%3B585.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DVXIX27EL%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Neighbourhood%20effects%20influence%20drought-induced%20mortality%20of%20savanna%20trees%20in%20Australia%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%20M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dwyer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rod%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fensham%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Russell%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fairfax%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yvonne%20M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Buckley%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A25%3A22Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22H94DSPWR%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Dzoma%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDzoma%2C%20B.%20M.%2C%20Moralo%2C%20R.%20A.%2C%20Motsei%2C%20L.%20E.%2C%20Ndou%2C%20R.%20V.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Bakunzi%2C%20F.%20R.%20%282010%29.%20Preliminary%20findings%20on%20the%20levels%20of%20five%20heavy%20metals%20in%20water%2C%20sediments%2C%20grass%20and%20various%20specimens%20from%20cattle%20grazing%20and%20watering%20in%20potentially%20heavy%20metal%20polluted%20areas%20of%20the%20North%20West%20province%20of%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Animal%20and%20Veterinary%20Advances%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E9%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2824%29%2C%203026%26%23×2013%3B3033.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3923%5C%2Fjavaa.2010.3026.3033%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3923%5C%2Fjavaa.2010.3026.3033%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DH94DSPWR%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Preliminary%20findings%20on%20the%20levels%20of%20five%20heavy%20metals%20in%20water%2C%20sediments%2C%20grass%20and%20various%20specimens%20from%20cattle%20grazing%20and%20watering%20in%20potentially%20heavy%20metal%20polluted%20areas%20of%20the%20North%20West%20province%20of%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dzoma%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moralo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Motsei%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ndou%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22F.%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bakunzi%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22A%20study%20was%20carried%20out%20to%20determine%20the%20levels%20of%205%20heavy%20metal%20pollutants%20in%20water%2C%20sediments%20and%20grass%20from%20the%20gold%20mining%20area%20of%20Koekemoerspruit%20near%20Orkney%20in%20the%20North%20West%20province%20of%20South%20Africa.%20Fecal%20and%20blood%20samples%20of%20cattle%20grazing%20and%20watering%20from%20the%20same%20area%20were%20also%20analysed.%20Similar%20samples%20from%20Mafikeng%2C%20a%20mining%20activity%20free%20area%20200%20km%20away%20from%20Orkney%20were%20used%20for%20comparison.%20Determination%20of%20heavy%20metal%20levels%20was%20carried%20out%20using%20the%20Atomic%20Absorption%20Spectrophotometer%20%28AAS%29%20machine%2C%20ICP-MS%20and%20confirmed%20on%20the%20AAS%20700S.%20Uranium%20%28U%29%2C%20Arsenic%20%28As%29%2C%20Lead%20%28Pb%29%2C%20Cadmium%20%28Cd%29%20and%20Aluminum%20%28Al%29%20all%20occurred%20in%20varying%20amounts%20in%20samples%20from%20both%20locations.%20The%20levels%20of%20all%20the%20heavy%20metals%20analysed%20for%20were%20significantly%20higher%20in%20soil%2C%20water%20and%20grass%20samples%20from%20Koekemoerspruit%20than%20those%20from%20Mafikeng%2C%20except%20for%20Al%20which%20was%20higher%20in%20grass%20samples%20from%20Mafikeng.%20Koekemoerspruit%20water%20samples%20had%20As%2C%20Al%20and%20Cd%20levels%20of%200.12%2C%2012.8%20and%200.01%20ppm%20that%20were%20several%20magnitudes%20higher%20than%20the%20WHO%5C%2FEPA%20maximum%20permissible%20levels%20for%20drinking%20water%20of%200.01%2C%200.2%20and%200.003%20ppm%2C%20respectively.%20The%20animals%20from%20both%20locations%20had%20varying%20levels%20of%20all%20the%20heavy%20metals%20in%20their%20serum%20and%20faeces.%20However%2C%20significantly%20higher%20levels%20in%20serum%20and%20faeces%20for%20Koekemoerspruit%20were%20found%20for%20U%2C%20Cd%20and%20Pb%2C%20indicating%20possible%20implications%20on%20the%20food%20chain.%20Sediments%20had%20higher%20levels%20of%20heavy%20metals%20than%20water%2C%20ranging%20from%2010%20times%20higher%20for%20Al%20to%20350%20times%20higher%20for%20U.%20Results%20of%20the%20present%20survey%20reveal%20possible%20public%20health%20risks%20with%20regards%20to%20the%20water%20levels%20of%20Al%2C%20Cd%20and%20As%20in%20the%20mining%20area%20of%20Koekemoerspruit%2C%20as%20well%20as%20a%20generally%20higher%20contribution%20of%20the%20mining%20activities%20to%20a%20higher%20heavy%20metal%20presence%20in%20the%20environment.%20Owing%20to%20the%20influence%20of%20the%20environmental%20levels%20of%20heavy%20metals%20on%20fecal%20and%20serum%20levels%2C%20as%20well%20as%20the%20excessively%20high%20levels%20of%20environmental%20Al%2C%20further%20studies%20on%20the%20possible%20effects%20of%20high%20environmental%20levels%20of%20the%20heavy%20metals%20on%20various%20aspects%20of%20animal%20health%20and%20agricultural%20production%20are%20indicated.%20%5Cu00a9%20Medwell%20Journals%2C%202010.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.3923%5C%2Fjavaa.2010.3026.3033%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2216805593%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A03%3A39Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22N8RW2F9S%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Dzoma%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDzoma%2C%20B.%20M.%2C%20Moralo%2C%20R.%20A.%2C%20Ndou%2C%20R.%20V.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Bakunzi%2C%20F.%20R.%20%282010%29.%20Preliminary%20Findings%20on%20the%20Levels%20of%20Five%20Heavy%20Metals%20in%20Water%2C%20Sediments%2C%20Grass%20and%20Various%20Specimens%20from%20Cattle%20Grazing%20and%20Watering%20in%20Potentially%20Heavy%20Metal%20Polluted%20Areas%20of%20the%20North%20West%20Province%20of%20South%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Animal%20and%20Veterinary%20Advances%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E9%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2824%29%2C%203026%26%23×2013%3B3033.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3923%5C%2Fjavaa.2010.3026.3033%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3923%5C%2Fjavaa.2010.3026.3033%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DN8RW2F9S%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Preliminary%20Findings%20on%20the%20Levels%20of%20Five%20Heavy%20Metals%20in%20Water%2C%20Sediments%2C%20Grass%20and%20Various%20Specimens%20from%20Cattle%20Grazing%20and%20Watering%20in%20Potentially%20Heavy%20Metal%20Polluted%20Areas%20of%20the%20North%20West%20Province%20of%20South%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dzoma%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moralo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ndou%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22F.R%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bakunzi%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.3923%5C%2Fjavaa.2010.3026.3033%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.researchgate.net%5C%2Fpublication%5C%2F286592179%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A14%3A42Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22GV89WSDV%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Edwards%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EEdwards%2C%20E.%20J.%2C%20Osborne%2C%20C.%20P.%2C%20Str%26%23xF6%3Bmberg%2C%20C.%20A.%20E.%2C%20Smith%2C%20S.%20A.%2C%20Bond%2C%20W.%20J.%2C%20Christin%2C%20P.%20A.%2C%20Cousins%2C%20A.%20B.%2C%20Duvall%2C%20M.%20R.%2C%20Fox%2C%20D.%20L.%2C%20Freckleton%2C%20R.%20P.%2C%20Ghannoum%2C%20O.%2C%20Hartwell%2C%20J.%2C%20Huang%2C%20Y.%2C%20Janis%2C%20C.%20M.%2C%20Keeley%2C%20J.%20E.%2C%20Kellogg%2C%20E.%20A.%2C%20Knapp%2C%20A.%20K.%2C%20Leakey%2C%20A.%20D.%20B.%2C%20Nelson%2C%20D.%20M.%2C%20%26%23×2026%3B%20Tipple%2C%20B.%20%282010%29.%20The%20origins%20of%20C4%20Grasslands%3A%20Integrating%20evolutionary%20and%20ecosystem%20science.%20%3Ci%3EScience%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E328%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%285978%29%2C%20587%26%23×2013%3B591.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1126%5C%2Fscience.1177216%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1126%5C%2Fscience.1177216%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DGV89WSDV%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20origins%20of%20C4%20Grasslands%3A%20Integrating%20evolutionary%20and%20ecosystem%20science%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Erika%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Edwards%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Colin%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Osborne%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Caroline%20A.E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Str%5Cu00f6mberg%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stephen%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Smith%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bond%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pascal%20Antoine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Christin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Asaph%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cousins%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Melvin%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Duvall%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fox%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Robert%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Freckleton%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Oula%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ghannoum%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22James%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hartwell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yongsong%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Huang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christine%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Janis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jon%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Keeley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elizabeth%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kellogg%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alan%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Knapp%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%20D.B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Leakey%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nelson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jeffery%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Saarela%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rowan%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sage%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Osvaldo%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sala%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicolas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Salamin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christopher%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Still%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Brett%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tipple%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20evolution%20of%20grasses%20using%20C4%20photosynthesis%20and%20their%20sudden%20rise%20to%20ecological%20dominance%203%20to%208%20million%20years%20ago%20is%20among%20the%20most%20dramatic%20examples%20of%20biome%20assembly%20in%20the%20geological%20record.%20A%20growing%20body%20of%20work%20suggests%20that%20the%20patterns%20and%20drivers%20of%20C4%20grassland%20expansion%20were%20considerably%20more%20complex%20than%20originally%20assumed.%20Previous%20research%20has%20benefited%20substantially%20from%20dialog%20between%20geologists%20and%20ecologists%2C%20but%20current%20research%20must%20now%20integrate%20fully%20with%20phylogenetics.%20A%20synthesis%20of%20grass%20evolutionary%20biology%20with%20grassland%20ecosystem%20science%20will%20further%20our%20knowledge%20of%20the%20evolution%20of%20traits%20that%20promote%20dominance%20in%20grassland%20systems%20and%20will%20provide%20a%20new%20context%20in%20which%20to%20evaluate%20the%20relative%20importance%20of%20C4%20photosynthesis%20in%20transforming%20ecosystems%20across%20large%20regions%20of%20Earth.%20Copyright%202010%20by%20the%20American%20Association%20for%20the%20Advancement%20of%20Science%3B%20all%20rights%20reserved.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1126%5C%2Fscience.1177216%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2200368075%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A55%3A14Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22IUWSZ89Z%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Eech%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EEech%2C%20J.%20O.%20A.%20V.%20%282010%29.%20%3Ci%3EVeechCrist2010.pdf%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ci%3E91%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%287%29%2C%201964%26%23×2013%3B1969.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DIUWSZ89Z%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22VeechCrist2010.pdf%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J%20Oseph%20A%20V%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Eech%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A50%3A02Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22MKMRRXEH%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ellis%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EEllis%2C%20E.%20C.%2C%20Goldewijk%2C%20K.%20K.%2C%20Siebert%2C%20S.%2C%20Lightman%2C%20D.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Ramankutty%2C%20N.%20%282010%29.%20Anthropogenic%20transformation%20of%20the%20biomes%2C%201700%20to%202000.%20%3Ci%3EGlobal%20Ecology%20and%20Biogeography%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E19%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%285%29%2C%20589%26%23×2013%3B606.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1466-8238.2010.00540.x%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1466-8238.2010.00540.x%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DMKMRRXEH%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Anthropogenic%20transformation%20of%20the%20biomes%2C%201700%20to%202000%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Erle%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ellis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kees%20Klein%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Goldewijk%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stefan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Siebert%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Deborah%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lightman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Navin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ramankutty%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Aim%20To%20map%20and%20characterize%20anthropogenic%20transformation%20of%20the%20terrestrial%20biosphere%20before%20and%20during%20the%20Industrial%20Revolution%2C%20from%201700%20to%202000.%20Location%20Global.%20Methods%20Anthropogenic%20biomes%20%28anthromes%29%20were%20mapped%20for%201700%2C%201800%2C%201900%20and%202000%20using%20a%20rule-based%20anthrome%20classification%20model%20applied%20to%20gridded%20global%20data%20for%20human%20population%20density%20and%20land%20use.%20Anthropogenic%20transformation%20of%20terrestrial%20biomes%20was%20then%20characterized%20by%20map%20comparisons%20at%20century%20intervals.%20Results%20In%201700%2C%20nearly%20half%20of%20the%20terrestrial%20biosphere%20was%20wild%2C%20without%20human%20settlements%20or%20substantial%20land%20use.%20Most%20of%20the%20remainder%20was%20in%20a%20seminatural%20state%20%2845%25%29%20having%20only%20minor%20use%20for%20agriculture%20and%20settlements.%20By%202000%2C%20the%20opposite%20was%20true%2C%20with%20the%20majority%20of%20the%20biosphere%20in%20agricultural%20and%20settled%20anthromes%2C%20less%20than%2020%25%20seminatural%20and%20only%20a%20quarter%20left%20wild.%20Anthropogenic%20transformation%20of%20the%20biosphere%20during%20the%20Industrial%20Revolution%20resulted%20about%20equally%20from%20land-use%20expansion%20into%20wildlands%20and%20intensification%20of%20land%20use%20within%20seminatural%20anthromes.%20Transformation%20pathways%20differed%20strongly%20between%20biomes%20and%20regions%2C%20with%20some%20remaining%20mostly%20wild%20but%20with%20the%20majority%20almost%20completely%20transformed%20into%20rangelands%2C%20croplands%20and%20villages.%20In%20the%20process%20of%20transforming%20almost%2039%25%20of%20earth%27s%20total%20ice-free%20surface%20into%20agricultural%20land%20and%20settlements%2C%20an%20additional%2037%25%20of%20global%20land%20without%20such%20use%20has%20become%20embedded%20within%20agricultural%20and%20settled%20anthromes.%20Main%20conclusions%20Between%201700%20and%202000%2C%20the%20terrestrial%20biosphere%20made%20the%20critical%20transition%20from%20mostly%20wild%20to%20mostly%20anthropogenic%2C%20passing%20the%2050%25%20mark%20early%20in%20the%2020th%20century.%20At%20present%2C%20and%20ever%20more%20in%20the%20future%2C%20the%20form%20and%20process%20of%20terrestrial%20ecosystems%20in%20most%20biomes%20will%20be%20predominantly%20anthropogenic%2C%20the%20product%20of%20land%20use%20and%20other%20direct%20human%20interactions%20with%20ecosystems.%20Ecological%20research%20and%20conservation%20efforts%20in%20all%20but%20a%20few%20biomes%20would%20benefit%20from%20a%20primary%20focus%20on%20the%20novel%20remnant%2C%20recovering%20and%20managed%20ecosystems%20embedded%20within%20used%20lands.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fj.1466-8238.2010.00540.x%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221466822X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A14%3A46Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%222ATYLHAA%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ellison%20and%20Dennis%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EEllison%2C%20A.%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Dennis%2C%20B.%20%282010%29.%20Paths%20to%20statistical%20fluency%20for%20ecologists.%20%3Ci%3EFrontiers%20in%20Ecology%20and%20the%20Environment%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E8%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%287%29%2C%20362%26%23×2013%3B370.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2Fdoi%3A10.1890%5C%2F080209%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2Fdoi%3A10.1890%5C%2F080209%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D2ATYLHAA%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Paths%20to%20statistical%20fluency%20for%20ecologists%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A%20M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ellison%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dennis%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22doi%3A10.1890%5C%2F080209%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.esajournals.org%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F10.1890%5C%2F080209%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A12%3A54Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%225V8W6J8T%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22FAO%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFAO.%20%282010%29.%20Climate%20change%20implications%20for%20food%20security%20and%20Natural%20Resources%20Management%20in%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EAfrica%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3EMay%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%203%26%23×2013%3B7.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D5V8W6J8T%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Climate%20change%20implications%20for%20food%20security%20and%20Natural%20Resources%20Management%20in%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22FAO%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T11%3A56%3A32Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%229RXGAJD5%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ferreira%20and%20Funston%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFerreira%2C%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Funston%2C%20P.%20J.%20%282010%29.%20Age%20assignment%20to%20individual%20African%20lions.%20%3Ci%3EAfrican%20Journal%20of%20Wildlife%20Research%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E40%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%201%26%23×2013%3B9.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3957%5C%2F056.040.0103%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3957%5C%2F056.040.0103%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D9RXGAJD5%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Age%20assignment%20to%20individual%20African%20lions%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sam%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ferreira%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paul%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Funston%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Assigning%20ages%20to%20lions%20%28Panthera%20leo%29%20requires%20the%20use%20of%20subjective%20and%20objective%20criteria%2C%20and%20is%20useful%20for%20conservation%20decision-making%20in%20that%20age%20distributions%20can%20be%20defined%20from%20which%20demographic%20profiles%20can%20be%20extracted.%20We%20collated%20all%20age%20assignment%20criteria%20and%20found%20that%20a%20constraint%20of%20most%20objective%20criteria%20is%20that%20they%20require%20Immobilized%20or%20dead%20specimens%20to%20measure.%20Furthermore%2C%20nearly%20all%20criteria%20used%20lions%20with%20assumed%20ages%20to%20construct%20relationships%20or%20narrative%20descriptions.%20We%20show%20that%20digital%20photogrammetry%20provides%20digitally-derived%20measures%20of%20shoulder%20heights%20similar%20to%20that%20of%20linearly%20derived%20measures.%20In%20addition%2C%20such%20shoulder%20heights%20did%20not%20differ%20between%20captive%20and%20free%20ranging%20lions%2C%20or%20between%20different%20regions%20in%20Africa.%20Variation%20in%20shoulder%20height%20is%20primarily%20associated%20with%20sex-specific%20age.%20Age%2C%20using%20the%20von%20Bertalanffy%20growth%20curve%2C%20explained%2092%25%20and%2097%25%20of%20the%20variation%20in%20female%20and%20male%20shoulder%20height%2C%20a%20skeletal%20measure%20not%20strongly%20affected%20by%20resource%20availability.%20Simulations%20suggest%20that%20age%20assignment%20is%20relatively%20accurate%20for%20females%20and%20males%20with%20shoulder%20heights%20up%20to%2070%20cm%20and%2095%20cm%2C%20respectively.%20Thus%20for%20lions%20younger%20than%20two%20years%20of%20age%20objective%20criteria%20gives%20most%20precise%20estimates%2C%20while%20subjective%20criteria%20are%20more%20suitable%20for%20older%20lions.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.3957%5C%2F056.040.0103%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2203794369%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A00%3A33Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22LS5H45WE%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2592029%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Frelich%20and%20Reich%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFrelich%2C%20L.%20E.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Reich%2C%20P.%20B.%20%282010%29.%20Will%20environmental%20changes%20reinforce%20the%20impact%20of%20global%20warming%20on%20the%20prairie-%20Forest%20border%20of%20central%20North%20America%3F%20%3Ci%3EFrontiers%20in%20Ecology%20and%20the%20Environment%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E8%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%287%29%2C%20371%26%23×2013%3B378.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1890%5C%2F080191%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1890%5C%2F080191%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.saeon.ac.za%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2592029%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DLS5H45WE%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Will%20environmental%20changes%20reinforce%20the%20impact%20of%20global%20warming%20on%20the%20prairie-%20Forest%20border%20of%20central%20North%20America%3F%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lee%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Frelich%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Reich%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Within%20the%20next%2050-100%20years%2C%20the%20warming%20climate%20will%20have%20major%20effects%20on%20boreal%20and%20northern%20hardwood%20forests%20situated%20near%20the%20prairie-forest%20border%20of%20central%20North%20America.%20This%20biome%20boundary%20shifted%20to%20the%20northeast%20during%20past%20episodes%20of%20global%20warming%2C%20and%20is%20expected%20to%20do%20so%20again.%20The%20climate%20of%20the%20future%20will%20likely%20lead%20to%20higher%20mortality%20among%20mature%20trees%2C%20because%20of%20the%20greater%20frequency%20of%20droughts%2C%20fires%2C%20forest-leveling%20windstorms%2C%20and%20outbreaks%20of%20native%20and%20exotic%20insect%20pests%20and%20diseases.%20In%20addition%2C%20increasing%20populations%20of%20native%20deer%20and%20European%20earthworm%20invasions%20will%20inhibit%20the%20establishment%20of%20tree%20seedlings.%20The%20expected%20net%20impact%20of%20these%20factors%20will%20be%20a%20%5C%22savannification%5C%22%20of%20the%20forest%2C%20owing%20to%20the%20loss%20of%20adult%20trees%20at%20a%20rate%20faster%20than%20that%20at%20which%20they%20can%20be%20replaced.%20This%20will%20cause%20a%20greater%20magnitude%20and%20more%20rapid%20northeastward%20shift%20of%20the%20prairie-forest%20border%2C%20as%20compared%20with%20a%20shift%20solely%20attributable%20to%20the%20direct%20effects%20of%20temperature%20change.%20%5Cu00a9%20The%20Ecological%20Society%20of%20America.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1890%5C%2F080191%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2215409295%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WT3DQSBL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-09-14T12%3A04%3A00Z%22%7D%7D%5D%7D
A, S. M. F., & B, P. J. F. (2010). Estimating lion population variables : prey and disease effects in Kruger National Park , South Africa. Wildlife Research, 194–206. Cite

Africa, S. (2010). Do mammalian herbivores influence invertebrate communities via changes in the vegetation ? Results from a preliminary survey in Kruger National. 27(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.2989/10220111003703468 Cite

Ajorlo, M., Abdullah, R. B., Hanif, A. H. M., Halim, R. A., & Yusoff, M. K. (2010). How cattle grazing influences heavy metal concentrations in tropical pasture soils. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 19(6), 1369–1375. Cite

Allen, C. D., Macalady, A. K., Chenchouni, H., Bachelet, D., Mcdowell, N., Vennetier, M., Kitzberger, T., Rigling, A., Breshears, D. D., Hogg, T., Gonzalez, P., Fensham, R., Zhang, Z., Castro, J., Demidova, N., Lim, J.-H., Allard, G., Running, S. W., Semerci, A., … Allen, C. D. (2010). A global overview of drought and heat-induced tree mortality reveals emerging climate change risks for forests. Forest Ecology and Management, 259, 660–684. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2009.09.001 Cite

Archibald, S., Scholes, R. J., Roy, D. P., Roberts, G., & Boschetti, L. (2010). Southern African fire regimes as revealed by remote sensing. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 19(7), 861–878. https://doi.org/10.1071/WF10008 Cite

Babanyara, Y. Y., & Saleh, U. F. (2010). Urbanisation and the Choice of Fuel Wood as a Source of Energy in Nigeria. Journal of Human Ecology, 31(1), 19–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/09709274.2010.11906293 Cite

Barrett, A. S., Brown, L. R., Barrett, L., & Henzi, P. (2010). A floristic description and utilisation of two home ranges by vervet monkeys in Loskop Dam Nature Reserve, South Africa. Koedoe, 52(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.4102/ koedoe.v52i1.990 Cite

Belsky, A. A. J., Mwonga, S. M., Amundson, R. G., Duxbury, J. M., & Ali, A. R. (2010). Comparative Effects of Isolated Trees on Their Undercanopy Environments in High- and Low- Rainfall Savannas Published by : British Ecological Society Stable URL : http://www.jstor.org/stable/2404278. Society, 30(1), 143–155. Cite

Billany, W., Swart, S., Hermes, J., & Reason, C. J. C. (2010). Variability of the Southern Ocean fronts at the Greenwich Meridian. Journal of Marine Systems, 82(4), 304–310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2010.06.005 Cite

Blignaut, J., Mander, M., Schulze, R., Horan, M., Dickens, C., Pringle, C., Mavundla, K., Mahlangu, I., Wilson, A., McKenzie, M., & McKean, S. (2010). Restoring and managing natural capital towards fostering economic development: Evidence from the Drakensberg, South Africa. Ecological Economics, 69(6), 1313–1323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.01.007 Cite

Bond, W. J., & Parr, C. L. (2010). Beyond the forest edge: Ecology, diversity and conservation of the grassy biomes. Biological Conservation, 143(10), 2395–2404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2009.12.012 Cite

Boundja, R. P., & Midgley, J. J. (2010). Patterns of elephant impact on woody plants in the Hluhluwe-Imfolozi park, Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa. African Journal of Ecology, 48(1), 206–214. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.2009.01104.x Cite

Bradshaw, C. J. A., Brook, B. W., Gardner, T. A., Bickford, D., & Whiteman, N. K. (2010). The conservation biologist’s toolbox – principles for the design and analysis of conservation studies. Conservation Biology for All. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199554232.003.0017 Cite

Bradshaw, C. J. A., Brook, B. W., Gardner, T. A., Bickford, D., & Whiteman, N. K. (2010). The conservation biologist’s toolbox – principles for the design and analysis of conservation studies. Conservation Biology for All. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199554232.003.0017 Cite

Braschler, B., Mahood, K., Karenyi, N., Gaston, K. J., & Chown, S. L. (2010). Realizing a synergy between research and education: How participation in ant monitoring helps raise biodiversity awareness in a resource-poor country. Journal of Insect Conservation, 14(1), 19–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10841-009-9221-6 Cite

Butchart, S. H. M., Walpole, M., Collen, B., van Strien, A., Scharleman, J. P. W., Almond, R. E. A., Baillie, J. E. M., Bomhard, B., Brown, C., & Bruno, J. (2010). Global biodiversity decline continues. Science, 328, 1164–1168. Cite

Carruthers, J., & Robin, L. (2010). Taxonomic imperialism in the battles for Acacia: Identity and science in South Africa and Australia. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 65(1), 48–64. https://doi.org/10.1080/00359191003652066 Cite

Chambers, E. A., Chambers, E. A., & Louis, S. (2010). With Introduction Articles From to The of Educational. 98(1), 35–44. Cite

Chaplot, V., Brown, J., Dlamini, P., Eustice, T., Janeau, J., Jewitt, G., Lorentz, S., Martin, L., Nontokozo-mchunu, C., Oakes, E., Podwojewski, P., Revil, S., Rumpel, C., & Zondi, N. (2010). Rainfall simulation to identify the storm-scale mechanisms of gully bank retreat. Agricultural Water Management. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2010.05.016 Cite

Child, M. F., Milton, S. J., Dean, R. W. J., Lipsey, M. K., Puttick, J., Hempson, T. N., Mann, G. K., Babiker, H., Chaudrey, J., Humphrey, G., Joseph, G., Okes, N. C., Potts, R., & Wistebaar, T. (2010). Tree-grass coexistence in a flood-disturbed, semi-arid savanna system. Landscape Ecology, 25(2), 315–326. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-009-9409-x Cite

Chown, S. L. (2010). Temporal biodiversity change in transformed landscapes: A southern African perspective. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 365(1558), 3729–3742. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0274 Cite

Coetsee, C., Bond, W. J., & February, E. C. (2010). Frequent fire affects soil nitrogen and carbon in an African savanna by changing woody cover. Oecologia, 162(4), 1027–1034. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-009-1490-y Cite

Coetzer, K. L., Erasmus, B. F. N., Witkowski, E. T. F., & Bachoo, A. K. (2010). Land-cover change in the Kruger to Canyons Biosphere Reserve 1993-2006): A first step towards creating a conservation plan for the subregion. South African Journal of Science, 106(7–8), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajs.v106i7/8.221 Cite

Coetzer, K. L., Erasmus, B. F. N., Witkowski, E. T. F., & Bachoo, A. K. (2010). Land-cover change in the Kruger to Canyons Biosphere Reserve (1993-2006): a first step towards creating a conservation plan for the subregion. South African Journal of Science, 106, 1–10. http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci{_}arttext{&}pid=S0038-23532010000400009{&}nrm=iso Cite

Cooper, M. (2010). Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide An in-depth exploration of the art of shell scripting Table of Contents. Okt 2005 Abrufbar Uber Httpwww Tldp OrgLDPabsabsguide Pdf Zugriff 1112 2005, 2274(November 2008), 2267–2274. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp Cite

Cooper, M. (2010). Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide An in-depth exploration of the art of shell scripting Table of Contents. Okt 2005 Abrufbar Uber Httpwww Tldp OrgLDPabsabsguide Pdf Zugriff 1112 2005, 2274(November 2008), 2267–2274. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp Cite

Cramer, M. D., Van Cauter, A., & Bond, W. J. (2010). Growth of N2-fixing African savanna Acacia species is constrained by below-ground competition with grass. Journal of Ecology, 98(1), 156–167. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01594.x Cite

Cramer, M. D., Van Cauter, A., & Bond, W. J. (2010). Growth of N2-fixing African savanna Acacia species is constrained by below-ground competition with grass. Journal of Ecology, 98(1), 156–167. Cite

Dasgupta, P. (2010). Nature’s role in sustaining economic development. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 365(1537), 5–11. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0231 Cite

Davis, C. (2010). A climate change handbook for north-eastern South Africa. CSIR. Cite

Dayamba, S. D., Sawadogo, L., Tigabu, M., Savadogo, P., Zida, D., Tiveau, D., & Oden, P. C. (2010). Effects of aqueous smoke solutions and heat on seed germination of herbaceous species of the Sudanian savanna-woodland in Burkina Faso. Flora: Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants, 205(5), 319–325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2009.12.017 Cite

de Villiers, S., & de Wit, M. (2010). H2O-CO2-Energy equations for South Africa: PRESENT STATUS , FUTURE SCENARIOS AND PROPOSED SOLUTIONS Abstract. Aeon Report Series, 2. www.aeon.uct.ac.za Cite

Donangelo, R., Fort, H., Dakos, V., Scheffer, M., & Van Nes, E. H. (2010). Early warnings for catastrophic shifts in ecosystems: Comparison between spatial and temporal indicators. International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos, 20(2), 315–321. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218127410025764 Cite

Dwyer, J. M., Fensham, R., & Buckley, Y. M. (2010). Restoration thinning accelerates structural development and carbon sequestration in an endangered Australian ecosystem. Journal of Applied Ecology, 47(3), 681–691. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01775.x Cite

Dwyer, J. M., Fensham, R., & Buckley, Y. M. (2010). Restoration thinning accelerates structural development and carbon sequestration in an endangered Australian ecosystem. Journal of Applied Ecology, 47(3), 681–691. Cite

Dwyer, J. M., Fensham, R. J., Fairfax, R. J., & Buckley, Y. M. (2010). Neighbourhood effects influence drought-induced mortality of savanna trees in Australia. Journal of Vegetation Science, 21(3), 573–585. Cite

Dzoma, B. M., Moralo, R. A., Motsei, L. E., Ndou, R. V., & Bakunzi, F. R. (2010). Preliminary findings on the levels of five heavy metals in water, sediments, grass and various specimens from cattle grazing and watering in potentially heavy metal polluted areas of the North West province of South Africa. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 9(24), 3026–3033. https://doi.org/10.3923/javaa.2010.3026.3033 Cite

Dzoma, B. M., Moralo, R. A., Ndou, R. V., & Bakunzi, F. R. (2010). Preliminary Findings on the Levels of Five Heavy Metals in Water, Sediments, Grass and Various Specimens from Cattle Grazing and Watering in Potentially Heavy Metal Polluted Areas of the North West Province of South Africa. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 9(24), 3026–3033. https://doi.org/10.3923/javaa.2010.3026.3033 Cite

Edwards, E. J., Osborne, C. P., Strömberg, C. A. E., Smith, S. A., Bond, W. J., Christin, P. A., Cousins, A. B., Duvall, M. R., Fox, D. L., Freckleton, R. P., Ghannoum, O., Hartwell, J., Huang, Y., Janis, C. M., Keeley, J. E., Kellogg, E. A., Knapp, A. K., Leakey, A. D. B., Nelson, D. M., … Tipple, B. (2010). The origins of C4 Grasslands: Integrating evolutionary and ecosystem science. Science, 328(5978), 587–591. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1177216 Cite

Eech, J. O. A. V. (2010). VeechCrist2010.pdf. 91(7), 1964–1969. Cite

Ellis, E. C., Goldewijk, K. K., Siebert, S., Lightman, D., & Ramankutty, N. (2010). Anthropogenic transformation of the biomes, 1700 to 2000. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 19(5), 589–606. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00540.x Cite

Ellison, A. M., & Dennis, B. (2010). Paths to statistical fluency for ecologists. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 8(7), 362–370. https://doi.org/doi:10.1890/080209 Cite

FAO. (2010). Climate change implications for food security and Natural Resources Management in Africa. Africa, May, 3–7. Cite

Ferreira, S., & Funston, P. J. (2010). Age assignment to individual African lions. African Journal of Wildlife Research, 40(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3957/056.040.0103 Cite

Frelich, L. E., & Reich, P. B. (2010). Will environmental changes reinforce the impact of global warming on the prairie- Forest border of central North America? Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 8(7), 371–378. https://doi.org/10.1890/080191 Cite